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CNC Machine Repair

 Spindle Head Alignment

 Pallet alignment
 Turret Alignment
 Orientation adjust parameters
 Tailstock alignment
 What is backlash?
 Backlash check adjustment
 Girdshift overtravel Parameters
 Hydraulics problems
 Estimated repair times?
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 Ballscrew troubleshooting
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 Fanuc Yaskawa Daito Fuses

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Machine tool backlash adjustment compensation parameters

What is Backlash?

One of the main reasons your CNC machine loses its accuracy, is due to- you
got it- backlash! Backlash is the mechanical loss of motion that can result from
a mechanical or electrical problem. Basically backlash is the amount the screw
has to rotate when reversing directions before the table or turret start to move.

How is backlash compensated?

Backlash can be tested with indicators, lasers, ballbars or other measuring

devices to determine how much motion is lost when an axis reverses direction.
This value is entered in the machines parameters, so when an axis changes
direction, it compensates the amount in the parameter to determine when the
axis will physically move. The value of the parameter is usually in millimeter.
Below, are the common parameters and program to run backlash test.
Remember to Write down original values first!!!

Also, you may want to set the backlash comp first to zero to get the total
amount of backlash to make sure it is not excessive. Reading should usually be
below .008. Anything above .010 you might want to consider taking a closer
look.

Where is the backlash coming from?

Make sure the bearings are pre-loaded properly. Run the each axis separately
in a rapid program. Does it sound like a low growl? Compared to the other
ones. If yes the bearings are bad. The problem could be any or a combination
of the following- ballscrew or nut, bearings, ways, linear guides, belts, gears,
 coupling devices, and key stock.

NOTES: Write down original values in parameters first. Parameter value of 10

usually means .010mm on Fanuc controls. Other manufacturers may be
different. 1mm=.0394 Also, some controls have a rapid and feed backlash, feed
is usually all that needs to be adjusted.

Backlash Parameters

Fanuc

0 control X=535,Y=536, Z=537, 4th=538

3 control X=53, Y/Z=54, Z=55
6 control X=115, Y/Z=116, Z/3rd=117, 4th=118
10,11,12,15,16,18, 21,16I,18I,21I XYZ=1851

Mitsubishi -2012

YASNAC
MX3 X=6400, Y=6401, Z=6402
LX3 X=6282, Y/Z=6283, Z=6284

Backlash explanation– Good article

http://www.maintenanceresources.com/Reference Library/ezine/backlash.htm

Backlash Check Program

(do not use hand wheel)

Lathe
G1 G98 G53 F10.
U.010
U-.010(record reading)
U-.010
U.010 (record reading)
M99

How to check backlash

The difference is your backlash.

Note: the larger the distance between moments during this test the more accurate it
will be. Sometimes an axis must be jarred to make up excessive backlash and see
more reliable results

Use with plunger style indicator and mount closest in-line with the ballscrew so, if
there is any looseness or play in the gibs, this will have the least effect on your
indicator readings. It is also a good idea to check farthest away from the center of
the ballscrew to determine how much movement is coming from the gibs or linear
guides. Change U or W values in the NC program to smaller values if you would like
to use tenths indicator. For horizontal and vertical machines change the program
above to use XYZ moves and use G91 and remove G98. G53 is a command that
uses the machine coordinate for position. Your machine may not use this so you
may need to alter it to fit your machine. You may also use the step mode to perform
the test, but not the handwheel. Perform test in single block. Indicator must be firmly
mounted, including stems to mag base in-line and retracted closest to the mag base
for best results. If comparing with tenths indicator they should both read the same. If
not you may see problems with stick slip effect. See below to do quick checks to
determine this

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