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MATH REVIEWER
WORD OPERATION/MEANING
FORMING EQUATIONS Less than, fewer than
Decreased (by)
ALWAYS REMEMBER: To subtract
ALL PROBLEMS HAVE SOLUTIONS. YOU JUST Subtraction (-)
The difference
HAVE FIGURE IT OUT! J Minus
Subtracted (by)
Where to start? Multiplied (by)
DERIVE THE EQUATION. (Easy lang yan. Tiwala lang sa The Product
grammar lessons haha!) In deriving equations, there are words, Times Multiplication (x)
usually linking verbs) that you should look for because it corresponds Twice [x2] ,thrice [x3]
to a mathematical operation (WORD = MATH OPERATION). Here are Double [x2], triple [x3]
some of the commonly used words in word problems. Divided (by)
The Quotient
Legend: “More (than)” – means that the word maybe used as “more” Over
or “more than” in the word problem. Division (÷ or /)
Half
Out of
WORD OPERATION/MEANING Quarter
Is, was The number
Are, were The value
Equal (=) Variable (X, Y, Z, any letter)
Will (be) Age [or any noun, usually used
as subject of the sentence]
Gives, yields
And
SAMPLE:
Both
DERIVE THE FOLLOWING EQUATIONS.
(In) Total, (All) together
Combined 1. The number of the chocolate bars added to 3 is 50.
More (than)
Increased (by) Addition (+) STEP 1: Representation
To add Let x, be the number of chocolate bars
The sum Added to - sum
Plus Is - equals
Added (by), Add(ed) to,
In addition

STEP 2: Form the equation
Note: Follow the sequence of the sentence in forming the equation.
The number of the chocolate bars added to 3 is 50.
ð x + 3 = 50
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Note: When the problem uses “MORE THAN or LESS THAN”, always
remember that you write the number or letter (variable) BEFORE
THESE WORDS FIRST followed by the operation then the number or
letter previous to it.

Note: If there are given values for the variables in the problem just STEP 1:
substitute them respectively to be able to get the answer. For Let x – be Ren’s age
convenience, the equation can be manipulated so that the variable is Let y – be her brother’s age
on the left side of the equal sign or equation.
STEP 2:
ð x + 3 = 50 ð x=y–3 3 less than her brother’s age.
ð x = 50 – 3 Transpose 3 to the other side of the ð x = 20 – 3 Substitute the given value.
equation and change to the opposite sign. ð x = 17
In this case positive 3 will become
negative 3 when transferred. Remember:
ð x = 47 3 less than 1 should be written as 1 – 3, NOT 3 – 1. Always
remember this for the words with THAN because this is very critical
2. The number of the chocolate bars added to twice the especially for subtraction and division which both does not exhibit
number of candies is 33. commutative property of equality. Commutative property applies when
there is change in the order of the numbers involved in an equation
STEP 1: Representation but not altering the result like in addition and multiplication.
Let x, be the number of chocolate bars
Let y, be the number of candies
Added to - sum Transposition method is not actually an “official method” it is a
Twice – times 2 shortcut for ADDING or SUBTRACTING on both sides of an equation
Is - equals just as dividing on both sides of equation to simplify or manipulate it.
It follows the ADDITION PROPERTY OF EQUALITY and
STEP 2: Form the equation SUBTRACTION PROPERTY OF EQUALITY. (You may read on them
Note: Follow the sequence of the sentence in forming the equation. if you want to understand better.)

The number of the chocolate bars added to twice the number

of candies is 33.
ð x + 2y = 33
3. Ren’s age is 3 less than the age of her brother who is
already 20 years old. What is Ren’s age?

SUBSTITUTION METHOD
When we are given with equations with two variables, it may be
difficult to solve the problem AT FIRST. But, do not worry because for
sure the variables are described in the problem if in any case the
values are not given.
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variables on the left side of the equation. So remember the
TRANSPOSITION METHOD. But in this example we do not
have to do this anymore because one of the variables is already
isolated on one side of the equation.
ð x=y–6

Let’s use this problem to explain further. 2. Substitute THE WHOLE EQUATION to the first equation. In
this way, we will be able to remove one of the variables which
1. The number of the chocolate bars added to twice the is x. Remember that our goal is to have one variable when
number of candies is 33. The number of chocolate bars is solving.
six less than the number of candies. How many chocolate
bars and candies are there? ð x + 2y = 33 First equation
ð x=y–6 Second equation
Focus on the problem: The problem didn’t mention about the exact ð (y – 6) + 2y = 33 Substitute second eq. to the first
number of chocolates but it is described in one of the sentences. Using ð y – 6 + 2y = 33 Drop parentheses
this, we can solve the problem.
ð y + 2y = 33 + 6 Isolate the variables on left side by
In substitution method, our goal is TO HAVE ONE VARIABLE transposing (-6) to other side
ONLY IN THE EQUATION so we can manipulate it easily and find the making it (+6 or simply 6).
answer.
STEP 1: ð 3y = 39 Solve the equations both sides.
Let x, be the number of chocolate bars
Let y, be the number of candies ð 3y/3 = 39 /3 Divide both sides by 3 to get the
value of y. Why not 2? 4? 3? It is
STEP 2: because our goal is to make it
simply as “y”. To do this, we have
Note: Usually, one sentence is equivalent to one equation. to remove 3 and it is only possible
by dividing it itself to get 1.
ð x + 2y = 33 from first sentence ð y = 13 NUMBER OF CANDIES
ð x=y–6 from second sentence

Substitution method:
1. Choose one of the two equations with simpler variables. Avoid
equations with variables that needs to be multiplied like 2x, 3x,
4y, etc. to make things easy. We have to isolate one of the
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3. Substitute the value of “y” to the second equation to get the 3. 10 = 3x-x Transpose (x) to right side making it (-x).
value of “x”. 4. 10 =2x Subtract.
5. 10/2 = 2x/2 Divide 2 on both sides.
ð x=y–6 Second equation 6. 5=x Hence current age of Orlando is 5 years’ old.
ð y = 13 Value from first solution. 7. x=5
ð x = 13 – 6 Substitute value of “y”.
ð x=7 NUMBER OF CHOCOLATE 2. In 20 years, Kayleen will be five times older than she is
BARS today. What is her current age?

AGE PROBLEMS 1. Let x, be the age of Kayleen now

Let x + 20, be his age 20 years from now
Application of substitution method can be used in solving age *NOTE: It is better to use one variable in this case to avoid
problems. confusion.

SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS: 2. x+20 = 5x Her age is 5 times older than current age.
(SOLVE MO MUNA MAG-ISA BAGO MO TIGNAN ANG 3. 20 = 5x-x Transpose x to right side making it (-x).
SOLUTION. THAT’S THE PROPER WAY OF PRACTICING.) 4. 20 = 4x Subtract.
5. 20/4 = 4x/4 Divide 4 on both sides.
1. Ten years from now, Orlando will be three times older than he is 6. 5=x Hence current age of Kayleen is 5 years’ old.
today. What is his current age? 7. x=5

2. In 20 years, Kayleen will be five times older than she is today.
What is her current age?
1. Ten years from now, Orlando will be three times older than he
is today. What is his current age?
1. Let x, be the age of Orlando now
Let x + 10, be his age 10 years from now
Note: It is better to use one variable in this case to avoid confusion.
2. x+10 = 3x His age is 3 times older than present age.
GEOMETRY
In solving problems involving geometry, the most important
thing is that you know the definition of terms and familiar with the basic
formulae. For example, it should be clear to you whether the problem
is asking for the perimeter or area of a certain shape. It should be clear
to you whether you are dealing with diameter or radius of the circle;
whether you are dealing with circumference or area of the circle.
YOU DON’T HAVE TO MEMORIZE ALL THE FORMULA;
JUST THE BASIC ONES. Hindi goal ng exam na i-test yung memory
mo sa dami ng formula at operations na itinuro since elementary. Ang
goal ng exam ay i-test ang LOGICAL THINKING mo so, balik sa basic
mind set: ALL PROBLEMS HAVE SOLUTIONS. Math is absolute;
so, there will always be a solution.
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Formula for geometrical figures Trapezoid height × (base1 + base2) / 2
pi (π) = 3.1415926535 Circle pi × radius2
n = number of sides of a polygon
Ellipse pi × radius1 × radius2
*The commonly used formula in word problems are typed it
bold letter.
Cube (surface) 6 × side2
Perimeter formula (measurement of sides)
Sphere (surface) 4 × pi × radius2
Square 4 × side
Cylinder (surface of perimeter of circle × height
Rectangle 2 × (length + width) side)
Parallelogram 2 × (side1 + side2) 2 × pi × radius × height
Triangle side1 + side2 + side3 Cylinder (whole Areas of top and bottom circles + Area of the
Regular n-polygon n × side surface) side
Trapezoid height × (base1 + base2) / 2 2(pi × radius2) + 2 × pi × radius × height
Trapezoid base1 + base2 + height × [csc(theta1) + Cone (surface) pi × radius × side
csc(theta2)] Torus (surface) pi2 × (radius22 - radius12)
Circle 2 × pi × radius
Volume formula
Ellipse 4 × radius1 × E(k,pi/2)
Cube side3
E(k,pi/2) is the Complete Elliptic Integral of
the Second Kind Rectangular Prism side1 × side2 × side3
k = (1/radius1) × sqrt(radius12 - radius22) Sphere (4/3) × pi × radius3
Area formula (measurement of occupied space on a Ellipsoid (4/3) × pi × radius1 × radius2 × radius3
surface)
Cylinder pi × radius2 × height
2
Square side
Cone (1/3) × pi × radius2 × height
Rectangle length × width
Pyramid (1/3) × (base area) × height
Parallelogram base × height
Triangle base × height / 2 Source:
Spiegel, Murray R. Mathematical Handbook of Formulas and Tables.
Regular n-polygon (1/4) × n × side2 × cot(pi/n) Schaum's Outline series in Mathematics. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1968.
Retrieved from http://www.science.co.il/formula.

TIPS NI BATO
1. PROPER MINDSET. That should be number one on this list.
Set things straight. What is your goal? Why are you doing this?
Set higher standards to yourself; and, don’t be afraid to fail.
JUST KEEP MOVING FORWARD but learn from your mistakes
too. YOU ARE GOING TO PASS!
2. DISCIPLINE, FOCUS and HARDWORK. Nothing beats these
three whether it is an exam on paper or exam on life problems.
3. PRACTICE SOLVING PROBLEMS. The faster you get, the
better. Remember you have TIME LIMIT. Practicing
beforehand can help you solve fast. Set time for yourself when
reviewing. Reading materials written in English will also help
you read and comprehend fast. The secret is solving word
problems fast is actually COMPREHENSION.
4. DON’T OVER DO IT. Don’t pressure yourself too much
because it reduces your focus. Instead of focusing on solving
the problems, you become focused on the pressure of passing
and time limit.
5. ANXIETY IS NORMAL. It actually motivates you to study well
and prepare for the exam. Just learn to control your emotions
well especially before and during exam.
6. READ THE INSTRUCTIONS. This is a common mistake of test
takers. Just because you see the circles on the answer sheet,
doesn’t always me you shade it. Although, this is the usual
practice, reading the instructions is STILL A MUST.
7. CHECK YOUR ANSWERS AND TIME. Make it a habit to check
whether you are shading your answer to the right number. For
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example, shading your answer for number 10 on number 11.
(Masaklap kapag narealize mo ito kapag mga 10 items na
8. nagkamali.) The machine is sensitive to marks; so be careful.
Watch the time too!
9. ANSWER WISELY. Sometimes the result of the solution
doesn’t match with the choices given. Instead of doing the
solution again, check the unit of measurements instead; or pick
the closer option to your solution. Then move on. If you have
extra time, you can go back.
10. SLEEP WELL THE NIGHT BEFORE THE EXAM. A well
rested brain helps you focus more and control your emotions
well. Sleep early and wake up early. DON’T BE LATE. It is the
worst distraction ever that you enter the examination room late,
catching your breath and wiping your sweat while the proctors
are waiting for you to settle down. RESPECT THE TIME OF
OTHERS TOO.
11. PRAY. God gives us what we deserve. SO WORK YOUR ASS
OFF and for sure HE WILL REWARD YOU TOO! If you pass,
offer a prayer and thank Him, if not, do the same J. Don’t lose
hope. Trust yourself too. If you want this, you’ll GIVE YOUR
ALL.