GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MECHANICAL (I.C. ENGINE & AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING) (11)

ALTERNATE FUELS AND ENERGY
Subject Code: 3711110
SEMESTER: I

Type of course: Advanced

Prerequisite: -. None

Rationale: To educate the students about the use of alternate fuel in I.C engines to know the use of such
fuels and its role in combustion, performance and emissions in I.C engines. This course is imparting
knowledge on energy storage and its utilization in modern vehicles.

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks Total

L T P C Theory Marks Practical Marks Marks
ESE(E) PA (M) PA (V) PA (I)
3 0 2 4 70 30 30 20 150

Content:

Sr. Content Total % Weightage

No. Hrs
1. Unit 1: Conventional fuels; 11 25
Estimation of conventional fuels; advantages and disadvantages of
conventional fuels; Need for Alternate fuel; Availability and Comparative
properties of Alternate fuels; Use of Alcohols; LPG, Hydrogen; CNG and
LNG; Vegetable oils and Biogas in Automotive Engines;, Relative merits and
demerits of various alternate fuels.
2. Unit 2: Alcohol 10 25
Manufacture of Alcohols; Properties as engine fuels Alcohols and
Gasoline blends; Performance in S. I. Engines: Methanol and gasoline blends;
Effect of compression ratio; Alcohols in Stratified charge engines;
Combustion characteristics in engines; Reformed alcohols use in CI Engines;
Ignition accelerators; Alcohol Diesel emulsions; Dual fuel systems.
3. Unit 3: Various vegetable oils for engines; Esterification Performance in 6 15
engines; Biogas in engines; Performance and Emission characteristics; Shale
oil, coal liquid and Tars and fuel; Performance and Emission characteristics.
4 Unit 4: Gaseous Fuels: 9 20
Availability of CNG; Properties; Modification required to use in Engines;
Performance and Emission characteristics of CNG, LPG in SI and CI
Engines; Performance and Emission data for LPG; Hydrogen Production
methods; Storage and handling; Performance; Safety aspects.
5 Unit 5: Layout of an electric vehicle; Advantages and limitation; 6 15
specifications;System components; Electronic control system; High energy
and power density batteries; Hybrid vehicles; Solar energy based vehicles;
Hydrogen energy based vehicles; Latest development.
Reference Books:

1. Alternate fuels guide book, Bechtold R.L, SAE

2. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes Duffie & Beckman John Wiley
3. Energy, the Biomass Option Bungay John Wiley
4. Introduction to Wind Energy Technology Lysen Georgia Inst.
5. Energy, Doolittle Matrix Pub.
6. Energy & Environment, Fowler McGraw Hill
7. Solar Energy S.P. Sukhatme Tata McGraw Hill

Course Outcome:

After successful completion of the course, student will be able to:

1. Know the properties and application of conventional fuels

2. Know the properties and application alternative fuels
3. Know the production method of various alternative fuels
4. Know about various electric and hybrid vehicles
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ME – SEMESTER –I-(New) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2019
Subject Code: 3711110 Date: 13/05/2019
Subject Name: Alternate Fuels and Energy
Time: 02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Describe various alternate fuels, their potential and importance in India. 07
(b) Discuss merits and demerits of conventional fuels. 07
Q.2 (a) Explain Combustion characteristics and properties of Alcohols. 07
(b) Describe use of shale oil, Coal liquid and Tar as alternate fuels. 07
OR
(b) Discuss performance and emission characteristic of Biodiesel as fuel. 07
Q.3 (a) Explain various vegetable oils for engines with different application. 07
(b) Explain dual fuel systems with neat sketch. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Describe various sources for production of CNG and biogas. 07
(b) Discuss performance and emission characteristic of Hydrogen as fuel.

Q.4 (a) Explain gaseous Fuels with different application. 07

(b) Explain any one Hydrogen Production methods. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Describe process of converting coal in to liquid fuel.
(b) Compare performance of different High energy and power density batteries. 07

Q.5 (a) Explain layout and major components of solar powered car with neat sketch. 07
(b) Enlist and compare different configurations of hybrid vehicle. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Describe construction and working of parallel hybrid vehicle with neat sketch. 07
(b) Explain working principle of Fuel cell vehicle. 07

*************

1
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ME - SEMESTER–1 (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2018

Subject Code: 3711110 Date: 04/01/2019

Subject Name: Alternate Fuels and Energy
Time: 02:30 PM To 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full mark.

Q.1 (a) Describe availability and compare important properties of major alternate fuel. 07
(b) Describe advantages of conventional and alternative fuel with example. 07

Q.2 (a) Explain Properties as engine fuels Alcohols and Gasoline blends. 07
(b) Explain duel fuel system with neat sketch. 07
OR
(b) Describe detail performance of Biogas in internal combustion Engine. 07

Q.3 (a) Describe process of converting coal in to liquid fuel. 07

(b) Explain production method of Methanol. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain trans-esterification process for biodiesel production. 07
(b) Explain Storage and handling Process of Gaseous Fuels. 07

Q.4 (a) Enlist and compare importance properties of CNG, LPG and gasoline fuel. 07
(b) Explain Performance and Emission characteristics of vegetable oils for engines. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain modifications required to use LPG as fuel in IC Engine. 07
(b) Describe varies sources for production of CNG and Biogas. 07

Q.5 (a) Draw the layout of an electric vehicle and explain major components with neat 07
sketch.
(b) Explain working principle of Fuel cell. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Differentiate between series Hybrid and parallel Hybrid vehicles and explain 07
with neat sketch.
(b) Give the advantages and disadvantages of Hydrogen gases. 07

*************

1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ME – SEMESTER – I (New) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2018
Subject Code: 2711110 Date: 14-Dec-2018
Subject Name: Alternate Fuels and Energy
Time: 10:30 AM To 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Explain the need of Alternative Fuels and Energy for India. 07
(b) Describe availability and compare important properties of major alternate fuels. 07
Q.2 (a) Discuss merits and demerits of CNG, Alcohols and Hydrogen as alternative fuels. 07
(b) Define reformed alcohol and discuss performance of CI Engine using reformed 07
alcohol as fuel.
OR
(b) Discuss merits and demerits of biodiesel and biogas as alternate fuels for IC 07
Engine.
Q.3 (a) Describe properties of Ethanol and explain method of its production. 07
(b) Explain modification required in engine to use ethanol as fuel. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain performance of Methanol-Gasoline blends in SI Engines. 07
(b) Explain Esterification process in brief. Discuss various parameters affecting yield 07
and properties of biodiesel during Esterification.
Q.4 (a) Describe Performance and Emission characteristics of Shale oil in IC Engine. 07
(b) Describe process of converting coal in to liquid fuel 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Discuss problems occurred while using neat vegetable oil as alternative fuel. 07
(b) Enlist type of hybrid vehicles available and explain construction and working of 07
any one hybrid vehicle with neat sketch.
Q.5 (a) Discuss storage, handling and safety aspects of Hydrogen. 07
(b) Enlist different methods to run the vehicle with hydrogen as fuel. Explain 07
construction and working of Fuel cell vehicle.
OR
Q.5 (a) Draw layout of LPG kit with location of major components for hatch back 07
vehicle.
(b) Describe Layout of an electric vehicle with neat sketch. 07

*************

1
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ME SEMESTER – I EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2017

Subject Code: 2711110 Date: 11/05/2017

Subject Name: Alternate Fuels and Energy
Time: 2:30 PM TO 5:30 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Describe promising alternative fuels, their potential and importance in India. 07
(b) Discuss merits and demerits of LPG and CNG as automotive fuel. 07
Q.2 (a) Discuss fuel properties of Methanol and Ethanol compared to Gasoline. 07
(b) Describe use of shale oil, Coal liquid and Tar as alternate fuels. 07
OR
(b) Describe and Compare alcohols and vegetable oil as alternate fuels for IC 07
Engine.
Q.3 (a) Discuss performance and emission characteristic of Biodiesel as fuel. 07
(b) Describe performance and emission characteristic of IC engine using Alcohol 07
Diesel emulsions as fuel.
OR
Q.3 (a) Enlist and discuss use of ignition accelerators in IC Engine. 07
(b) Describe production method of Biodiesel from Vegetable oil. 07
Q.4 (a) Discuss performance and emission characteristic of CNG as fuel. 07
(b) Explain storage, handling and safety aspects for Hydrogen fuel. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Describe modifications required to use LPG fuel in present SI Engine. 07
(b) Explain storage, handling and safety aspects for CNG fuel. 07
Q.5 (a) Describe importance, need and applications of high energy and power density 07
batteries.
(b) Explain layout and major components of solar powered car with neat sketch. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Enlist and compare different configurations of hybrid vehicle. 07
(b) Enlist and describe modern technologies in the field of IC Engine. 07

*************

1
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
ME – SEMESTER I (NEW) – • EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2016
Subject Code: 2711110 Date:19/05/2016
Subject Name: Alternate Fuels and Energy
Time: 02:30 pm to 05:00 pm Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Discuss importance and need of Alternative Fuels in India. 07

(b) Describe advantages and disadvantages of conventional and alternative fuels. 07
Q.2 (a) Describe properties of Ethanol and explain method of its production. 07
(b) Discuss performance of Reformed alcohol in CI Engines. 07
OR
(b) Describe Availability and Comparative properties of Alternate fuels for CI 07
Engine.
Q.3 (a) Explain trans-esterification process for biodiesel production. 07
(b) Describe performance and emission characteristic of Vegetable oil as fuel. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Describe modification required to use CNG fuel in SI Engine. 07
(b) Discuss performance and emission characteristic of Biodiesel as fuel. 07
Q.4 (a) Enlist and compare important properties of CNG, LPG and gasoline fuel. 07
(b) Discuss performance and emission characteristic of CNG as fuel. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Describe Storage & handling and Safety aspects while using hydrogen fuel. 07
(b) Discuss performance and emission characteristic of LPG as fuel. 07
Q.5 (a) Describe hybrid vehicle with neat sketch. Differentiate between series and 07
parallel hybrid vehicles.
(b) Compare performance of different High energy and power density batteries. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Describe Layout of an electric vehicle with neat sketch. 07
(b) Discuss performance and emission characteristic of Hydrogen as fuel. 07

*************

1
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ME – SEMESTER – 1 • EXAMINATION – WINTER 2016

Subject Code: 2711110 Date:06/01/2017

Subject Name: Alternate Fuels and Energy
Time:2.30 to 5.00 Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Discuss major drawbacks of present conventional fuels. 07

(b) Compare availability and major properties of Ethanol, Methanol and Gasoline 07
fuels.
Q.2 (a) Discuss merits and demerits of Hydrogen and CNG as alternate Fuel. 07
(b) Describe method for production of Ethanol. 07
OR
(b) Describe method for production of Methanol. 07
Q.3 (a) Discuss Performance and Emission characteristics of IC Engine using biogas as 07
fuel.
(b) Discuss Performance and Emission characteristics of stratified charge engine 07
using alcohol as fuel.
OR
Q.3 (a) Discuss Performance and Emission characteristics of SI Engine using methanol 07
as fuel.
(b) Describe safety aspects during storage and handling of gaseous fuels. 07
Q.4 (a) Discuss Performance and Emission characteristics of CI Engine running on 07
biodiesel without any modification.
(b) Discuss IC engine performance improvement using Ignition accelerators. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain dual fuel systems with neat sketch. 07
(b) Describe modification required to use LPG in present SI Engine. 07
Q.5 (a) Describe various sources for production of CNG and biogas. 07
(b) Explain working principle of Fuel cell vehicle. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Enlist different methods of hydrogen production. Explain any one method in 07
detail.
(b) Describe construction and working of parallel hybrid vehicle with neat sketch. 07

*************

1
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ME - SEMESTER– I (New course)• REMEDIAL EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2015
Subject Code: 2711110 Date:19/05/2015
Subject Name: Alternate Fuels and Energy
Time: 10:30 am to 1:00 pm Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Explain importance of need for alternative fuels in India. 07

(b) Describe availability and compare important properties of major alternate fuels. 07
Q.2 (a) Explain dual fuel system with neat sketch. 07
(b) Describe in detail performance of Biogas in Internal Combustion engine. 07
OR
(b) Discuss performance of Reformed alcohol in CI Engines. 07
Q.3 (a) Describe Performance and Emission characteristics of Shale oil in IC Engine. 07
(b) Explain performance of Methanol-Gasoline blends in SI Engines. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Enlist methods for Ethanol production. Explain any one with neat sketch. 07
(b) With neat sketch explain Esterification process for biodiesel production. 07
Q.4 (a) Describe and compare performance of LPG in SI and CI Engines. 07
(b) Discuss storage, handling and safety aspects of Hydrogen. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain modifications required in Engine to use CNG. 07
(b) Discuss use and performance of Hydrogen as Alternative in IC Engines. 07
Q.5 (a) Describe modification required to use biodiesel in CI Engine. 07
(b) Explain and compare series Hybrid and Parallel Hybrid vehicles with neat 07
sketch.
OR
Q.5 (a) Draw layout of an Electric vehicle and explain major components with neat 07
sketch.
(b) Compare performance of different High energy and power density batteries. 07

*************

1
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ME - SEMESTER–I(New course)• EXAMINATION – WINTER- 2015

Subject Code: 2711110 Date: 04/01/2016

Subject Name: Alternate Fuels and Energy
Time: 2:30 pm to 5:00 pm Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Discuss merits and demerits of CNG, Biodiesel, Alcohols and Hydrogen as 07
alternative fuels.
(b) Compare important properties and discuss availability of various alternate fuels 07
for an automobile.
Q.2 (a) Describe production process of ethanol from raw material. 07
(b) Explain modification required in engine to use ethanol as fuel. 07
OR
(b) Describe use of reformed alcohol in CI Engine 07
Q.3 (a) Describe need for an alternative fuel in India 07
(b) Describe Performance and Emission characteristics of biodiesel in CI Engine 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Discuss operating parameters that affect yield and quality of biodiesel 07
(b) Describe process of converting coal in to liquid fuel 07
Q.4 (a) Describe modification required in IC engine to use CNG as fuel 07
(b) Describe Performance and Emission characteristics of CNG in SI Engine 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Enlist different methods to run the vehicle with hydrogen as fuel. Explain 07
construction and working of Fuel cell vehicle.
(b) Describe Performance and Emission characteristics of LPG in SI Engine 07
Q.5 (a) Enlist advantages of Li Ion battery. Explain working of Li ion battery with neat 07
sketch.
(b) Compare series and parallel hybrid vehicles 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Describe construction and working of electric vehicle with neat sketch 07
(b) Enlist and describe different Ignition Accelerator used in automobile 07

*************