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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 2782-10:
Method 1002:
1977
CONFIRMED
JULY 1989
EN 60
Incorporates
Amendment No. 1 to
EN 60
Methods of testing

Plastics —
Part 10: Glass reinforced plastics —

Method 1002: Determination of loss on

ignition
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IMPORTANT NOTE. Before reading this method it is essential to read the foreword, general
introduction and instructions to BS 2782, issued separately.
Attention is drawn to the information given in “National appendix A” (see inside back cover).

UDC [678.5/.8].046.364.620.1:543.822
 BS 2782-10:Method 1002:1977

Cooperating organizations

The European Committee for Standardization, under whose direction this

European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards
organizations of the following Western European countries:

Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut

Belgium Institut Belge de Normalisation
Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad
Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliitto, r.y.
France Association Française de Normalisation
Germany DIN Deutsches institut für Normung
Ireland Institute for Industrial Research and Standards
Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut
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Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund

Portugal Repartição de Normalização
Spain Instituto Nacional de Racionalización y Normalización
Sweden Sveriges Standardiseringskommission
Switzerland Association Suisse de Normalisation
United Kingdom British Standards Institution

This British Standard was

published under the
authority of the Executive
Board on Amendments issued since publication
31 August 1977

© BSI 09-1999 Amd. No. Date of issue Comments

2810 April 1979 Indicated by a sideline in the margin

The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference PLC/-
Draft for comment 74/54599 DC

ISBN 0 580 09725 0

 BS 2782-10:Method 1002:1977

Contents

Page
Cooperating organizations Inside front cover
Brief history 2
Foreword 2
1 Scope 3
2 Principle of the method 3
3 Apparatus 3
4 Sampling and test specimens 3
5 Conditioning of test specimens 3
6 Procedure 3
7 Calculation and expression of results 4
8 Test report 4
National appendix A Origins of work and relationship
with other British Standards Inside back cover
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© BSI 09-1999 i
 BS 2782-10:Method 1002:1977

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
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Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.

ii © BSI 09-1999
 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60
NORME EUROPÉENNE
Edition 1
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 1977
Incorporates Amendment
No. 1 (June 1978)

UDC 678.5/8:677.521:543.273

Key words: Plastics, glass reinforced plastics, tests, thermal tests, heating losses, pyrolytic analysis, chemical analysis, determination
of content, glass, resins, test equipment, test specimens, testing conditions

English version

Glass reinforced plastics —

Determination of the loss on ignition
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Matières plastiques renforcées au verre textile. Glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe.

Détermination de la perte au feu Bestimmung des Glühverlustes

This European Standard was accepted by CEN on 1977-03-31. The CEN

members are bound to adhere to the CEN Internal Regulations which specify
under which conditions this European Standard has to be given, without any
alteration, the status of a national standard.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Central Secretariat or to
any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three versions (English, French, German)
recognized by CEN as equivalent. National versions in other languages rank
as translations and in case of doubt shall be checked against one of the
recognized versions.
CEN members are the national standards organizations of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© Copyright reserved to all CEN members

 EN 60

Brief history
This European Standard was drawn up by CEN
Technical Committee 66 “Testing of glass fibre
reinforced plastics”, the Secretariat of which is held
by AFNOR.
The contents of this standard were submitted for
ballot to the members of CEN in November 1974 in
view of its adoption as a European Standard.
This European Standard was adopted by CEN as a
result of its acceptance by the following member
countries:
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany,
Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain,
United Kingdom.
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Foreword
This standard is substantially in agreement with
ISO 1172:1975, “Textile glass reinforced plastics —
Determination of loss on ignition”. The essential
difference concerns the preparation of test
specimens from products with a thickness greater
than 5 mm.

2 © BSI 09-1999

1 Scope
This standard describes a method for determining
the loss on ignition of glass reinforced plastics.
1.1 If the material to be tested contains only glass
and a resin which is completely combustible (under
the conditions of this test method), the loss on
ignition is equal to the resin content (see note
below). The glass content may then be calculated by
difference.
1.2 In the case of products which contain
non-combustible mineral fillers, other than glass
reinforcement, or resins which are incompletely
combustible (under the conditions of this test
method), the presence of which materials can be
recognized or verified by examination of the residue
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after ignition, this method only allows the
determination of the ash by difference.
NOTE The glass used as a reinforcement is usually coated with
ancillary products (sizing, finish, etc.) which most often are
completely eliminated during calcination and therefore included
in the loss on ignition.
2 Principle of the method
Ignition of weighed test specimens at a standard
temperature of 625 ± 20 °C to constant mass
(see 6.2).
NOTE For glass reinforcements which cannot resist this
temperature a temperature between 500 °C and 600 °C,
according to the glass specification or upon agreement, can be
chosen. It is essential to keep the chosen temperature constant
to ± 20 °C.
3 Apparatus
3.1 Container made of an appropriate material and
of suitable dimensions (a porcelain or platinium
crucible, or porcelain boat may be used).
3.2 Electric muffle furnace the temperature of which
can be varied between 450 °C and 650 °C and which
can be controlled to ± 20 °C.
3.3 Desiccator containing a suitable drying agent
(e.g. silica gel, calcium chloride, phosphorus
pentoxide).
3.4 Balance with an accuracy of 0.1 mg.
3.5 A ventilated oven which can be maintained
at 50 ± 2 °C and at a relative humidity of not
greater than 10 %.
4 Sampling and test specimens
The test specimens shall collectively form a
representative sample of the part or the
consignment to be tested.
© BSI 09-1999
EN 60
Consequently, the number of test specimens and the
sampling plan shall be taken as indicated by a
particular specification or by previous agreement,
taking into account the nature and type of
distribution of the reinforcement.
The following requirements are mandatory.
1) At least four test specimens shall be taken.
2) The mass of each specimen shall be at least 2 g.
3) The thickness of each specimen shall be not
more than 5 mm. If the thickness of the product
to be tested is greater than 5 mm the specimen
shall be cut through the full thickness and one of
the cut dimensions shall be not greater
than 5 mm.
4) The specimens shall be prepared in such a
manner that edges are smooth and free of all
loosely adhering resin and reinforcement
particles.
NOTE It is permissible for determinations to be made using
test pieces cut from specimens which have been used to
determine mechanical properties, provided that such test pieces
are cut from undamaged areas of these specimens.
5 Conditioning of test specimens
Dry the test specimens at 50 ± 2 °C in a ventilated
oven, in which the relative humidity does not
exceed 10 %.
Continue the drying until the difference in mass
after a further period of drying of not less
than 30 min does not exceed 1 mg.
6 Procedure
6.1 Preparation of the container. Before
commencing each series of tests, a test with the
empty container (3.1) shall be performed, by
heating in the muffle furnace (as specified in 6.2), to
verify that the mass is constant to 1 mg. Otherwise,
repeat this blank test until constant mass is
achieved.
NOTE It is essential that the weighing of the container is
performed after the container has been cooled to room
temperature in a desiccator (3.3).
6.2 Weighing and ignition of test specimens.
For each test specimen carry out the following
sequence of operations, all weighing being made to
the nearest milligram.
6.2.1 Weigh the container (3.1) prepared as
indicated in 6.1. If necessary condition the test
specimen in accordance with clause 5 and weigh
together with the container. Heat the container with
the test specimen in a flame until the contents
ignite. Maintain such a temperature that the
specimen burns at a moderate rate until only ash
and carbon remain when the burning ceases.
3
 EN 60

6.2.2 Heat the container and residue in the muffle 8 Test report
furnace (3.2) at the standard
The test report shall include a reference to this
temperature (625 ± 20 °C) or at the chosen
standard and the following information.
temperature, until all carbon has disappeared.
8.1 complete identification of the product;
6.2.3 Cool the container and the residue in a
desiccator (3.3) to room temperature and weigh. 8.2 description of the sampling method, if necessary;
6.2.4 Repeat the procedure specified above until the 8.3 number of test specimens used;
difference in mass on two successive weighings is 8.4 dimensions of the test specimens;
less than 1 mg. 8.5 ignition temperature if it is different
from 625 ± 20 °C;
7 Calculation and expression of results
8.6 ignition loss1) of each test specimen;
For each test specimen, calculate the loss on
8.7 arithmetic mean and standard deviation of each
ignition, expressed as a percentage of the original
homogeneous group of test specimens;
mass, by the following formula:
8.8 observations about any irregularities noted in
m2 – m3 the physical aspect of the residue, such as, for
- × 100
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P = -----------------------
m2 – m1 instance, melting of the glass.
where
P is the percentage loss on ignition
m1 is the mass of the container
m2 is the initial total mass of the container
plus the specimen
m3 is the final total mass, after combustion, of
the container and the residue

Calculate the arithmetic mean of the values

obtained for P, and report to the nearest whole
number.

1)
If there is no other filling material except glass fibre, the glass content is given by 100 % less the loss on ignition.

4 © BSI 09-1999
 BS 2782-10:Method 1002:1977

National appendix A Origins of work and relationship with other

British Standards
The United Kingdom participated in the preparation of this and four other similar standards required to
enable the principle of “reference to standards” to be applied in the preparation, by the Commission of the
European Communities, of a directive concerning tanks made from reinforced plastics for the transport of
dangerous materials.
These standards are intended to be used solely for this purpose and they should not be adopted for other
applications without full technical consideration of the particular circumstances.
This method is technically similar to method 107J of BS 2782:1970, “Methods of testing plastics”; the main
differences from that method are that the ignition temperature is 625 °C instead of 575 °C and more
detailed instructions are given.
EN 62, which is referred to in this standard, has been published as Method 1004 of BS 2782. The usual
standard atmosphere used in the UK for conditioning plastics is 23 ± 2 °C, 50 ± 5 % r.h.
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© BSI 09-1999
 BS 2782-10:
Method 1002:
1977 BSI — British Standards Institution
EN 60
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