Roads: Materials and construction

GRANULAR BASES (WET REGIONS) 1998

PAVEMENT CLASS AND DESIGN BEARING CAPACITY (80 kN AXLES/LANE)

ES0,003 ES0,01 ES0,03 ES0,1 ES0,3 ES1 ES3 ES10 ES30 ES100
Foundation
ROAD CATEGORY 0,1-0,3x10
4
0,3-1,0x10
4
1,0-3,0x10 4 3,0-10x10
4
0,1-0,3x10
6
0,3-1,0x10
6
1,0-3,0x10
6
3,0-10x10
6
10-30x10
6
30-100x10 6
30A 40A 50A
UA: Trunk roads, 150 G1** 150 G1 150 G1
primary distributors,
200 C3 300 C3 400 C3
freeways, major

GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

* *(300 C3)
arterials and by- (250 C3)

passes

S S/30A 40A
UB: District and 150 G1** 150 G7
150 G2 150 G1
local distributors, 150 C4 200 C4 150 G9
300 C4
minor arterials and
*(250 C4) G10
collectors, industrial S
roads, goods- 150 G2

areas and bus routes 200 G5

S S S S
UC: Residential 100 G5 125 G5 125 G2 150 G2**
access collectors, car 125 C4 125 C4 150 C4 200 C4
parks and lightly
trafficked bus routes S S S S
125 G4 150 G4 150 G2 150 G2
125 G6 150 G6 150 G5 150 G4

S1 S1 S1 S1 S S
UD: Local access 100 G5 100 G5 100 G4 100 G4 125 G4 150 G4
roads, -loops, -ways, 100 G7 125 G7 125 G7 125 G6
125 G6 150 G6 150 G9
-courts, -strips and
S1 S S G10
culs de sac 100 G5 100 G5 125 G5
100 C4 125 C4
150 C4

Symbol A denotes AG, AC, or AS. Most likely combinations of road

A0, AP may be recommended as a surfacing measure for improved sk skid
id resistance when wet or to reduce water spray category and design bearing capacity.
S denotes Double Surface Treatment (seal or combinations of seal
seal and slurry)
S1 denotes Single Surface Treatment
Chapter 8

* If water is prevented from entering the base, the subbase thickness

thickness may be reduced to the values indicated in brackets.
** Base thickness may be reduced by 25 mm if cemented subbase th
thickness
ickness is increased by 50 mm.
63
 64
Chapter 8

CEMENTED BASES
PAVEMENT CLASS AND DESIGN BEARING CAPACITY (80 kN AXLES/LANE)
ES0,003 ES0,01 ES0,03 ES0,1 ES0,3 ES1 ES3 ES10 ES30 ES100
ROAD CATEGORY 4 4 Foundation
0,1-0,3x10 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 4 3,0-10x10
4
0,1-0,3x10
6
0,3-1,0x10
6
1,0-3,0x10
6
3,0-10x10
6
10-30x10
6
30-100x10 6

UA: Trunk roads, 30A

primary distributors, 150 C3

freeways,

GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

200 C4
arterials and by-
passes

UB: District and S S

150 G7
S/30A
local distributors, 125 C3 125 C3 150 C3* 150 G9
minor arterials and 150 C4 200 C4
collectors, industrial G10
300 C4
roads, goods-
areas and bus routes

UC: Residential S S S
125 C3 150 C3
access collectors, car 200 C3
125 C4 150 C4
parks and lightly
trafficked bus routes S S
100 C4 125 C4
100 G6
125 G6
Roads: Materials and construction

UD: Local access

S1 S1 S1 S1 S S
roads, -loops, -ways, 100 C4 100 C4 125 C4 150 C4 125 C4 125 C4 150 G9
-courts, -strips and 100 G8 125 G8 125 G7 150 G7 125 G6 150 G6 G10
culs de sac

Symbol A denotes AG, AC, or AS. Most likely combinations of road

A0, AP may be recommended as a surfacing measure for improved sk skid
id resistance when wet or to reduce water spray category and design bearing capacity.
S denotes Double Surface Treatment (seal or combinations of seal
seal and slurry)
S1 denotes Single Surface Treatment
* Crushing of cemented base may occur
 Chapter 8 Page 81
Roads: Materials and construction

ASPHAL T HOT-MIX BASES

ASPHALT 1998

P A VEMENT CLASS AND DESIGN BEARING CAPACITY

CAP ACITY (80 kN AXLES/LANE)
ES0,003 ES0,01 ES0,03 ES0,1 ES0,3 ES1 ES3 ES10 ES30 ES100
ROAD CATEGOR
CA TEGORY
Y 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6
0,1-0,3x10 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 0,1-0,3x10 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 10-30x10 30-100x10 6 Foundation
40A 40A 40A 50A
UA: Trunk
Trunk roads, 80 BC 90 BC 120 BC
180 BC
primary distributors,
freeways, major 250 C3 300 C3

GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

400 C3
arterials and by-
450 C3
passes

30A 30A
UB: District and 80 BC 80 BC 150 G7
local distributors, 200 C4 150 G9
minor arterials and 300 C3

collectors, industrial G10

roads, goods-loading
areas and bus routes

UC: Residential
access collectors, car
parks and lightly
trafficked
trafficked bus routes

UD: Local access

roads, -loops, -ways,
150 G9
-courts, -strips and
culs de sac G10

Symbol A denotes AG, AC, or AS. Most likely combinations of road

A0, AP may be recommended as a surfacing measure for improved sk skid
id resistance when wet or to reduce water spray category and design bearing capacity.
capacity .
Symbol BC does not include LAMBS (BC1 T able 13)
Chapter 8

S denotes Double Surface Treatment

T reatment (seal or combinations of seal and slurry)
S1 denotes Single Surface Treatment
T reatment
65
Chapter 8 Page 82

66
Chapter 8

EMULSION-TREATED BASES 1998

P A VEMENT CLASS AND DESIGN BEARING CAPACITY

CAP ACITY (80 kN AXLES/LANE)
ES0,003 ES0,01 ES0,03 ES0,1 ES0,3 ES1 ES3 ES10 ES30 ES100
ROAD CATEGOR
CA TEGORY
Y 0,1-0,3x10
4
0,3-1,0x10
4
1,0-3,0x10
4
3,0-10x10
4
0,1-0,3x10
6
0,3-1,0x10
6
1,0-3,0x10
6
3,0-10x10
6
10-30x10
6
30-100x10 6 Foundation
40A
UA: Trunk
Trunk roads, 125 E1
primary distributors,
freeways, major 250 C4

GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

arterials and by-
passes

S S*/30A 40A
UB: District and 100 E2 125 E2 125 E1 150 G7
local distributors, 150 C4 150 C4 150 G9
200 C4
minor arterials and
collectors, industrial G10
S S*/30A 40A
roads, goods-loading 125 E2 150 E2 150 E1
areas and bus routes 150 G5 150 G5 150 C4

S S S
UC: Residential 100 E3 100 E2 100 E2
access collectors, car 150 G6 150 G6 125 C4
parks and lightly
trafficked
trafficked bus routes
Roads: Materials and construction

UD: Local access S1 S1

100 E3 100 E3
roads, -loops, -ways, 100 G6 125 G6 150 G9
-courts, -strips and
culs de sac G10

Symbol A denotes AG, AC, or AS. Most likely combinations of road

category and design bearing capacity.
capacity .
A0, AP may be recommended as a surfacing measure for improved sk skid
id resistance when wet or to reduce water spray
S denotes Double Surface Treatment (seal or combinations of seal
seal and slurry)
S1 denotes Single Surface Treatment
 Chapter 8 Page 83

Roads: Materials and construction

1998
MACADAM BASES
P A VEMENT CLASS AND DESIGN BEARING CAPACITY
CAP ACITY (80 kN AXLES/LANE)
ES0,003 ES0,01 ES0,03 ES0,1 ES0,3 ES1 ES3 ES10 ES30 ES100
ROAD CATEGOR
CA TEGORY
Y 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6
0,1-0,3x10 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 0,1-0,3x10 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 10-30x10 30-100x10 6 Foundation
30 - 40A 40A 50A
UA: Trunk
Trunk roads, 125 M 150 M 150 M
primary distributors,
freeways, major 150 C3 125 C3

GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

150 C3
arterials and by-
125 C4
passes 150 C3

S S S or 30A 40A
UB: District and 100 M 125 M 125 M 150 G7
125 M
local distributors,
150 G5 150 G9
150 G5 150 C4 125 C4
minor arterials and
collectors, industrial 125 C4 G10
roads, goods-loading
areas and bus routes

S S S S
UC: Residential 100 M 100 M 100 M 125 M
access collectors, car 100 C4 125 C4 150 G5 100 C4
parks and lightly
trafficked
trafficked bus routes S
S
125 M
100 M

125 G5 150 G5

S1 S1 S1 S1 S
UD: Local access 100 M 125 M 125 M 150 M
100 M
roads, -loops, -ways, 125 C4
150 G7 150 G7 150 G7 150 G9
-courts, -strips and 150 G7
75 M
culs de sac 150 G7
G10
S1 S1 125 C4
S1
100 M 100 M 75 M
125 C4 125 C4 125 C4 150 G7

Symbol A denotes AG, AC, or AS. Most likely combinations of road

category and design bearing capacity.
capacity .
Chapter 8

A0, AP may be recommended as a surfacing measure for improved sk skid

id resistance when wet or to reduce water spray
S denotes Double Surface Treatment (seal or combinations of seal
seal and slurry)
S1 denotes Single Surface Treatment
67
 Chapter 8 Page 84

68
Chapter 8

BLOCK PA
P A VEMENTS (MODERATE
(MODERA TE AND DRY
DRY REGIONS) 1998

P A VEMENT CLASS AND DESIGN BEARING CAPACITY

CAP ACITY (80 kN AXLES/LANE)
ES0,003 ES0,01 ES0,03 ES0,1 ES0,3 ES1 ES3 ES10 ES30 ES100
ROAD CATEGOR
CA TEGORY
Y 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6
0,1-0,3x10 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 0,1-0,3x10 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 10-30x10 30-100x10 6 Foundation

UA: Trunk
Trunk roads,
primary distributors,

GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGN

freeways, major
arterials and by-
passes

60 S-A 60 S-A
UB: District and S-B or S-C S-B or S-C 80 S-A 80 S-A 150 G7
20 SND 20 SND 20 SND 20 SND
local distributors, 100 C4
125 C4 125 C3 150 G9
minor arterials and 150 C4
100 C4
collectors, industrial 125 C3 G10
60 S-A 60 S-A
roads, goods-loading S-B or S-C S-B or S-C
areas and bus routes 20 SND 20 SND
100 - 150 G5
150 G5

60 S-A 60 S-A 60 S-A 60 S-A 80 S-A

UC: Residential S-B or S-C S-B or S-C S-B or S-C S-B or S-C S-B or S-C
20 SND 20 SND 20 SND 20 SND 20 SND
access collectors, car 100 - 125 C4 125 C4 125 C4 150 C3
parks and lightly 125 G5

trafficked
trafficked bus routes 125 C4
60 S-A 60 S-A 150 C4
S-B or S-C S-B or S-C
20 SND 20 SND
100 -
Roads: Materials and construction

150 G5
125 G5
60 S-A
UD: Local access S-B or S-C
20 SND
roads, -loops, -ways,
150 G9
-courts, -strips and
culs de sac G10

Most likely combinations of road

category and design bearing capacity.
capacity .