Solution Manual for Laboratory Manual for Anatomy & Physiology featuring Martini Art, Ma

Solution Manual for Laboratory Manual for Anatomy

& Physiology featuring Martini Art, Main Version Plus
MasteringA&P with eText — Package, 5/E – Michael
G. Wood

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EXERCISE
Connective Tissue
8

Master List of Materials

• Compound microscope
• Prepared slide: mesenchyme
• Prepared slide: areolar connective
tissue
• Prepared slide: adipose tissue
• Prepared slide: dense regular
connective tissue
• Prepared slide: dense irregular
connective tissue
• Prepared slide: reticular tissue
• Prepared slide: elastic tissue
• Prepared slide: blood smear
• Prepared slide: hyaline cartilage
• Prepared slide: elastic cartilage
• Prepared slide: fibrocartilage
• Prepared slide: bone

Time Requirement
• Students need approximately 10–15 minutes per slide.
• Entire laboratory exercise is approximately 2.5 hours.

Laboratory Preparation
1. To help students organize their connective tissue studies, organize the slide trays into the
groups of connective tissues: proper, fluid, and supportive.
2. Set up lens paper and lens cleaning solution.

Teaching Tips and Students’ Misconceptions

Lab Activities 1–4—Connective Tissues
• An excellent way to teach tissues is to show students each tissue using a videomicroscope
and a projector or large monitor to display the image. Have students work with each slide
while you guide them with the videomicroscope image.
• Connective tissues are complex with many cell types and intercellular features. To assist
students in determining what they are responsible for on the slides, sketch each tissue on
the chalk board before microscopic observations.
• To save time, fluid connective tissue can be covered later with blood studies in
Exercise 34.

30 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Exercise 8: Answers to Questions

QuickCheck
1.1 Mesenchyme is embryonic connective tissue that differentiates into the specialized
connective tissues.
1.2 Mucous connective tissue, also called Wharton’s jelly, is the mesenchyme tissue of the
umbilical cord.
2.1 Fibroblasts in connective tissue proper produce the protein fibers embedded in the
ground substance of the matrix.
2.2 The collagen fibers and elastic fibers are found in the matrix of connective tissue proper.
3.1 Blood and lymph are classified as fluid connective tissues because each has a variety of
cells scattered in an extracellular matrix.
3.2 The matrix of blood consists of plasma as the ground substance and dissolved fibers that
during blood clotting form a network of solid fibers to stop bleeding.
4.1 The matrix of cartilage has a gelatinous ground substance with many protein fibers that
may not be visible in the tissue.
4.2 Cartilage and bone are supportive connective tissues with outer membranes containing
immature cells that eventually become trapped in the matrix they have produced.

Make a Prediction
During exercise and weight loss, adipocytes shrink as their stored lipids are
metabolized for energy.

Review & Practice Sheet

A. Definitions
1. Collagen fiber: a protein produced by fibroblasts that provides strength to the
matrix of connective tissues
2. Perichondrium: membrane that surrounds cartilage and contains chondrocytes, which
produce the gel matrix
3. Osteon: a bony column in bone tissue that is organized into concentric lamellae around
a central canal
4. Lacuna: the space in which a chondrocyte or an osteocyte resides
5. Fibroblast: the cell that produces fibers and matrix in connective tissue proper
6. Matrix: the extracellular material of connective tissues; consist of a ground substance
with embedded fibers
7. Elastic fiber: a protein fiber that gives the matrix flexibility
8. Ground substance: extracellular material of connective tissues which is either a thick
syrupy liquid, a gelatinous layer, or a solid crystalline layer
9. Mast cell: the cell in areolar connective tissue that secretes histamine which causes
inflammation
10. Canaliculi: nutrient channels in the crystalline matrix of bone tissue
B. Drawing
Answer may vary.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. EXERCISE 8 Connective Tissue 31

Solution Manual for Laboratory Manual for Anatomy & Physiology featuring Martini Art, Ma

C. Labeling
1. areolar connective tissue 12. chondrocyte in lacuna
2. collagen fiber 13. elastic cartilage
3. elastic fiber 14. elastic fibers
4. fibroblast 15. bone tissue
5. adipose tissue 16. central canal
6. adipocyte 17. concentric lamella
7. fat vacuole 18. osteon
8. cytoplasm 19. dense regular connective tissue
9. hyaline cartilage 20. fibroblast
10. perichondrium 21. collagen fibers
11. chondroblast
D. Short-Answer Questions
1. Mesenchyme tissue is the embryonic connective tissue that produces all of the adult
connective tissues.
2. The matrix of loose connective tissue has thick collagen fibers for strength and thin
elastic fibers for flexibility.
3. The matrix of elastic cartilage has elastic fibers embedded in a gel ground substance.
4. Connective tissues are classified according to the structure of their matrix. Connective
tissue proper includes tissues with a syrupy matrix and includes loose, dense, reticular,
and adipose tissues. Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues and have a liquid
matrix. Supportive connective tissues have a gel or solid matrix and include cartilage
and bone tissues.
E. Analysis and Application
1. Dense regular connective tissue has parallel bundles of collagen fibers and is found in
tendons where the force on the tissue is from one direction. Dense irregular connective
tissue has a meshwork of collagen fibers and occurs in the dermis of the skin where
tension is applied from many directions.
2. Connective tissues differ from epithelia by having a variety of cells scattered in the
tissue. Between the cells is an extracellular matrix composed of a ground substance
and protein fibers. Epithelial cells are closely packed with no extracellular matrix.
3. Embryonic connective tissue has a matrix with fine protein fibers. Connective tissue
proper has a syrupy ground substance with a variety of collagen, elastic, and reticular
fibers. Fluid connective tissues have a liquid ground substance with dissolved protein
fibers. Supportive connective tissues have a gel or a solid ground substance with
elastic and collagen fibers.
F. Clinical Challenge
Liposuction removes adipose tissue from the body but if an unhealthy lifestyle and diet
continues, more adipose is formed and weight is gained.

32 INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL FOR LABORATORY MANUAL FOR A&P, 5e Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

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