HOW TO DEVELOP A SIM…Science 9

Name: ________________________ Sec#: _______

ELEMENTS: Atomic Structure Notes

1. There are about 200 different kinds of particle that are actually smaller than an atom! These are
called _________________________________

There are three main kinds of sub-atomic particle: __________________

------------------------------

___________________
NUCLEUS - the core or center of an atom - about 99.9% of an atom’s mass is held in the nucleus
o but . . . the nucleus is only the total size of an atom example:
_________________________________________

2 of the main types of sub-atomic are found in an atom’s nucleus . . .

PROTONS

NEUTRONS
 Because sub-atomic particles are so incredibly small, they are measured in a specialized unit called
________________________ Neutrons are a very teensy bit bigger than protons; but we still measure
them as:____________________________ ____________________________

2. An element’s ________________________tells us the number of protons in the nucleus of a single

atom of said element; it also identifies the element and its position on the Periodic Table. NOTE: The
Atomic number of an element will NEVER change . . . so . . . the number of protons also
remains steady.

ELECTRONS:

June 27, 20160 Comments

Energy is the building block of all activities in the universe. Anything we do requires
energy. As such, it is important to understand what exactly energy conversion means, how
it works and what are the consequences of it.

The law of Conversion of Energy

The law of conversion of energy is one of the fundamental laws of Physics. It states that
energy can neither be created, nor destroyed. It is merely transferred from one form to
another. It implies that in a closed system, the net total energy will always remain constant.
The production of light from a bulb is one of the examples of energy conversions from
one form to another. Here, electric energy is transformed into light and heat energies.

Albert Einstein’s Theory of relativity proved that energy and mass are connected and that
one can be converted into another.
To understand the concept of conversion of energy, we first need to know how many types
of energy there are.

Types of energy conversions

In theory, any kind of energy can be converted into any other kind. The various types of
energies are listed below:

 Sound energy ( from sound waves)

 Mechanical energy (walking, running)
 Electrical energy (from the movement of electrons in an atom)
 Light energy
 Nuclear energy (nuclear fusion and fission)
 Thermal energy ( from heat)
 Chemical energy (fuel, gas, battery)
If we look around ourselves, we can see different energy conversions even in our daily
lives. From the electric lamp and television to the windmill and solar panel, everything uses
the principle of conversion of energy to do meaningful things.

Examples of energy conversions

Though there are countless examples of energy conversion, let us look at some of the
common forms of energy conversion.

 The sun transforms nuclear energy into electromagnetic energy (light, gamma rays,
ultraviolet rays) and thermal energy.
 Wind turbines convert mechanical energy of the wind to produce electrical energy.
 A microwave transforms electrical energy into thermal energy.
 The chemical energy of the food we eat is converted into mechanical energy which
helps us to do work and thermal energy, which keeps us warm.
 During the process of photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy.
PREDICT ENERGY TRANSFORMATION :