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Chapter 1 General Requirements (Edited by ACA 15feb10)
Chapter 1 General Requirements (Edited by ACA 15feb10)
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...........3
SECTION 101 - TITLE, PURPOSE AND SCOPE......3
101.1 Title......................................................................3
101.2 Purpose................................................................3
101.3 Scope...................................................................3
101.4 Alternative Systems.............................................3
SECTION 102 - DEFINITIONS....................................3
SECTION 103 - CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS4
103.1 Nature of Occupancy...........................................4
SECTION 104 - DESIGN REQUIREMENTS.............5
104.1 Strength Requirement..........................................5
104.2 Serviceability Requirement.................................5
104.2.1 General.........................................................5
104.3 Analysis...............................................................5
104.3.1 Stability Against Overturning.......................6
104.3.2 Self-Straining Forces....................................6
104.3.3 Anchorage.....................................................6
104.4 Foundation Investigation.....................................6
104.5 Design Review....................................................6
104. 6 Erection of Structural Framing...........................6
SECTION 105 - POSTING AND INSTRUMENTATION 7
105.1 Posting of Live Loads.........................................7
105.2 Earthquake Recording Instrumentation...............7
105.2.1 General.........................................................7
105.2.2 Location........................................................7
105.2.3 Maintenance.................................................7
105.2.4 Instrumentation of Selected Buildings.........7
SECTION 106 - SPECIFICATIONS, DRAWINGS AND CALCULATIONS 7
106.1 General................................................................7
106.2 Specifications......................................................7
106.3 Design Drawings.................................................7
106.3.1 General.........................................................7
106.3.2 Required Information...................................7
106.3.2.1 General Information..................................7
106.3.2.2 Structural Concrete....................................8
106.3.2.3 Structural Steel..........................................8
106.4 Calculations.........................................................8
106.4.1 General.........................................................8
106.4.2 Basis of Design Summary............................8
106.4.3 Computer Programs......................................8
106.4.4 Model Analysis.............................................9
106.5 As-built Drawings...........................................9
SECTION 107 - STRUCTURAL INSPECTIONS, TESTS AND STRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS 9
107.1 General................................................................9
107.2 Definitions...........................................................9
107.3 Inspection Program...........................................10
108.1 General..............................................................14
108.2 Maintenance.....................................................14
108.3 Additions, Alterations or Repairs......................14
108.3.1 General.......................................................14
108.3.2 When Allowed by the Building Official.....14
108.3.3 Nonstructural..............................................15
108.3.4 Historic Buildings......................................15
108.4 Change in Use...................................................15
SECTION 109 - GRADING AND EARTHWORK..15
109.1 General..............................................................15
109.1.1 Scope..........................................................15
109.2 Definitions.........................................................15
109.3 Permits Required..............................................16
109.3.1 Permits Required........................................16
109.3.2 Exempted Work..........................................16
109.4 Hazards..............................................................17
109.5 Grading Permit Requirements...........................17
109.5.1 General.......................................................17
109.5.2 Grading Designation..................................17
109.5.3 Engineered Grading Requirements............17
109.5.4 Geotechnical Engineering Report..............18
109.5.5 Engineering Geology Report......................18
109.5.6 Regular Grading Requirements..................18
109.6 Grading Inspection............................................18
109.6.1 General.......................................................18
109.6.2 Civil Engineer.............................................18
109.6.3 Geotechnical Engineer................................18
109.6.4 Engineering Geologist................................18
109.6.5 Permittee.....................................................19
109.6.6 Building Official.........................................19
109.6.7 Notification of Noncompliance..................19
109.6.8 Transfer of Responsibility..........................19
109.7 Completion of Work..........................................19
109.7.1 Final Reports..............................................19
109.7.2 Notification of Completion........................19
CHAPTER 1 – GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
101.1 Title
These regulations shall be known as the National
Structural Code of the Philippines 6th Edition 2010,
may be cited as such and will be referred to herein as “this
code."
101.2 Purpose shown by successful use and by analysis and test, but
The purpose of this code is to provide minimum load which does not conform to or is not covered by this code,
requirements for the design of buildings and other shall have the right to present the data on which their
structures and minimum standards and guidelines to design is based to the building official or to a board of
safeguard life or limb, property and public welfare by examiners appointed by the building official. This board
regulating and controlling the design, construction, shall be composed of competent structural engineers and
quality of materials pertaining to the structural aspects of shall have authority to investigate the data so submitted,
all buildings and structures within this jurisdiction. to require tests, and to formulate rules governing design
and construction of such systems to meet the intent of this
code. These rules, when approved and promulgated by
101.3 Scope the building official, shall be of the same force and effect
The provisions of this code shall apply to the as the provisions of this code.
construction, alteration, moving, demolition, repair,
maintenance and use of any building or structure within
this jurisdiction, except transmission towers and poles, SECTION 102 - DEFINITIONS
hydraulic flood control structures, and indigeneous family
dwellings. For the purpose of this code, certain terms, phrases, words
and their derivatives shall be construed as specified in this
Special structures such as but not limited to storage silos chapter and elsewhere in this code where specific
and liquid product tanks should be referred to special definitions are provided. Terms, phrases and words used
state of practice literature but shall refer to provisions of in the singular include the plural and vice versa. Terms,
this code as a minimum wherever applicable. phrases and words used in the masculine gender include
the feminine and vice versa.
Following are the different volumes of this code:
The following terms are defined for use in this chapter:
Volume I - Buildings, Towers and Other Vertical
Structures ADDITION is an extension or increase in floor area or
Volume II - Bridges height of a building or structure.
Volume III - Housing
Volume IV - Railways ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN is a method of
Volume V - Ports and Harbors proportioning structural members such that elastically
computed stresses produced in the members by nominal
For additions, alterations, maintenance, and change in use loads do not exceed specified allowable stresses (also
of buildings and structures, see Section 108. called WORKING STRESS DESIGN).
Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code ALTER or ALTERATION is any change, addition or
specify different materials, methods of construction or modification in construction or occupancy.
other requirements, the most restrictive provisions shall
govern except in the case of single family dwellings. APPROVED as to materials and types of construction,
Where there is a conflict between a general requirement refers to approval by the building official as the result of
and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall investigation and tests conducted by the building official,
be applicable. Wherever in this code reference is made to or by reason of accepted principles or tests by recognized
an appendix, the provisions in the appendix shall not authorities, technical or scientific organizations.
apply unless specifically adopted.
AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION is the
organization, political subdivision, office or individual
101.4 Alternative Systems charged with the responsibility of administering and
The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the enforcing the provisions of this code.
use of any material, alternate design or method of
construction not specifically prescribed by this code, BUILDING is any structure usually enclosed by walls
provided any alternate has been permitted and its use and a roof, constructed to provide support or shelter for an
authorized by the building official. intended use or occupancy.
104.3 Analysis
Any system or method of construction to be used shall be
based on a rational analysis in accordance with well-
established principles of mechanics that take into account
equilibrium, general stability, geometric compatibility and
both short- and long-term material properties. Members
that tend to accumulate residual deformations under
repeated service loads shall have included in their analysis
the added eccentricities expected to occur during their
service life. Such analysis shall result in a system that
provides a complete load path capable of transferring all
loads and forces from their point of origin to the load-
resisting elements. The analysis shall include, but not be
limited to, the provisions of Sections 104.3.1 through Detailed requirements for foundation investigations shall
104.3.3. be in accordance with Section 303 of this code.
SECTION 105 - POSTING AND The authorities having jurisdiction shall make
arrangements to provide, maintain and service the
INSTRUMENTATION instruments. Data shall be the property of the authorities
having jurisdiction, but copies of individual records shall
be made available to the owner of the building and to the
public on request and after the payment of an appropriate
105.1 Posting of Live Loads fee.
The live loads for which each floor or portion thereof of a
commercial or industrial building has been designed shall
have such design live loads conspicuously posted by the SECTION 106 - SPECIFICATIONS,
owner in that part of each story in which they apply, using DRAWINGS AND
durable metal signs. It shall be unlawful to remove or
deface such notices. The occupant of the building shall be CALCULATIONS
responsible for keeping the actual load below the
allowable limits. 106.1 General
Copies of design calculations, reports, plans,
105.2 Earthquake Recording Instrumentation specifications and inspection program for all
constructions shall bear signature and seal of the
engineer-of-record.
105.2.1 General.
Unless waived by the building official, every building in
Seismic Zone 4 over thirty (30) storeys in height shall be 106.2 Specifications
provided with not less than three approved recording The specifications shall contain information covering the
accelerographs. The accelerographs shall be material and construction requirements. The materials and
interconnected for common start and common timing. construction requirements shall conform to the
specifications referred to in Chapters 3 to 7 of this code.
105.2.2 Location.
The instruments shall be located in the basement, 106.3 Design Drawings
midportion, and near the top of the building. Each
instrument shall be located so that access is maintained at 106.3.1 General.
all times and is unobstructed by room contents. A sign
The design drawings shall be drawn to scale upon
stating “MAINTAIN CLEAR ACCESS TO THIS
substantial paper or cloth and shall be of sufficient clarity
INSTRUMENT” shall be posted in a conspicuous
to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work
location.
proposed. The drawings shall show a complete design
with sizes, sections, relative locations and connection
105.2.3 Maintenance. details of the various members. Floor levels, column
Maintenance and service of the instruments shall be centers and offsets shall be dimensioned. Where available
provided by the owner of the building, subject to the and feasible, archive copies shall be maintained in durable
monitoring of the building official. Data produced by the medium such as compact disc (CD) and digital versatile
instruments shall be made available to the building disc (DVD).
official or the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology on request. 106.3.2 Required Information.
The design drawings shall contain, but not be limited to,
105.2.4 Instrumentation of Selected Buildings. the general information listed in Section 106.3.2.1 and
All owners of existing structures selected by the material specific information listed in Sections 106.3.2.2
authorities having jurisdiction shall provide accessible and 106.3.2.3, as applicable.
space for the installation of appropriate earthquake-
recording instruments. Location of said instruments shall 106.3.2.1 General Information.
be determined by the authorities having jurisdiction.
1. Name and date of issue of building code and
supplements, if any, to which the design conforms.
2. Strengths or designations of materials to be used. 3. The type of connection for joints using high-strength
bolts.
3. Design strengths of underlying soil or rock. The soil
or rock profile, when available, shall be provided. 4. Stiffener and bracing requirements.
4. Live loads and other loads used in design and clearly 5. Description or explanation of welding and inspection
indicated in the floor plans. symbols used on the design and shop drawings.
5. Seismic design basis including the total base shear 6. Notes for joints in which welding sequence and
coefficient; a description of the lateral load resisting technique of welding are required to be carefully
system; and the fundamental natural period in the controlled to minimize distortion.
design in each direction under consideration.
6. Provisions for dimensional changes resulting from 106.4 Calculations
creep, shrinkage, heave and temperature.
7. Camber of trusses, beams and girders, if required. 106.4.1 General.
8. Explanation or definition of symbols and Calculations pertinent to the structural design of
abbreviations used in the drawings. structures and its component members shall be filed with
the design drawings.
9. Engineer's professional license number and
expiration date of the current Professional Regulation
Commission registration. 106.4.2 Basis of Design Summary.
The calculations shall include a summary of the criteria
and methodologies used in the design. This summary
106.3.2.2 Structural Concrete
shall include, but need not be limited to, the following:
1. Specified compressive strength of concrete at stated
1. Name and date of issue of building code and
ages or stages of construction for which each part of
supplements, if any, to which the design conforms.
structure is designed. The 28-day compressive
strength shall be the basis of design in service. 2. Strengths or designations of materials to be used for
each component of the structure.
2. Anchorage embedment lengths or cutoff points of
steel reinforcement; and location and length of lap 3. Design strengths and other design parameters of the
splices. underlying soil or rock.
3. Type and location of welded splices and mechanical 4. Live loads and other loads used in design.
connections of reinforcement.
5. The basis of the seismic and wind design forces.
4. Magnitude and location of prestressing forces.
6. A description of the structure's gravity and lateral
5. Minimum concrete compressive strength at time of load resisting systems. A description of the roof,
post-tensioning. floor, foundation and other component systems shall
also be provided.
6. Stressing sequence for post-tensioned tendons.
7. A description procedures used in the structural
7. Details and location of all contraction or isolation
analysis. This shall include the section and material
joints specified for plain concrete in Section 422.
properties used, loading combinations considered,
8. Statement if concrete slab is designed as a structural second-order effects considerations, and any
diaphragm, as specified in Section 421.8.3 and simplifying assumptions made.
421.8.4.
106.4.3 Computer Programs.
106.3.2.3 Structural Steel Calculations may include the results from an electronic
1. Type or types of construction as defined in Section digital computer analysis. The following requirements
501.2.2. apply to calculations which include such computer output.
2. Loads and design requirements necessary for 1. A drawing of the complete mathematical model used
preparation of shop drawings including shears, to represent the structure in the computer-generated
moments, and axial forces to be resisted by all analysis shall be provided. Design assumptions shall
members and their connections. be clearly described.
2. A program description giving the program name, the Copies of the as-built drawings shall be provided to the
version number, and the company which developed owner, constructor, engineer-of-record and the building
the program and its address shall be provided as part official.
of the computation documentation. A program User's
Guide shall also be made available, upon request, and
shall contain the information to determine the nature
and extent of the analysis, verify the input data,
interpret the result, and determine whether the
computations comply with the requirements of this
code.
3. Data provided, as computer input shall be clearly
distinguished from those computed in the program.
The information required in the output shall include
date of processing, program identification, and
identification of structures being analyzed, all input
data, units and final results. An archived copy of all
computer runs shall be stored in CD or DVD.
4. The first sheet of each computer run shall be signed
of the engineer-of-record.
SECTION 107 - STRUCTURAL observation does not include or waive the responsibility
for the structural inspections required by section 107.1 or
INSPECTIONS, TESTS AND other sections of this code.
STRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS
107.3 Inspection Program
107.1 General The structural engineer-of-record shall prepare an
All construction or work for which a permit is required appropriate testing and inspection program that shall be
shall be subject to inspection throughout the various work submitted to the building official. The inspection
stages. One or more structural inspectors who are program shall designate the portions of the work that
registered civil engineers with experience in structural require structural inspections and indicate the duties of the
construction, who shall undertake competent inspection structural inspectors.
during construction on the types of work listed under
Section 107.5, shall be employed by the owner or the When structural observation is required by Section 107.9,
engineer-of- record acting as the owner's agent. the inspection program shall describe the stages of
construction at which structural observation is to occur.
Exception:
The building official may waive the requirement for the The inspection program shall include samples of
employment of a structural inspector if the construction is inspection reports and provide time limits for submission
of a minor nature. of reports.
Exception: Exception:
For hollow-unit masonry where the fm is no more than 10 Shotcrete work fully supported on earth, minor repairs
MPa for concrete units or 18 MPa for clay units, and when, in the opinion of the building official, no
structural inspection may be performed as required for special hazard exists.
fully grouted open-end hollow-unit masonry specified in
Section 107.5.7.2. 107.5.13 Special Grading, Excavation and Filling.
During earthwork excavations, grading and filling
107.5.7.2 General. operations inspection to satisfy requirements of Chapter 3
For fully grouted open-end hollow-unit masonry during and Section 109.5.
preparation and taking of any required prisms or test
specimens, at the start of laying units, after the placement 107.5.14 Special Cases.
of reinforcing steel, grout space prior to each grouting Work that, in the opinion of the structural engineer,
operation, and during all grouting operations. involves unusual hazards or conditions.
Exception:
Structural inspection as required in Sections 107.5.7.1 107.5.15 Non-Destructive Testing.
and 107.5.7.2 need not be provided when design stresses In-situ non-destructive testing program, in addition to the
have been adjusted as specified in Chapter 7 to permit requirements of Section 107.8 that in the opinion of the
noncontinuous inspection. structural engineer may supplement or replace
conventional tests on concrete or other materials and
107.5.8 Reinforced Gypsum Concrete. assemblies.
When cast-in-place Class B gypsum concrete is being
mixed and placed. 107.6 Approved Fabricators
Structural inspections required by this section and
107.5.9 Insulating Concrete Fill. elsewhere in this code are not required where the work is
done on the premises of a fabricator approved by the
During the application of insulating concrete fill when structural engineer to perform such work without
used as part of a structural system. structural inspection. The approved fabricator shall submit
a certificate of compliance that the work was performed
107.8.2.1 General.
107.8.3 Others.
All complete penetration groove welds contained in joints
The structural engineer may accept or require in place
and splices shall be tested 100 percent either by ultrasonic
non-destructive testing of concrete or other materials and
testing or by radiography.
assemblies to supplement or replace conventional tests.
Exceptions:
1. When approved, the nondestructive testing rate for 107.9 Structural Observation
an individual welder or welding operator may be
reduced to 25 percent, provided the reject rate is
107.9.1 General.
demonstrated to be 5 percent or less of the welds
tested for the welder or welding operator. A sampling Structural observation shall be provided in Seismic Zone
of at least 40 completed welds for a job shall be 4 when one of the following conditions exists:
made for such reduction evaluation. Reject rate is 1. The structure is defined in Table 103-1 as Occupancy
defined as the number of welds containing rejectable Category I, II or III;
defects divided by the number of welds completed.
For evaluating the reject rate of continuous welds 2. The structure is in Seismic Zone 4, Na as set forth in
over 900 mm in length where the effective throat Table 208-4 is greater than 1.0, and a lateral design is
thickness is 25 mm or less, each 300 mm increment required for the entire structure;
or fraction thereof shall be considered as one weld. 3. When so designated by the structural engineer, or
For evaluating the reject rate on continuous welds
over 900 mm in length where the effective throat 4. When such observation is specifically required by the
thickness is greater than 25 mm, each 150 mm of building official.
length or fraction thereof shall be considered one
weld.
107.9.2 Structural Observer.
2. For complete penetration groove welds on materials The owner shall employ the engineer responsible for the
less than 8-mm thick, nondestructive testing is not structural design, or another engineer designated by the
required; for this welding, continuous inspection is engineer responsible for the structural design, to perform
required. structural observation as defined in Section 107.2.
3. When approved by the building official and outlined
in the project plans and specifications, this Observed deficiencies shall be reported in writing to the
nondestructive ultrasonic testing may be performed owner's representative, structural inspector, contractor and
in the shop of an approved fabricator utilizing the building official. The structural observer shall submit
qualified test techniques in the employment of the to the building official a written statement duly signed and
fabricator. sealed, that the site visits have been made and identifying
any reported deficiencies that, to the best of the structural conforms to that required for a new building or structure
observer's knowledge, have not been resolved. and provided further that such approval by the building
official is in writing.
107.9.3 Construction Stages for Observations.
Additions or alterations shall not be made to an existing
The structural observations shall be performed at the building or structure that will cause the existing building
construction stages prescribed by the inspection program or structure to become unsafe. An unsafe condition shall
prepared as required by Section 107.3. be deemed to have been created if an addition or
alteration will cause any structural element of the existing
It shall be the duty of the person doing the work building or structure to resist loads in excess of their
authorized by the permit to notify the structural observer capacity or cause a reduction of their load carrying
that the described construction stages have been reached, capacity.
and to provide access to and means for observing the
components of the structural system. Additions or alterations shall not be made to an existing
building or structure when such existing building or
structure is not in full compliance with the provisions of
SECTION 108 – EXISTING this code except when such addition or alteration will
STRUCTURES result in the existing building or structure being no more
hazardous based on structural safety, than before such
additions or alterations are undertaken.
108.1 General
Buildings in existence at the time of the adoption of this Exceptions:
code may have their existing use or occupancy continued, Alterations to existing structural elements or additions of
if such use or occupancy was legal at the time of the new structural elements, which are initiated for the
adoption of this code, provided such continued use is not purpose of increasing the strength or stiffness of the
dangerous to life. lateral-force-resisting system of an existing structure,
need not be designed for forces conforming to these
Any change in the use or occupancy of any existing regulations provided that an engineering analysis is
building or structure shall comply with the provisions of submitted to show that:
Sections 108.4 of this code.
1. The capacity of existing structural elements required
to resist forces is not reduced;
108.2 Maintenance
2. The lateral force to required existing structural
All buildings and structures, both existing and new, and elements is not increased beyond their design
all parts thereof, shall be maintained in a safe condition. strength.
The owner or the owner's designated agent shall be
responsible for the maintenance of buildings and 3. New structural elements are detailed and connected
structures. To determine compliance with this subsection, to the existing structural elements as required by
the building official may cause a structure to be these regulations; and
reinspected. 4. New or relocated non-structural elements are
detailed and connected to existing or new structural
108.3 Additions, Alterations or Repairs elements as required by these regulations.
of a building or structure may be made without BEDROCK is in-place solid or altered rock.
conformance to all the requirements of this code when
authorized by the building official, provided: BENCH is a relatively level step excavated into earth
material on which fill is to be placed.
1. The building or structure has been designated by
official action of the legally constituted authority of
BORROW is earth material acquired from an off-site
this jurisdiction as having special historical or
location for use in grading on a site.
architectural significance.
2. Any structurally unsafe conditions are corrected. CIVIL ENGINEER is a professional engineer licensed
to practice in the field of civil engineering.
3. The restored building or structure will be no more
hazardous based on life safety than the existing
building. CIVIL ENGINEERING is the application of the
knowledge of the forces of nature, principles of
mechanics and the properties of materials to the
108.4 Change in Use evaluation, design and construction of civil works.
No change shall be made in the character of occupancies
or use of any building unless the new or proposed use is COMPACTION is the densification of a fill by
less hazardous, based on life safety than the existing use. mechanical or chemical means.
A change in use or occupancy of any building shall be
allowed only when the change in use or occupancy will EARTH MATERIAL is any rock, natural soil or fill or
not cause any structural element of the existing building any combination thereof.
to resist loads, determined on the basis on this code and
on the proposed use or occupancy, in excess of their ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST is a licensed geologist
capacity. Alterations to the existing building shall be experienced and knowledgeable in engineering geology.
permitted to satisfy this requirement.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY is the application of
No change in the character of occupancy of a building geologic knowledge and principles in the investigation
shall be made without a new certificate of occupancy and evaluation of naturally occurring rock and soil for use
regardless of whether any alterations to the building are in the design of civil works.
required.
EROSION is the wearing away of the ground surface as a
result of the movement of wind, water or ice.
SECTION 109 - GRADING AND
EARTHWORK EXCAVATION is the mechanical removal of earth
material.
AS GRADED is the extent of surface conditions on EXISTING GRADE is the grade prior to grading.
completion of grading.
FINISH GRADE is the final grade of the site that
conforms to the approved plan.
ROUGH GRADE is the stage at which the grade unsupported height greater than 1.5 meters after the
approximately conforms to the approved plan. completion of such structure;
3. Cemetery graves;
GRADING is an excavator or fill or combination thereof.
4. Refuse disposal sites controlled by other regulations;
KEY is a designed compacted fill placed in a trench
5. Excavations for wells, or trenches for utilities;
excavated in earth material beneath the toe of a slope.
6. Mining, quarrying, excavating, processing or
PROFESSIONAL INSPECTION is the inspection stockpiling of rock, sand, gravel, aggregate or clay
required by this code to be performed by the civil controlled by other regulations, provided such
engineer, geotechnical engineer or engineering geologist. operations do not affect the lateral support of, or
Such inspections include that performed by persons increase stresses in, soil on adjoining properties;
supervised by such engineers or geologists and shall be
7. Exploratory excavations performed under the
sufficient to form an opinion relating to the conduct of the
direction of a registered geotechnical engineer or
work.
engineering geologist;
SITE is any lot or parcel of land or contiguous 8. An excavation that (1) is less than 600 mm in depth
combination thereof, under the same ownership, where or (2) does not create a cut slope greater than 1.5 m in
grading is performed or permitted. height and steeper than 1 unit vertical in 1½ units
horizontal (66.7% slope); and
SLOPE is an inclined ground surface the inclination of
9. A fill less than 300 mm in depth and placed on
which is expressed as a ratio of vertical distance to
natural terrain with a slope flatter than 1 unit vertical
horizontal distance.
in 5 units horizontal (20% slope), or less than 900
mm in depth, not intended to support structures, that
SOIL is naturally occurring superficial deposits overlying does not exceed 40 m3 on any one lot and does not
bedrock. obstruct a drainage course.
SOILS ENGINEER. See Geotechnical Engineer. Exemption from the permit requirements of this section
shall not be deemed to grant authorization for any work to
SOILS ENGINEERING. See Geotechnical Engineering. be done in any manner in violation of the provisions of
this code or any other laws or ordinances of this
TERRACE is a relatively level step constructed in the jurisdiction.
face of a graded slope surface for drainage and
maintenance purposes.
109.4 Hazards
109.3 Permits Required Whenever the building official determines that any
existing excavation or embankment or fill on private
property has become a hazard to life and limb, or
109.3.1 Permits Required. endangers property, or adversely affects the safety, use or
Except as specified in Section 109.3.2 of this section, no stability of a public way or drainage channel, the owner of
person shall do any grading without first having obtained the property upon which the excavation or fill is located,
a grading permit from the building official. or other person or agent in control of said property, upon
receipt of notice in writing from the building official,
shall within the period specified therein repair or
109.3.2 Exempted Work. eliminate such excavation or embankment to eliminate the
A grading permit shall not be required for the following: hazard and to be in conformance with the requirements of
this code.
1. Grading in an isolated, self-contained area if there is
no danger to private or public property.
109.5 Grading Permit Requirements
2. An excavation below finished grade for basements
and footings of a building, retaining wall or other
structure authorized by a valid building permit. This 109.5.1 General.
shall not exempt any fill made with the material from Except as exempted in Section 109.3.2 of this code, no
such excavation or exempt any excavation having an person shall do any grading without first obtaining a
grading permit from the building official. A separate
permit shall be obtained for each site, and may cover both adjacent owners that are within 4.5 m of the property
excavations and fills. or that may be affected by the proposed grading
operations.
109.5.2 Grading Designation. 6. Recommendations included in the geotechnical
Grading in excess of 4,000 m3 shall be performed in engineering report and the engineering geology
accordance with the approved grading plan prepared by a report shall be incorporated in the grading plans or
civil engineer, and shall be designated as "engineered specifications. When approved by the building
grading." Grading involving less than 4,000 m3 shall be official, specific recommendations contained in the
designated "regular grading" unless the permittee chooses geotechnical engineering report and the engineering
to have the grading performed as engineered grading, or geology report, which are applicable to grading, may
the building official determines that special conditions or be included by reference.
unusual hazards exist, in which case grading shall 7. The dates of the geotechnical engineering and
conform to the requirements for engineered grading. engineering geology reports together with the names,
addresses and phone numbers of the firms or
109.5.3 Engineered Grading Requirements. individuals who prepared the reports.
Application for a grading permit shall be accompanied by
two sets of plans and specifications, and supporting data 109.5.4 Geotechnical Engineering Report.
consisting of a geotechnical engineering report and The geotechnical engineering report required by Section
engineering geology report. Additionally, the application 109.5.3 shall include data regarding the nature,
shall state the estimated quantities of work involved. The distribution and strength of existing soil, conclusions and
plans and specifications shall be prepared and signed by recommendations for grading procedures and design
the civil engineer licensed to prepare such plans or criteria for corrective measures, including buttress fills,
specifications when required by the building official. when necessary, and opinion on adequacy for the intended
use of sites to be developed by the proposed grading as
Specifications shall contain information covering affected by geotechnical engineering factors, including
construction and material requirements. Plans shall be the stability of slopes.
drawn to scale upon substantial paper or cloth and shall be
of sufficient clarity to indicate the nature and extent of the Refer to Chapter 3 on Excavations and Foundations for
work proposed and show in detail that they will conform detailed requirements and guidelines.
to the provisions of this code and all relevant laws,
ordinances, rules and regulations. The first sheet of each 109.5.5 Engineering Geology Report.
set of plans shall give location of the work, the name and
The engineering geology report required by Section
address of the owner, and the person by whom they were
109.5.3 shall include an adequate description of the
prepared.
geology of the site, conclusions and recommendations
regarding the effect of geologic conditions on the
The plans shall include the following information:
proposed development, and opinion on the adequacy for
1. General vicinity map of the proposed site. the intended use of sites to be developed by the proposed
grading, as affected by geologic factors or hazards.
2. Property limits and accurate contours of existing
ground and details of terrain and area drainage.
109.5.6 Regular Grading Requirements.
3. Limiting dimensions elevations or finish contours to
be achieved by the grading, and proposed drainage Each application for a grading permit shall be
channels and related construction. accompanied by a plan in sufficient clarity to indicate the
nature and extent of the work, and state the estimated
4. Detailed plans of all surface and subsurface drainage quantities of work involved. The plans shall give the
devices, walls, cribbing, dams and other protective location of the work, the name of the owner and the name
devices to be constructed with, or as a part of, the of the person who prepared the plan. The plan shall
proposed work, together with a map showing the include the following information:
drainage area and the estimated runoff of the area
served by any drains. 1. General vicinity map of the proposed site.
5. Location of any buildings or structures on the 2. Limiting dimensions and depth of cut and fill.
property where the work is to be performed and the
location of any buildings or structures on land of