Solution Manual for Laboratory Manual for General,

Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 3/E 3rd Edition

Karen C. Timberlake

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Solution Manual for Laboratory Manual for General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 3/E 3r

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Instructor

Pre-Lab Study Questions 21

1. What elements are present in alkanes?

Alkanes are composed of carbon and hydrogen.

2. Would you expect hexane to be soluble in water? Why?

Hexane would not be soluble in water. To be soluble the polarities must be similar,
but hexane is nonpolar while water is polar.

3. Which is more flammable, hexane or potassium sulfate?

Hexane is more flammable because it is an organic compound and all organic

compounds are flammable.

4. Draw the condensed structural formula of hexane.

OR

5. Why are 1-chlorobutane and 2-chlorobutane structural isomers?

Each compound has the same molecular formula, C3H7Cl, but they have different
structural arrangements.

6. Classify each of the following compounds according to its functional group.

a. Alkene

b. Alcohol

c. Ether

d. Carboxylic acid

e. Aromatic

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Date Name

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Instructor

REPORT SHEET LAB

Organic Compounds: 21
Alkanes

A. Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Compounds

A.1 Physical Properties
Name 1. Formula 2. Physical 3. Melting 4. Type of 5. Organic or
State Point Bonds Inorganic?
Sodium
NaCl Solid 801C Ionic Inorganic
chloride
Potassium
KI Solid 681C Ionic Inorganic
iodide
Toluene C7H8 Liquid -95C Covalent Organic
Cyclohexane C6H12 Liquid 6.47C Covalent Organic

A.2 Solubility
Solute 1. Soluble in 2. Soluble in Water? 3. Organic or
Cyclohexane? Inorganic?
NaCl Insoluble Soluble

Solute 4. Soluble in 5. Soluble in Water? 6. Organic or

Cyclohexane? Inorganic?
Toluene Soluble Insoluble

A.3 Combustion
Compound Undergoes Combustion? Organic or Inorganic?
(yes/no)
1. NaCl No
2. Cyclohexane Yes

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Q1 From your observations of the chemical and physical properties of organic and
inorganic compounds, complete the following table:

Property Organic Compounds Inorganic Compounds

Elements C,H,O,N,S,F,Cl,Br,I

Bonding Covalent

Melting point Lowe

Solubility in water Many insoluble

Flammability Flammable Not flammable

Q2 A white solid is soluble in water and is not flammable. Would you expect it to be
organic or inorganic? Explain your reason.

It is inorganic because it is soluble in water and not flammable which are

physical properties of inorganic compounds.

Q3 A clear liquid forms a layer when added to water. Would you expect it to be
organic or inorganic? Explain your reason.

It is organic because it is not soluble in water and has a lower density than
water which are physical properties of organic compounds.

B. Alkanes
B.1 Structures and Names of Alkanes
Compound Expanded Structural Condensed Structural
Formula Formula
1. Methane

2. Ethane

3. Propane

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B.2 Isomers of Alkanes
Isomers of C4 H10

Compound Butane 2-Methylpropane

1. Expanded Structural
Formula

2. Condensed Structural
Formula

3. Molar Mass 58.0 g/mol 58.0 g/mol

Boiling Point -0.5C -12C

Density 2.48 g/mL 2.06 g/mL

Isomers of C5 H12
2,2-
Compound Pentane 2-Methylbutane
Dimethylpropane
4. Condensed
Structural
Formula

5. Molar Mass 72.17 g/mol 72.17 g/mol 72.17 g/mol

Boiling Point 35.8 C 27.6 C 9.5 C

Density 0.626 g/mL 0.620 g/mL 0.591 g/mL

Questions and Problems

Q4 What physical property is identical for the isomers of C5H12?

The molar mass.

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B.3 Cycloalkanes
Compound Condensed Structural Skeletal Formula
Formula
1. Cyclopentane

2. Cyclohexane

B.4 Haloalkanes
Compound Expanded Structural Condensed Structural
Formula Formula
1. Chloromethane

2. 1,2-Dibromoethane

3. 2-Iodopropane

Isomers of C3H6Cl 2

Condensed Structural Formula Condensed Structural Formula

Name: 1,2-dichloropropane Name:1,3-dichloropropane

Name: 1,1-dichloropropane Name:2,2-dichloropropane

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Questions and Problems
Q5 Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following:
a. 1,4-dichlorocyclohexane b. 2,3-dimethylpentane

Q6 Write the correct name of the following alkanes:

a. Propane

b. 2,3-dimethylpentane

c. 2,3-dimethylbutane

C. Functional Groups
Compound Classification Compound Classification

Alcohol Amine

Amide Carboxylic acid

Alkene Ether

Ketone Aldehyde

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Solution Manual for Laboratory Manual for General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 3/E 3r

Q7 Classify each of the following according to its functional group:

a. Alkene

Amine
b.

Ether
c.

Ketone
d.

Carboxylic acid
e.

Ester
f.

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