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Liu2019 PDF
fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2908415, IEEE Internet of
Things Journal 1
2327-4662 (c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2908415, IEEE Internet of
Things Journal 2
latency can be reduced and the reliability can be improved Moreover, the power allocation algorithm in NOMA-based
by NOMA in a dense network. A new gragh-based practical systems will greatly affect the overall performance due to the
encoding and joint belief propagation decoding techniques for multi-user power reuse. Therefore, power allocation is another
two-vehicle communicating simultaneously with another vehicle problem that needs to be solved. Most of the existing works on
or a roadside unit has been proposed, which can achieve any NOMA focus on fixed power allocation schemes [25]. The best
rate pair close to the capacity region without using time sharing performance of NOMA can be achieved by full search power
[14]. A novel NOMA-based scheme is proposed to handle allocation (FSPA) [26]. To further reduce the computational
the technical hurdles in designing high spectrum efficiency complexity, a fractional power allocation (FTPA) similar to the
scheduling and resource allocation schemes in the ultra dense transmission power control is proposed in [27]. A novel power
topology [11]. Inspired by the robustness of spatial modulation allocation strategy that can optimize the system ergodic sum
(SM) against channel correlation, NOMA-SM has been proposed capacity while minimizing the mutual interference between the
to deal with the harmful effects of wireless V2V environments paired users has been proposed in [28]. The cross-layer power
and to support improved bandwidth efficiency [15]. allocation problem in NOMA systems has been investigated for
Besides, cooperative communications have been another the purpose of statistical quality of service (QoS) provisioning
promising way for V2X applications to improve the system per- [29]. A novel dynamic power allocation scheme is proposed for
formance. Hence, combining cooperative communication tech- downlink and uplink NOMA scenarios with two users for more
nique with NOMA may further enhance the performance of flexibly meeting various quality of service requirements in [30].
5G V2X communications which has already been a research The power allocation problems for half-duplex cooperative NO-
topic that has attracted more and more attention recently. A MA (HD-CNOMA) and full-duplex cooperative NOMA (FD-
cooperative NOMA scheme is proposed in [16], where users CNOMA) systems are investigated in [31]. Although several
that are close to the BS with better channel conditions play existing works have been done on resource allocation in NOMA
as decode-and-forward relay (DFR) to deliver the information systems, the power allocation problem for relay-assisted NOMA
for the distant users. In [17], a cooperative relaying system broadcasting/multicasting communications in 5G V2X scenarios
using NOMA to improve the spectral efficiency has been pro- has not been well investigated.
posed, and the authors analyzed the achievable data rate of Inspired by the above observations, we apply NOMA
NOMA systems for DFR over Rayleigh fading channels. A into half-duplex and full-duplex relay-assisted broadcast-
new cooperative simultaneous wireless information and power ing/multicasting 5G V2X communications and investigate the
transfer (SWIPT) NOMA protocol has been proposed in [18], power allocation problem for both broadcasting and multicas-
in which near NOMA users that are close to the source act ting cases. Different from [13], we consider the relay-assisted
as energy harvesting relays to help far NOMA users. Besides, NOMA-based broadcasting/multicasting schemes for the links
the fixed gain amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying scheme with from BS to vehicles. The proposed resource management algo-
NOMA is investigated over Nakagami-m fading channels in rithms is centralized and need to be implemented at the BS.
[19]. However, above existing literatures on cooperative NOMA Besides, we have added FDR-NOMA scheme to our previous
mainly focus on the unicast scenarios, which have not considered work [20] and compared it with HDR-NOMA. The proposed
the inherent broadcasting/multicasting nature of V2X messages transmission schemes can be adopted in the communications
in vehicular networks. Therefore, one target of this work is from infrastructure node to vehicles. With the integration of
to propose a half-duplex relay-assisted NOMA-based (HDR- NOMA and relay-assisted broadcasting/multicasting communi-
NOMA) broadcasting/multicasting scheme for 5G cellular V2X cations, it is possible to achieve improved spectrum efficiency,
communications [20]. large number of connections, lower latency and higher reliability.
The main contributions of this paper are listed below:
Furthermore, although suffering from the self-interference due
to the signal leakage from its own output to its input [21], • We consider both HDR-NOMA and FDR-NOMA systems
the feasibility of full-duplex relay (FDR) has been proved by with N groups of vehicles. In order to share the sur-
utilizing self-interference cancellation technologies [22], [23] to rounding information more efficiently, the communication
mitigate the self-interference effectively, which have attracted mode of V2X will mainly be multicasting and broadcasting,
more and more attention. In [22], authors provided a brief survey rather than the traditional unicast. Besides, for the sake
for in-band FDR, and discussed the related research issues and of expanding the network coverage, we use roadside units
challenges. Additionally, hybrid techniques that switch oppor- (RSU) to assist vehicles to communicate with BS, instead
tunistically between full-duplex and half-duplex relaying modes of letting vehicles communicate with BS directly. Thus,
have been developed in [24]. With capability to transmit and two relay-assisted scenarios have been considered, namely
receive at the same frequency simultaneously, full-duplex relay broadcasting and multicasting. In the broadcasting scenario,
has the potential to further improve the spectrum efficiency the BS delivers different information to the RSUs which are
and reduce the transmission delay of HDR-NOMA broadcast- viewed as relays via NOMA, while each RSU broadcasting
ing/multicasting schemes. To this end, the second target of the same information to the vehicles in its group. Different
this work is to extend the proposed HDR-NOMA schemes from the broadcasting scenario, RSU serves multiple users
to full-duplex relay-assisted NOMA (FDR-NOMA) broadcast- using NOMA in the multicasting scenario, since vehicles in
ing/multicasting schemes for 5G V2X communications to further the same group need to receive different information from
improve the system performance. the BS. Also, the achievable rates for all users of both
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Things Journal 3
h1 hN hR hR
1 h1 hN N
broadcasting and multicasting systems are analyzed. FDR-NOMA, both of which consist of one single-antenna BS,
•To guarantee the QoS of the vehicles with poor channel N RSUs denoted by RSU1 , RSU2 , · · · , RSUN and N groups of
conditions and to improve fairness, the power allocation vehicles. Each RSU serves one group of vehicles. The vehicle
problem for each scenario is formulated to maximize the m in group i is denoted by Vi,m . Each group has M vehicles1 .
minimum achievable rate of vehicles. Since the formulated The BS serves multiple RSUs using the power-domain NOMA
problems are neither convex nor concave, it is difficult to technology [7], [8], while RSUs viewed as relays transmitting
solve them directly. However, it is shown that the con- information to the vehicles within its coverage in either the
sidered problems are quasi-concave. Hence, we transform decode-and-forward half-duplex relaying mode or full-duplex
them into a sequence of convex feasibility problems and relaying mode. Two scenarios have been considered, namely
the optimal power allocation for N RSUs with M vehicles broadcasting and multicasting. In the broadcasting scenario, each
broadcasting and multicasting systems are obtained by a RSU broadcasts the same information (e.g., speed limitation in-
bisection algorithm. formation) to the vehicles in its group. Different from the broad-
• Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can casting scenario, RSU serves multiple users using NOMA in the
achieve a significant performance improvement compared multicasting scenario, since vehicles in the same group need
with the optimized TDMA, fixed NOMA and FTPA to receive different information (e.g., vehicle-specific control
schemes [27]. When the self-interference is sufficiently information) from the BS. It is worth noting that the proposed
suppressed, better max-min achievable rate can be achieved transmission schemes can be adopted in the communications
by FDR-NOMA schemes as compared to HDR-NOMA from infrastructure node to vehicles. We assume that all the
schemes. It is also shown that the proposed schemes are RSUs and the BS share the same frequency resource. Besides,
able to achieve a better transmission rate for users with we further assume that the direct link between BS and each
the poor channel conditions while slightly degrading the vehicle is weak and ignored due to large path loss.
transmission rate of users with better transmission condi- The considered half-duplex relay-assisted downlink NOMA
tions, which may enhance the overall latency and reliability broadcasting/multicasting scheme is shown in Fig. 1(a). Three
performance. types of wireless links are involved in HDR-NOMA model,
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. The relay- namely BS→RSUi , RSUi →Vi,m and RSUj →Vi,m , the channel
assisted NOMA-based broadcasting and multicasting model are coefficients of which are represented by hi , εi,m , σj,im , respec-
presented in Section II. The power allocation problems for HDR- tively, i, j ∈ {1, 2, · · · , N }, m ∈ {1, 2, · · · , M }. We assume
NOMA and FDR-NOMA are addressed in Section III and IV that all channels follow the independent Rayleigh distribution.
respectively. Simulations are discussed in Section V. Finally, we Moreover, the amount of data contained in the instantaneous
conclude this study in Section VI. channel state information (CSI) is small, so the transmission
time of the CSI is negligible compared to one time slot, so that
II. S YSTEM M ODEL it can be basically assumed that there is no delay. Hence, we
In this section, we present the basic assumptions, followed assume that the instantaneous CSI, denoted by γi , ηi,m , ϕj,im
by the HDR-NOMA and FDR-NOMA broadcasting/multicasting respectively, is estimated at the related receivers and fed back to
schemes. the corresponding transmitter reliably without delay [32], where
2 2 2
the channel gains γi = |hi | , ηi,m = |εi,m | , ϕj,im = |σj,im |
follow the exponential distribution with parameter λi , λi,m and
A. Basic Assumptions
As depicted in Fig. 1(a) and (b), we consider two relay- 1 The proposed scheme can also be applied to the case where different groups
assisted downlink NOMA systems, namely HDR-NOMA and have different number of users.
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Things Journal 4
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This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2908415, IEEE Internet of
Things Journal 5
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Things Journal 6
Fortunately, since problem P 1 is quasi-concave, we can Algorithm 1 Bisection Power Allocation For HDR-NOMA
obtain the numerical solution by solving a sequence of convex Broadcasting Scheme
feasibility problems via the following bisection-based method 1: Init. tLB = 0, tU B = Bw · log2 (1 + γN Pmax ) · t1 .
similar to [36]. In each iteration of the algorithm, we only need 2: While (tU B − tLB ) ≥ ε do
to solve a linear program (LP). 3: Set t = (tU B +t
2
LB )
; Solve LP(P 3) to obtain P LP
Let ξ ∗ denote the optimal objective function value to quasi- N
P PN
concave problem P 1. Since the max-min achievable rate is not 4: If ( PB,i + Pi ≤ Pmax ) then
i=1 i=1
smaller than zero, the initial lower bound tLB for the objective 5: Set tLB = t; P ∗ = P LP ; ξ ∗ = t.
function can be set to zero. In addition, the upper bound can be 6: else
set to Bw · log2 (1 + γN Pmax ) · t1 which is the largest achievable 7: Set tU B = t.
rate when all the power is allocated to the RSU with the largest
channel gain. In each iteration, we will compute t = (tU B +t 2
LB )
.
For a specific constant value t, if the feasibility problem N
X N X
X M
B. Optimal Power Allocation for HDR-NOMA Multicasting IV. P OWER A LLOCATION FOR FDR-NOMA S CHEME
Similar to the broadcasting scheme, the power allocation In this section, the optimal power allocation scheme for FDR-
problem to guarantee the QoS of the vehicles with poor channel NOMA broadcasting/multicasting scheme will be formulated.
conditions, denoted by P 4, can be expressed as The optimal numerical solutions will be also obtained via
M
a bisection method similar to the one used in HDR-NOMA
P4 : max min αi,m · RB,i · t1 , Ri,m · t2 , system.
Pm
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Things Journal 7
N
A. Optimal Power Allocation for FDR-NOMA Broadcasting M ·t X
C10 : γi PB,i ≥ 2 Bw − 1 1+γi PB,j +
With the similar techniques in HDR-NOMA, the power j=i+1
allocation problem for FDR-NOMA broadcasting scheme to M
X N
X M
X
guarantee the QoS of vehicles with poor channel conditions, δRi Pi,m + δj,i · ( Pj,s )),
denoted by P 6 can be formulated as follows m=1 j6=i s=1
B B
M
P6 : max min RB,i , Ri,m , t X
Pb C11 : ηi,m Pi,m ≥ (2 Bw − 1)(1 + ηi,m · Pi,k
N
X N
X k=m+1
s.t. C0 : PB,i + Pi ≤ Pmax , N
X XM
i=1 i=1 + ϕj,im · ( Pj,s )).
C1 : P b 0, j6=i s=1
in which the time sharing factors are set to one, since the RSU After solving P 9, we need to check if the solution satisfies
receives data from the BS and forwards the data to the vehicles C4. In addition, the upper bound of t is BMw ·log2 (1+γN Pmax ).
in its group over the same carrier frequency simultaneously. Similar to the HDR-NOMA, one can also obtain the optimal
It is obvious that the P 6 is not convex. However, we can numerical solutions through a bisection procedure.
also demonstrate the considered problem are quasi-concave.
With the similar techniques in Section III, we can get the V. S IMULATION R ESULTS AND D ISCUSSION
optimal numerical solutions through the similar bisection-based The performance of the proposed optimized HDR-NOMA
algorithm. Therefore, instead of solving P 3 in each iteration in and FDR-NOMA broadcasting/multicasting schemes will be
Algorithm 1, we need to solve the following problems, evaluated by simulations, where a optimized TDMA approach,
N N
a fixed NOMA scheme and a sub-optimal fractional power
X allocation (FTPA) scheme [27] are used for comparison.
X
P7 : min PB,i + Pi ,
Pb
i=1 i=1
s.t. C1 : P b 0, A. Simulation Parameters
C8 : γi PB,i ≥ 2
t
Bw
−1 1 + δRi Pi The number of RSUs and the vehicles within the coverage of
N N
each RSU are set to two for convenience, i.e., N = 2, M = 2.
X X When initializing the bisection-based algorithm, the lower bound
+ δj,i · Pj + γi PB,j ,
j=i+1
tLB is set to zero since the max-min achievable rate can
j6=i
N
not smaller than zero. We also set the system bandwidth as
C9 : ηi,m Pi ≥ 2
t
Bw − 1)(1 +
X
ϕj,im Pj . Bw = 20M Hz. The upper bound tU B is set to the largest
j6=i
achievable rate when all the power at the BS is allocated to
the RSU with the largest channel gain. Hence, it is set to
After solving P 7, we also need to check if the solution satisfies Bw ·log2 (1+γN Pmax )·t1 and BMw log2 (1+γN Pmax )·t1 for the
C0, and update the upper bound tU B and lower bound tLB proposed optimized HDR-NOMA broadcasting and multicasting
accordingly. The initial upper bound of t can be Bw · log2 (1 + scheme, respectively. In the case of the proposed optimized
γN Pmax ) in this case. FDR-NOMA broadcasting and multicasting scheme, it is set to
Bw · log2 (1 + γN Pmax ) and BMw log2 (1 + γN Pmax ) respectively.
B. Optimal Power Allocation for FDR-NOMA Multicasting The desirable accuracy ε is set to 10−5 . In addition to our
proposed schemes, the following benchmark approaches are used
Similar to the HDR-NOMA scheme, the power allocation for comparison: 1) Fixed NOMA scheme, in which we set
problem for FDR-NOMA multicasting scheme to guarantee the PB,1 = 52 Pmax and PB,2 = 15 Pmax for the links from BS to
QoS of vehicles with poor channel conditions, denoted by P 8, RSUs, and set P1 = P2 = 51 Pmax and P1,2 = P2,2 = 15 1
Pmax ,
can be expressed as 2
P2,1 = P1,1 = 15 Pmax for broadcasting and multicasting
P8 :
M
max min αi,m · RB,i M
, Ri,m
, scheme respectively for the links from the RSUs to the vehicles.
P 2) Optimized TDMA scheme, in which four time slots are
N N X
M
X X required for multicasting scenario and three for broadcasting
s.t. C4 : PB,i + Pi,m ≤ Pmax , scenario. Specifically, it takes two time slots for BS to transmit
i=1 i=1 m=1
information to the two RSUs, and one or two time slots for the
C5 : P m 0, RSU to deliver the message to the two vehicles in broadcasting
Instead of solving P 3 in each iteration in Algorithm 1, we need and multicasting scenario respectively. 3) FTPA for NOMA
to solve the following convex optimization problem, scheme [27], in which the parameter αf tpa is set to one.
N N X
M B. Simulation Results
X X
P9 : min PB,i + Pi,m , Fig. 2 plots the max-min achievable rate of different power
P
i=1 i=1 m=1 allocation schemes by varying the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
s.t. C5 : P m 0, under broadcasting and multicasting conditions respectively. The
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Things Journal 8
×107 ×107
6 4.5
4
5 Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex NOMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex NOMA
3.5 Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex TDMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate(bit/s/Hz)
2 1.5
1
1
0.5
0 0
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SNR(dB) SNR(dB)
(a) Max-min achievable rate of broadcasting schemes with different SNR. (b) Max-min achievable rate of multicasting schemes with different SNR.
Fig. 2. The performance comparison of different transmission schemes for varying SNR with δRi = 6dB and t1 = t2 = 0.5.
×107 ×107
6 4.5
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex NOMA
4 Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex TDMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex NOMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with FTPA for Full-Duplex NOMA
5 Max-Min Achievable Rate with FTPA for Full-Duplex NOMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Half-Duplex NOMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex TDMA 3.5
Max-Min Achievable Rate(bit/s/Hz)
2 1.5
1
1
0.5
0 0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
The time sharing factor t of the first phase The time sharing factor t of the first phase
1 1
(a) Max-min achievable rate of broadcasting scheme with different time sharing (b) Max-min achievable rate of multicasting scheme with different time sharing
factor t1 . factor t1 .
Fig. 3. The performance comparison of different transmission schemes for varying time sharing factor t1 with δRi = 6dB and
SN R = 10dB.
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Things Journal 9
×107 ×107
6 4
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex NOMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex NOMA Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex TDMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with FTPA for Full-Duplex NOMA
3.5
5 Max-Min Achievable Rate with FTPA for Full-Duplex NOMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex TDMA Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Half-Duplex NOMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Fixed Full-Duplex NOMA Max-Min Achievable Rate with FTPA for Half-Duplex NOMA
3
Max-Min Achievable Rate(bit/s)
3 2
1.5
2
1
0.5
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Residual Self-interference Channel Gain Residual Self-interference Channel Gain
(a) Max-min achievable rate of broadcasting scheme with different δRi . (b) Max-min achievable rate of multicasting scheme with different δRi .
Fig. 4. The performance comparison of different power allocation schemes for varying the residual self-interference channel gain
δRi with SN R = 10dB and t1 = t2 = 0.5.
In addition, as shown in Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 3(a), with t1 and scheme, which implies that FDR-NOMA can further guarantee
SN R increasing, the rate with optimized TDMA and the rate the LLHR requirements in V2X communications compared
with optimized NOMA tend to be consistent in broadcasting with HDR-NOMA. In addition, Fig. 5(c) and (d) depict the
scenarios. It is not difficult to understand that when t1 is small, cumulative distribution function of the achievable rate of all
the achievable rate is depend on the links from the BS to RSUs, vehicles in broadcasting and multicasting schemes respectively,
hence, the rate with optimized TDMA is not as good as the which shows the performance of the proposed schemes in large
rate with optimized NOMA. As t1 increases, we can get the rate region is worse than that of the comparison schemes. That
B
maximum achievable rate when RB,i · t1 = Ri,m · t2 . When is to say the probability to obtain a large transmission rate in
t1 continues increasing, the transmission rate from the RSUs to the proposed FDR-NOMA and HDR-NOMA schemes is lower
vehicles determines the achievable rate for vehicles. Hence their than that of the comparison schemes. However, we can also
rates tend to be consistent since they use the same manner to see that most vehicles can get a medium transmission rate with
transmit information for the links from RSUs to vehicles. Dif- our proposed schemes. It reveals that the vehicles with the
ferent from the broadcasting schemes, the multicasting scheme poor channel conditions get a better rate at the expense of the
with optimized TDMA takes two time slots in the second phase. transmission rate of users with good transmission conditions.
Hence, the superior efficiency of the proposed HDR-NOMA In this way, the QoS of vehicles with poor channel conditions
multicasting scheme can be inferred immediately from the fact can be improved while slightly degrading the performance of
that the number of required time slots has been reduced from vehicles with good channel conditions.
four to two which explains the result that the optimized HDR-
NOMA multicasting scheme outperforms the optimized TDMA VI. C ONCLUSIONS
scheme in Fig. 2(b) and Fig. 3(b). In this paper, two NOMA-based relay-assisted broadcasting
In Fig. 4, the achievable rates for different transmission and multicasting schemes have been proposed for 5G cellu-
schemes are shown by varying the residual self-interference lar V2X communications, and the power allocation problems
channel gain δRi with SN R = 10dB. As we can see, the of the proposed HDR-NOMA and FDR-NOMA broadcast-
max-min achievable rate of HDR schemes does not change ing/multicasting transmission schemes have been investigated
with δRi , since the HDR-based schemes inherently avoid the to maximize the minimum achievable rate of vehicles for the
self-interference. Besides, the proposed FDR-NOMA scheme purpose to guarantee the QoS of vehicles with poor channel
gives a significant performance improvement over the HDR- conditions. We show that the formulated problem is neither
NOMA scheme when δRi is relatively small. However, as δRi convex nor concave. Fortunately, it is shown the considered
increases, the performance of FDR-NOMA scheme decreases problems are quasi-concave. Hence, to solve it efficiently, we
and eventually even lower than HDR-NOMA scheme since the transform it into a sequence of convex feasibility problems
self-interference is so large that becomes the dominated factor. and obtain the solution by a bisection-based power allocation
On the top of the next page, Fig. 5(a) and (b) provide the algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed
cumulative distribution function of max-min achievable rate in scheme outperforms the existing NOMA scheme with fixed
broadcasting scheme and multicasting scheme respectively. It power allocation and optimized TDMA scheme, and achieves a
reveals that the minimum rate of the proposed schemes are significant performance improvement with respect to the FTPA
better than comparison schemes. Besides, compared with HDR- method. Besides, the proposed FDR-NOMA scheme can further
NOMA scheme, better QoS can be achieved by FDR-NOMA achieve larger max-min achievable rate than that of the proposed
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Things Journal 10
CDF CDF
1 1
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
CDF of Max-Min Achievable Rate
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.5
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Fixed Half-Duplex NOMA
0.4 Max-Min Achievable Rate with Fixed Half-Duplex NOMA 0.4 Max-Min Achievable Rate with Fixed Full-Duplex NOMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Half-Duplex TDMA Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex TDMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with FTPA for Half-Duplex NOMA Max-Min Achievable Rate with FTPA for Half-Duplex NOMA
0.3 Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Half-Duplex NOMA 0.3 Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Half-Duplex TDMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Fixed Full-Duplex NOMA Max-Min Achievable Rate with FTPA for Full-Duplex NOMA
0.2 Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex TDMA 0.2 Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Half-Duplex NOMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with FTPA for Full-Duplex NOMA Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex NOMA
Max-Min Achievable Rate with Optimized Full-Duplex NOMA
0.1 0.1
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
7
Max-Min Achievable Rate(bit/s) ×10 Max-Min Achievable Rate(bit/s) ×107
(a) CDF for the max-min achievable rate in broadcasting scheme. (b) CDF for the max-min achievable rate in multicasting scheme.
CDF CDF
1 1
0.9 0.9
CDF of Achievable Rate of All Vehicles
0.7 0.7
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Achievable Rate(bit/s) 7 Achievable Rate(bit/s) 7
×10 ×10
(c) CDF for the achievable rate of all vehicles in broadcasting scheme. (d) CDF for the achievable rate of all vehicles in multicasting scheme.
Fig. 5. The cumulative distribution function of achievable rate for different transmission schemes with SN R = 5dB, δRi = 6dB
and t1 = t2 = 0.5.
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NOMA-SM in vehicle-to-vehicle massive MIMO channels,” IEEE J. Sel. of Information Science and Technology, Southwest
Areas Commun., vol. 35, pp. 2653–2666, Dec. 2017. Jiaotong University (SWJTU), Chengdu, China. He
[16] Z. Ding, M. Peng, and H. V. Poor, “Cooperative non-orthogonal multiple received the Ph.D. degree in Communication and In-
access in 5G systems,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1462–1465, formation Systems from Beijing University of Posts
Jun. 2015. and Telecommunications (BUPT) in 2015, and the
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using non-orthogonal multiple access,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 19, from Sichuan University (SCU) in 2010. He was also
no. 11, pp. 1949–1952, Nov. 2015. with the University of British Columbia and Carleton
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orthogonal multiple access with simultaneous wireless information and to Nov. 2014.
power transfer,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 938–953, His current research interests include 5G cellular networks, connected vehicle
Apr. 2016. networks, full-duplex wireless, network virtualization, resource management,
[19] X. Yue, Y. Liu, S. Kang, and A. Nallanathan, “Performance analysis of cross-layer design and protocol optimization. Dr. Liu has co-authored more than
NOMA with fixed gain relaying over nakagami-m fading channels,” IEEE 30 technical papers in international journals and conference proceedings. He won
Access, vol. 5, pp. 5445–5454, Mar. 2017. the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Award of BUPT in 2015, the Best Paper
[20] Z. Wang, J. Hu, G. Liu, and Z. Ma, “Optimal power allocations for relay- Award in IEEE ICC’2014, and the Second Prize in the National Undergraduate
assisted NOMA-based 5G V2X broadcast/multicast communications,” in Electronic Design Contest of China in 2009. He is now serving as the secretary
Proc.IEEE/CIC ICCC, Beijing, China, Aug. 2018, pp. 591–596. and treasurer for IEEE ComSoc, Chengdu Chapter. He has also served as
[21] T. Riihonen, S. Werner, and R. Wichman, “Mitigation of loopback self- reviewers/TPC members for numerous journals and conferences, such as IEEE
interference in full-duplex MIMO relays,” IEEE Trans. on Signal Process- Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Transactions on Wireless
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duplex relaying: A survey, research issues and challenges,” IEEE Commun. Networking, IEEE Communications Letters, IEEE Access, Digital Signal Pro-
Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 500–524, May 2015. cessing, Wireless Networks, International Journal of Communication Systems,
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wireless: Challenges and opportunities,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., IEEE ICC2012, IEEE Globecom2013, IEEE WCNC2014, CloudCom2015,
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[26] J. Tang and X. Zhang, “Cross-layer resource allocation over wireless relay
networks for quality of service provisioning,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., Zhiqing Wang received the B.Eng. degree from South-
vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 645–656, May 2007. west Jiaotong University in 2017. She is currently
[27] N. Otao, Y. Kishiyama, and K. Higuchi, “Performance of non-orthogonal pursuing the master degree with the Department of
access with SIC in cellular downlink using proportional fair-based resource Electronic and Communication Engineering, South-
allocation,” in Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. Syst., Paris, France, Aug. west Jiaotong University.
2012, pp. 476–480. Her research interests include vehicular networks
[28] M. B. Shahab, M. F. Kader, and S. Y. Shin, “On the power allocation of and non-orthogonal multiple access.
non-orthogonal multiple access for 5G wireless networks,” in Proc. IEEE
ICOSST’16, Lahore, Pakistan, Dec. 2016, pp. 89–94.
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[30] Z. Yang, Z. Ding, P. Fan, and N. Al-Dhahir, “A general power allocation
scheme to guarantee quality of service in downlink and uplink NOMA
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Aug. 2016. Jiewen Hu received the B.Eng. degree from Southwest
[31] G. Liu, X. Chen, Z. Ding, Z. Ma, and F. R. Yu, “Hybrid half-duplex/full- Jiaotong University in 2017. He is currently pursuing
duplex cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access with transmit power the master degree with the Department of Electronic
adaptation,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 506–519, and Communication Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong
Jan. 2018. University.
[32] W. Cheng, X. Zhang, and H. Zhang, “Full/half duplex based resource His research interests include vehicular networks and
allocations for statistical quality of service provisioning in wireless relay non-orthogonal multiple access.
networks,” in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Orlando, FL, USA, May 2012, pp.
864–872.
[33] Z. Zhang, Z. Ma, M. Xiao, Z. Ding, and P. Fan, “Full-duplex device-
to-device-aided cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access,” IEEE Trans.
Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 4467–4471, May 2017.
2327-4662 (c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2908415, IEEE Internet of
Things Journal 12
2327-4662 (c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.