AMEGA YASUTRA

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
Kampus Ganesha, Gedung Labtek IV A Lantai 2 JL. Ganesha no 10 bandung
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG 2
Kampus Ganesha, Gedung Labtek IV A Lantai 2 JL. Ganesha no 10 bandung
 Explore Appraise Develop Produce Abandon

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 • The main activities during oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) are
shown on the above process diagram, that contain 5 components.
• The diagram is called the petroleum life cycle model, that could be indefinitely
developed in detail to show sub-activities in each component.

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Gas/Oil Field Development phase
⚫ In detail development phase the diagram would show complex sub-activities,
where the petroleum life cycle is not shows a simple sequential process, but there
are feedback and repetition of sub-activities.
⚫ During the design phase, there a lot of iterations before completing certain
activities, where the purpose of iterations is to obtain the optimum conditions

Explore Appraise Develop Produce Abandon

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 Geological Model Reservoir Properties Fluid Properties Production Constraint Drilling Constraint

Establish Drill
Selected Design Well String Stresses Assess Results
Target Trajectory Drillability OK?
Establish
Borehole Stability

Design Establish
Select
Tubing Tubing Perf Assess Well Results
Completion
Concept
Design Well Establish Productivity OK?
Trajectory Inflow Perf

Perform Res Establish Assess Results

Fin
Simulation Prod Profile Economics OK?
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..the ability to integrate or grouping ..the ability to come up with new
of parts that operate together Divergent ideas that are surprising yet
for a common purpose intelligible, and also valuable in
Thinking some way

Design,
System Quantitative Creative Critical Analyses ad
Thinking Thinking Thinking Thinking Problem
Solving

Convergent
..the ability to gather and analysis ...the ability to analyze facts, generate
Thinking
information, to develop model based and organize ideas, defend opinions,
on proper reasonings (inductively, make comparisons, draw inferences,
deductively, and probability) evaluate arguments and solve problems

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The Pyramid of Level Decision
There are two aspects of Production
Engineering in Common Gas/Oil Fields:
➢ Flow of Field Data, where each component
related to time scale
➢ Resources/Policy required , related to level
of decisions
Data analyses, on the left side, produce
certain level of decisions, that would be
conducted by certain rank of job
This pyramid of level decisions are expected
included in the organization
There are five level of decisions, each
represents rank in the organization

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 Production phase Daily production control:
Based on the previous Pyramid Diagram, ⚫ On a scale of days to weeks, typical input
the following diagram represents of oil variables are wellhead choke settings, water
injection pressures, or lift gas rates.
and gas production as a feedback control
⚫ Measured output from the process includes
process, involving measurement, production variables such as pressures, and
modeling and control. oil, gas and water rates.
Input System (Reservoir, Output
wells & facilities)
⚫ Control will often be driven by short time
optimization objectives, for example
production targets or utilization rates of
CONTROL MEASURE surface facilities.
Control
⚫ A typical short-time optimization problem is
actions
Sensors the distribution of a limited amount of lift gas
over a number of producing wells such that oil
System production is maximized.
Model
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MODEL
 ⚫ In addition to the variables that control daily
Reservoir management:
production, input includes production
On a time scale of months to years, the engineering activities such as water or gas shut
production process essentially consists off, re-completion, stimulation or even side-
of draining the reservoir. tracking or in-fill drilling. Measured output
involves production histories, well tests and
Input System (Reservoir, Output
wells & facilities)
reservoir images obtained from time lapse
seismic or other sources.
CONTROL MEASURE
⚫ Control is usually focused on maximizing the
asset revenues, which often translates into
Control
Sensors maximizing ultimate recovery and minimizing
actions
operating expenditure.
System ⚫ System modelling will often involve extensive
Model
Measure reservoir simulation, in addition to wellbore
MODEL output and surface flow modelling.
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⚫ Sometimes short-term production optimization is considered
to be an activity for production engineers only,
⚫ whereas reservoir management would then be the exclusive
domain of the reservoir engineering discipline.
⚫ Such a distinction is somewhat artificial and both activities are
closely linked.
⚫ The link of reservoir and production engineering discipline
should be clearly shown in the organization, therefore the
collaboration among those two disciplines

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 ⚫ The figure on the left shows the
wellhead on the ocean floor,
where each well is connected to
the flow line and riser, and finally
ended at the production
separation platform/ship.
⚫ The well itself connected to tubing
where the reservoir fluid flows
from the reservoir to the separator
⚫ For each well the production
system consists of reservoir,
tubing, wellhead, flowline, and
separator
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 Several wells each has its own
flowline to the separator.
The flowline network is simple, so
the controlling parameters are
limited

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 The final complex of
the offshore
production system.
⚫ Separation process

⚫ Transportation
process

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 The components of the
production system:
• Oil Reservoir
• Wells – Wellhead
• Flowline network
• Manifold
• Separator
• Oil Tank
• Water disposal well
• Compressor
• Gas Injection Line

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⚫ Gas, oil, and water are separated and collected in different vessels.
⚫ The separator has certain working conditions (Pressure and
Temperature)
⚫ The separator working conditions become outer boundary of the
production system
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⚫ Major components in a single
production System: Reservoir – Near
wellbore – Well/Tubing – Wellhead –
Choke – Flowline – Manifold –
Separator
⚫ All those components are connected
sequentially from reservoir up to
separator or from separator to
reservoir
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⚫ The dynamic variables in the
production operation are pressure,
production rate, temperature,
separator pressure and temperature.
⚫ The static variables are well depth,
tubing and flowline size and length,
separator capacity
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 Near Well
Reservoir Well Choke Flowline Manifold Facilities Pipeline
Bore

Relative position of phase envelope

The Changing of Pressure and Temperature along the System

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Problems in Simple Integrated System

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Problems in Complex Integrated System

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