06022018JKHZWRVAEMPreport Opus Finalized PDF

EMP Report For Proposed Construction Beach Resort & Golf Course At Survey Nos. Sy.
No 1/P1, 1/P2,
1/P3, 51/P1 & 52/P2 at Bengre village, Mangaluru Taluk, Dakshin Kannada, Karnataka State.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.0 General
In the recent past, increase in the personal income and leisure, early retirement, and
development in transportation network has significantly contributed for the increased
tourism demand. Today, tourism and recreation is part of the contemporary lifestyle for
individuals and families. Tourism has grown as an economically integrated industry
and became one of the world's largest industries, bringing enormous wealth to host
countries, and tourism has developed as one of the most dynamic and fastest growing
sectors of economy. In fact, travel and tourism have become a basic human need as it
brings the people close to experience the serenity of the divine nature.
The coastal tourism can be defined as tourism of the coastal environment and its natural
& cultural resources. Most coastal tourism takes place along the sea shore and in the
water body immediately adjacent to the shoreline. Coastal zones have been recognized
as favorite places for recreational tourism activities. The ‘Karnataka Tourism Policy
2015- 2020’ has earmarked Mangaluru, Udupi, Kundapur, Muradeshwar, Karwar &
Gokarna areas for coastal tourism development projects.
The Hon’ble Chief Minister of Karnataka in the budget speech of 2007-08 had
announced the setting up of a golf course with related activities on Public private
partnership (PPP) mode in Thanir Bhavi area of Mangalore Taluk to encourage and
promote the tourism in the coastal areas of the state. In this regard, Karnataka State
Industrial & Infrastructure Development Corporation (KSIIDC) has proposed an 18-
hole golf course, golf club & resort along with other hospitality services in an area of
135 acres in Thanir Bhavi, Bengre Village, Mangaluru Taluk, Dakshin Kannada District,
Karnataka. The proposed site is situated on peninsular stretch of land on road towards
the Kolur Bridge.
Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 1

EMP Report For Proposed Construction Beach Resort & Golf Course At Survey Nos. Sy.No 1/P1, 1/P2,
An advertisement for the request for the request of proposal was issued on 2.6.2010 and
the due date for the submission of bids was 30.12.2010. Nineteen parties purchased the
RFP documents and finally three bids were received. The bids were evaluated based on
the annual authorization fee offered by the bidders. The bid evaluation committee
recommended that the project to be awarded to highest bidder, i.e. Consortium of Opus
Hotels and Resorts Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore and M/s. Laguna National Golf & Country
Club Ltd., Singapore. The agreement copy has been attached as Annexure 1. The
Karnataka Tourism policy 2015-2020 promotes the setting up a Tourism Infrastructure
Company for development of tourism infrastructure and support facilities through
dedicated SPVs, PPP frameworks, Joint Ventures, and other appropriate structures.
The proposed construction of Beach Resort and Golf Course is located at Sy.Nos. 1/P1,
1/P2, 1/P3, 51/P1 & 52/P2 at Bengre village, Mangaluru Taluk, Dakshin Kannada,
Karnataka State.It is spread across 135 acres of land which is just 8-10 Kms away from
Mangalore city. The Proposed project falls under the CRZ-II, and hence, attracts the
provisions of CRZ Notification, published in Gazette of India, Extraordinary Part-II,
Section-3, sub-section (ii) of Ministry of Environment & Forest dated 06.01.2011.
1.1 Geography
1.1.1 Historical Importance
Mangalore, officially known as Mangaluru, is a sea port city located in the state of
Karnataka. The name Mangalore (Mangaluru) is after the Goddess Mangala Devi. It is
known as Kudla in Tulu, Kodial in Konkani, Maikāla in Beary , Mangaluru in Kannada.
It is located about 352 kilometres (220 mi) west of the state capital, Bengaluru between
the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghat mountain ranges. It is the administrative
headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada District. The city has a tropical climate and lies
in the path of the Arabian Sea branch of the South-West monsoons. Mangalore's port
handles 75 per cent of India's coffee and cashew exports.

1.1.2 Demographics
Mangalore city is governed by Municipal Corporation, which comes under Mangaluru

Metropolitan Region. The Mangalore city is located in Karnataka state of India. As per
provisional reports of Census India, population of Mangalore in 2011 is 488,968; of
which male and female are 242,512 and 246,456 respectively. Although Mangalore city
has population of 488,968; its urban / metropolitan population is 623,841 of which
309,380 are males and 314,461 are females. Government of India conduct census once a
decade. Since last census of Mangalore city was conducted in the year 2011, next census
will only be in the year 2021
Table 1.1: Mangalore City Population 2011
Mangalore City Total Male Female
City + Out Growths 499,487 247,903 251,584

City Population 488,968 242,512 246,456
Literates 417,649 211,572 206,077
Children (0-6) 43,340 22,323 21,017
Average Literacy (%) 93.72 % 96.09 % 91.41 %
Sex Ratio 1016
Child Sex Ratio 941
1.1.3 Transportation
The city is called the Gateway of Karnataka. Mangaluru by virtue of its closeness to the
cost makes it accessible by all forms of transport: road, rail, air and sea. It is the only city
in Karnataka to have an International Airport and a Major Seaport. Mangaluru is well
serviced by Air, Sea, Road and connecting Mangalore to major cities of Karnataka and
beyond. Mangalore port is one of the five ports through which foreigners will be able
to enter India through with electronic visa. The efficient transportation system and the

proximity of Mangalore to the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats make it an attractive
tourism location for domestic and foreign tourists.
1.1.4 Road
Five national highways connect Mangalore with various parts of Karnataka and India.
1. NH-17 (now NH-66) connects Mangalore with Udupi, Karwar, Mumbai, Goa,
Kochi, Trivandrum and Kozhikode.
2. NH-275 also connects Mangalore with Bangalore via Mysore. It starts at Bantwal
near Mangalore city and passes through Madikeri, Mysore and Mandya. It ends
at Bangalore spanning a total length of 378 kilometres .
3. NH-13 (now NH-169) connects Mangalore Shimoga.
4. NH-48 (now NH-75) connects Mangalore with Vellore, Bangalore, Kunigal,
Hassan and Sakleshpura.
5. NH-73 connects Mangalore to Tumkur via Charmadi, Mudigere and Belur.
1.1.5 Rail
Rail connectivity in Mangaluru was established in 1907. A metre gauge railway track,
built through the Western Ghats, connected Mangaluru with Hassan. The metre gauge
track was converted to a broad gauge track connecting Mangalore to Bangalore via
Hassan. The re-gauged track was opened to freight traffic in May 2006 and passenger
traffic in December 2007. The track network in the Mangaluru area is based on a
triangular pattern, with Mangaluru Central, Mangaluru Junction and the Netravati
River railway bridge at the vertices of the triangle.
A railway siding leads from Mangaluru Central to the historic old Railway Goods-Shed
in the old Port, Bunder area of Mangaluru city. For a year 1929–1930, the longest
running train in undivided India originated from Mangaluru Central. This was The
Grand Trunk Express from Mangaluru to Peshawar. The train covered the distance
from Mangaluru to Peshawar on the Khyber Pass in 104 hours. After 1930 the route of

the Grand Trunk Express was curtailed and the train originated from Mettupalayam,
Coimbatore.
Mangaluru has direct trains to Chennai, Trivandrum, Kochi, Kollam(Quilon),

Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Puducherry and Nagercoil through the Southern Railway and
to Mumbai, Bhatkal, Karwar and Goa via the Konkan Railway. Navyug Express train
connects Mangaluru with Katra in Jammu and Kashmir. Thiruvananthapuram Rajdhani
Express connects Mangaluru with the national capital New Delhi.
1.1.6 Airways
Located around 13 Kms from Mangaluru Railway Station is Mangaluru Airport (IATA:
IXE, ICAO: VOML), also known as the Bajpe airport, is an international airport serving
the coastal city of Mangalore, India. It is one of the only two International airports in
Karnataka, the other one being Kempegowda International Airport, Bangalore. Several
daily flights connect Mangalore with most major cities in southern and western India as
well as many major cities in the Middle East. The airport, then the Bajpe Aerodrome,
was opened on 25 December 1951 when then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru arrived
on a DC-3 Dakota aircraft.
Fig 1.1: Location of nearest airports to Mangaluru

Table 1.2: Airlines and destinations operation from Mangaluru International Airport
Airlines Destinations
Air India Mumbai
Air India Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Dammam, Doha, Dubai–
Express International, Kuwait, Muscat
IndiGo Bangalore, Mumbai, Patna
Jet Airways Abu Dhabi, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Dubai–International, Mumbai
SpiceJet Belgaum, Bangalore, Dubai–International, Hyderabad, Mumbai
1.1.7 Mangaluru Sea Port
The New Mangaluru Port “an ISO 9001:2008 & 14001:2004 certified port”, the only
Major Port of Karnataka was declared as the 9th Major Port on 4th May 1974. The major
commodities exported through the Port are Iron Ore Concentrates & Pellets, Iron Ore
Fines, POL Products, Granite Stones, Containerized Cargo, etc. The major imports of the
Port are Crude and POL products, LPG, Coal, Limestone, Timber logs, Finished
Fertilizers, Liquid Ammonia, Phosphoric Acid, Other Liquid Chemicals, Containerized
cargo, etc.
1.1.8 Bengre Ferry Line
The Bengre Ferry line connects the

Kasba Bengre peninsula with the with
the Mangalore city. The ferry line
connects Mangalore city with Thanir
Bhavi and Bengre Beach.

2. PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
2.0 Overview of the Project
The proposed Beach resort and Golf course project is located at Sy.No 1/P1, 1/P2, 1/P3,
51/P1 & 52/P2 at Bengre village, Mangaluru Taluk, Dakshin Kannada, Karnataka State.
It is spread across135 acres of land, with the 18 hole golf course in an area of 113.67
Acres, Golf Club and Resort in an area of 21.33 Acres. Geographically, the proposed
project is located Longitude ranges from 74°49’5.901” to 74°49’44.83” East and Latitude
ranges from 12°50’50.3” to 12°52’14.136” North at an elevation of about 4m to 6 m above
mean sea level (MSL).
Project site
Fig 2.1: Location of the project site on district Map

Gurpur (Kudumbur Hole) River (Backwater) is adjacent to the project location flowing
at an Aerial distance of 0.5 Km. On the eastern side lies Jokatte village, Western side lies
Ruchi Soya Factory, Northern side lies the river and Southern side lies KISCO factory.
The area falls under South West Coastal Zone area, CRZ - II as per CRZ Notification
2011. CRZ map of the project site has been enclosed as Plate No. 1. The project layout
has been superimposed on the CRZ Map by IRS, Anna University, Chennai and the
same is attached as Plate No.2
Fig 2.2: Google Image showing the location of the project site
2.1 Salient Features of the Proposed Project
Sl.
Information Details
No.
1 Name of the Project Proposed Beach Resort and Golf course Project
2 Name of the applicant Mr. Prakash Shetty
Sy.No 1/P1, 1/P2, 1/P3, 51/P1 & 52/P2 at Bengre
3 Location/Sy. Nos village, Mangaluru Taluk, Dakshin Kannada,
Karnataka State.
4 Total site area 135 Acres (546326 Sqm)

5 Total Built up Area 43251.0 Sqm

Resort, Club & allied 21.33 Acres (86,318.78SQM) (Resort-10Acres, Club &
6
services services-11.33 Acres)
7 Resort Landscape Area 5405.0 Sqm
8 Total Golf Course area 113.67 Acres (46,0002.6SQM)
9 Water Requirement 130 KLD
10 Proposed STP Capacity 115 KLD
11 Power Requirement Will be met from MESCOM
12 DG Sets Capacity 1500 KVA
13 Car Parking 516 Nos.

Nearest Railway Station Bunder railway station 1.2 Kms
14
(Aerial distance) Mangalore central railway station 2.5 Kms
Nearest Airport (aerial
15 Mangalore International Airport (Bajpe) 14 Kms
distance)
16 Project Cost 175 Crores
2.2 Site & Its Surroundings
The Project site is bordered the Arabian Sea on the West, The Gurpur river flows to the
East of the project site. The project site could be reached from Mangalore city by road
and Bengre Ferry line. The Estuary of the Gurpur and Nethravthi river lies on the
Southern side of the project site. An area of 7 Km radius surrounding the proposed site
was considered as the study area.

2.2.1 Project site Photos
2.2.2 Climatic condition
The climate in the region of the proposed project area i.e., Bengre village region is
tropical. Most months of the year are marked by significant rainfall. The short dry
season has little impact. This climate is considered to be Tropical Monsoon climate –
‘Am’ according to the Koppen-Geiger climate classification. The average annual
temperature in Bengre village is 27.1°C and the precipitation averages to 3781 mm.

2.2.3 Rainfall:
The normal annual rainfall over the district varies from about 3000 mm to about 3900
mm. It is the minimum in the southern and south western parts of the district. About
85% of the annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon months i.e., June to August. Post -
monsoon season yields about 8% and the balance of annual rainfall from December to
March. This district on the West Coast of India experiences a typical maritime climate.
The district is marked by heavy rainfall, high humidity and oppressive weather in hot
season. Generally, the weather is hot and humid throughout the year. In the eastern
part of the district i.e., along the Western Ghats, the weather is comparatively cooler
than in the western coastal areas. The relative humidity varies from 65 to 96 percent
during the winter season period between December 2016 and February 2017.
2.2.4 Regional geology
Mangalore is situated on the backwaters formed by convergent mouths of Netravathi

and Gurpura rivers; consequently it has waters on south and west sides. It is 350 Kms
west of the Bangalore & lies between the Western Ghats to the east and the sea to the
west. The geology of the district is characterized by hard laterite in hilly tracts and
sandy soil along the seashore. It receives gentle breeze from the Arabian Sea in summer,
but lashed by the furious rain-bearing winds during the monsoon (June to September).
Mangalore is blessed with abundant rivers-Netravati, Gurpur, Gangolli, Sitanadi and
Swarnanadi. The rich alluvial deposits on either side of the river banks provide fertile
soil for paddy cultivation. Sheltered by the soaring Western Ghats on the east and
bordered by the blue waters of the Arabian Sea, Mangalore is blessed with abundant
groves of arecanut and coconut palms, rainfall, fertile soil, lush vegetation; pristine
beaches and a rich culture.

2.2.5 Coastal Zone Biodiversity
Coastal ecosystems are the world’s most productive; here sunlight saturates the
shallow, nutrient rich coastal waters. Algal beds, seagrass meadows, reefs, estuaries and
mangroves provide food and shelter for vast quantities of fish, shellfish, and other
marine organisms. Because of the high productivity and the transportation facilities,
including the trans-oceanic, this coastal zone has been densely populated since ancient
times.
2.2.6 Soil Type
The soil in the district is mostly lateritic type, found distributed in the Pediplain area
characterised by high iron and aluminium content. Lateritic soil is mostly red in colour
and yellow loamy, pale to bright red colors are also seen. Lateritic soil is suitable for
Paddy, Sugarcane, Arecanut and Plantation crops, viz. crops like Cardamom &
plantains. Loamy red soils are distributed in the lower reaches of valleys. Red lateritic
soil is the most dominant soil type in the area. The texture of the soil varies from fine to
coarse. The soil in valleys and intermediate slopes is rich in loam whereas in upper
slopes it is much coarse in nature. The soil responds well to irrigation and other soil -
management practices. Silty and loamy soils are of transported origin and are found
mostly along river banks and in valley plains. They have good infiltration capacity and
are well-suited for agriculture due to their fertility.
2.2.7 Drainage Pattern
Major Drainages are Netravathi, Gurpur, Kumaradhara, Payaswini and Shambhavi.

The drainage area of the Gurpur river basin is 837 km2 which lies between latitudes
12o52’ – 13o11’N and longitude 74o48’ – 75o17’E in Dakshina Kannada district, southern
Karnataka, India. It is a sixth-order stream with a total length of ~87 km channel.
Geologically the basin area is overlaid by the Pliocene to recent laterite capped plateaus

and alluvium over the gneisses and continental type of sedimentary deposits with
dolerite and norite dikes. The basin consists of gneisses of the peninsular geneissic
complex with enclaves of high grade supracrystals. The average annual maximum
temperature is 320 C and minimum is 210 C. Annual average rainfall is ~3785 mm. Of
which about 80% is received during the southwest monsoon (June - August) months.
Fig 2.3: Area of 7 Km radius surrounding the proposed site
2.2.8 Seismicity:
The seismic hazard map of India was

updated in 2000 (5) by the Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS). According to the new map,
the state of Karnataka lies in Zones II and
III. The Dakshina Kannada district is
moderately earthquake-prone region and
categorized as Seismic Zone III.
Fig 2.4: Seismic map of India showing

Hazard Zones

2.2.9 Golf course development:
It is proposed to develop an eighteen (18) holes PGA standard golf course. The area for
the development of the golf course will be 460006.17 Sqm (113.67 Acres). This will
reduce the level of soil erosion from wind and water and the dust generated during the
preparation of the area. The Golf course comprises of roughs, fairways, tees,
greens. The roughs will be irrigated twice a week during the non rainy months and
fairways, greens, tees every alternate day including summer during the non rainy
months. In addition we will be using a salt resistant grass which not be affected in case
the tide water overflow onto the course. To irrigate the golf course only treated
wastewater will be used in order to reduce the fresh water demand. Hence no fresh
water is required. And also the golf course will not be irrigated during the monsoon
season as the grass will survive on the monsoon rain itself. In case it doesn’t rain for 3
days then nominal water will be used on the greens, tees during the monsoon months.
The average water demand for the golf course is of 700 to 800 KLD as per site
conditions.
2.3 Water requirement details
2.3.1 During construction phase:

Water requirement is about 70 KLD (including construction activity & domestic),
considering ~ 400 labours, which will be deployed at the peak construction period. The
water requirement for the construction activities would be 50 KLD and domestic water
requirement for labours will be 20 KLD.
2.3.2 During operation phase:

The estimated total water demand for project is about 130 KLD, out of which 70 KLD
fresh water demand & 60 KLD will be met through treated water supply for
landscaping, flushing & partial HVAC cooling. It is proposed to establish STP capacity
is 115 KLD to treat the sewage generated from the Resort.

2.4 Water Balance Chart:

2.5 Power requirement
The total power demand for the proposed project will be 1500 KVA and will be met by
Mangaluru Electricity Supply Company (MESCOM).
2.5.1 Backup Power Supply System:

In order to meet emergency power requirements during the grid failure, it is proposed
to install 1 no. of DG set of capacity 1500 KVA which acts as 100% back up of Power and
in that connection will be given for Fire Safety and PHE Pumps. As an addition energy
conservation plan, the project is proposed to implement solar harvesting methods for
the future development.
2.6 Waste water treatment facility
The Environmental Management Plan in the operational phase endeavors to mitigate

the impacts on the environment in order to meet the statutory requirements. The
wastewater generated from the domestic and the food courts will be treated in sewage
treatment plant with details as below and the treated water will be used for gardening
toilet flushing etc within project premises. It is expected that 16 KLD of waste water will
be generated from labour during construction phase, which will be disposed off in
Mobile STP.
During the operation phase, the ultimate water requirement considering all planned
developments is expected to be 130 KLD. This includes water requirement for domestic
activities and landscape development purposes of the entire development, once fully
become operational.
2.7 Solid Waste Management:
The solid waste generated from the proposed project will be disposed as per MSW
Rules 2016. Quantity of Solid waste generated for the proposed project is estimated to
be 800 Kg/Day. The construction debris generated during the construction phase will

be used within the project site for leveling & back filling the low laying area. The total
quantity of such waste produced is estimated based on 0.425 kg per day per capita. The
solid waste generation is estimated as follows:
Table 2.1: Estimation of solid waste generation
Source Population Per capita generation of waste (kg/d) Total waste (kg/d)
Resort 300 0.45 135

Staff 350 0.2 70
Spa 20 0.2 4
Convention centre 2500 0.2 500
Golf club 250 0.2 50
Total 759~ 800
2.8 Project cost
The total cost of the proposed project is 175 Crores including Building construction,
landscape area and golf course development cost.

3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3.0 Study Area
An area of 7 Km radius surrounding the proposed site was considered as the study
area. This chapter comprises the description of the existing environmental status of the
study area with reference to the prominent environmental components. The existing
environmental setting is considered to judge the baseline conditions which are
described with respect to climate, hydro-geological aspects, atmospheric conditions,
water quality, soil quality, ecology, socio-economic profile, land-use pattern, places of
archaeological importance etc.
3.1 Study Period
This report presents the primary data generated during the study period Winter
(December 2016 to February 2017) and the secondary data collected from various
Government and semi-Government organizations. Secondary data, from various
scientific studies conducted in the study area by various organizations, has also been
collected, compiled and interpreted.
Table 3.1: Salient Features of Baseline Environmental Studies
Attribute Parameter Frequency of Monitoring

Micro - Wind details like speed & 3 months data has been
meteorological direction, Temperature, collected to assess air
Studies Relative Humidity and pollution impacts on the
Rainfall. surrounding environment.
Ambient Air Quality PM 10 3 months data has been
PM 2.5 collected to assess baseline
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Air Quality status of the area.
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Noise Quality Data Noise levels 3 months data has been

collected to identify noise
producing areas.
Water Quality, Soil Physical & Chemical To establish baseline Water
Quality Data and parameters along with Quality, Soil Quality for
Land Use pattern. measurement of heavy metals future reference and Land
and land use parameters. Use Pattern in the area.
Socio-Economic & Socio-Economic parameters To know the present Socio-
Demographic Economic status of the study
Studies area.
3.2 Wind speed and direction assessment
The predominant wind direction during Winter 2016-17 is from East to West direction
with average wind speed between 4.48 m/s. Maximum relative humidity value is
around 98 per cent. Minimum temperature recorded is 22.8 °C and Maximum
temperature is 27 °C. The Wind Rose diagram for the study period i.e., Winter 2016-17
is given in Fig- 3.3 The Frequency Distribution for the month of December 2016, January
and February 2017 are given in Annexure 2. The details pertaining to Maximum &
Minimum Temperature, Relative Humidity, Rainfall, Wind Speed and Wind Direction
for the months of December 2016, January and February 2017 are given in Annexure 3
respectively.

NORTH
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
WEST EAST
WIND SPEED
(m/s)
>= 11.1
8.8 - 11.1
5.7 - 8.8
SOUTH
3.6 - 5.7
2.1 - 3.6
0.5 - 2.1
Calms: 1.48%
Fig 3.1: Wind rose diagram for the winter season December 2016 to February 2017
3.3 Air Environment

Important factors governing the locations of the sampling stations are the particular
method of instrument used for sampling, resources available, physical access and
security against loss and tampering. Air quality monitoring should be done in areas
where pollution problem is expected. The objective of monitoring is to determine status
and trends of air quality in the region so as to compare their levels and determine
trends after the implementation of the project.

In general the following requirements are met for conducting environmental

monitoring.
 Height of the inlet maintained at 3m to 10m above the ground level.
 The sampler kept at a distance of more than 20m from trees.
 Distance of the sampler to any air flow obstacle i.e. buildings, maintained at
more than two times the height of the obstacle above the sampler.
 Unrestricted airflow was maintained.
The existing Ambient Air Quality scenario in the study region has been assessed by
establishing a network of 3 Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations in the Buffer
Zone and 2 monitoring locations within the project site. Design of monitoring network
of the air quality surveillance program was based on the following considerations.
 Topography / Terrain of the study area

 Human Settlements
 Wind Pattern
 Representation of Regional Background Levels
 Accessibility of Monitoring Site
 Resource Availability
Pre-calibrated Combined Dust Samplers (PM10 & PM2.5) has been used for monitoring
the existing AAQ status. Significant parameters viz., Particulate Matter (size less than 10
µm and less than 2.5 µm - PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2),
Hydro carbons and VOC were monitored in the Core and Buffer Zones. Ambient Air
Quality locations are given in Table 3.2 and Fig 3.2

Table 3.2: Ambient Air Quality Locations with Distance
Code Name of Sampling Location

Core Zone
A-1 Project Site 1,Opp. Coast Guard Ship Station
A-2 Port Warf, Kasba Bazar, Bundar
Buffer Zone
A-3 Sultan Battery area
A-4 Hotel River View, Bangra, Kulur
A-5 KIOCL, Junction on NH-66
Fig3.2: Baseline Air monitoring locations

3.3.1 Baseline Ambient Air Quality status

At all the sampling locations PM10 and PM2.5 as well as gaseous pollutants like SO2,
and NOx were monitored within the study area. The data collected was subjected to
statistical analysis like minimum, maximum and average. The air quality at individual
sampling locations is described in the following sections below. The air quality analysis
reports are attached as Annexure 4.
3.3.1.1 Location 1 @ Project Site

The Observed levels of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX collected during the study period of
Winter 2016-17 season. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX collected during
the Winter 2016-17 season are represented graphically in Fig 3.3. Average concentration
of both particulate matter and gaseous pollutants are within the NAAQS. Maximum
concentration of PM10 is observed at this location compared with the concentrations of
other pollutants.
A1:Project site 1 Opp. Coast Guard Ship

Station
Concentration, µg/Nm3
40
30
20
10
0
SO₂ NO₂ PM₁₀ PM₂.₅
Min 4.83 8.77 3.13 8.33
Max 12.65 16.53 35.63 14.75
Avg 7.04 13.29 25.43 10.74
Fig 3.3: Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Project site

3.3.1.2 Port Warf, Kasba Bazar,Bundar
The observed levels of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX collected during the study period of
Winter 2016-17 season. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX collected during
the Winter 2016-17 season are represented graphically in Fig 3.4. Average
concentrations of both particulate matter and gaseous pollutants are within the
NAAQS. Maximum concentration of PM10 is observed at this location compared with
the concentrations of other pollutants.
A2: Port Warf, Kasba Bazar, Bundar

50
40
30
20
10
0
Min 6 8.49 22.25 8.18
Max 17.15 19 45.13 18
Avg 10.55 13.69 31.05 10.54
Fig 3.4: Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Port Warf, Kasba
Bazar,Bundar.
3.3.1.3 Sultan Battery area
Winter 2016-17season. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX collected during the
Winter 2016-17season are represented graphically in Fig 3.5. Average concentrations of
both particulate matter and gaseous pollutants are within the NAAQS. Maximum
other pollutants.

A3: Sultan Battery area
40
30
20
10
0
Min 4.19 8.87 11.38 5.38
Max 11.25 15.6 30.13 20.38
Avg 7.38 12.10 20.23 11.57
Fig 3.5: Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Sultan Battery area
3.3.1.4 Hotel River View, Bangra, Kulur
other pollutants.
Hotel River View, Bangra, Kulur

40
30
20
10
0
Min 4.84 8.56 12.88 5.75
Max 10.48 15.59 33.25 20
Avg 7.43 11.95 21.86 12.28
Fig 3.6: Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Hotel River View, Bangra

3.3.1.5 KIOCL, Junction on NH-66
other pollutants.
KIOCL, Junction on NH-66

60
40
20
0
Min 5.25 9.81 35.88 11.88
Max 26.33 27 56.88 28.33
Avg 13.52 15.87 47.10 19.57
Fig 3.7: Graphical representation of baseline air quality at KIOCL, Junction on NH-66
3.3.1.6 Observation/Interpretation
The NAAQ Standards for PM10, PM2.5 an gaseous pollutants SO2 and NO2 are given in
the Table 3.2 below.
Table 3.2: NAAQ Standards for air pollutants
Pollutant NAAQ Standard in µg/Nm3

PM10 100
PM2.5 60
SO2 80
NO2 80

The results of the analysis show that, the baseline air quality of all monitoring locations
sampled in the core and buffer zones of the study area are well within the limits
stipulated by the pollution control board, although utmost care will be taken to control
and mitigate the air pollution by adopting methods as proposed in the environmental
management plan.
3.4 Water Environment
The existing water resources, both surface and ground water with the corresponding
significance are identified within the study area (7 km radial distance) around project
site. The representative sampling locations for surface water and groundwater are
selected through reconnaissance to assess the existing status of water quality in the
impact zone. Physico-chemical, nutrient, Oxygen demand, bacteriological and
biological parameters having relevance to public health and aesthetic significance are
selected to assess the water quality status with special attention to raw water resource
and to evaluate anticipated impact due to the project activities. The proposed project
comes in CRZ II area. The project region falls in the western coastal plains and ghats
agroclimatic zone with mean annual rainfall of more than 200cm.
The water samples were collected from the available ground water and surface water
sources and have been analyzed to assess the quality of water. The locations showing
Surface and Ground Water monitoring stations is given in Fig 3.8.
3.4.1 Ground and Surface Water Quality

The samples were collected and analyzed as per the procedures specified in IS:3025 and
compared with the standards for drinking water quality as per IS:10500 applicable for
ground and surface water respectively. Physico-chemical parameters along with
microbiological indicators of pollution have been analyzed for assessing the baseline
status of water environment and identification of impacts due to the project activity.
The water sampling locations are given in Table 3.3 and the analysis results are

presented in Table 3.5 and Fig. 3.6. Water sample analysis reports are attached as
Annexure 5.
Table 3.3 Water Sampling Locations

Sl. No. Code Sampling Location Type of water
1 SW1 Estuarine water at Port Warf Surface water
2 SW2 Gurupur river water(Brackish) at Surface water
Sultan Battery
3 SW3 Gurupur river water at Hotel River Surface water
View
4 SW4 Gurupur river water(brackish) at Surface water
KIOCL Junction
5 GW1 Project site 1 Ground water
Fig 3.8: Baseline Water monitoring locations

Table 3.4 Analysis Result of Groundwater samples

Standard IS 10500: 2012
Concentration,
Parameters Acceptable limit, Permissible
mg/L
mg/L limit, mg/L
Chlorides, as Cl 16 250 1000
Total Hardness as
52 300 600
CaCO₃
Calcium as Ca 42 75 200
Magnesium as Mg 10 30 100
Total Suspended
12 -- 100
Solids
Total Dissolved
922 500 2000
Solids
Fluoride as F 0.1 1 1.5
Sulphate as SO₄ 11 200 400
Nitrate as NO₃ 4 45 --
Iron as Fe 0.1 0.3 1
Alkalinity as CaCO₃ 4 200 600
Table 3.5 Analysis Result of Surface water samples at different locations

Concentration, mg/L Standard IS 10500: 2012
Parameters Acceptable Permissible
SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4
limit limit
Chlorides, as Cl 222 157 174 193 250 1000
Total Hardness as
1118 941 1006 1050 300 600
CaCO₃
Calcium as Ca 945 810 862 895 75 200
Magnesium as Mg 173 131 144 155 30 100
Total Suspended
311 206 244 285 -- 100
Solids

Total Dissolved Solids 18622 16550 17186 17844 500 2000
Fluoride as F 3 1.2 1.6 2 1 1.5
Sulphate as SO₄ 3652 3100 3242 3460 200 400
Nitrate as NO₃ 190 144 151 175 45 --

Iron as Fe 4.6 8.2 21 25.4 0.3 1
Alkalinity as CaCO₃ 18 11 11 15 200 600
3.4.2 Observation/Interpretation of baseline water quality results.

The results show that, the baseline water quality of all monitoring locations sampled in
the core and buffer zones of the study area are well within the limits stipulated by the
pollution control board, although utmost care will be taken to control and mitigate the
water pollution and proper drainage will also be provided.
3.5 Soil environment
The soil is mostly lateritic type, found distributed in the Pediplain area characterised by
high iron and aluminium content. Lateritic soil is mostly red in color and yellow loamy,
pale to bright red colours are also seen. The normal mineral compositions of site are
altered by alteration in soil condition. Existence of flora & fauna depends upon the
quality of soil in the area. The soil characteristics like physical, chemical, erosion index,
soil fertility has bearing on the surrounding environment. Therefore the quality of soil
plays a major role in planning proper mitigative measures and green belt development
by the project proponent and also for the construction of building for different
purposes.
Five locations were selected for analyzing the soil quality status both in core & buffer
zone. The soil samples were collected from the buffer areas. The samples have been
analyzed for physico-chemical parameters. The details of the soil sampling locations

with distance from the core zone are given in Table. 3.6. The locations showing soil
monitoring stations is given in Fig 3.9.
Table 3.6: Soil Sampling Locations
Code Name of Sampling Location
S1 Project site, Tannerbavi
S2 Port Warf, Kasba Bazar
S3 Sultan Battery, Boloor
S4 Hotel River View, Kuloor
S5 KIOCL Junction, Panambur
Fig 3.9: Baseline soil monitoring locations.

Table 3.7: Soil Analysis Report

SL. Parameters Results
No. S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
1 pH 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.7
2 Conductivity-20%Suspension 544 2275 2070 1944 2100
(µmhos/cm)
3 Moisture (%) 0.8 2.4 1.6 1.4 1.2
4 Organic matter (%) 2.5 3.6 3 2.6 3.2
5 Chloride as Cl (mg/Kg) 61 98 71 64 81
6 Phosphorous as P(%) 2 32 2.6 2.2 3
7 Nitrogen as N (%) 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.6 1
8 Calcium as Ca (%) 2.5 6.2 5.8 5.3 6
9 Magnesium as Mg (%) 0.6 1 0.6 0.5 0.8
10 Potassium as K (%) 0.4 1.5 0.8 0.7 0.6
11 5 12 36 61 137
Iron as Fe (mg/Kg)
12 Silica (%) 90.3 81 84.8 86.7 85.2
13 Sulphate(mg/Kg) 222 522 400 321 433
14 Soil type Sand Sand Humus Humus Sand
15 Lead (mg/Kg) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
16 Nickel (mg/Kg) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
17 Chromium (mg/Kg) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
18 Cobalt (mg/Kg) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
BDL-Below Detectable Limit (< 0.1 mg/Kg)
The conclusion on the soil quality of different locations is as follows:
 pH varies from 7.4 to 7.7
 The Nitrogen content varies from 0.6 to 1.1 %
 High phosphorous content 32% is obtained at the location Port Warf,
Kasba Bazar
 The Potassium concentration varies from 0.4 to 1.5%
The soil quality analysis report is given as Annexure 6.

3.5.1 Observation/ Interpretation of baseline soil quality results.

The results show that, the baseline soil quality of all monitoring locations sampled in
soil pollution from the proposed activity.
3.6 Noise environment

The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency.
Noise in general is unwanted/un-desired sound, which is composed of many frequency
components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Various
noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an
average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different
loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A weighted
scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 to
20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise according
to the response of a human ear. The impact of noise sources on surrounding community
depends on:
 Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in
nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one, which is
continuously varying in loudness
 The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in
residential areas, are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and
 The location of the noise source, with respect to sensitive land use, which
determines the loudness.
The locations showing noise monitoring stations with distance within 7 km radius of
the study area is given in Fig 3.10.

Fig 3.10: Baseline noise monitoring locations
The noise levels were monitored using an electronic sound level meter for winter
season at different sites. The noise levels measured at 5 locations in the months of
December 2016, January 2017 and February 2017 and the results obtained are given
below in Table 3.8, 3.9& 3.10 and the graphical representation of the same are given in
Fig. 3.11, 3.12 & 3.13. The analysis report of noise samples for the months of December,
January and February 2016 collected from five locations in core and buffers zones of the
study area are enclosed as Annexure No. 7
Table 3.8: Measured Noise Values in the month of December 2016

Noise level, decibel
Date Location
Lmin Day Lmax Day Leq Day
20.12.2016 Project site 1 52.3 58.8 58.72
21.12.2016 Port Warf, Kasba Bazar 56 63.4 56.9
26.12.2016 Sultan Battery area 52 59.8 55.91
27.12.2016 Hotel River View, Bangra 52.8 62.2 60.9
27.12.2016 KIOCL, Junction on NH-66 57 58.8 55.89

Table 3.9: Measured Noise Values in the month of January 2017

Date Location
18.01.2017 Project site 1 52.2 58.8 58.67
20.01.2017 Sultan Battery area 52.1 59.8 55.89
21.01.2017 Hotel River View, Bangra 52.8 89.4 60.11
Table 3.10: Measured Noise Values in the month of February 2017

Date Location
24.02.2017 Project site 1 52.3 58.8 58.72
26.02.2017 Sultan Battery area 52.1 59.8 55.91
23.02.2017 Hotel River View, Bangra 52.8 59 60.09
Noise Level- December 2016

70
60
Noise level, dB
50
40
30 Lmin Day
20 Lmax Day
10
0 Leq Day
Project site 1 Port Warf, Sultan Battery Hotel River KIOCL, Junction
Kasba Bazar area View, Bangra on NH-66
Location
Fig 3.11: Graphical representation of Noise Measurement – December 2016

Noise Level- January 2017

100
80
Noise level, dB
60
Lmin Day
40
Lmax Day
20 Leq Day
0
Location
Fig 3.12: Graphical representation of Noise Measurement – January 2017
Noise Level- February 2017

70
60
Noise level, dB
50
40
30 Lmin Day
20 Lmax Day
10
Leq Day
0
Location
Fig 3.13: Graphical representation of Noise Measurement – February 2017
3.6.1 Observation/Interpretation of baseline noise quality results

The results show that, the baseline noise quality of all monitoring locations sampled in

noise generation during the construction and operation of the proposed project.
3.7 Biological environment
An ecosystem is a very complex entity with many interactive components. It can be

defined as "a system of complex interactions of populations between themselves and with their
environment" or as "the joint functioning and interaction of these two
compartments (populations and environment) in a functional unit of variable size" (Odum,
1975; Ellenberg, 1973; Nybakken, 1982; Scialabba, 1998). Natural ecosystem is a
structural and functional unit of nature. Its components exist in harmony and survive
by inter-dependence. Ecosystems have self-sustaining ability and control the number of
organisms at any level by cybernetic rules. The effects are such that an ecosystem does
not become imbalanced.
The middle of the 18th century saw birth of industrialization, which increased during
19th & 20th century and exploded in 21st century. The resources produced over and
sustained for thousands of years were exploited and squandered for the luxuries of few
humans. An unsustainable exploitation of resources has exploded pollution, so was the
inevitable result. Thus, a chain of events of exploitation consumption- pollution-
depletion and further exploitation started responding the imbalance and determination
of ecological system.
Developing economies like India is in transition and undergoes huge changes in the
industrial landscape, The expanding industrial landscape in India requires to strike a
balance between industrial development and physical environment so as to reduce the
intensity of the impacts of the industrialisation on the environment.
Objectives
Following are the objectives of the study:
• To generate baseline data from field observations;

• To compare the data so generated with authentic past records to understand changes;
• To characterize the environmental components like land, water, flora and fauna;
• To understand the present biodiversity;
• To identify susceptible sensitive and critical areas (environmental hotspots);
• To understand impact of industrial activities on the flora and fauna;
• To predict changes as a result of impact in the composition and functioning of
components of the ecosystem.
3.7.1 Approach and methodology

Approach
In response to Proposed Construction of Beach Resort and Golf Course at Sy.Nos. 1/P1,
1/P2, 1/P3, 51/P1 & 52/P2 at Bengre village, Mangaluru Taluk, Dakshin Kannada,
Karnataka State., inventory and mapping of biodiversity was undertaken on Winter
2016-17 for 7 km radius of Impact study. The region considering its proximity to the
Western Ghats, one of the eight hottest biodiversity hotspots of the world
(http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/biodiversity). Opportunistic and all out search methods of flora
and fauna were carried out for this study. Local residents were also consulted for
mammal inventory, apart from our study. Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems with
various landscapes viz., wetlands, rivers, streams, paddy fields, forests, soppina betta
(haadi), scrub jungle and sacred grooves were considered in this study.
A participatory and consultative approach was followed for executing the assignment
on Biodiversity assessment of the project site and adjacent region in consultation with,
front line officials of the Forest Department and local villagers on existing biodiversity
of the region and the forest management aspects. Literature survey included review of
forest working plan and other published records related to biodiversity and ecology of
the region.

Methodology
We have examined the flora and fauna of Thannir Bhavi, Dhakshin Kannada District,
Mangalore Taluk, Karnataka. The Proposed Site is in CRZ Classification (CRZ - II). We
have gone around the core area and a seven kilometre of buffer zone around all the
direction of the Proposed Site and recorded the flora and fauna and recorded the
biodiversity falling in River basin, stream area, agricultural bunds, forest area, avenue
plantations, house backyards etc.,. In each of the land use, we have identified the
species and recorded. Besides recording the plant species, other biodiversity aspects in
the form of endemic status, conservation status and life form have been collected from
the literature.
Vegetation : All out search method was carried out in all landscape elements of the
region enlisting grass, sedges, herbs, climbers, lianas, shrubs and trees. Species were
identified on the spot.
3.7.2 Salient features of the study area
South Canara district is one of 30 districts of the state Karnataka, India. The district has
a cross-section (Western Ghats) of Karnataka’s natural attributes; Mangalore is situated
on the backwaters formed by convergent mouths of Netravathi and Gurpura rivers;
consequently it has waters on south and west sides. It is 350 Kms west of the Bangalore
& lies between the Western Ghats to the east and the sea to the west. It is lulled by the
gentle breeze of the Arabian Sea in summer, but lashed by the furious rain-bearing
winds during the monsoon (June to September). Mangalore is blessed with abundant
rivers – Netravati, Gurpur, Gangolli, Sitanadi and Swarnanadi. The rich alluvial
deposits on either side of the river banks provide fertile soil for paddy cultivation.
Sheltered by the soaring Western Ghats on the east and bordered by the blue waters of
the Arabian Sea, Mangalore is blessed with abundant groves of areca nut and coconut
palms, rainfall, fertile soil, lush vegetation; pristine beaches and rich cultural heritage.

 Area : 4866 Sq. Kms.

 Population : 18,96,403 (2001 Census)
 Location : Longitude ranges from 74°49’5.901” to 74°49’44.83” East and
Latitude ranges from 12°50’50.3” to 12°52’14.136” North
 Climate : (June to November) - Max. 280C Min. 260C
(December to May) - Max. 340C Min. 320C
 Average Rainfall: 3875 mm. (Mostly in the months of June to September)
The coastal zone in Karnataka has been endowed with 320 km of coastline from Ullal in
south to Majali in north with 27,000 sq.km of continental shelf and 87,000 sq.km and
Exclusive Economic Zone. There are 26 estuaries with more than 70,000 Ha. of water-
spread area and 8000 Ha of brackish water area, making the three coastal districts of
Karnataka very rich in marine, estuarine and riverine biodiversity. Strictly speaking it is
difficult to delimit Karnataka’s coastal zone. The Western Ghats, which run parallel to
the coastline is indeed an integral part of the coast. Fourteen rivers which originate in
these Ghats run westward and join the Arabian Sea. These rivers carry silt and organic
debris from the forested hinterland into the estuarine areas and the coastal sea and
contribute greatly to the productivity and diversity of the coastal ecosystems. The tides
travel long distances, even 20-30 kms interior, through many of these rivers, making the
saline aquatic habitat suitable for several marine and estuarine organisms. The forests of
the hinterlands, almost 20 to 30 kms interior.
Major Soils : Shallow red soils & Sandy loam soils
Irrigation : Gross Irrigated & Rainfed area
Major crops cultivated : Paddy, Blackgram & Greengram
Major crops-Fruits : Banana, Mango, Jack fruit, Pine apple & Sapota
Major crops-Vegetables : Brinjal, Greenchilly, Sweet potato, Bhendi &
Cucumber
Medicinal & Aromatic crops : Lemon grass, Coleus Forksholl, Long Pepper &
Kokum

Major Plantation crops : Arecanut, Coconut, Cashew, Pepper & cocoa

Major Animal Husbandry : Cattles, Buffaloes, Sheep, Goats and Pigs
3.7.3 Coastal Zone Biodiversity
Coastal ecosystems are the world’s most productive; here sunlight saturates the
shallow, nutrient rich coastal waters. Algal beds, seagrass meadows, reefs, estuaries and
mangroves provide food and shelter for vast quantities of fish, shellfish, and other
marine organisms. Because of the high productivity and the transportation facilities,
including the trans-oceanic, this coastal zone has been densely populated since ancient
times.
3.7.4 Project Components

To achieve the objectives of the project, the following components were envisaged
1. Survey of Biodiversity Resources
a. Survey and documentation of Mangroves, Psammophytes, Wetlands and Agro
Biodiversity of Coastal Karnataka.
b. Flora including agricultural and Forestry, Livestock Biodiversity.
c. Fauna both marine and freshwater, Birds and Butterfly, Odonates Biodiversity.
The following biodiversity eco-systems were surveyed and characterized along with
threats and pressures.
1. Mangrove vegetation
2. Estuaries Biodiversity
3. Fresh Water Biodiversity
4. Marine Biodiversity
5. Coastal Vegetation (Psamophytic species).
6. Coastal ecologically sensitive habitats.

3.7.5 Plant Biodiversity of the Study Area
Sea coast: The coastline includes both rocky and sandy beaches as well as about 5 Kms
broad coastal zone. Vegetation was studied which include the beaches, agricultural
lands, human habitations, forests, grasslands and other natural or manmade vegetation.
Estuaries, creeks and other backwaters. The coastal landscape is heterogeneous and
contains of vegetational elements, such as: Evergreen forest, semi-evergreen forest;
secondary moist deciduous forest, scrub, mangroves, beach vegetation, planted groves
of trees, horticultural gardens, agricultural fields where various crops are cultivated,
grasslands, household gardens.
Table 3.11: Agro Biodiversity of Domesticated Crops

SI.No. Scientific name Local name
Commercial Crops
1 Areca catechu Adike
2 Cocos nucifera Tengina Kai
3 Piper nigrum Kalu menasu
4 Piper betel Vilyadele
5 Vanilla planifera Vanilla
6 Anacardium occidentale Cashew
Ornamental Crops
1 Mammia surugi Surugi
2 Polyialthia longifolia Ashoka
3 Cestrum nocturnum Ratri raani
4 Jasminum spp. Jagi hoovu
5 Euphorbia pulcherrima
6 Crossandra infundibuliformis Abbalge
7 Mimosops elangi Ranjalu
8 Hibiscus rosasinensis Dasavala

9 Hibiscus spp Dasavala

10 Calotropis gigantean Ekkada hoovu
11 Rosa multiflora Rose
12 Bambusa vulgaris Yellow Bamboo
13 Coleus spp
14 Bryophyllum spp
Medicinal plant
1 Mucuna pruriens Kuli belu
2 Wattakaka valubilis Katsi
3 Beynia retusa Hooli
4 Calotropis gigantean Yekkada gida
5 Ocimum spp. Luvunga tulsi
6 Atalantia spp Armunde kai
7 Hygrophila spinosa Kanti mullu
gida
8 Cordia oblique Challeannu
9 Sauvrapusandrogynus Chakramuni
10 Clitoria ternatea Shankapushpa
11 Capsicum anum Gandhari
menasu
12 Cassia occidentalia
13 Xanthoxylum retusi Jummana kai
14 Monochoria vaginalis Neerabasle
15 Celosia argentia Bendole arve
16 Emblica officinalis Nelli kai
17 Costus speciosus Kori juttu
18 Apama siliquosa Chakrani beru
19 Averrhoa bilimbi Bimbuli huli

20 Hemidesmus indicus Sugandhi beru

21 Gymnema sylvestre
22 Janki beru
23 Ventilago madraspatna Aithal
24 Strychbos nux-vomica Kasarka
25 Aristolochia tagala Ishwara beru
26 Salacia chinensis Ekanayakana
beru
27 Glochidion malabaricum Madyal soppu
28 Cyclea peltate Padrande
29 Gnetum ula Nokate
30 Sida Bala
Agro forestry
1 Dalbergia latifolia Beete mara
2 Pterocarpus marsupium Hooru honne
3 Pterocarpus spp. Kadu honne
4 Sapindus emarginatus Antuwala
5 Caryota urens Bayne mara
6 Tamarindus indica Hunse mara
7 Lagertroemia lanceolata Nandi mara
8 Acacia auriculiformis Akesia
9 Casuarina equisetifolia Gali mara
10 Bambusa spp. Bamboo
11 Emblica officinalis Nelli
12 Vateria indica Bili Dhupa
13 Ficus recemosa Hatti mara
14 Ficus bengalensis Alada mara
15 Carissa carandas Kavle kai

16 Zingiber spp. Kukkase gida

17 Careya arborea Anchuvali
18 Xanthoxylum Jumma
Weeds
1 Mimosa Pudica Muttidare muni
2 Cassia tora Chagta
3 Parthenium hysteroporus Parthenium
4 Chromolaena odorata Eupatorium
5 Leucas aspera Thumbe
6 Clerodendron viscosum Thaggi
7 Breynia spp. Hooli
8 Typha angustifolia Nore
9 Eclipta prostrate Garga
10 Eleucina indica Huida jaddu
3.7.6 Faunal Biodiversity of the Study Area

To study the faunal diversity component of coastal biodiversity, it was proposed to take
up the coastal fauna such as marine resources and fresh water fauna. More than a dozen
river originating in the Western Ghats open into the Arabian Sea, rendering the inshore
waters in nutrients and plankton. Netravathi & Gurupur rivers.
Fisheries: Fishing in Marine, Inland, Brackish water & Fresh water; Major type of
fish catch are Oil Sardine, Mackerel, Ribbon fish, Pink pearch, Prawns,
Squilla, Squids & Cuttlefish.

Table 3.12: Marine Fishes of economic importance to Mangalore
S.No Common Name Scientific Name Family

1 Indian Scad Decapterus russelli Carangidae
2 Shortfin scad Decapterus macrosoma Carangidae
3 Black pomfret Parastromateus niger Carangidae
4 Indian oil sardine Sardinella longiceps Clupeidae
5 Spinycheek grouper Epinephelus diacanthus Serranidae
6 Malabar tonguesole Cynoglossus macrostomus Cynoglossidae
7 False trevally Lactarius lactarius Lactariidae
8 Orangefin ponyfish Leiognathus bindus Leiognathidae
9 Pugnose ponyfish Secutor insidator Leiognathidae
10 Indian Ocean Squid Uroteuthis duvauceli Loliginidae
11 Mauvelip threadfin bream Nemipterus mesoprion Nemipteridae
12 Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus Nemipteridae
13 Shrimp /Prawns Metapenaeus dobsoni Penaeidae
14 Shrimp /Prawns M.monoceros Penaeidae
15 Moontail bullseye Priacanthus hamrur Priacanthidae
16 Tigertooth croaker Otolithus rubber Sciaenidae
17 Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta Scombridae
Narrow-barred Spanish Scomberomorus
18 mackerel commerson Scombridae
19 The pharaoh cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis Sepiidae
20 Modest Rockcod Epinephelus modestus Serranidae
21 Dotted grouper Epinephelus epistictus Serranidae
22 Ridgeback shrimp S.choprai Solenoceridae
23 Greater lizardfish Saurida tumbil Synodontidae
24 Brushtooth lizardfish Saurida undosquamis Synodontidae
25 Largehead hairtail Trichurus lepturus Trichiuridae
Table 3.13: Odonate species recorded from selected localities

Scientific Name Common Name
Pseudagrion microcephalum Blue Grass Dartlet
Ceriagrion cerinorubellum Orange tailed Marsh dart

Brachythemis contaminate Ditch Jewel

Diplocodes trivialis Ground Skimmer
Ictinogomphus rapax Common Clubtail
Neurothemis tullia Pied Paddy Skimmer
Orthetrum Sabina Green Marsh Hawk
Trithemis aurora Crimson Marsh Glider
Rhyothemis variegate Common picture wing
Pantala flavescens Wandering glider
Crocothemis servilia Ruddy marsh skimmer
Table 3.14: Reptiles observed in the study area

Common name Scientific name
Skink Mobuya carinata
Checkered Keelback Xenochrophis piscatar (Schedule II)
Lizard sp. Calotes sp.
Skink Mobuya carinata
Table 3.15: Birds Observed in the region

S.No Common Name Scientfic Name Family
1 Black kite Milvus migrans Accipitridae
2 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadriidae
3 Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellus malabaricus Charadriidae
4 Grey-breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii Cisticolidae
5 Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis Columbidae
6 Rufous Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda Corvidae
7 White-cheecked barbet Megalaima viridis Megalaimidae
8 Brown-headed Barbet Megalaima zeylanica Megalaimidae
9 Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata Muscicapidae
10 Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus (Schedule I) Phasianidae
11 Vernal hanging parrot Loriculus vernalis Psittaculidae
12 Crested Lark Galerida cristata Alaudidae
13 Rufous-winged Bush-Lark Mirafra assamica Alaudidae

14 Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae
15 White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae
16 Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayii Ardeidae
17 Little egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae
18 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius Charadriidae
19 Whiskered Tern Childonias hybridus Chlidonias
20 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis Cisticolidae
21 Common tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius Cisticolidae
22 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis Coraciidae
23 Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae
24 House Crow Corvus splendens Corvidae
25 Greater coucal Centropus sinenis Cuculidae
26 Cuculidae Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Cuculidae
27 Thick-billed flowerpecker Dicaeum agile Dicaeidae
28 White-bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens Dicruridae
29 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicruridae
30 Black-headed Munia Lonchura Malacca Estrildidae
31 Scaly-breasted munia Lonchura punctulata Estrildidae
32 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Falconidae
33 Brown shrike Lanius cristatus Laniidae
34 Little Tern Sterna albifrons Laridae
35 Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus Leiothrichidae
36 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus Leiothrichidae
37 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis Meropidae
38 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus Meropidae
39 Asian Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi Monarchidae
40 Large Pied Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis Motacillidae
41 Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica Nectariniidae
42 Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus Oriolidae
43 House Sparrow Passer domesticus Passeridae
44 Grey Junglefowl Gallus sonneratii Phasianidae
45 Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides Phylloscopidae
46 Rufous Woodpecker Celeus brachyurus Picidae
Black Rumped flame Dinopium benghalense
47 backed woodpecker Picidae
48 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Ploceidae
49 Plum- headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Psittaculidae
50 Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria Psittaculidae

51 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri Psittaculidae

52 Red-whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Pycnonotidae
53 White-breasted waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus Rallidae
54 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Scolopacidae
55 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola Scolopacidae
56 Marsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis Scolopacidae
57 Common redshank Tringa tetanus Scolopacidae
58 Spotted owlet Athene brama Strigidae
59 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae
60 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops Upupidae
61 Rock pigeon Columba livia (Schedule IV) Columbidae
Table 3.16: Mammals observed in the region

Common name Scientific name WPA* 1972
Wild boar Sus scrofa Schedule III
Indian Hare Lepus nigricolis Schedule IV
Spotted deer Axis axis Schedule III
Porcupine Hystrix indica Schedule IV
Common mongoose Herpestes sp. Schedule II
Flying squirrel Petaurista philippensis Schedule II
3.7.7 Ecosystems Studies of Aquatic Flora & Fauna
Table 3.17: Ecosystems Studies of Aquatic Flora & Fauna

Ecosystem Flora Fauna Ecological Status
Marine Phytoplankton 1. Zooplankton Planktonic
Seaweeds, Sea 2. Invertebrates: all groups including Nektonic
grass, etc. commercially important mollusks, Benthic
crustaceans etc.
3.Vertebrates: all groups including
commercially important fishes etc.
4. Marine mammals & reptiles

Island Phytoplankton 1. Zooplankton Planktonic

Seaweeds, 2. Invertebrates: all groups including Nektonic
Seagrass, etc. commercially important mollusks, Benthic
crustaceans etc.
3. Vertebrates: all groups including
Estuarine Phytoplankton 1. Zooplankton Planktonic
Seaweeds, 2. Invertebrates: all groups including Nektonic
Seagrass, etc commercially important mollusks, Benthic
crustaceans etc.
Mangrove Phytoplankton 1. Zooplankton Planktonic
Plants 2. Invertebrates: all groups including Nektonic
commercially important mollusks, Benthic
crustaceans etc.
Freshwater Phytoplankton 1. Zooplankton Planktonic
(River) Seaweeds, 2. Invertebrates: all groups including Nektonic
Seagrass, etc. commercially important mollusks, Benthic
crustaceans etc.
Avian and Birds All groups of birds and butterflies Terrestrial

Butterfly Butterflies etc.
diversity

Table 3.18: Taxonomic distribution of phytoplankton observed in the Gurpura

estuary during the study period; (+++, indicates highly abundant; ++, moderately
abundant; +, present; -, absent)
Species Post Monsoon

DIATOMS
Achnanthus brevipes ++
A. inflate ++
Amphiprora sp. +
Amphora costata -
Asterionella japonica +
Bacillaria paradoxa -
Bacteriastrum varians +
Camphoradiscus sp. +
Chaetoceros curvisetus +
C. peruvianus +
Climacosphaenia moniligera -
Cocconies littoralis ++
Coscinodiscus curvatulus -
Cyclotella sp. +
Cymbella tumida +
Diploneis splendica -
D. subordiculoris +
D. lendica +
Fragilaria oceanic ++
Gamphonema parvulum -
Gramatophora undulate +
G. elongatum -

G. balticum +
Leptocylindricus sp. -
Licmophora gracillis +
Licmophora sp. -
Mastogloia splendia -
Melosira numuloides +
Melosira striata -
Navicula inflexa +
N. smithii -
Navicula sp. +
Nitzchia frigid -
N. lanceolata -
N. paleacea ++
N. panduriformis +
N. pungens +
N. sigma -
Nitzschia sp1 +
Nitzschia sp2 -
Pinularia viridis +
Pinularia sp. +
Pleurosigma anqulatum +
P. elongatum +
P. delicatum -
Pleurosigma sp. +
Progonoia sp. -
Pseudo-nitzschia sp. +
Raphoneis sp. +
Rhizosolania alata +

R. robusta +++
Rhizosolenia sp. -
Skeletonema costatum ++
Synedra sp. -
Thallassiothrix longissima +
Thalassiosira sp. +
Triceratium sp. +
CYANOBACTERIA
Anabaena sperica
Chroococcus sp. ++
Lyngbya martensiana +
Merismopedia sp. +++
Microcystis aureginosa -
Oscillatoria animalis -
O. cortiana +
O. lemnetica +
O. limosa +
Oscillatoria pseudogeminata -
O. brevis -
Oscillatoria salina
Oscillatoria tenius
Phormidium angustissimum +
Phormidium lucidu +
P. tenue
Plectonema boryanum +
Synechocystis salina +
DINOFLAGELLATES
Cerecium minutum +

Cerecium sp. -
Dinophysis coudata +
Noctiluca scintillans +
Prorocentrum micans +
PLANKTONIC GREEN ALGAE
Chlamydomonas sp. +
Chlorella sp. -
Pediastrum boryanum -
Pediastrum sp. +
Spirogyra sp. +
Ulothrix -
3.7.8 Mangrove Species in Study Area
The word "Mangrove" is considered to be a combination of the Portuguese word

"Mangue" and the English word "grove". Mangroves are salt-tolerant plants of tropical
and subtropical intertidal regions of the world. The specific regions where these plants
occur are termed as 'mangrove ecosystem'. These are highly productive but extremely
sensitive and fragile. Besides mangroves, the ecosystem also harbours other plant and
animal species.
Mangrove ecosystems on due to their presence on coastline save lives and property
during natural hazards such as cyclones, storm surges and erosion. These ecosystems
are well known for their economic importance. They are breeding, feeding and nursery
grounds for many estuarine and marine organisms. Hence, these areas are used for
captive and culture fisheries. The ecosystem has a very large unexplored potential for
natural products useful for medicinal purposes and also for salt production, apiculture,
fuel and fodder, etc.
The distribution of mangrove ecosystem on Indian coastlines indicates that the
Sundarban mangroves occupy very large area followed by Andaman-Nicobar Islands

and Gulf of Kachch in Gujarat. Rest of the mangrove ecosystems is comparatively

smaller.. Over 1600 plant and 3700 animal species have been identified from these areas.
Table 3.19: Mangrove species in Study Area

SI.N
Common Name Species Family
o
1 Kandel Acanthus ilicifolius Acanthacea
2 Khalsi Lumnizera racemosa Combreteaceae
Blind-your-eye
3 mangrove and river Excoecaria agallocha Euphorbiaceae
poison tree
River Mangrove or
4 Aegiceras corniculatum Myrsinacea
Khalsi
5 Tropical wild rice Portersia coarctata Poaceae
White Burma
6 Bruguiera cyclindrica Rhizophoracea
Mangrove
7 Black mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Rhizophoracea
8 kandale Kandelia candel Rhizophoracea
9 Garjan Rhizophora apiculata Rhizophoracea
10 Loop-root mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Rhizophoracea
11 White Mangrove Sonneratia alba Sonneratiacear

Mangrove apple or
12 Sonneratia caseolaris Sonneratiacear
Crabapple mangrove
13 Grey Mangrove Avicennia Marina Verberiaceae
14 Indian mangrove Avicennia officinalis Verberiaceae

3.7.9 Observations & Discussions
The Project proposed area devoid of natural vegetation. The demarcated area contains
only a isolated patch of Acaica auriculiiformis and Casuarina equisetiolia, which are non
native trees. There is no reserve forest or protected area around Thannir Bhavi,
Dhakshin Kannada District, Mangalore Taluk, Karnataka. The falls under the coastal
Zone area. The region presents an area wide range of altitudes, aspects, slopes,
drainage, and spills giving rise to a variety of locality factors reflected in the occurrence
of number of forest types from tropical semi-evergreen. The dominant species observed
in the study area Commercial crops and Plantation crops (Coconut, Arecanut, Cashew)
Artocarpus heterophyllus, Careya arborea, Mimosops elengi, Tectona grandis, Vitex altisima.
Bambusa bambos breaks were also observed throughout the semi-evergreen and moist
deciduous forest types.
The buffer zone of the project site is predominately covered by plantations/orchards,

which comprises of coconut, cashew-nut, Areca nut, mango, banana around the human
settlements and areca nut plantations are also seen along the streams. The villages
coming in buffer zone villages are well connected with each other by roads and bridges.
The 7- km study area is undulating has a well developed drainage system through
various streams and rivulets.
The Plant species, Aquatic Flora and Fauna in study area documented in and around 7-
km radius of the project site and the list of Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, small
mammals, reptiles and birds reported for the region were given in Table (3.13 – 3.22)
3.8 Land Environment

The baseline status of the land environment has been established with respect to the soil
quality and land use pattern of the study area. The main objective of the study is to
assess the impact of proposed project on the existing land use pattern. Studies on land
use aspects of eco-system play an important role in identifying sensitive issues and to
take appropriate action to maintain “Ecological Homeostasis” in the region. The main

objective of this section is to provide a baseline status of the study area covering 10 km
radius around the project site, so that temporal changes due to the project activities on
the surroundings can be assessed in future.
3.8.1 Objectives
The objectives of the land use studies are:
o To determine the present land use pattern,
o To determine the temporal changes in land use pattern due to construction and
operation phase,
o To analyze the impacts on land use due to quarrying activities in the study area,
o To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern viz-a-viz
growth of industrial activities in the study area and their associated impacts.
3.8.2 Land Use / Land cover classification
The land use / land cover classification standardized by the Department of Space, for
mapping different agro-climatic zones has been presented here. The present
classification system has four major classes as mentioned below:
(1) Built-Up Land: This comprises land covered by structures.
(2) Agricultural Land: This comprises areas primarily used for raising agricultural
crops, vegetables and plant material of medicinal and commercial values.
(3) Forest: Forest is defined as all land bearing vegetative association dominated by
trees of any size, exploited or not, capable of producing wood or other forest products
and exerting an influence on climatic or water regimes, or providing shelter for wildlife
and live stock.

(4) Wasteland: Land having potential for development of vegetation cover but not being
used due to constraints which include salt affected land, eroded land and water logged
area.
(5) Water bodies: This comprises area persistently covered by water such as rivers/
streams/ reservoirs/ tanks, lakes/ ponds and canals.
(6) Others: This class includes shifting cultivation, grass land / grazing land and snow
covered / glacial land.
3.8.3 Methodology
The land use of the study area has studied by analyzing the available secondary data as
the latest village wise census of 2011. The proposed project site extends over an area of
914 acres. The Area statement with break up details of Land use is given in Table- 3.19
Table 3.20: Area breakup details of land use
Building Names
1. Resort
Lower Ground 4847
Upper Ground 4210
First Floor 4227
Second Floor 4808
Third floor 4808
Total plinth area 22900
2. Spa 1144
3. Convention Centre 3355
4. Service Block (G+2) 1416
5. Golf Club
Ground Floor 1416
First Floor 1416
Viewing Tower 400
Total Plinth Area 9508
6. Small Rooms
Ground Floor 500

First Floor 500

Total Plinth Area 1000
7. Cottages (8 blocks) 1370
8. Luxury Cottage (7 blocks) 1220
9. Office Block 1338
Total Area 43251
3.8.4 Land Use Pattern (7 Km) as per Satellite Imagery

The land-use/land-cover map of the study area is usually generated through the digital
image processing. The data with respect to land use / land cover of the study area has
been presented in Table - 3.20 and the land use and land cover map of study area has
been provided as Fig 3.20. The land use/land cover map of study area has been
enclosed a Plate No.8
Table: 3.21: Area Statistics of Land use / Land cover around 7 km radius of Proposed
Project Site.
Item Area (ha) Percentage

Project site 54.63(135 acres) 0.27
Netravathi river 727.09 3.64
Gurupura river 532.22 2.66
Industrial area 13.34 0.07
Commercial area 179.51 0.90
Wharf 10.71 0.05
NMPT Rail Terminating Yard 20.76 0.10
BMS Ferry service 16.59 0.08
Shipyard 93.29 0.47
Beach 109.00 0.55
Cultivable land 718.4 3.59
Pond 4.14 0.02
Unused land 242.87 1.22
Green area 1774.65 8.89
Settlements 5180.24 25.94
Sea 10307.17 51.61

Fig 3.14: Land use / Land cover Map of study area

3.8.5 Digital Elevation Map
The digital elevation map has also been provided which explains the contours and
terrains of the study area. The highest elevation point of the study area is found to be
6m above MSL and the lowest elevation point of the study area is found to be 4m above
the MSL. The digital elevation map has shown as Fig 3.21.
Fig 3.15: Digital elevation map showing the 7 km radius around the project location

3.9 Socio Economic Environment
3.9.1 Demographic profile of Study area.
A primary data collection by doing sample survey of the villages under buffer zone was
conducted. The first hand information regarding number of population, occupation,
literacy level etc., were obtained from the latest census data 2011. There are no
inhabited villages within the project area. Hence, this Socio-economic study was
conducted in the buffer-zone only. The villages where the socio-economic survey was
conducted are Gollapalle, Ragimakulapalle, Palasamudram, Devulacheruvu, Gudipalle
and Tungodu. The socio economic condition is summarized below in Table 3.21 and
graphically shown in Fig 3.22. The detailed list with villages surveyed in the 7 Km
buffer zone of study area is enclosed as Annexure XVI.
Socio Economic Condition of the Mangalore Sub-District
Total Total Literate Total illiterate Working Non working

Population Population Population Population population
784,569 657,868 126,701 332,761 451,808
19% Total Population

33%
14% Total Literate Population
Total illiterate Population
28% Working Population
6% Non working population

Population Details:
Population Total Population S.C S.T

No of
House Total M F M F M F
Holds
2011 172297 784,569 388,184 396,385 16,306 16,994 5,008 4,959
Census
1% 0%
1% 0%
10%
22%
Total No of House Holds
Population Total
Population M
44%
22% Population F
S.C M
S.C F
S.T M
S.T F
3.9.2 Population Break-up details in Mangalore Sub-District
Details of Literacy Level
Population Male Female Population Male Female

Lit. Lit. Lit. Illiterate Illiterate Illiterate
657,868 334,690 323,178 126,701 53,494 73,207

Population Male Illiterate Female Illiterate

Illiterate 3% 5%
8%
Population Lit.
Female Lit. 42%
21%
Population Lit.
Male Lit.
Male Lit.
21%
Female Lit.
Population Illiterate
Male Illiterate
Female Illiterate
Literacy level of Mangalore Sub-District
3.9.3 Occupational Structure
Total Total Main Main Main

Total Worker
Worker Worker Worker Worker Worker
Population
Male Female Population Male Female
332,761 224,285 108,476 310,497 211,515 98,982
Marginal Marginal Marginal

Non Worker Non Worker Non Worker
Worker Worker Worker
Population Male Female
Population Male Female
22,264 12,770 9,494 451,808 163,899 287,909

Total Worker
Non Worker Female Population Total Worker Population
13% 15% Total Worker Male
Non Worker Male Total
7% Worker Total Worker Female
Male Main Worker Population
10%
Main Worker Male
Non Worker
Population Main Worker Female
Main Worker Total
20% Population Marginal Worker Population
Worker
14% Female Marginal Worker Male
5%
Marginal Worker Female
Marginal
Worker Female Non Worker Population
0% Marginal
Non Worker Male
Marginal Worker Main Worker Main Worker Male
Worker Male Population Female 10% Non Worker Female
1% 1% 4%
Occupational Structure in Study Area
3.10 Traffic Studies and Analysis
A study on traffic density was conducted during the study period. Training of counting
techniques was provided to local workers engaged for the monitoring. Standard pro-
forma was supplied to the trained personnel for recording the data. The traffic study
has been conducted to know the existing traffic scenario and assess the impact of
increase in traffic due to the proposed project. This study would help to assess the
adequacy of the existing roads for the increased traffic and subsequent pollution load.
The traffic study was conducted on the NH 66 near Baikampady Industrial Estate,
Mangalore. The study considered both the roads leading to Mangalore and Karwar on
opposite directions. A detailed Traffic management study has been enclosed as
Annexure 8.

4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.0 Introduction
The primary function of an environmental impact assessment study is to predict and

quantify potential impacts, assess and evaluate the magnitude and their importance in
order to develop an environmental management plan to mitigate the impact.
The impacts (both beneficial and adverse) of project and its allied activities of the
project have been assessed and presented in respect of air, noise, water, land, biological
and socio-economic in this chapter. The control measures to mitigate various
environmental impacts are also highlighted.
The construction and operational phase of the proposed Golf course and beach resort
comprises various activities, each of which may have either positive or negative impact
on environmental attributes. The proposed project activities would impart impact on
the environment in two distinct phases:
A. During construction phase which may be regarded as temporary or short

term and reversible effect; and
B. During operational phase which may have long term effects.
4.1 Identification of Impacts and mitigation measures
The likely impacts due to proposed activities and mitigation measures are described for
the following environmental components as shown in table below.

Table 4.1: Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures during construction and
operation phase of the project
Sl. Environmental Anticipated

Proposed mitigation measures
No. Component impacts
Construction phase
1 Land Generation of Construction debris will be utilized for
Environment solid internal paving/backfilling.
waste Recyclable waste will be sorted and sent for
and debris recycling through scrap dealers.
Top soil removed during construction will
be stored separately and reused.
Adequate covered facilities will be provided
for storage of waste materials.
2 Ambient Air Increase in air Use of dust covers over construction
Quality pollution material during transportation. Sprinkling
(Increase in levels of water, on site to minimize fugitive dust
of NOx, SPM, emissions.
Dust Barricading of construction and dumping
hazards) area will be done.
3 Noise Minor increase in Use of well maintained equipments.
environment noise levels Use of ear muffs/ear plugs by construction
causing nuisance worker in high noise areas.
in the locality Construction equipments generating less
noise and vibration will be chosen.
4 Water Sewage Domestic waste will be treated in Mobile
environment generation due to STP / septic tank without causing any
labour activities. impacts to the environment.
5 Biological No negative Landscape features such as lawns are
environment impacts proposed in major open areas within the
resort.
6 Socio economic Health and safety Construction will provide employment
aspects of opportunities for local residents.
construction
workers.
Existing socio-

economic
conditions.
7 Traffic Pattern Slight increase in Material will be brought in batches so that
traffic congestion there is no sudden increase of traffic volume
at one particular time.
Operation phase
1 Land There will be a Waste management practices like 3 R’S
environment change in land principle will be adopted.
use pattern.
Increased solid
waste generation
2 Air Particulate and Green Belt Development on periphery and
environment gaseous open areas. Adequate stack height will be
emissions from maintained for DG sets.
vehicle
movement and
DG sets
3 Noise Minor impact Green belt area will be planted which acts as
environment inside premises noise barriers.
4 Water Increased Roof top rain water harvesting for RWH
environment demand plan. STP will be adopted to treat generated
& pressure on sewage and use of treated sewage water for
water resources. flushing and gardening purpose.
Sewage
generation.
5 Biological Positive impact Landscaping will help in reducing adverse
environment impact on air and noise quality.
6 Socio economic Positive impact Development of physical and social
infrastructure. Increased job opportunities
in operation and maintenance work.
7 Traffic pattern No adverse Parking facility will be provided.
impact

4.2 Biological Environment

The initial construction work at the project site involves land clearance, back filling and
levelling it does not involve any cutting / felling of shrubs. The proposed golf course
and beach resort is almost barren and void of vegetation. The construction activity does
not involve removal of shrubs and scrubs. Pertaining to the aforesaid project, extensive
observations made so far have not revealed the existence of any endangered flora and
fauna in the immediate surroundings of the project site and in a study area of 7 km
radius. Also there would not be any impact on the Forest and Wild life, as there is no
wild life sanctuary within 7 Km from the project site. Hence there is no impact on
biological environment.
4.3 Socio economic environment
The proposed project will have marginal impacts on local socio-economic condition of
the people residing in the area. The construction Golf course and Beach resort would
provide temporary employment, which may consist of locals too. The estimated
employment generation from the project is about 350 nos. This would improve the
socio-economic condition of the local population. The operation of the proposed project
would result in positive impacts such as economic development and generation of
employment opportunity.

5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
5.0 Introduction
The Environmental monitoring is the primary tool for assessing the prevailing quality
of air, water, noise & soil etc., which helps in suggesting and taking mid-course
corrections, if found negatively impacted. Monitoring of various environmental
parameters for Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Noise Levels, Soil quality testing
will be carried out in and around the project site and in buffer zone to ascertain the
following:
 Pollution caused due to industrial operations within the project site.

 Change in environmental quality within and outside the project site.
 Evaluate the efficiency of pollution control systems installed.
 To assess environmental impacts.
This monitoring shall be periodic and comply with the guidelines of statutory
authorities. Necessary funds will be allocated by the project proponent for the same, as
environmental protection has been identified, as an integral part of proposed project.
Frequent advice sought from appropriate authorities, will go long way in improving the
environment. The frequency of monitoring of various environmental components is
given in Table 5.1.

5.1 Environmental attributes and frequency of monitoring
The environmental attributes and its frequency of monitoring are given below.
Table 5.1: Environmental Attributes
Attribute Parameters Frequency of monitoring

Ambient Air Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX 24 hourly samples twice a week 8
(Buffer Zone) hourly for SO2 & NOX.
Ambient Air Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX ,8 hourly samples twice a week for
(Core Zone) entire season (Other than monsoon)
Water Quality Physical, Chemical and Once in a season and as per the
Biological parameters. statutory requirement.
Noise Quality Noise levels in dB(A) Once in month for the core and buffer
zone locations.
5.2 Meteorological observation
All the meteorological parameters will be recorded and the observations will be
analyzed through-out the study period and during the post clearance phase as per the
stipulated guidelines, the parameters monitored will be as follows.
o Maximum and minimum temperature
o Relative humidity
o Wind velocity and direction
o Rainfall
5.3 Ambient Air Quality
The ambient air quality has been monitored for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx parameters
as part of the baseline studies at 5 locations and frequency of monitoring was as per the
Terms of Reference (TOR) Guidelines and the results were compared with the CPCB
norms. The regular monitoring will be carried out in the same locations/stations during
the project implementation stages, the locations are as follows,

Code Locations
A1 Project Site 1, Opp. Coast Guard Ship
Station
A2 Port Warf, Kasba Bazar, Bundar
A3 Sultan Battery area
A4 Hotel River View, Bangra, Kulur
A5 KIOCL, Junction on NH-66
5.4 Instruments used for sampling
The Particulate dust sampler APM-451 and Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) have been
used for monitoring the ambient air pollutants like PM10, PM2.5 & gaseous pollutants etc.
5.5 Method of Testing

Table 5.2: Method of Testing PM10 / PM2.5
Name of
PM10/PM2.5
Pollutant
Medium Air
Instrument Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) for
PM10 & APM-451 for PM2.5.
Duration Every 8/24 hours
Mode Continuous
Unit μg/m3
Method Gravimetric
Table 5.3: Method of Testing SO2

Name of Pollutants Sulphur Dioxide
Method Modified West & Geake Method
Frequency 8/4 hours
Mode Continuous
Unit μg/m3
Procedure As per IS 5182 (Part II)

Table 5.4: Method of Testing NOX

Name of Pollutants Oxides of Nitrogen
Method Modified Jacob &Hochheiser
Modified
(N μg/m3a-Arsenite) Method
Frequency 8/4 hours
Mode Continuous
Unit μg/m3
Procedure As per IS 5182 (Part IV),1975
5.6 Water quality
Four ground water samples and two surface water samples were collected and
analyzed as per IS 3025 method during the baseline studies. Same number of samples
will be analyzed as part of regular monitoring programme, the monitoring locations are
as given below;
Code Locations
SW 1 Estuarine water at Port Warf
SW 2 Gurupur river water(Brackish) at Sultan Battery
SW 3 Gurupur river water at Hotel River View
SW 4 Gurupur river water(brackish) at KIOCL Jn
GW Project site 1
The water quality has been analyzed for all the physical, chemical and biological
parameters as per the standards / norms (IS 3025 protocol). The sampling and analysis
methods followed as per BIS standards. The water quality is monitored for all the
samples, which are collected from the above mentioned sources.

5.7 Noise level
The ambient noise level has been monitored at the following locations and results are
compared with CPCB standards. The environmental monitoring program will be
carried out during the project implementation stage as per the regulatory guidelines at
regular intervals; the locations are as specified in below table.
Code Locations
N1 Project site 1
N2 Port Warf, Kasba Bazar
N3 Sultan Battery area
N4 Hotel River View, Bangra
N5 KIOCL, Junction on NH-66
5.8 Soil samples
The quality of the soil has been be monitored once in study period as per IS 2720, IS
1498 and other applicable procedure. The locations of the stations are as follows.
Code Locations
Project site, Tannerbavi
S1
Port Warf, Kasba Bazar
S2
Sultan Battery, Boloor
S3
Hotel River View, Kuloor
S4
KIOCL Junction, Panambur
S5

Table 5.5 Budget allocation towards EMP expenditure
During Construction Post Construction

EMP Activity
EMP Cost EMP Cost per Year
Air / Noise Barricade, Sprinkling, PPE etc. Rs. Monitoring, Maintenance etc. Rs.
30 Lakhs 20 Lakh
Water / Toilets, mobile STP etc. Rs.20 Lakhs STP O & M Rs. 40 Lakhs
Wastewater
Mgt.
Traffic Mgt. Signage etc. Rs. 3.0 Lakhs Traffic Mgt, Personnel, Signage etc.
Rs. 5.0 Lakhs
Solid Waste Garbage/Debris etc Segregation, Composting,

Mgt. Rs. 10 Lakhs Transportation, Rs. 60 Lakhs
Rain water Cleaning, Desilting, Deweeding,

Harvesting & Disinfection, Maintenance etc.
Storm water Rs. 40 Lakhs
management

6. BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT
6.0 Introduction
The project proposal comprises of construction of proposed Beach resort and Golf
Course at Survey Nos. Sy.No 1/P1, 1/P2, 1/P3, 51/P1 & 52/P2 at Bengre village,
Mangaluru Taluk, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka State. The proposed project shall yield
following benefits:
 Increase the attractiveness of Mangalore coast as a tourist destination by means

of the recreational services offered by the Golf course and the resort.
 Achieve the goals set out in the Karnataka Tourism Policy 2015-2020, by
promoting sustainable costal tourism in the Mangalore costal region.
 Put Mangalore on the international Golf circuit and attract considerable amount
of golfers to Mangalore.
 Reduce the ingress of the sea into the coast by means of costal protective
measures.
 Reduce the erosion in the project by maintain green cover over the exposed parts
of the site.
 Generate direct and indirect employment opportunities for local population and
contribute to the betterment of their livelihood.
6.1 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure
Opus Laguna Golf & Resorts Private Limited shall take up some community welfare
activities under Corporate Social Responsibility and contribute to improve social
infrastructures like education and health care system etc.

6.2 Employment Potential
The direct employment opportunities with Opus Laguna Golf & Resorts Private
Limited may be limited due to the specialized nature of the job but the opportunities
exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded
to provide the jobs to local residents on a preferential basis wherever feasible.
The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and
skilled categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of
construction activities, reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with
completion of construction activities. During construction phase the project provide
employment opportunity of about 400 labors and during operation phase about 350
nos. of employment opportunities.

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.0 General
It is important that sustainable tourism development shall be envisaged for long-term

socio-economic benefit, but rather as an effort to preserve the environmental quality of
surrounding area in order to make sustainable over time. In order to meet the economic
feasibility of project, avoid environmental impacts and to establish more stable
settlement, development efforts must overcome certain obstacles. It is necessary to
carryout sustainable tourism to have economic development as well as environmental
protection.
The most enjoyed activities /recreational pursuits in Beach Resorts are swimming,
sunbathing, playing, relaxing, boating and water sport related leisure and recreational
activities. In the context of conservation and sustainable development of the coastal
zone, key management issues of coastal environments become one of managing
amenity interactions of the range of these uses. These activities will have impact during
design, planning, and execution of the project. Proper planning is needed to prevent or
minimize these impacts. Sustainable development strives to ensure that natural and
cultural systems are in balance with each other and within themselves. Therefore it is
necessary that we have to incorporate the environmental and social safeguards while
planning, design execution and implementing coastal infrastructure project. EMP aims
at controlling pollution at the source level to the possible extent with the best techno-
economically feasible and available methodology before they are discharged.
7.1 Environmental Management Plan during Construction Phase:
The impacts due to the project during the construction phase are identified to include
Air, Noise and soil during excavation phase, movement of earth and building
materials, liquid and solid wastes generated due to construction labor during the

period. The following are the suitable measures that will be adopted during
construction phase
 Use of Ready Mix Concrete carried in enclosed containers.

 Dust covers on trucks used for transportation of materials.
 Frequent water sprinkling to prevent dust pollution.
 Buffer in form of barricades will be provided along the border.
 Construction waste will be handled and disposed to authorized recyclers.
 Excavated materials will be used for backfilling, driveways and landscaping
purpose.
 Sewage generated will be disposed off in mobile STP
 Domestic solid waste generated will be disposed off through municipal
authorities.
7.2 Environmental Management Plan during Operation Phase:
7.2.1 Air Environment:
A main source of air pollution is from operation of DG set of capacity 1500 KVA used
only during the power failure. Hence pollution is going to be very less. Preference shall
be given to Low sulphur DG sets. Apart from this pollution from the vehicular
movement, the area is covered by fully green belt so there will not be any air pollution
anticipated.
7.2.2 Noise Environment:
The main source of noise during operation phase will be due to the movement of
vehicles of tourists, users/residents of the Resort facilities including Golf Course users.
It is proposed to adopt Eco friendly construction activity; there is no much noise

generation. Main source of Noise pollution is DG sets and vehicular movement. DG sets
will be provided with required acoustic enclosures. Sufficient Green belt will be

developed all along the boundary and on the periphery/ within the premises which
acts as noise barrier and helps in attenuation of noise.
7.2.3 Land Environment:
The contamination of soil by spilled fuel and lubricants from equipments such as DG
sets, vehicles as well as due to improper storage and disposal of solid waste. Golf course
maintenance requires use of various chemicals such as fertilizers, weedicides and
pesticides. Hence the proponent envisages maximum use of biopesticides and
biofertilizers for maintaining the golf course. The philosophy of solid waste
management will be to encourage the Four R’s of waste i.e. waste reduction, reuse,
recycling, and recovery (materials & energy). This will result in lesser reliance on land
filling. A Golf course presents the opportunity to meet a need for recreational amenities,
while preserving green space and serves as a protective buffer by providing
stabilization against erosion.
7.2.4 Water Environment:
Water conservation and measures have been planned for groundwater recharging
through rainwater harvesting including all possible potential for reuse and recycling of
water. The Golf course will promote the proper use and conservation of water
resources. As the proposed project area is vast, storm water management system has
been proposed to reduce the raw water consumption.
7.3 Storm water management system
To collect Rainwater vertical pipes from the terrace / roof areas are taken into the shafts
provided for the purpose. These pipes are then dropped down to the ground floor level
and get terminated at the ceiling level of the ground floor wherein they are connected to
main headers of required higher sizes running suspended at ceiling level with the help
of brackets to support them. These rainwater pipes are then dropped down to the

ground level to connect to the catch basins and Hume pipe network, and finally pass
through the storm water drain present surrounding the periphery of the each building
& finally to the drain surrounding the entire building area and this water will recharge
the ground water via rain water harvesting pits and the excess/overflow from the drain
is connected to rain water harvesting tank /storm water collection sump. As the area
involved is very vast, the anticipated generation of storm water will be of huge
quantity, hence it is proposed to construct the rain water harvesting pond at the low
lying area of the project site. This water will be treated according to the requirement by
providing a filtration unit and then re-used for the domestic purposes.
Storm water calculation:
Intensity of rain fall is 130 mm/Hr
Run off Co-efficient for various types of surfaces.
Run-off co-efficient for various types of surfaces
 Open grounds, unpaved street - 0.30

 Parks, lawns, gardens - 0.25
 Roads/ Pavements - 0.70
 Asphalt pavements - 0.85 – 0.90
 Roof surface - 0.90 – 0.95
Rational Formula for calculating runoff = Q= (CIA)/360
Q= Runoff in m3/sec
I = Intensity of Rainfall in mm/hr
A= Drainage area in heacters
C= Co-efficient for various types of surfaces

Strom Water Calculation for Roof Area:
A= Drainage area in hectares : 1.5898 Ha
I = Intensity of Rain fall : 130 mm/Hr
C = Co efficient of Runoff : 0.95
Q= Run off (m3) : 0.55 m3/sec
Total volume of the runoff water : 491 m3
The total volume of storm water discharged will be calculated by considering 15min of
maximum rainfall. The calculations are done as per the statuary guide lines. This run off
from the roof area will be diverted to roof top rainwater collection sump and finally
stored in rainwater collection pond. This water shall be used for domestic purposes
after the necessary treatment.
Total Run Off: Parking area & Driveway:
I= Intensity of Rain fall (mm/Hr) : 130 mm/Hr
A= Area in Hectares : 1.23 Ha
C= Co-efficient of runoff : 0.7
Q = Run off (m3/sec) : 0.31 m3/sec
Considering 15 min of Rainfall,
Volume of Rainwater available for recharging is 280 m3
Total Run off Garden Area:
I = Intensity of Rainfall (mm/Hr) : 130 mm/Hr

A = Drainage area in Heacters : 0.5405 Ha
C = Co-efficient of Runoff : 0.25
Q = Run off (m3/sec) : 0.05 m3/sec

Considering 15 Min Rainfall

Volume of Rainwater available for recharging is 44 m3
Total Run off from the entire area would be 815 m3 (Say 820 m3 )
Hence there will be huge quantity of runoff from the proposed area, so the rain water
harvesting pond is proposed to be provided in the low lying area within the site.
7.4 Landscaping and green belt development plan
Trees and shrubs will be grown on the sides of play area. Vegetated surfaces such as
vegetated podiums and open grid paving will be done. Green area of the project will be
around 5405.0 Sqm. Trees with large canopy will be grown on the periphery and grass
and shrubs on the podium. Some of the trees proposed are listing down in the below
Table 7.1.
Table 7.1 Shrubs and Tree Species Proposed:
Sl. No. Scintific name Local name Family

1. Gliricidia sepium Gobbarda mara Fabaceae
2. Peltophorum pterocarpum Haladi Gulmohur Fabaceae
3. Lagerstroemia flos‐reginae Hole dasavala Lythraceae
4. Bauhinia variegata Basavanapaada Bignoniaceae
5. Tabebuia argentea Karakalpak Bignoniaceae
6. Spathodea campanulata Lujjekaye Bignoniaceae
7. Anthocephalus cadamba Bettanalli Rubiaceae
8. Albizia lebbeck Bage, Hombage Mimosaceae
9. Cassia spectabilis - Fabaceae
10. Plumeria sp. Kaadusampige Apocynaceae
11. Saraca asoca Kenkalimara Fabaceae
12. Cordia sebestena Challekendala Baraginaceae

8. DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN & RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT
8.0 Need for Disaster Management

Data on disaster occurrence, its effect upon people and its cost to countries, are primary
inputs for analysis of the temporal and geographical trends in disaster impact. Disaster
losses, provide the basis for identifying where, and to what extent, the potentially
negative outcomes embedded in the concept of risk is realized. They help to understand
where, and to whom, disaster risk becomes impact. They also provide the basis for risk
assessment processes, a departing point for the application of disaster reduction
measures.
Development cannot be sustainable unless disaster mitigation is built into development

process. Investments in mitigation are more cost effective than expenditure on relief
and rehabilitation. Prevention and mitigation contribute to lasting improvement in
safety and are essential to integrated disaster management. Disaster response alone is
not sufficient as it yields only temporary results at very high cost. So emphasis must be
on Disaster prevention, mitigation and preparedness, which help in achieving
objectivity of vulnerability reduction.
Disaster response is a multi-layered activity which starts from awareness about them at
an individual and household level and goes up to community and civil administration
level. Organizations with formal assemblage of people, either for residential or non-
residential also need to identify and widely make known the natural hazards likely in
their premise and ways of mitigating them in at the time of crisis.
The term Disaster, Hazard and Vulnerability have been defined as follows:
a. “A Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that causes serious disruption of the

functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human material

economic or environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability of the
affected community or society to cope using its own resources.” - UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, (UNISDR)
b. A Disaster is a "Situation or event, which overwhelms local capacity,
necessitating a request to national or international level for external assistance;
an unforeseen and often sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and
human suffering". - Centre for Research of Epidemiology of Disaster (CRED),
Belgium
c. Hazard is a natural physical event which has a potential to convert into a
disaster, causing widespread injury or deaths and damage to public or private
property or the environment.
d. “Vulnerability means inability to resist a hazard or respond when a disaster has
occurred. It depends on several factors such as people’s age and state of health,
local environmental and sanitary conditions, as well as on the quality and state of
local buildings and their location with respect to any hazards.” – UNISDR.
Disasters are often classified according to their cause i.e. natural or manmade.
A. Natural disasters:-
Flood, Earthquake, Tsunami, Cyclone, Landslide, etc.
B. Manmade disasters:-
Air crash, Railway accident, Industrial accident, Bomb blast, etc.
The Indian subcontinent is highly vulnerable to floods, cyclones, droughts, earthquakes,

tsunamis, etc. Twenty five states in the country are disaster prone. Although Karnataka
has not experienced any major natural or manmade disaster, it is always prudent to be
prepared to face any disaster. The coastal zone of Karnataka is potentially prone to
cyclones and destructive sea waves. Similarly, being a well known tourist destination it
can also be targeted by terrorists who want to disrupt peace in the country.

A Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is prepared by considering all the factors required
for management and mitigation of adverse effects of any small or big disaster. Some
man-made disasters can be avoided by proper design, adequate maintenance and good
house-keeping.
8.1 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan (DMP)

The mandate of a DMP is to make use of the combined resources created or available at
the site and/or off-site services to achieve the following:
 To minimize the detrimental effects of a disaster on people and property;
 Provide rescue services and medical treatment to affected people within and
outside the periphery of the resort.
 Inform and collaborate with local/state emergency relief authorities;
 Initially contain and ultimately bring the disaster under control;
 Preserve relevant records and equipment for subsequent enquiry into the causes
and circumstances leading to the disastrous happenings;
 Investigate and take steps to prevent recurrence of similar incidents.
The DMP therefore needs to be related to the identification of sources from which
hazards can arise and the maximum loss scenario that can take place in the concerned
area. The project proponent should adhere to all the laws regulating the construction of
the proposed resort.
8.2 Specific Focus of the DMP

Based on the vulnerability profile of the proposed Resort, the DMP focuses on the two
natural events, namely Cyclone and Tunami which should be kept in mind for design of
building structures and event preparedness. An analysis of the events is given in the
Table 8.1. Analysis of the historical records leads to believe that both events will have

low probability of occurrence and low to moderate severity. However, preparedness for
any event is of paramount importance to the Resort and Golf course project.
Table 8.1 Natural events of relevance to the proposed Resort

Sr. Natural Event Early warning lead time Damage caused by Disaster Response
1. Cyclone 24 to 48 hours from High winds, blow- Evacuation to mainland

IMD through radio away or collapse of through the Tannir
broadcast, local news building structures, Bhavi, Mangalore post
channels, mass pubic flood in the river site forecast time of
address by the localleading to bank- land hit of the
administration breach and rapid cyclone.
inundation
2. Tsunami 3-5 hours from the High waves from Rapid evacuation
district administration3 the sea side, the towards main land,
by local news channels, wave from the preferably on foot after
mass public address Gurpur river side. tsunami warning
immediately
8.3 Specific Nature of Vulnerability for the Resort

Specific vulnerability of the site is compounded by two factors, one pertaining to
location and another to the specific nature of the activity.
a. Proposed location of the Resort is on a barrier beach between Gurpur River and
the sea. In event of high torrential rain caused by a cyclone, there could be bank-
breach on the river causing short circuiting of flow of water through over the
barrier beach subjecting the Resort site to voluminous inundation.
b. Route of evacuation to mainland town runs parallel to the seashore thus the
evacuation route is partially exposed to effect of tsunamigeneic waves.
c. Some occupants of the Resort may be foreign tourists who might not have
appropriate local threat perception and may be from non-english speaking

countries, therefore appropriate mode of communication may be critical in

effective evacuation.
8.4 Disaster Management Plan – Measures taken in Planning and Construction

of Resort Buildings
The Resort will adhere to the following codes of construction in the buildings proposed
as part of the Resort.
a. IS code - IS 15498:2004 ‘Guidelines for improving the cyclonic resistance of low

rise houses and other buildings/structures’ for wind resistance.
b. IS code – IS 2309:1989 ‘Protection of Buildings and Allied Structures against
Lightening –C ode of Practice’.
c. IS code – IS 1893 ‘Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures’
In addition following general planning measures are proposed to reduce and/or

mitigate the risk from natural events.
i. All buildings in the resort will be built over a plinth 1 m high from the finished
floor level
ii. No basement I proposed in the Resort. No residential or human-access activity
below grade is proposed in the Resort.
iii. The Resort will be boundary walled from all sides with cemented laterite blocks
of minimum 1.7 m high with Y frame or cyclone barb wiring on top. Shelter
vegetation will be grown on the seaward side of the boundary wall all long the
seacoast.
iv. All electrical transformers and outdoor equipment will be kept on pedestals of
minimum 1.5 m. All outdoor electrical fittings will be of IP 55 grade.
v. Access to the beach from inside the Resort will be controlled, documented and
will be under surveillance of CCTV. A beach volunteer will be on guard during
daytime when beach sport or beach excursion is planned for resort occupants.

vi. The buildings will not have any overhang not supported from
the roof structure/truss/purling through structural tie-ins. No gravity-resting
canopy, pargolas, etc. will be constructed in the buildings.
vii. Braches of trees will be cropped so as not to interfere with the window openings
or form canopy above the buildings.
viii. All weak trees which may cause fall hazards during high wind conditions
will be uprooted or sawed at breast height. No trees with spreading canopy or
branches will be maintained at the two pole structure or near outdoor power
incomer structures.
ix. Internal roads and parking will be designed in annular manner so that vehicles
may not need to reverse for going out of the Resort.
x. A high power paging system will be installed in the Resort covering all the
building foyers, corridors, amenities and outdoor areas for mass
communications.
xi. Residual current circuit breakers will be installed on all electrical fittings to
eliminate risk of electrocution during any event of inundation.
xii. Personnel and occupant movements in the Resort will be documented at the gate
for rapid head count.
xiii. 5 kg DCP type fire extinguishers will be installed within 30 m travel span in
all the buildings. 5 kg CO2 type extinguishers will be placed near electrical
board room, near outdoor power incomer structure and in the kitchen.
8.5 Disaster Management Plan – Measures taken in Operations of the Resort.
Following good practices will be followed in operations of the Resort.
i. The Resort will conduct a spatial orientation of all the occupants

immediately after they are enrolled. The orientation program will brief
them about the following:

a. Layout of the Resort

b. Safety features and firefighting equipment installed in the
buildings
c. Attentiveness towards paging system installed in the Resort
d. Method of documentation of occupancy while an occupant
comes in or goes out of the Resort.
e. Key personnel who the occupant is expected bring to notice any
non-routine incident or incident involving safety of personnel
f. General evacuation procedures when instructed over pager
system (including what to carry when evacuation, and what to
shut, lock or tie back)
ii. All occupants will be given a printed leaflet about does and don’s inside
the resort. These necessary conditions will be made part of the occupancy
agreement. A suitable insurance policy may be bought for the occupants if
they chose so.
iii. A layout of the Resort will be placed in all the mass gathering places of the
resort buildings. Fire and emergency exits will be marked in all the
foyers/common corridors of the buildings.
iv. Gate of the Resort will be designated as assembly point for collecting and
head count during any evacuation procedure.
v. A well stocked first aid box will be places in the Gate Complex of the
Resort. An emergency toolbox will also be placed in the Gate Complex.
Contents of the first aid box and emergency toolbox are given in the
following sections.
8.6 Disaster Management Plan – Preparedness of the Resort Management
The Resort management will follow organization structure as shown in Figure 8.1.
Responsibilities of the individual team member are described as follows.

Fig.8.1: Organizational Structure
8.6.1. General Responsibility and Preparedness
a. Resort management will be vigilant towards weather warnings and status

reports being broadcast from local radio station or telecast from local channel.
b. Resort management will act swiftly and decisively in event of any
emergency measures suggested by the local administration. They will not let
their judgement be effected by panic or be guided by rumours or hearsay.
c. Occupancy register with occupant details will be placed in a water proof bag and
will be carried along by the Resort Duty Officer (Administration) or any further
reference. A hard copy of all documents will always be maintained as soft copies
are not portable and are of limited value in absence of computer systems.

d. The Resort will stock HSD fuel in 200 l MS drums for DG and vehicles so that
they are no dependant on a filling station supply in time of crisis.
e. All vehicles in the duty of the Resort will be kept monsoon worthy by end of
May.
f. One vehicle capable of carrying 6-8 people should be on duty with the Resort at
all times.
g. Security incharge will be responsible for maintaining a First Aid Box and an
Emergency Tool Kit, as listed in Table 3.2.
8.6.1.1. Resort Manager
a) Resort Manager will be the overall incharge of all Resort functions. He will be the
link between District/local Administration and the Resort.
b) Resort Manager will be empowered to take necessary commercial and personnel
decisions in the event of any natural disaster.
c) Resort Manager may or may not be resident in the resort. He will be available to
assist the Resort Duty Officer during any emergency.
d) He will be responsible for emergency medical aid agreement with a nearby
hospital. He will keep updated about key persons in the Local Administration
who may contact him during any emergency.
e) He will be authorized to talk to media in case of any public declaration regarding
the Resort to be made.
f) He will be responsible for adherence of all structural safeguards and stocking of
consumable pertaining to emergency management. He will be responsible
periodic mock drills in the Resort.
g) In event of his absence, all his responsibilities will be undertaken by the senior
most Resort Duty Officer who is not on duty at the time of emergency.

8.6.1.2 Resort Duty Officer
a) Resort Duty Officer will be the person incharge of the overall operations of the
Resort corresponding to his shift of duty. Resort Duty Officers will be present in
all shifts on relieving basis. Resort Duty Officer will act as On-Scene
Commander for all emergency actions in the Resort.
b) He will coordinate with the Security Incharge for effective message
transmission to all occupants and mustering of all occupants at the
assembly point near the Gate Complex of the Resort.
c) All utilities and amenities such as DGs, emergency/backup power,
communication will be operated under his instructions.
d) He will take the decision for evacuation of occupants and employees of the
Resort in consultation with the Resort Manager/Acting Resort Manager.
8.6.1.3 Security Incharge
a) Security Incharge will be responsible documentation of entries and exits

of employees and occupants for tallying with the Resort Duty Officer and for
head count at the Assembly Point.
b) Security incharge will be responsible for evacuation of occupants and employees
as prioritized by the Resort Duty Officer using vehicles available with the Resort.
He will coordinate with the drivers and occupants at the point of refuge.
c) He will instruct the security guard to carry out fire fighting activities when
required.
d) He will be the custodian of the First Aid Box and an Emergency Tool Kit.
e) Final securing of the Resort and necessary inventorization will be carried out by
him before pre-evacuation loak-up of the Resort.

8.6.1.4 Incharge Utility and Services
a) Incharge Utility and Services will be responsible for keeping the

emergency utilities such as DGs running at the time of emergency, in event
of any power outage.
b) He will ensure operation of all the communications and emergency
illumination in the Resort.
c) He shall be responsible for effective lockout of electrical and emergency power
systems after evacuation in coordination with Security Incharge.
d) He shall be responsible for stocking of fuel for DG and vehicles for emergency.
e) All building related safety measures such as operation of CCTV cameras, fire
extinguishers, emergency exit illuminations, structural stability of the buildings,
securing of overhangs, etc. will be responsibility of the Incharge Utility and
Services
8.6.1.5 Incharge Hospitality and Housekeeping
a) Incharge Hospitality and Housekeeping will be responsible for housekeeping

and fire prevention in the kitchen.
b) He will insure that there are no structures, fitments and furniture in the building
and villa rooms which may come loose during an emergency event any may
cause harm to the occupants.
c) Hewill be responsible for arrangement of necessary ration supplies and other
household and daily needs material to the occupants before they are
evacuated from the Resort.
d) He will bring outdoor furniture and gardening equipment and bicycles, etc.
inside or under cover
e) He will ensure that all water taps are closed and water tanks are sealed for reuse
after re-occupation.

f) He will ensure that all windows shutters are closed and secured. All loose
windows will be sealed by duct tape.
Table 8.2 Contents of First Aid Box and Emergency Tool Kit
First Aid Emergency Tool Kit
• 5 packets of waterproof band aid • 2 Portable radio sets with batteries

dressings
• 5 high power LED torchs with batteries
• 5 rolls of non-allergenic tape
• 2 Magaphones with batteries
• 20 sterile eye pads
• Non-perishable food sufficient for 40 people
• 20 triangular bandages
• 3 pairs of sturdy gloves
• 30 conforming gauze bandage
• 10 large waterproof bags
• 30 sterile combine dressing
• 20 candles, matches in a sealed plastic bag
• 3 stainless steel scissors
• Essential medications
• 10 square gauze swabs
• Copies of important documents
• 2 bottles antiseptic lotions
• Two sets of mechanic grade multi tools
• 3 wound closure steri-strip
• Two sets of hack saws, heavy duty crow bars
• 2 bottles antiseptic solution
• One firemen’s axe
• 25 alcohol swabs
8.7 Disaster Management Plan – Measures recommended for Cyclone Hazard
Cyclones are huge revolving storms caused by winds blowing around a central
area of low atmospheric pressure. In the northern hemisphere, cyclones are called
hurricanes or typhoons and their winds blow in an anti-clockwise circle. In the southern
hemisphere, these tropical storms are known as cyclones, whose winds blow in a
clockwise circle. Cyclones develop over warm seas near the Equator. Air heated by the
sun rises very swiftly, which creates areas of very low pressure. As the warm air rises, it
becomes loaded with moisture which condenses into massive thunderclouds. Cool air

rushes in to fill the void that is left, but because of the constant turning of the Earth on
its axis, the air is bent inwards and then spirals upwards with great force. The swirling
winds rotate faster and faster, forming a huge circle which can be up to 2,000 km across.
At the centre of the storm is a calm, cloudless area called the eye, where there is no rain,
and the winds are fairly light.
Following measures are recommended to the occupants before, during and after a
cyclone:
8.7.1. Recommended Actions before Cyclone
a) All occupants will keep their identification papers (photo IDs, passport, VISA
and currency notes secure in a waterproof sling bag
b) Occupants will keep their cellular phones charged and in switched on mode
c) Occupants will identify their next of kin and their contact numbers with the
Resort at the time of registration
d) Occupants will be vigilant towards any paging announcement and will follow
the instructions swiftly and decisively.
e) Occupants will not make long calls on their cellular phones as it may cause the
airwave to be crowded and hinder necessary communications.
8.7.2. Recommended Actions during Cyclone
a) Ensure that you and your family members are wearing strong shoes and suitable
clothing.
b) Take your Emergency Kit and your Evacuation Kit and commence your
Evacuation Plan.
c) Turn off all electricity, gas and water and unplug all appliances if inside the
Resort or at any location functioning as cyclone shelter.
d) Keep your Emergency Kit close at hand.

e) Bring your family into the strongest part of the house. This may even be a
bathroom covered from all sides.
f) Keep listening to the radio for cyclone updates and remain indoors until advised.
g) If the building begins to break up, immediately seek shelter under a strong table
or bench or under a heavy mattress.
h) Beware of the calm eye of the cyclone. Some people venture outdoors during the
eye of the cyclone, mistakenly believing that the cyclone has passed. Stay inside
until you have received official advice that it is safe to go outside.
8.7.3. Recommended Actions after a Cyclone
The time immediately after a cyclone is often just as dangerous as the initial event itself.
Many injuries and deaths have occurred as a result of people failing to take
proper precautions while exploring collapsed buildings and sightseeing through
devastated streets. Once you have been advised that the cyclone has passed you must
adhere to the following:
a) Listen to your radio and remain indoors until advised or contacted by the Resort
personnel.
b) If you are told to return to the Resort, , do so using the recommended
routes communicated by the Resort Duty Officer.
c) Do not go sightseeing.
d) Do not use electrical appliances which have been wet until they are checked for
safety.
e) Boil or purify your water until supplies are declared safe.
f) Stay away from damaged powerlines, fallen trees and flood water. g. If your
building has become uninhabitable due to cyclone damage, contact Resort
Administration to prioritize a cleanup.

8.8 Disaster Management Plan – Measures recommended for Tsunami Hazard
A tsunami is a series of fast moving waves produced during large scale ocean
disturbances. A tsunami can occur with very little warning; caused by a variety of
natural or technological events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, explosions,
landslides, and meteorite impacts. Tsunami is different from regular ocean waves in
several ways:
 A tsunami is a series of sea waves that are extremely long. As a tsunami crosses
a deep ocean the length from crest to crest may be as much as 150 kilometres and
these waves can travel at speeds of 1,000 km/h.
 As a tsunami leaves the deep water of the ocean and travels to the shallower
water near the coast, the tsunami slows and the wave height increases. This
process is called shoaling.
 A tsunami that is unnoticeable at sea, because of its long wave lengths, may
reach several metres or more in height by the time that it reaches the coast.
 Regular ocean waves move in the water from the surface down to around 150m
deep, but a tsunami moves in the water all the way to the seafloor. Therefore the
volume of water that is moved by a tsunami is significantly more than the
amount moved by regular ocean waves.
 As many tsunami are a series of waves, there is often more than one wave and
the first wave may not be the largest.
 Depending on whether the first part of a tsunami to reach the shore is a crest or a
trough, it may appear as a rapidly rising or falling tide.
 Even a small tsunami can be very dangerous to swimmers and mariners.
Because of the limited warning time for a tsunami, it is very important for the occupants
to quickly follow the instructions given by the Resort Management.
Following measures are recommended to the occupants before, during and after a
tsunami.

8.8.1. Recommended actions before and during Tsunami
a) Listen attentively to instruction on the paging system of the Resort.

b) Due to very short time of response, evacuation by vehicles is not recommended
in case of a tsunami. When asked to evacuate from the Gate Complex of the
Resort, immediately move inland or to higher ground at least 10 meters above
sea level or, if possible, move at least 1 km away from the beaches, harbours and
coastal estuaries/riverbank areas. For reference, it will be safe to move further
west and south away from the sea and Gurpur River.
c) It will be in your own interests to walk to safety as swiftly as possible to avoid
traffic jams. There is no necessity of running, brisk walking is sufficient to go
away from the sea side.
d) If you are somehow unable to leave the area, take shelter in the upper level of a
sturdy brick or concrete multi-storey building and stay there until advised that it
is safe to leave (homes and small buildings are not designed to withstand
tsunami forces).
e) Take your emergency kit with you, as well as important papers, medical needs,
and family photographs.
f) If you are swimming in the sea, get out of the water and move away from
t he shore further landwards.
g) If you are on a boat or water scooter close to shore and there is sufficient time,
return to land, secure your vessel and move to higher ground.
h) If you are on a ship or boat at sea, move to deep water (Open Ocean) well off-
shore and remain there until further advised.
i) Do not go to the coast or headlands to watch the tsunami even after the major
waves have subsided.
j) Keep listening to your local radio station and media for further information and
follow the advice from Resort Management who will contact you on your
cellular phone.

k) Tsunami move significantly faster than normal wind-driven waves and can
move faster than people can run. Once you see the tsunami it may be too late to
escape. The backwash of a tsunami is extremely dangerous. As the large volume
of water recedes back towards the ocean, it may carry debris and people back to
sea with it. Hold on to a tall, strong structure if waves have reached you. Do not
enter the water if you are at a dry or high place.
l) Even a small tsunami may cause strong turbulence and very dangerous currents.
DO not wade through water of unknown depth and current.
m) Do not return to coastal areas/low lying areas until an all-clear is given by
emergency services or public officials.
8.8.2. Recommended actions after Tsunami
a) Wait for the Resort Management to contact you and ask you to come back to the
Resort.
b) Do not go near flooded and damaged areas until the emergency services or
public officials advise that it is safe to return.
c) Do not drink unboiled tap water until water supplies have been declared safe.
d) Do not eat food which has been immersed in flood waters.
e) Do not use gas or electrical appliances in the Resort which have been immersed
in flood waters until they have been checked and declared safe.
8.9 Disaster Management Plan – Updation of Plan
The DMP has been prepared before the Resort has been constructed and has
become operational. The DMP must be revised immediately after construction of the
Resort is over and it is ready to accept occupancies so that relevant details of the Resort
pertaining to emergency preparedness are re-documented and made suitable for actual
implementation.

8.10 Structure of the DMP

The Disaster Management Plan provides risk analysis and precautionary measures with
reference to likely disasters listed below:
 Fire
 Earthquake
 Flood
 Cyclone
 Terror strike/ blast
 Biological Disaster
 Power failure, water shortage, road congestion, communication failure, sea level
rise, etc.
8.11 Type of Disasters and Risks

The types of disasters that can affect the proposed development are as follows:
Since the proposed site is not located near any active industrial area, risks associated
with industrial hazards are not likely.
8.11.1 Fire:
Occurrence of fire requires fuel, heat and oxidizer. Fire disasters are most common of
the emergencies which can occur at a resort site. Sometimes they occur in circumstances
that are unexpected or unpredictable. Fire incidences can be natural or human
generated.
Types of fires
1. Natural: Natural fires are generated by volcanic eruption, lightning and the like.
Earthquake and storms can cause devastating fires due to short circuits in
damaged houses, fallen power cables, ignition of spilled fuels, gas leakages, etc.

Proper insulation, meticulous wiring, leak proof storage etc. should form a part
of disaster preparedness.
2. Manmade: Faulty electrical circuits, defective electrical wiring, poor
maintenance of “boilers/electrical equipment”, cooking gas leakages, etc can
cause fires. Similarly, accidental leakage of flammable liquids and careless
disposal of lighted cigarette buds can also cause devastating fires.
3. List of Major Fire Hazards:
 Flammable chemicals: Paints, Aerosols, Fuels, etc.
 Flammable substances: Furniture, Upholstery, Dry Grass, etc.
 Processes involving open flame: Cooking, Smoking, etc.
 Heat producing devices: Dryers, Heaters, Hot Plates, etc.
 Electrical equipment: Short circuits and malfunctioning equipment.
8.11.2 Seismic Environment & Precaution:

As per the Seismic Zoning Map of India, Karnataka falls under Seismic Zone-3. During
the last 15 years, the country has experienced 10 major earthquakes that have resulted
in over 20,000 deaths. As per the current seismic zone map of the country (IS 1893:
2002), over 59% of India’s land area is under threat of moderate to severe seismic
hazard. Earthquake of magnitude 6.0 or more on the Richter scale usually results in a
large number of casualties. 90% of casualties result directly from the collapse of
buildings. Secondary events, such as landslides, floods, fires, and tsunamis, account for
the remainder (10 per cent) of the casualties. Mortality increases with age, disability and
degree of destruction of the structures. Many deaths can be prevented by early
implementation of rescue services and medical aid.
8.11.3 Floods
Fortunately, Karnataka is not prone to severe flooding due to its hilly topography
combined with excellent network of drainage provided by rivers and flood plains. In
particular the project site is free from flooding hazards.
8.11.4 Cyclones
Cyclones are caused by atmospheric disturbances around a low-pressure area with
swift and often destructive air circulation. They cause violent storms and heavy rains.
The air circulates inward in an anticlockwise direction in the Northern hemisphere and
clockwise in the Southern hemisphere. As per the accepted classification of Cyclones,
Karnataka falls in Category II of low vulnerability.
Table 8.3 Wind speed categories and related events

Type of Disturbances Wind Speed in Km/h Wind Speed in Knots
Low Pressure Less than 31 Less than 17
Depression 31-50 17-27
Deep Depression 51-62 28-33
Cyclonic Storm 63-88 34-47
Serve Cyclonic Storm 89-117 48-63
Very Server Cyclonic 118-165 64-89

Storm
Extremely Server Cyclonic 166-220 90-119
Storm
Super Cyclone More than 221 More than 120
Where: 1 knot – 1.85 km per hour
Cyclones are classified into five different levels on the basis of wind speed. They are
further divided into the following categories according to their damage capacity.

Table 8.4 Cyclone categories

Cyclone Category Wind Speed in Km/h Damage Capacity
01 120-150 Minimal
02 150-180 Moderate
03 180-210 Extensive
04 210-250 Extreme
05 250 and above Catastrophic
8.11.5 Tsunamis
The Indian coastal belt has not recorded many severe tsunamis in the past. Few
tsunamis are known to have occurred in Indian Ocean. The multi hazard situation on
the West coast of India is presented in the following table.
Table 8.5 Multiple Hazard Data for West Coast of India
Source: National Disaster Management Guidelines: Management of Tsunamis, 2010.

This is a publication of the National Disaster Management Authority, Government of India.

8.11.6 Terror Strikes and Blasts

Terrorist attacks may not be eliminated completely, but the effects of these attacks on
buildings and structures can be mitigated to a large extent with precautions and pre-
emptive strategies.
8.11.7 Explosion
This refers to air-borne or grounded detonation of explosive devices on or near targets.
The detonator can be carried by hand, delivered by vehicles, hurled as projectiles, or
placed in the usual supplies to the Resort/Hotel building. The detonators can be non-
nuclear type or nuclear type. Explosions almost instantaneously damage the built
environment. If more devices than one are used in a chain, then the duration of the
threat is enhanced and the extent of damage is greater. The extent of damage is
determined by the type, quality and quality of possibilities – from non-structural
element loss, structural element damage, structural elements collapse, to progressive
failure of part/ whole building.
8.11.8 Arson
This refers to initiation of fire at or near targets. The fire can be initiated by direct
contact or by a projectile carrying an accelerant. The threat can last from minutes to
hours. The extent of damage is determined by the type and quality of device/accelerant
used in arson, and by the type of materials present at or near targets. Again, damage
can vary over the whole spectrum – from non-structural element loss, structural
elements damage, structural element collapse, to progressive failure of “part/whole”
resort.

8.11.9 Armed Attack

This refers to tactical assault or sniper attacks from remote location. The attack can be
by ballistics using small arms, or by stand-off weapons using rocket propelled grenades
or mortars. The armed attack can last from minutes to days depending on how agile the
counter-attack is in wearing-off and over-powering the aggressors. The extent of
damages is contingent on the intent and capabilities of the attacker.
8.11.10 Biological/Chemical/Radioactive Attack

This refers to contamination with or dispersion of a biological/chemical agent that leads
to harmful effects on human and plant lives. The contaminants could be solid, liquid or
gaseous, and generated instantaneously at the site of attack by biological, chemical,
nuclear or radiological reactions. The reactions can directly affect the body parts or can
lead indirectly to diseases as the contaminants enter the body, food and water chains.
The duration for which the attack has an influence is dependent on the agent employed
and the conditions under which the agents are released. Contamination can spread
through wind and water, while biological infection can spread through human and/or
animal vectors. On the other hand, chemical contamination can spread through human
contact, vehicles, water and wind. Chemicals can have lasting effects, if not immediate.
Contamination duration, due to radiological agents, may range from immediate to

several years. Similarly the “light/heat flash” and blast overpressure due to a nuclear
explosion may last only for a few seconds, but the negative fallout of released radiation
can persist for years.
8.11.11 Epidemics
Apart from the natural and transnational movement of pathogenic organisms, their
potential use as weapons of biological warfare and bio-terrorism has becomes far more
important now than ever before. Utilization of organisms causing smallpox and anthrax
by terrorist group can cause great harm and panic. Biological agents are living

organisms or their toxic products that can kill or incapacitate people, livestock, and
plants.
8.11.12 Bio-terrorism
Bio-terrorism can be defined as the use of biological agents to cause deaths, disability or
damage mainly to human beings. The three basic groups of biological agents, which
could be used as weapons, are bacteria, viruses, and toxins. Most biological agents are
difficult to grow and maintain. Many breakdown quickly when exposed to sunlight and
other environmental factors, while others, such as anthrax spores, persist very long.
Biological agents can be dispersed by spraying them into the air, by infecting animals
that carry the disease to humans and by contaminating food and water. Potentially,
hundreds of human pathogens could be used as weapons; however, public health
authorities have identified only a few as having the potential to cause mass casualties
leading to civil disruptions.
There are a number of causes why biological weapons are potentially more powerful
agents of mass casualties leading to civil disruption. Biological agents can be
disseminated with readily available technology. Common agricultural spray can be
adapted to disseminate biological pathogens of proper particle size to cause infection in
human population over great distances.
The perpetrators can use natural weather conditions, such as wind and temperature
inversions as well as existing building infrastructures (e.g. ventilation system) or air
movement related to transportation (e.g. subway trains and cars passing through
tunnels) to disseminate these agents. The expense of producing biological weapons is
far less than that of creating other weapon systems.

The methods of biological agent dissemination and delivery techniques include:

 Aerosols – biological agents are dispersed into the air, forming a fine mist
that may drift for miles. Inhaling the agent may cause epidemics in human
beings and animals.
 Animals – some diseases are spread by insects and animals, such as fleas,
mice, flies, mosquitoes, and livestock.
 Food and water contamination – some pathogenic organisms and toxins
may persist in food and water supplies. Most microbes can be killed, and
toxins deactivated, by cooking food and boiling water. Most microbes are
killed by boiling water for one minute.
8.11.12.1 Types of biological agents

There are three categories of biological agents with potential to cause mass casualties.
However, those in category A have the greatest potential for fear and disruption and
most significant public health impacts.
The disease anthrax is caused by gram-positive, non-motile Bacillus anthracic. Anthrax
has been a scourge of cattle and other herbivores for centuries. During the industrial
revolution, the inhalation of this bacillus was first recognized as an occupational
pulmonary disease in workers of the wool industry of Europe. Anthrax is an ideal
biological weapon. The disease is highly lethal. The spores can maintain virulence for
decades.
If used as a biological weapon, smallpox represents a serious threat to civilian

population because of its fatality rate of 30% or more, among unvaccinated persons and
the absence of specific therapy. Smallpox has long been considered as the most
devastating of all infectious diseases.

The mere mention of the word plague conjures up deadly images because, historically it
has already demonstrated a potential to kill millions of people across the globe. It is a
disease that results from an infection by non-motile, gram-negative Coccobacillus
Yarsinia pestis. This is another weapon, besides smallpox, which can cause devastation.
A vaccine for plague does exist, however, it is no longer being produced and it does not
demonstrate efficacy against infection spread through aerosols. Botulism or Botulinum
toxins are a deadly toxic substance that can be produced in an animal, a plant, or a
microbe. The toxins cause a serious disease in humans. Toxins are natural and non-
volatile and generally do not penetrate intact skin, as in case of chemicals weapons.
There are different types of toxins and they are immunologically distinct, meaning that
antibodies developed against one do not cross-react against others.
Tularemia is caused by Francis Ella Tularansis, which is a gram-negative, non-motile

coccobacillus. Tularemia is a disease acquired in a natural setting by humans through
skin or mucous membrane contact with the body fluids or tissues of infected animals or
from being bitten by infected deerflies, mosquitoes, or ticks. It can remain dormant for
weeks in the environment or in animal carcasses and for years if frozen.
8.11.13 Sea Level Rise

The phenomenon of sea level rise is yet to be fully comprehended although some
predictions have been made for time spans of hundred years. Considering the projected
life of the proposed project, this eventuality is not of importance at the specific site in
Karnataka.
8.12 Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)

A preliminary hazard analysis has been carried out to identify major hazards associated
with the functioning of the proposed project (Table 8.4).

Table 8.6 Hazards, Risks and Vulnerability

Hazard Component Potential Risk Vulnerability/
Probability
D.G. Sets Mechanical hazards and fire Low: The DG sets are used only in
hazards in: Lube oil system case of power failures, which are
Cable galleries Short circuits rare. The lubrication oil and diesel
are stored in small quantities.
Power Fire and explosion Low: Transformers are always
Transformers kept in the open, with proper
fencing, and isolated from
buildings.
Electrical Fire in cable galleries and Medium: The risk may arise from
Control room switches. Static electricity due to low quality of insulation material
improper earthing and bonding. bad maintenance or alterations by
Fire, in earthing and bonding untrained manpower. It may also
may result in Power failure. arise from voltage fluctuations.
LPG Cylinders Fire and explosion due to Low: Probability of cylinder

storage leakage related fire and explosion is low.
Natural Earthquake and cyclones may Low: Karnataka falls in Seismic
Disasters damage the electrical system, Zone III which is one of the least
lifts, and water/sewerage lines. vulnerable zones. Karnataka does
It may also damage the external not have history of severe
envelop of structures. earthquakes. Karnataka lies on the
West coast of India which is less
prone to severe atmospheric
changes resulting in cyclones,
hurricanes, storms etc.
Topography Flooding/Water logging may Low: The risk may arise only in
and Drainage curtail access to daily needs and rare event of choking of natural
transports facilities. and manmade storm water
drainage system coupled with
high tide and storm surge. The
site is securely located at a
minimum height of 40 M above
MSL.

Terrorist attack, Forced acquisition of building Low: The project is not a high
blasts etc. and hostage situation may result priority target. The location is in a
from terrorist attacks. rural setting and not in a prime
area.
Mob attack Agitated mob attack will result Low: The area is residential, rural
in life and property damage. and peaceful, hence no such
disturbance is likely
Biological Disease outbreak, Epidemics Medium: Karnataka is well

Disaster causing deaths. connected by all means of
transportation to the entire
country and the outside, so the
risk of biological disaster is
considerable. However the State
has well equipped machinery to
deal with such occurrences and
thus the overall risk is medium
Others Power failure, Water shortage,, Low: Such types of risks are rarely
traffic congestion, prevalent in the area where the
communication failure, etc. project is proposed. As remedial
response is very quick and
services are immediate, no
problems of difficult nature are
likely. Power failure will not affect
the project seriously as stand by
DG sets are provided for all
essential services.
With water recycling, rain
harvesting and sufficient storage
capacity the project will have
sufficient buffer for any short
term water shortage in PWD
supply. In case of prolonged
problem the project can avail of
private water tanker supply.

8.13 Precautionary Measures

Precautionary measures for any disaster are to be taken by all the users/visitors of the
proposed resort. Hence the measures mentioned below are to be meticulously followed
by occupants of the Resort. To be well informed about such precautions a printed
booklet will be kept in each resort villa/room.
8.13.1 Fire:
The following basic precautions are recommended:
 Good house-keeping.
 Compulsory use of ashtrays while smoking.
 Prompt repair of faulty electrical appliances.
 High voltage points and instruments to be secured and labeled prominently.
 Switches and fuses to conform to correct rating of circuit.
 Welding /Cutting jobs to be carried out under strict supervision.
 Fire Rescue drills to be carried out at regular intervals.
 Elementary fire fighting training to occupants.
8.13.2 Earthquake:
 BIS codes relevant to the project site shall be adopted for building standards
 Heavy items such as pictures and mirrors to be hanged away from beds, settees,
and other sitting places.
 Overhead light and fixtures to be braced securely.
 Heavy/large objects to be stored on lower shelves.
 All breakable items such as bottled foods, “glasses/china ware”, etc. shall be
stored in lower level closed cabinets with latches.
 Repair defective electrical wiring and leaky gas connections. These are potential
fire hazards.

 Water heaters, LPG cylinders, etc., to be secured by strapping these to wall studs
and bolting to the floor.
 Weed killers, pesticides, and flammable products will be stored securely in
closed cabinets with latches, in bottom shelves.
 Safe places to be identified, indoors and outdoors, for safe occupation of the
occupiers during tremors. numbers (of doctors, hospitals, police, etc) to be
displayed in each resort “villa/room’ and also in other service areas of the resort.
 Emergency “telephone/cell”
8.13.3 Floods
 Sewerage and storm water systems to be checked at regular intervals for their
proper functioning.
 Provision will be made to harvest most of the rain water from the proposed site.
This will reduce the water shortage as well as runoff water on the site.
8.13.4 Cyclones
 Periodical checking of all resort buildings for structural faults, to secure loose
tiles, and to carry out timely repairs, will be resorted to.
 Periodical removal of dead wood or dying trees close to the villas to be
undertaken.
 Hurricane lanterns filled with kerosene, battery operated torches and enough dry
cells will always be made available during emergencies.
8.13.5 Tsunamis
 An earthquake that lasts 20 seconds or longer in a coastal area, may cause
tsunamis.
 When the shaking stops, people will be moved quickly to higher ground away
from the coast. A tsunami may be coming within minutes.

8.13.6 Terror attack/ bomb blast

 The resort will be fully secured all around the periphery and there will be only
one entry and one exit to the entire facility.
 The entry and exit points will be manned for 24 hours with specially trained
security staff fully equipped with latest security gadgets including closed circuit
electronic surveillance cameras/CCTVs monitoring all sensitive areas within the
Resort Complex. A log book will be maintained to record the identities of all
“vehicles/residents/guests/visitors” entering and leaving the Resort.
 All “persons/vehicles” entering the resort will be fully checked for explosives
and weapons.
8.13.7 Biological Disaster

Most of the precautions to prevent a biological disaster come under the domain of
government authorities. However, at personal level, hygienic practices and proper
sanitation are essential criteria to be followed to prevent the spread of both, induced or
natural infections. The resort management will periodically be in touch with
government health authorities to prevent any such eventuality.
8.13.8 Other Disasters

Other disasters are rare and have not occurred in the region or their occurrence can
easily be mitigated with routine precautions. Nevertheless the following precautions
will be taken:
 Sufficient water will be stored, in excess of actual requirement, as a buffer stock
to tackle the eventuality of temporary water supply shortage.
 Multiple communication channels will be maintained to tide over the situation of
failure of telephone link “and/or” malfunction of main server.

 “Alternate/renewable” energy sources will be used to illuminate “gardens/golf

course”, lobbies and corridors to supplement conventional power, as also to
serve as emergency power source during unexpected electricity supply failures.
Such alternate power sources shall include solar power, biogas and small wind
turbines.
8.14 Disaster Preparedness Onsite

The plan will include installation of alarms and other security related communication
gadgets. The resort will prepare a Disaster Management Plan and will constitute a
dedicated Disaster Management Committee/Team to implement the same when
required.
8.14.1 Fire Alarms/Other Measures

Fire and smoke alarms will be installed in all covered places such as rooms, lobbies,
halls, kitchens, offices, etc. The functioning of these fire alarms will be checked every
week by the resort security staff.
 To meet the requirements, the following measures will be taken:
 Courtyard will be paved suitably to bear the load of fire engines.
 Electrical meter room will be sealed with non-combustible materials.
 The lighting in all fire escape routes will be based on independent circuits
backed by DG sets.
 Underground and overhead water storage tanks having appropriate capacity
will be provided for fire fighting.
 Automatic water sprinklers will be installed in all internal covered spaces.
 Fire Hydrants, Fire Hoses and Fire Extinguishers will be installed throughout
the resort as mandated by the Fire Department.
 Portable fire extinguishers of dry chemical powder will be provided in the
electric meter rooms and basements.

8.15 Occupational Health and Safety

The facility will have many activities such as construction, erection, testing,
commissioning, operation and maintenance, where manpower, materials and machines
are the basic inputs. Occupational health and safety of all the people concerned will be a
major responsibility of the resort management. All statutory requirements in the above
connection will be meticulously implemented. The security staff of the resort will
maintain a close liaison with government authority in-charge of the Off-site Disaster
Management Plan and give all collaborative support in emergency situations.
8.16 Emergency Response in the Event of Disaster

In case of emergency due to any type of disaster a quick and immediate response is
essential. This response depends on the actions taken by individuals to avoid or
mitigate the adverse effects of a disaster and to undertake search and rescue operations.
Following are the actions which will be taken in various emergent situations.
8.16.1 Action in the event of Fire

Extinguishing fires: A small fire at the point of leakage will be extinguished by
enveloping it with a water spray or a suitable smothering agent such as CO2 or DCP
(Dry Chemical Power). Fire fighting personnel working close to un-ignited vapour
clouds or close to fire, will be protected continuously by water sprays.
8.16.2 Response Sequence during Event of Fire

Any person noticing the fire will attempt to isolate and extinguish the fire with readily
available equipment and inform or arrange to inform the Security Head in-charge
regarding the:
 Location of fire
 Type of material burning
 Extent of fire
 Caller’s name and phone number
 Security Personnel will:

 Sound the siren as per the Siren Code.
 Will cordon off the area and call the local fire fighting Department.
 Will direct all occupiers/guests to evacuate and assemble in designated fire
shelter spaces
8.16.3 Actions in case of Flood/Tsunami

As stated earlier, such eventualities are not expected considering the past weather
records of the entire Konkan coast encompassing the state of Karnataka. However, the
resort management shall take all necessary precautions in consultation with the State
weather and disaster management authorities.
8.16.4 Biological attacks

The resort management will take all necessary precautions as suggested by the state
health and intelligence agencies, in the event of any such eventuality that comes to their
notice.
8.17 Relief and Rehabilitation

 Relief authorities at the site will:
 Encourage self-help in every activity of their day-to-day living.
 Provide assistance for identification/assessment of human and material loss.
 Provide assistance in maintenance of law and order.
 Provide assistance in maintaining sanitation standards and in disposal of waste.
 Promote cultural and recreational activities for mental health.
 Measures during Earthquake
 Relief authorities will: Conduct a week-long survey to locate quake related
hazards/damages in the resort.

 Work with local emergency services and officials to help affected people and
those likely to be affected.
 Provide tips for conducting earthquake drills.
 Actions to be taken to prevent impact of Cyclone
 Residents/visitors will be advised to stay tuned to weather advisories broadcast
on radio or TV.
 Radios and TVs in Resort lobbies/restaurants etc. will also be activated for the
benefit of residents/guests.
 All windows and external doors of the resort complex will be shut and
appropriately secured to withstand high wind speeds.
 Extra food, which can be eaten without cooking, and surplus drinking water will
be stocked for the benefit of residents/guests to tide over long power failures
and damage to F&B infrastructure.
 Hurricane lanterns, torches and other emergency lights will be made available.
 All loose and unsecured materials which can fly and cause damage due to strong
winds, will be removed to safe locations and/or securely fastened.
 Electrical mains will be switched off except for emergency utilities.
 The management will be continuously in touch with the State Disaster
Management Authority and scrupulously follow its instructions with respect to
the need for evacuation of the resort or any other eventuality.
8.18 Disaster Prevention

Following measures will be undertaken for prevention of disasters:
 Maintaining data base of agencies responsible for handling emergencies like
Hospitals, Trauma care, State Disaster Management Agency, Police, Ambulance
etc.

 Maintaining constant liaison with agencies who can forewarn of likely disasters
such as IMD (India Meteorological Department), National Tsunami Warning
Centre etc.
 Train staff in handling firefighting equipment
 Defining a organ gram for handling emergency situations eg. Identification of a
works main controller, incident controller etc. so as to have coordinated response
to attend to emergencies. Conduct mock drills at regular intervals
 Identify an emergency control centre having maps, utility drawings such as
electrical, fire fighting etc.

9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
9.1 Project Summary, Major Impacts and Conclusion
The proponent has been selected by the Department of Tourism, Government of

Karnataka for establishment of a world class PGA standard 18 hole golf course & resort
in Bengre village, Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada. The site was found to be ideal
by reputed international golf course designers for the development of PGA standard
golf course and is bound to attract, not only, well known “golfers/golf tournaments”
but also high end tourists which will boost tourism industry in Karnataka.
Evidently, a golf course based resort which thrives on greenery and breathtaking
landscape as its main ingredients, is fully compatible with the proposed majestic ocean-
view project site, in the remote undeveloped and (mostly) barren corner of Tannirbhavi
region in Manguluru taluka of Dakshina Kannada. Unlike mega-housing projects and
industries, a Golf Resort is socio-ecologically and environmentally most desirable
because of its major attributes, listed below:
• Causes no demographic influx.
• Enhances the green cover of the locality.
• Creates jobs that match the “skills/talent”, available locally.
• Leads to spin-off businesses, which also are green in nature.
• Involves no loss of native tree cover.
• Promotes harvesting of rainwater to the maximum extent possible.
• Reclaims a vast stretch of highly eroding coastal premonitory and rocky plateau
and converts it into a stable and lush green ocean view landscape.
• Encourages ventures of ornamental gardening, flowering plants, lawn making
and plant nurseries.
• Promotes organic manures and pesticides.
• Encourages highly efficient and water saving irrigation technology.

• Promotes renewable energy sources.

• Provides community service facilities, better “infrastructure/services” and
employment.
• Makes Karnataka an international golfing destination, within the global tourism
circuit.
Potential negative environmental impacts of the proposed project which can be
effectively mitigated as explained in this Report are listed below:
Short-term adverse impacts such as dust pollution and soil erosion during earth works
for shaping of land surface and landscaping works to establish the golf course and
resort building
• Temporary “air/noise” pollution during construction of resort buildings.
• Increased solid waste generation in the area.
• More vehicular traffic.
• Significant water requirement for the establishment and maintenance of golf
course and landscaped gardens.
• Possibility of surface/ground water pollution due to the nutrients and herbicides
used to maintain the golf course and landscaped gardens.
• Generation of sewage and kitchen waste from resort “rooms/villas” and
kitchens, respectively.
Significant but temporary negative impacts are most likely to occur during the
construction phase. However, the said negative impacts (listed above) are mitigable
“and/or” reversible, through engineering and scientific solutions incorporated in the
present EMP, and in the monitoring plan. The extra soil material required for the project
will be procured, after the approval of the concerned “authority”, and on ascertaining
that no adverse environmental impact occurs at the site of procurement of the material.
The development work on the project site will be undertaken only after securing prior
clearances from the Coastal Zone Management Authority, State Pollution Control
Board, Town & Country Planning Department and the local Village Panchayat.

9.2 Common Environmental Concerns, Facts and Mitigation Measures:

9.2.1 Loss of eco-sensitive area.
a) The project site is devoid of ecosystems such as Forest, Wetland Mangroves, Bird
Sanctuaries and Animal Migration Corridor.
b) The State Government has specifically earmarked the location for eco-tourism
coupled with a golfcourse and as such only a very low FSI is allocated to the proposed
development which further ensures development through maximum eco-conservation.
9.2.2 Loss of tree cover/ Bio-diversity.

a) The area is mostly devoid of trees except for shrubs and bushes. Any existing tree
coming in the path of the development will be maintained in situ/transplanted and the
greenery of the site will be enhanced by compensatory tree planting, landscaping and
golf turf development which will extend to convert the existing rocky plateau land and
other barren areas into stunning green space.
9.2.3 Displacement/Rehabilitation of local residents, if any.

a) No such question will arise as the Bengre village is totally unaffected by the
proposed development. On the contrary, the eligible local youth will be trained
and employed on priority in the project, and better health, education and
community facilities will be made available to the villagers.
b) The project site which was vacant and unused, has been acquired and owned by
the project proponent.
9.2.4 Potential of soil erosion during earthworks (cut & fill) and landscaping for golf
Course and Resort Construction.
a) Major earthworks will be conducted during the dry season.
b) The peripheral contour of each elevated sub-grade will be secured by a
combination of strong bunds/trenches, silt fences and gabions.

c) The entry and exit of all earthwork dumpers and machinery shall be effected
only through a few designated openings, monitored round the clock.
d) In case of unexpected heavy rains, the earth material will be promptly covered
with synthetic covers and kept handy on site.
e) Geotextile covers available commercially will be widely used to prevent erosion
and allow proper establishment of turf grass for Tees, fairways and Greens.
Further, as per need and availability materials such as Netted Erosion Control
Blankets, Turf Reinforcement Mats and other Rolled Erosion Control products
will be used for securing turf, lawns and other plants after hydroseeding.
f) The technique of installing sod on prepared bare soil surface will also be used to
establish turf, quickly without erosion.
9.2.5 Large quantity of water required for establishment and maintenance of golf
course.
a) A versatile grass species called Paspalum will be used to establish the golf turf.
This grass is drought tolerant, salinity resistant and shows luxuriant growth at
low levels of nutrients/pesticide applications. It is expected to reduce the
irrigation water requirement by 40-50%.
b) During heavy monsoon rains (June to October) in Mangalore (3000 mm), the
irrigation is further reduced substantially.
c) The elaborate and well designed system of water harvesting, proposed by the
proponent consists of rain water collection from all roofs for ground water
recharge and diversion of runoff water during rains into the lakes for storage and
use. This will maintain the ground water level and provide for supplementary
irrigation.
d) The proponent is also exploring the possibility of sustainable borewell water
extraction on approval of the Ground Water Authority.
e) Irrigation water requirement will be rationed by its need-based use, determined
by weather station data, tensiometers, neutron probes and computerized

techniques such as specialized sprinkler heads and drip irrigation will be used to
increase water application efficiency which n turn will reduce water requirement
and run-off.
f) Treated effluent water from STP will be recycled for appropriate users such as
flushing, irrigation and cooling towers.
9.2.6 Water pollution and possible toxicity due to application of fertilizers and
pesticides.
a) The well established principles of Integrated Pest Management will be adopted
to reduce the use of pesticides.
b) Only easily bio-degradable pesticides having low “persistence/residual effect”
will be used.
c) Use of conventional pesticides will be supplemented by the application of bio-
pesticides.
d) Use of chemical fertilizers will be supplemented by use of bio-fertilizers and
manures and their quantities rationalized by need-based application determine
on the basis of soil analysis.
e) The volume and flow of runoff carrying ‘nutrients/pesticides’. Will be controlled
by efficient irrigation and ‘containment/diversion/infiltration’, respectively.
f) A series of structures such as, dikes, check dams, infiltration basins, trenches,
grassed waterways, grass swales, roughs and lakes will be used for the said
purpose of runoff control.
g) Storage and handling of ‘fertillzers/pesticides’ formulations for their
applications on the field, will be located under the roof a dedicated shed
designed for the purpose. The rinsed water from this activity will be treated for
safe disposal.

9.3 Conclusion
The EIA/EMP report has thoroughly assessed all potential environmental impacts
likely to be generated by the project, which are expected to be of temporary and
reversible in nature. The proposed mitigation measures for the sub-projects are
sufficient. All negative impacts, envisaged during the “post-construction/operation”
phase of the project, present no major environmental and ecological concerns, and
hence the project is socio-economically and environmentally sustainable.

10. DETAILS OF CONSULTANTS
Name of Consultant: METAMORPHOSISSM, Project Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

BENGALURU. “Accredited EIA Consultant Organization” from Quality Council of
India (QCI)/National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (NABET).
The details of the EIA Co-coordinators and Functional Area Experts involved in the
project are given in Table 9.1.
EIA Coordinator
Name: Mrs. Sreelekha K. Srinivasulu
Baseline Data Collection: Winter 2016-17 (Dec 16, Jan & Feb 17)
Contact Information: "PRAKRUTI BHAVAN"
#200, 1st & 2nd Floor, 1st Cross, 40th Main,
Behind Central Silk Board, BTM Layout II Stage,
Bengaluru-560 068, Karnataka, INDIA.
Signature & Date:
Date: 14/07/2017
Table 10.1: Details of Functional Area Experts and EIA Team Members
Sr. No. In-House Functional Area Experts
1. Dr. Shanth A.  Air Pollution Monitoring, Prevention

Thimmaiah and Control
 Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling
and Prediction
 Water Pollution Monitoring,
Prevention and Control.
 Socio-Economics
2. Mr. Kantharaj. K.  Hydrology, Ground Water & Water
conservation
 Geology
3. Mrs. Sreelekha K.S  Land Use

Sr. No. In-House Functional Area Experts

4. Mr. Sreekantan 
Ecology & Bio-diversity
Nair 
Solid and Hazardous Waste
management
 Risks and Hazardous Management
5. Ms. M.J Rekha  Meteorology, Air Quality Modelling
and Prediction
Empanelled Functional Area Experts
1. Dr. Nagaraj B.C  Soil Conservation
 Ecology & Bio-diversity.
2. Dr. Venkat Reddy  Geology
 Hydrology, Ground Water & Water
conservation
3. Dr. Harsha  Noise and Vibration
Vardhan  Risks and Hazardous Management
 Solid and Hazardous Waste
management
(Industrial Solid Waste.)

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EMP Report For Proposed Construction Beach Resort & Golf Course At Survey Nos. Sy.

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 1

1.1.1 Historical Importance

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 2

Mangalore city is governed by Municipal Corporation, which comes under Mangaluru

Table 1.1: Mangalore City Population 2011

Mangalore City Total Male Female

City + Out Growths 499,487 247,903 251,584

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 3

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 4

Mangaluru has direct trains to Chennai, Trivandrum, Kochi, Kollam(Quilon),

Fig 1.1: Location of nearest airports to Mangaluru

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 5

1.1.7 Mangaluru Sea Port

1.1.8 Bengre Ferry Line

The Bengre Ferry line connects the

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 6

2. PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION

2.0 Overview of the Project

Fig 2.1: Location of the project site on district Map

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 7

2.1 Salient Features of the Proposed Project

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 8

5 Total Built up Area 43251.0 Sqm

8 Total Golf Course area 113.67 Acres (46,0002.6SQM)

9 Water Requirement 130 KLD

10 Proposed STP Capacity 115 KLD

11 Power Requirement Will be met from MESCOM

12 DG Sets Capacity 1500 KVA

13 Car Parking 516 Nos.

2.2 Site & Its Surroundings

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 9

2.2.1 Project site Photos

2.2.2 Climatic condition

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 10

2.2.4 Regional geology

Mangalore is situated on the backwaters formed by convergent mouths of Netravathi

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 11

2.2.5 Coastal Zone Biodiversity

2.2.6 Soil Type

2.2.7 Drainage Pattern

Major Drainages are Netravathi, Gurpur, Kumaradhara, Payaswini and Shambhavi.

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 12

Fig 2.3: Area of 7 Km radius surrounding the proposed site

The seismic hazard map of India was

Fig 2.4: Seismic map of India showing

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 13

2.2.9 Golf course development:

2.3 Water requirement details

2.3.1 During construction phase:

2.3.2 During operation phase:

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 14

2.4 Water Balance Chart:

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 15

2.5 Power requirement

2.5.1 Backup Power Supply System:

2.6 Waste water treatment facility

The Environmental Management Plan in the operational phase endeavors to mitigate

2.7 Solid Waste Management:

Prepared by METAMORPHOSISSM Projects Consultants Private Ltd. Bengaluru Page 16

Table 2.1: Estimation of solid waste generation

Resort 300 0.45 135

Total 759~ 800