Carbon dioxide room

The nifas silk plant has its own 𝐶𝑂2 production plant. Carbon dioxide is one of the essential
components in beverage production process. The correct proportioning of carbon dioxide into the
beverage enhances both the beverage's taste and appearance. It also imparts a pungent, slightly
acidic taste to the finished product as well as creating greater eye appeal. To some extent it acts as
a preservative.

The molecule carbon dioxide has chemical formula CO2 and is made of one atom of carbon
covalently bonded to two atoms of oxygen. Under a pressure of about 59 atmospheres, it may be
condensed to a liquid, a portion of which forms a white solid (“dry ice”) upon rapid vaporization.
Solid carbon dioxide sublimes, or evaporates without melting, upon exposure to air. Carbon
dioxide gas is one of the ingredients found in all types of products. Without CO2 any of the
products won’t be possible. Therefore, CO2 is an essential content for the products. CO2 is a color
less, odor less and test less gas.

Some function of carbon dioxide in Pepsi cola plant:

 increases preservatives,
 increase acidity product
 act as antimicrobial agent
 Contribute to sensorial characteristics of the product.

Raw materials used for CO2 production are:

 Fuel oil – used for gas generation.

 Sodium Carbonate (soda ash) – used to remove SO2 and SO3 from flue gas or
neutralization purpose to regulate the pH of around 6 – 7.
 MEA (Mono ethanolamine) - used as carbon dioxide absorbent.
 PPM (Potassium Permanganate) – removes impurities from CO2.
 Activated Carbon – additive used as filtering aid.
 Ammonia gas – used as CO2 coolant.
 Anti-foam –reduce the foam formed during chemical reaction.

Process description of CO2 room

1. FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK

Fuel Oil Tanker is a tanker that used to store the basic source for the production of carbon dioxide,
which is fuel oil.
2. BOILER TANK

The boiler tank is the first equipment in the co2 production plant. It is where combustion reaction
occurs. Diesel oil and air are added and heated in the boiler releasing a flue gas.

A boiler tank which is a tank situated in carbon dioxide room is used to decompose fuel in to
different kind of gases by burning with in a temperature ranging from 210-280 degree Celsius such
as carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and other gases. The fuel oil will be brought into boiler
and the boiler will be generating CO2 by combustion of fuel oil. The boiler has three partitions.

1st one is where combustion reaction occurs

2nd one is where the flue gas moves

3rd one is where MEA solution moves and is heated

Naphtha + O2  flue gas + H2O

3. SODA SCRUBBER

The soda solution is circulated in the system by means of soda scrubber pump and the heat is
removed in the soda cooling using cooling water. The fuel gas from the boiler contains some
Sulphur oxides (SO2 and SO3) that are formed due to Sulphur content in the fuel oil. Sulphur and
Sulphur oxide components are very harm full to the CO2 plant. They cause corrosion on the plant
and if entering the MEA (Mono ethanol amine) system they will degrade the solution. Therefore,
a chemical called sodium carbonate or soda ash will be added in soda scrubber in order to remove
the Sulphur.

4. ABSORBER

The gases except sulfur enter absorber tower where carbon dioxide is absorbed by MEA chemical
and the rest of gases evaporate. It is used to avoid MEA droplets to escape with the gas going to
free air. The white smoke coming from the absorber outlet is mainly water vapor, nitrogen, and
O2. The CO2 content must be exceeding 0.5-1%. The CO2 content out of the absorber is one of the
most important values to know when troubleshooting the generating unit.
5. STRIPPER

The mixture of MEA chemical and carbon dioxide enter stripper tower where they are separate
from one another by using stripper which is found inside the tower. The rich lye containing CO 2
is preheated in the lye cooler before entering stripper. In order to release CO2 from the lye solution,
the solution must be heated to its boiling point. The steam and CO2 is separated from the MEA
and gases to the gas cooler from the top of the stripper and MEA is circulated back to the Boiler.

6. HEAT EXCHANGER

It is also called gas cooler. During stripper the mechanism used to separate CO2 and MEA was
heat. Then this heat must be decrease before further processing and it is done by using heat
exchanger. After heat exchanger, CO2 will be cooled.

7. WATER SEPARATOR

When CO2 passed through heat exchanger it will be cooled and it may absorb the moisture.
Therefore, this water separator separates the moisture from CO2.

8. PPM SCRUBBER

The C02 coming from the stripper, has a high temperature therefore, before going into the ppm
scrubber it passes through a heat exchanger. Followed by this, the CO2 flows into a ppm
scrubber for purification where, an oxidation reaction takes place. Potassium per manganate
(KMno4), oxidizes Hydrogen Sulfide and organic odors.

PPM solution is used as an oxidizing agent.

 It oxidizes other gases except CO2.

 It removes all organic materials and impurities.
 It increases contact and surface area

9. DEHYDRATOR

Although cooler has been removed water from the CO2 gas in intermediate and after cooler, it still
contains some amount of water. It is a process to remove the remaining water which consists of
two vessels filled with molecular sieves. When the one vessels work, the other will regenerates.
Each vessel works for 8 hours.

10. CARBON FILTER

It is used to remove odor and other impurities from the gas. Traces of different organic and
Sulphur compounds can be trapped. It consists of one vessel, filled with activated carbon. The
activated carbon must be renewed regularly.
11. CO2 CONDENSER

It is used to convert the CO2 in gas form to liquid form in order to make it suitable for storage. A
condenser is advice used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, by cooling
it.in that case ammonia used as a coolant, and the gas form of carbon dioxide are changed in to
liquid.

The reason behind for changing CO2 into liquid form is that it is difficult to store CO2 in gas form.
Gases have a nature to occupy a very large space for a small amount. The finished carbon dioxide
is then pumped to insulated storage tank for later evaporation and used to carbonated soft drinks,
to prevent bacterial growth.

12. CO2 STORAGE

The liquid form of CO2 will be stored in a tank before evaporated into gas form again. This storage
tank has the capacity of 37 ton of CO2. Carbon dioxide is stored in liquid form because carbon
dioxide in gas form takes large space to hold.

13. EVAPORATOR

The liquid form CO2 will be transferred into gas CO2 by evaporator and will be heated until it
changes its nature into gas form. After it has changed into gas, finally the CO2 can be going to
filler room in order to mix with syrup and water for the final product.
Decisions of the process
The exhaust gas generated from the Co2 production plant contains harmful substances that
cause air pollution such as, SOx, HCl, NOx, Argon, hydrogen, nitrogen and etc. There are
no measures taken to prevent pollution in the environment and such Gases are released into
the environment from the carbon dioxide plant.so there must be better an air filtration
method is employed.
The CO2 produced and the CO2 used at filler room with mixer machine is not balanced.
There is about 30-40% loss of CO2 and the company must have to control the material and
energy loss in the CO2 room.
In the boiler plant CO2 produced is used as additional CO2 source and the company may
recycle the CO2 through absorber into CO2 production plant.
SO2 and SO3 are removed from CO2 plant by using sodium carbonate and they are used as
raw material for the production of H2SO4.