) 3 8 fe] o ° ° 3 > D . 9 ° e e e e e e e e e e e eo eo a > > » BD e 2 3 Networks af 7 @ ped Basice oo g Arc CioCUres 2) _steacysrere 8 pense wR s Maq nel 8) Systhests 9) poxypnase cfowutts Textbooks » Fundamentals OF glectafe. cfacuryé > py algnander 2) ange cionut Arai sear aed DIE 3) NetwortA and systems sane — by De Roy. caaebas4 1S ) nemaoat anys eee cad KUDOSCCOCOCOHCHLECOCOCODOOCOOLO OOO LEO CODONEundamentaf 2 were ais Natural Current” = conventional Current Ki i A #The Eafic quantity an electvc crocutt fe oer? 7 the eteton fe qn GY too x10" C * # qhe Eton) op Electong Ff cated at ‘current (oa) whe TIM oF charge te also cated aC “current” * BY using conventtonal| currenk only KVL ey RCL eqé developed: T=E@hr) CIs x Ambs ¥ TO move hE electran §=ferom one point to anotkes) potor fn peaiticuiarr Hisection — eqresnal- force t sequined, in electric Ciacuité exrennal force Poavided bY Electno MOLVE Foswe cep): pad it if gives &Y syle ©) vos aq the rime male of Krenz fe cated charge. e are ane ac | Powe} * cc FIOM ir Now we Wit Atccege come mpae conclusions On Por'el fo ar f 1g 4 *, source lv ff ~ z - = pelivey — pel tvev AbSor | [.. AbSor peliver Abwor notes | + Curent Entening Hiosse1 bING PORE * at +e Teyminal element te pee ee eee ee - (ae when curen fe leaving faom ve reominal, etement Fe fe aleltvenring. powes* @ Fined Powe op cach Elemente of the Mw shown + . WA ‘se + no tov © (® Deas = i = =32W be BE = BNC ceea) + BK6S we Fa = BROS TBM Senet) as a asa petven) Pan . Py = SXF Z3e ( ab6om re 1 OBL Po: yoxto = HOON ( Abbfoab) 0 tov eS = 2h ( prbsorb) eR ” SS ot to do re Home te cated as 898 yo the we { Pate watt Se om) THU clactfication ef gremenyA i Dp xctive 4 passive element linear 4 Non Atnear ererentt : 2 unt staecttonal + er dinectow | seve Wy time vaayenr a ime “Anvasient” Elene! Lurnped & fe batbured ejementz Q9eeoeoe@e@eoeoocosceccooooooooos9N909 0900595990 9| | | 7 Gena cy Andereset Cepenciee \ eece Sou c! \ L a vevs Sous cees: vecs L @ Xaeat Practical ‘ioe ode 1 in vel ven nee ina “finer volege cure ource Durce. ot, [tinea wonlinedt Active ejementt 1 ~ when the erement 16 capable of clervesting ene 07) log pime. cappoontmateld ao Hime) » of. Antermal api qieation ” (oR when the gyemenr having Povofe: a cated at " ackive srementt ctren “the element Bae vortaqe source cunsen sounce , TaANSISTON & op-aMP * Vid sources |}? Anclerendent” Se pependent opamp , wenssiol y> notes puting cliecharging capaci (on) ranted esnaleltver Ener] 4 frdlependentty -fo* groat me and capactos- Co" Anductor) fe nti having Paopesty op antennal ampléfica Hon’ Passive elemenfa *— when qe eiement & nor CApae of: deltestng enerey Independpotty trea Th & called as “paccive giement"» (wergigg) Bale Joansfosmer ae OY stepup 09) stepdoon qe wollaye * Not w " —e Power + cp chen. Fo Anternsl ampliffeition * Reststor ator tr oprec Reseiance &€& 4 Paopest'y of the 10 fos of- Cuazenl bY ot] S it corvere e@le Hear energy b pave he nage PUES ERE . Trearere gd craic Energy to oo0e0e66e8 eveoceeeooeoeeoeso0900000 oo °foe a ea 4 earreally malentalt ve clattifiel nto 3 igrer bared On seciclivity © t Paopeaty * 0 c Pb conehttort Sip rena | ( 4m) |? Semt-condY ony ae ist 2 Ly tncuatort gr meet ee RE Rott) Ro = Resictante at OC vor exp cress Seti TS we t= changein Temp” Ohm's law 3— 2 kK—1—a . F denst ry chm} law crater thar ar Coretainh Temp ia aeathy & ctiaedly paopeertfonet gtectare eteld 4 thy. the. +ve Tempuco-Efte ’ Toe @Coceeececvevs00c2009000000050 | qempn fotent® r conser on \aW iat Ele ge dtoectly Powoposttinal to lye yement “ rw Sa bh ® Curren ne “f it oe Pelee = poeoesedo>) a 9 fe) oO ° °o e °e ° e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e #F noteer: ohm’s jaw Ee vail when tempr & condutviKt of te matenfal are ansfants ioe = ! ‘ : oe Fee] —easre tormula Te = ve Z Qe 4v 4 vert]? and fo cake] Saw ra 28 reel + Gea Be 1 a rant Loh ae one a eer RK _PD@y voltage wh ce réght aa FO SOP ve ONE eV ‘ \y EAS | ay * pl ee y pores Ve ~etseer Emr _-oreqeah ceiiee rentiart diff" ) sieving Emr @ PO 4 — ! dP « souse, wr ge pe oa) voltage ie vol’ te me & CAE sede ~) oubof wece TWO & oat rfttede aque J emp 8 ancdopendent On CHA 4 hn fie ‘oul potent fal dees pependt - ater” vil cra > ic ot or ett nN p a t WV r W& ¢ Lops ‘ at 1] wy 2 vf or ied | per ee poiaetter QP 90% 9 vfor sevens raged & fone’ : independent * oes and chaar ae 1 when eement ae Thee damenk hen “fhe elevent ff eae] & "Bednecktonal elementé"* whey erement ebeys he ohms [ats thes “the slemenk~ caked |g “Jinea rectstoo"* *% evesty Mneas element Should obey the bidirectional Paopestte bur oor vicevesica + OO] OPS ae when eremenh paopesttes amd chain elepends oo of ee Cawrent “hen -he atemenh. & called at gzenent” — ef) ofede- ‘ R ulben Element deecnor obey? she ohmig lan then the etemeat- re cate af Non Mfnear Reckstoy + v-£ chas" & conclude which ooooogdc she dfreckion “unk directional ee us * constdesy tne folloui type op element Th ye? y : : Non linea * trectional idl ye Non Afaedae -* Tnrcltnecrionat — Pb Pan op megs Hive tor) pactive =? ‘ered ECHONS OMEN Be a ' “unit recone | * = ve ye = REWE _-_ oo Mie Wenge te #f z + bat W/cm ele inen tl paem Oe 4 " saheneven Yaa hee apancneet * WE pagie nies REP | ve valued doen ent’ ord f £0 Concwsion Fs R Nonlinear 8) * nt ton Hoe Ar opeft Ob Tarts ier BA every Uneasy siemens nen \raes? 4 \ & 3 a Eg $ Ineo eeeeeeeeoeoeoo0on0000n0000 0.note, — 4s 4p Y fee An the both co-ondinalgs then the element Te Paccive + Q: when gtemen obeys ‘the bidisectional Paopestty chaan are Adenttcal an the Opposit Com oridmarez: Lup nol fn He Adjetcenr co-ordmales Bs every lfnearr etemeni™ Choutd obey the Lf drnectfonal proPeatty bul “not vicevesea * Anductoa :- citfmnn Plate conto, 4 anes CH051* uP of rd anaargen porated + 0 % optatned * a 4 mayiierid oy { que 10 twit ‘i : fl et te Fluy) mn ¢ a weal te ad | vet Nv are ott) > faradayld tC Iaar~ s09p4- wiven conducton GA A a - ot the fomee an EMP Indu the. conduttor" Faoreday's 24 13 Emr ‘ingueed 19 THE eon i atwettly propoational nate of Change FU > o> ap —t wr . eer NF ae BK a 2 ep] Yea yf “eS eo de Ig 1aed * © ei a sais eral ») [exe 6 9 el 2 woe eo dynanicaily anole) ome Genestator vohene > Cfeuncasly Pechied vers toon — J S 8 Oo o e ° e e °o e e e e e e e@ e eo e@ e e e e e e@ e e e e e e@ e@ e00000009008 e °o ° e e oe eo e °e e e@ e e e e e e e e e e e o Netwotl ... Yo When anductance of the aindluchr ¥ eindepenceat om the current aindudot” eum Aircore induc for ve hor. 2 gh ror Phaor + P40 ve idea t= Va a’ wah ot eh eecrate | magne HE 4 4 2 OME di= ae je" Diz SE fy & ES 8 (3 Ba pernpacility fs we Propelty exist * ay ~ th wero seme FoaO” Mo 1 of the meettury fn whF magnttuce. nen the Arcctor & called ar “Near 3) when anducrance OF Anducts clepends on CuMrenh ma} nf tod anen je Ancluctoy % calla "Non lineas, inductor: emer Aton core A a gro ee aD af woh» el oh ipeor , eh Or contlool itaot = e i CSStkated) Wie mal — near] then nontient =— ugne L£ wow sult tvule e® °° SO + a pe ie 3 : pot yxy? Hier ae) Mae petative permabilit] (He cy Bags te FredNOLO Twang ema reluctance we can trdeuk THEE formula ‘alld only FO Afoear amgluctot Here voltage and correnféare melated: SO we carn cd) thiZ at “abm's lato sth yauoeom* > sas te ao valid only FO% yinear anduto” tp elemen™ > pee chmiglaw eP reared + ytre ao echelon THY giemitarly Fo {yer roe v ong, 6h tom 1+ Powea arsippatton tn deal Ancluctoa H Baval to Zer0 thee. anreral sectstance =O> a. Anductor stom anergy energy): we Tle (Pa (Pat rye wee santana Tg sdf far ape tm the FOAM) OF magnet Field (foe We {pdr = we seh] pw 3. under steady stave condftfon Fo pC unc as chor ck" Pee 3 2 5 5 + g0 For Gndlaoh CHF v= - eh fe . ao e ainductor act ‘ao 2 OP OLSNOD OLOLONSEO EHO O78:O16) 01 GEOHOOOTGOBSO C2 O0 Ue) Anductoa coeg not allow ~Gideden change OF Curisenty since for sudden change of cunsenr Anftnite. voilage fe resyutred' oc ve td etdiz 4¢dr30 7 ve tgs 2) Anductor dees MF alow agablen charge Of currently Sfute_ PaeHcal anductoa ck bar finite value of- The. contant Tek 3 AIO. dea! anductor| 0 — antermall mechttance. norm» peractical Anduetoa- 7 : ote churn capacitance. Pow. ; : oe at wih Foesuency 9) bigh voltage 4) nk when Anducton operate , my eamfl) Xe = ange ue9h 8 when ghgh 3 rerio co ante cuswent passe Throw] Sele capne ‘ > seit caps t ao paecent Mh the TF 4 ZA Kv C = cout | pit &) fant coeeoeeseoecoveocooeoooeaoeon0n0gngangnn0n00olo[gQaw | — ae th HIMES [fatpen ' ovin 3 a (c= %) =) cap Kintke sagden chengerfo conect Neltage + Ansrantantouz fewer Payre y cay dt a = ve Wwe tpat> fyedy a = $C H who] Tous YS pe nde! 7 Wap — under sreaay srare éond* OW nor ge0 under qmangienk * ~ 7 ‘ready gare cond for generate yee i v ait Be ae chee 7 TY ssprestom we tary gt a7 deal capacitor; H equal to Keo: wen distppation 1 a cs ye the for of electarfc Fred (regal CATO Story ener 1 €= bol ge ferastivthY the Properhy Of- y= RelaVe Peamiatar it cate +!) i b @nduction pia r= = prea of qarcecrian OF duction P d= pisance bw 700 conducting: piarel we moe 1. st i) | . Meceoeoeeeeeeconvoeoooooooocooooqgq000000N00»when capaci Ice Of ye CA rn tance of th actos! EK Andes on the P F pendent voltage magnitude then the capacitor if caned 3 "inea cpt ae ee, Of the capator, & depends On the voltage i] vnen the capacitoy ft called a “non [fueay Capacitor 2am varactor doce. g yaatab(e|_, fos non linear capacitor . a» DoD seme capadtton contovagtty chaaging 29 Perkfcuea Point { i=0' id An othervoads ap sreadystare devo pice fate cond Jom pe source eapacttor IH F q 4 a under cready $ open ctvcutt! fo cay, a 5 wo Cre re aves gro CVE 7 er b oe al capacttor doecn'r alto tudden : Changes fF Croppenit» of YeNRFet- ote easr Since. -foa Sudden Change of vollayes dnyinife Curent Ef reyutred* © capacitor doeg not atlow Suctlen change of voltage since Poactical capacitor circuth has -froire vate of- srime conseanit + & nore a _L, Aiea) caPadtoa reaxoge FUN i ph pl, eH a ot x hat why We Ste correct] PraciGl_Capadtor paral! ye learage Path res” “Ata fe ye medtuen ANT offers igh siggn £0 fe & order of MeqaQe” ooeeeeen. e @©000080086882880028090000900 S <3 = > ‘o &cI bey 23 v3 OF pte gat ea Bo tafe ura’ AC EE oni" nl 5 deal voltage Source - goats y abe? yaa ~iGereraly De vayyel eprecented by capital v,43- wet) wet SI) ge ceeareee Ns ” et vet) secre nna yt) Rg= Anrernal nerictance : = 4 vee vas volrage Scores = yeve £& practial volrage OL — x amet source clorvens enerpy ana ‘creck Pred woaye-CY) ° * qdea) vol which %& Ande endent on Current” del "ves by the source * (avers ser" Fein OF Ackal voltage Sour Source. =O) at specipfel Vollage() ® practical velrage source lel which depenadz ™ e Source oloet nor * andependent” vol thao % Non (meaet: since yet % andeendent voltage Ure & uni element + = AMentt fy y-& chars ] verry” ete 78 ee he sols * ue a ~. Gad hi Baredon tveva Energy Gurren cletiver by she fevrce* obeys the Ohmis tad 7 diqettional 4= Non Itnear sousee f-, options ou pave to Seleck * paece eweeeeedboeceodcucooasgcooGa oorNS DOCCOCCCACOCHGCESEGOHGOOO0BAH99000000 \ oO. yer ReolucHon Techsiwer 2— Y —s ) See y ) 4 3) ) be 4) ae Ye @ i ; ae ® of : ; =e Cb: 2 & pr) _ “et negte chee] 2 Os Ri nogle re (vs>¥) sor 2 or @ ed camenr whe RH eto} @ 104 @'s @Mrtone core AI ov @5h i ee oO 9 jive Nw « car cate EE So iat apply tHe Nia Ara? : Shou | BE nto el voltage acwps all the pavaltel barenchy Shou be gqyual © j tov 10y nor catecty KVL" 8 6S PO" ie woe wyucir Boeke 2 Gu pe ote ever Two or mone Dus! Ne have one doubt" her Be mre “to -upe sipen. postdtan Theeren? caceO!- : i ee] * ‘causell) “ peg ats oto =O" cased)” [eeer a0 wo ato nation ThEOAeM fi-o: ' Suen Fee SredanPuve tee shar mea gupearasttions Theorem se ecrong 7 ge are presentLerys consreler cacQ «WV w a aK ek wty no cattty the KVL’ Lo | wwe Never apply supenpasttfon Theor to tne cet: 40% “the. above ciacuil” Gupest position qheosem Can nor be applted: Since caceO 4 cace@ axe oF cath ty tLe gt Ig Me fae ® we “~e $ Pe ee | gw a i | i | par | 1A eet sor a 1 A FER | 3 @ se El ~H with ar meet & ngitthpul neti the toad Current Ts eames ty aisle calculetteg “he. load Curfeor” we can pegiec he Qn neler nog rem tp he aucteg The couse Cenjent 7 fouree power ves weAZlA vette Be Yen im with pn set" Ge DAY 7 ypx20 = 280% ge zorenuow 4 = so By | R are. nor ame + Therefore a reen Should not be neqlecred —whtle cajeulativg the Source Carrenr €, Source fever. NOTE) an tre aloove CFBeustn a veCeETANe§ 2H be neglected wise cajcutaring entner lodd Currenke ©) load voltage" 2) An We Aue cireuth” 2 aectclance Can nor be neq! wKle caulatve etther” Gourte. Current @r) Source forler | ia Poe vel BO i sah" so An koh aed Degg i poe ese eoeooceo00000090090990999 979% ~~~ e@c000000000 eeoeeeeseeaeaeonvecesceaeaooe dct Now Bo= F cr Withour nee currentovrce wi Curentource Ig22A fee 2OND= rou) oe Re aor) 's = 30W so while carculatiny Bis hon! 7Iemove Curren punte « worei~ 9) an the Bvove ciatuir Cument-fource (an be neg rectal pte — cateutalt efther load Curent or load voltage. a) An the avwe cincatk Cursen Gurte can not be neg lected nie Gaiosarug. efthen vottaye -burce Cumenh er) Voltaresource: ower * x SS Ades a k roy a) yee) = Noles : + spectefed current cf) ceeteas Cumenr Spurce. cletivers Ene J al ee Maepencet On eae acbee the f0usce * 6 Qe aaternal @6" Of Adeal Curret Cource = 00 oe, ex 3 pesctital Cumenh gpvece cettvere energy at specified cusnent (1) which depends o votige AUC the qourse ” anelepenclent Curtenh Sourte alos nor ovey ‘S the ohmig law) sinte! VT chavn ig Non tinea NOE ay GealTime app|Teations No , 5h tigation, —L+ Anthe given drevi™ Yotkaqe tource © vO canbe neqiected wife canmaring eliner load Cured so} 3 °o o oO ° ° ° e ° e °e ° e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e @ e e or load witage asAnrhe above clocutl voltage fource Gan nol be —_o Neglected whfle caltulaying eflhes voltage actoct Curren Souree (or) Power of* the Current puice « athematteal Exe SI ea i 1 gq, in +43 —Sy-Te +2 =0 principle node i » eqn of crag KCL woes bated on The patnetple of ram anemone AT % yc stares that algebrale eptey oF Curent meetig, at Pott: % eyual to Zelo" % when the wo etement€ are comected togetter then toe Font caied ac “imple Node” © lnen wwre-ran “Iwo elemenke ae connected together einen the. Common -%% called at “principle Node": common) f wlinere, : $1 % 55153 ae 2 sieple Nodes © © Rie prineiple be comer i ate — we te BE yn Di | T= A RR She . ae ' 1 sie er qb. lag Lt te 2 _ gb 7 Get 124 eee t= 4 Sago te se qt a ef Oe | Set. » St ays TS PE Ce em t WH a Branch ee a aed Yai ® + 4 ie wee te ‘sae Ry ar ee “i simtiary -for anductor * & crpastt- {0 capecttor”RyLt— Nee Se wet r NE ) oo ~~ Wavete = = A 3 3 $ _Ke0 9 Ny Mo avy tM 5 hE 2 vote, = ete o o 7 kvl wale paced on -the pornetple of Law OF contenatiy og fe FL stardehial A\gebrate Saw OF the volreyer fn a ciated toop Ef 9° epusl to ZED" . 9 fb) Cind vive of the, cet chow? a ° @) 6h ‘o- wap ¢ Ver OHO a 30 @ iov ie fire oe ° D : ae ° voltage edivition Rule? 7 eg) Be 3 Rey RAPD ° e Vt ov a, wee we Bag BEE ere et te ° eye ° yo ob 7 & Saree 2 ne As > Cag> BE @ oF A sh 8 gy ean Cow). = ash, @ es Cayisyt> ‘ circuit sng energy oe copatt tor of the ct w ® = a chown? meceeeeeeoeooveoecooeooeooeaoncoosccoo90909N90N0900€jooeceeoees @eeoeoeeoeooeoeceooeagneosgnnsooss 90 { Rap: Vr Se. Raptt a TAGE Rb NHR Rig Fat Kats = Lee) @ nee reondeyito A IB RE ae io PAB ; [5 —— : re! apt!) (ras?) Re 24, spree 8 Rar NS wher a ea. of MOF e2er ave connected 0 seriee to -ource Ys 0 cae * vollage oe py when THO capacitor’ ae charged jug ey ae. wet? Find ‘yl arctoss cactoet tn pavetel conection connected in peatal pr MOE OF jase or aver gieak : = yor — uo ° “18 eu" “Gono 3 os wv ge Hex40= 12.00€ _fo charge 0” cel2O0E 1 MG x L2ORe eor s0F on ce ve qor t= = zou my 30 et Qty gox yor 12006 ve = Gor YO =60V : =(200C quy= gon207"1 = wo 2e Aye New 31 Hor oy poe s 420760 © Hie] Cog = YO (ye Qr= 2400 = Yov ~ ind the sis 60 = rue a He Nyy 010"? I 2 ey \ Mgr oo > gross Tepe =B* Bex tag) * PS oA on ee soo) Cape a connected in thE rene, se no oNange tm Aoad cuasent * oA NOTE:~ when cle! 4 reduce. ment ae come: +e NW star— cred either Tn cerfer nor tm parallel sata wamcgormation sel: eoecos ed eo oce ° eo eco eooon0000 eoooo 0 0¢ cSDeeeeeeeeaoeoeooeaeoocoeoeooecnongnngnn0o0ocan0n0 Star - Deis Tantfomatio ep &b ayes a ve ee es ia e ee qe, SN Fe + a u Delta nt sree pelta to start sorte Delta 38) Pues: eae Riker ee ste Rp Ve ae Ra teeth, i giret@resre® Ste _: Se Re= Rpke & eo Rot Rp tee €= eerste gs Rake Ry Ra teat he kb is ue te Loe Za 7G ton eimer-tom a to Y ©) dosing -rantformalion ne she procedure OF cM tart $6 ree > DF = 2A 2 bi w@) 4 Goa w® ; yy fe ee = 5 “oO i 2 at 6 Diode. in FEISS PS CCCCECCOSSw 7 ad DV ‘ 0000080 @©eee80e0000 ° eoeo e@e00 e@eo0o0000e0cs 0O0 yes cout ees fg : qoral no: = b-tN) . 2 3ac-) =e cated +he A, NOE ine above Nin +0 gind Jo = 2a eon written) | — a 4) uta (since Chinen ree & ner | egy [AE eninierim tenor mee a poeeeeeoeoeooocooocooeoocoeoaoocooocoogco 2000 |19 . 19 find 7 FOE cleh chow 19° sl ser math gato taf, FESO) =0 —aytiO (aM = —vapt?'S — Va =0 3 Vaezh?5 (areas), Find 11g Ta of the trout coe? a mores when Cxonrent efourtee boven we \w Se commen for THe mene tf @ poccivle to find Suton by sig ov 5) sv Gaper meth_Teanigue @ om) ©02600600800080008000008900090999000 —— ety 2) CY pet ee cpp tite i poe aa Seve aN al —3@ wet) oper Meh 5 pyet eel ny F — Betta Ne of the Nifw Showin” _vg AR, Te js 4 7® ir >® Rat 133-0 O ® sol sol tg-fe= 4s 0 4 ® tae BE a3 gh = 8 WF Bd pyeo7€ Rs Noda -Anatysis por paratiel Cb Nola Noda Pranysic CaN be applied 0% Pyocedu: Nodetl Anal Ip Adenttfy Total Norof nosed tn the afven NfRl enue ro % -Acsignare. wolrage ab eathreley one a Mate Nude: =And reference cake potential srould ee mrangsic & better) ‘planar @ NON Planar Nfias * epusl to qound Potent*al Cow): 3) pevelope Kel eye at eat ron reference Necle+ d rode rolleged * ) & sonra Kel eyis Fin& pana ada Analyse ‘Tofel notof- we he eg s —I w Go ah Apes where n= noiok moder? ow Sol = ys ae =e 2 Yan ® sind BiG Ro cf Ihe AI -choon 7 ay, = 100 y= HOY vw“ 4 Beg AO =a tpt Bee vi ae a Set st? yoy Mo <10 -® Re 1 OO see + soZrs” San Np 20 V 1oP - LIT norof CRNA = eae! rom heart yey 2s Swe Neyutre onl one eyuakon res iat Fivd-me node yalragel fn the. mike nin minimem ove ea 2 Duta» pod WG OF the Nips thor? ® uy Vo— 4 © ae = ry a - 520 a Mt = 1 coeoeeoeooooocococeaeeoeoono0000 00099990 92 d Yn ree connene an reference red at & pontpie to phd fojution @ bY wont Cuper Note TeonniweG10 (eee Hee oO pa gh vet Obit ee @ A pracricar cequire oF BY rect evtbObnlt lan é < bg Yeremna rec gat 3 super Node? i ~ ren Connected tp Non lineal is a ene Nay ae vr Gard he chan Of non \inea 21een O ¥% VA Wave Gen ty ye 1 «dod 2 NLE TNL eterna Power ditippation in Hye non linet — @ 2h nee fe tor? ‘ tue fo};" ot A Yr el! i: x : ie g, V, xt} -2+ aSyc Ne ae ogee Tuck at wu M gyre Woe =o DO a yt Zz = ee Baw 2298 | oe ae ee ston 0 8) Bp wie We fe MINCE © A Eully charged mobtie phone ped i a XR for en aime pustng TareTIme Batten clever? 3 conan eet of BA.» the voltae das ut? _taetine ac pm fa the. Rye: ind energy of he Ba Fery dur?og taiehine } ea ny 6 Wov |— -- ° whe y .) oR ge See =Cboosee) ; ia le Vda Tokat-Aren= (6012) +(én 10) = 4600 Dee o o oe ° ° e ° ° 8 e 8 e e e 9 e e e e e @e e e e e e e @ oe QCc J000 600008800 00000000080086000000000 Ac toure acres Rerictol’~ 3 & - evtt) gine stb = ns = veg sinidt bt Ftp Fee) ever TO pe Pints “Tan gin Se ¢ sivat] a jet (4 COC) = Jin 1 Oa tertanfoys Power = wai id — an¢ man, Sen e USTTAE Nwerage rowe ars ‘Prete a 2 “vent eq = Be a eos pe nl gwen power comple! v ered Nyse fe" rom this. whenever” voitag® compl a nore AINIYA i ton cyclen Fe weve verre som aoxie So em cel Ca aeer wawegor™) fend Ac Source ne ee gee. Mile * S9 7 i conte vc vm 3 cae) aa const : —_——_ “be “ anges PHT satin nae pen = vee SYot ve 900 Fal Andlutlon neve lk trary the energy to by ecoooo000gc “a thee mathematical OpreCCfon We CAP Support war f=soH = looH=* fp oor Noes : es ae AS aways phator ign! are eeretogesd eee ™E atu) ie anthe sve hal cycle OF we fover wave. a +86 Far” Badger emg ofa Ne ei tan the. ve half CYte of ibe pee a. wave anductor delivers énerqy to te goutle: Thereby Neb power faving ° | ; 7 | 1 fom ws Lource fe equal tO Jeo? * : ° 46 ¢ ; * nore, an sewed ques Generally caren & os fe the reference: » voltage @ - = ani pavael ‘a0 ao we . 7 e e : Sub" e wet’ . thie wots A pprour acta tion ne Apaettle SAphator rotation serene 4n vector Notation + m pracor Notation seubiiraet * Gade, roawollage exeurert * erosor> THO ler : vector muito on ows AC Source zeros capacitor. +— 4c yevesinise ae cr Minsi¥9) vee " ar SWYy coe Ym cHcedt (st) CSeeeceeoeoe se oce _———__FW) = Tay + Sar +90) 4 noo 4 ptn= ee cotat o ae se nf grout = .S 5(t) = oe 1 pe : RL Sete checutt Rte é siyyl o~ a Petey VEMRTL og! Verge * ul Vv ye sets DL i = re (arse) 4 Va 5% A YR ae wnete AAD eet pharor phacor agm ' so “4 ve s™, ETAL vactorclgr: ) . 7 conmseon TEM) v= ven | ET sont OPT | 6= qa! %) “wie we can ebay 1 cosine oe (ORE El" 92 a8 (H) AK re i 40 power triangle (or) creepers teryeeal fuer (oH) THe er P > Mege pase ca) effete (ee! untte wba fe Joooeeeececcvesesceoceocoagcz000c5 900% | | | | | | | | | | }> aincluctive Reactive Powel — ust: VAR ; PF -Appes ent ower ©) iia tag Compier Power unlit > VA - cvoirAenpere) Aitantarriok faces 2 PCE)= VCE) CE) May SMO Ilm Linn = Vin SOS O) Tay Ginn ee Now Aa or fg = oe a *, =% (“nT int 9) inst actor ~ Vv jane pator® (ing ote) a Fon clefting pp FOr any Api Take voltage phaco' Why dorie_we take current as ref 2— explanatian '£ given beled" 1) Suprepe RO 3 27 vb Vecunce cont whtle defining fe we have 2 bake Ye conclanr vit - rhalé why voltage Faken arrepn 2) an he zeal Time applica Lions we are faving voltage ag rep wr ; i : nai bon npte— white lepentag nature of OF ‘for any combina of Networe §—wolleqe phator % tahen at NEfy Sine 2) Source Voltage EC Contlont 2) mH he vealtime cutter) C toad voltage & conttant) ras nferene + a an are Paranel errant ts +o [pact Ve connected in Paralie]1D Power Factor ange, Andicares PasiHOn of cust Phator wirito wm | 2 voltage phawr- | O *# poner Factor cleft nee contitbution ep srecective load fm the total ,O load of we Lose oO * Anshe Practical —yitem aiwayt Hm pit kK degtoiable - | Esin @qsrrer’ ’ | vs® zv"r = yz expanations— 1 gov velo So =1ol8e - SP per % cae eeu ' EE 220 je bla VET uel Meg vst fe absontelly wot eorrest RO_seriee iat Te ve 40 aye yoyo + Vel ; se) Ve ~jve ’ ist a pd xe. ee See Ft —— eT snare ER], | ! =) ye ze PR = os 'C%R) eee NY 2, Oe mat S+= V PRE rail ( | yO COO8CCCRCOOECCECEODGG000000000BD Five voltage “ALvass aytuctOr flaws the cial Fhown 7 e. e ‘* % a eo Find cri grement 7a ek wwe , gen vollage & cumend- , yd 20 a tt) = stat eH Ls oa No VRE Oo = ve ie Be YOu = 100 = ye : ott avr = > ye Ve Volt 1 7) nae = = Ue : sti wo = orstn(t+ 20) ve . ” Ted= Bat (21460) usa? 2. By ult above pid a eee ci paste to destqn the Nia’ “35 ance Frey F volrage ge, cue i ; fate Oe eT vet)= 108i paid Acti Power He seoceeaprsc (Hs wpuchg Hare Ey hire cateulating the Power we have to concentaiate on equal Frew!” 24 warmonfe volraqe =O/ BA Garmonfe Cumenh=0 9) gral hart Power =O" wr [482 pevietp » gone -g Line) ® eu + por yon oe nei ee = J voltage wre tO (om? “OMe on oO -2 © OE = 1@SwW co = og sy, e 8) ilar elaretaraievacelale otecelata istece sce oo c7olatetotelatcieletemoe i re movig) & ° aps antes 7 ye" ie ang o |e |e write VL? v fe logge by 80° 7 f oc co Are? BE... on aw y when, ane oe” ¢ nite rece a “ei oer final meter goad eREOF the ciel We Shown: vytt)= vouin! wth tvs Smt ov Vit tO eusen y IY fom equal Fres'' ep se applicable ony a et ae gael we nave to ee tupea pact tion 8 different Frey" vy atone | UE gle aye (Ran =e ewe wile = ae oo When the a fued IW bawtng multiple fre" a [epee] = fear Pe CESK when difinfrens Gxt he pr can be_getting ont} A the poe TPifangles Nor dnpeden ce rfang le - “from, B= ec FR Coe “S Z we . mow y= veave VET UE io spec OU » ose. . Pas i | | | | | | | | | | | 4 jOceceseeecovesvcevevscocac000® ain WECH chan Powe dRPPAhON Fe STOW’ Find phate — afsplacement” jel foae’ Source vollage &¢ Leurce Curtent ? a) 1 oe ew kqiven say dogo Vs nudes abv a ame w c pate 3 = [J (rae alt 1 a DONO — ere r) PARE aze ei = IU) ' ‘. p= a8 Ca C= + aree ey -y8 2 yu eee MT EO A ave having AN€- 7 a PE angle loot note aiwaye ampedence angie 4 mageitce | wt oppectt <4” “ Lc seafet circuit + a aa ae AME feb cps see 7 “cores et KVR Ay ALY RR. Vv BY RL 4 ve verge wee? Vie — ree reap eet DIK ZERO ve ve ¥ vere RX = ample woe G 6= wil( 2) z x, = 2 xX ol c ze 0 PCO q e= nC ue) > © 390 ee9o0000d09 poeeva@a#eoeocoooooonocoaoaocdoO oer o SHA) = Qe Re ge in PR=P gut here : a 5= ¥ p+ (Ge Yor o = yan! G8), ., OM Efed wlleHe crocs capacttor ] ae De thown 7 iy none. $ rebates ©2076 4759 ° i eee oe @ or ‘“ ISV sol o = Sage we TS eo r = 12¥ is R = : | - Ve : : Vay é 20Y le AsSUM VERVE a heley | ie wwe av 9) vend e € 2 her . whichore le proroshe. Wenchta mea Owe ae Kom TM ao PoCetL IS le nye £9 vere eater THANE ONG le MAG Tr = Be occurs: yet |@ ae] we |@ 2-4 Vow |e era = Paralie) RL cist| vy = V6AVBL aye V4 | i) = VB oe 80 v9 es ql i Term fF ine vo tage ub cAdmitance rriang®* wae’ 4 NY v6. a e | & vy 2% Ye Vere Se Y Pager O= vas! (8) eras! (SE g=ra8'C %) = Hee $o | U1) Bee rence (pores fox pe aMcaye volt a]e gine aepereret) Re paret_ cfu a - . L Ie Se Te 6 v & « vo ig Rez Igt Ie a 4 a G (ae Ve vy sh ze = Vote ae xe (TEE ya") : aN = Y= GriBe = Tan! ( ©) 4 _——— lowovov5W@ececoeoccooeoo000qg90 0000009090000 039 0958coec@aeeceeeceoececeeneeoeosns0000000€c RLC_paratiel circuit re Te eure x | \ pet i ei) —s Vv v 190 + Te LO Tz TWO+ Hh R' 7 VIL Ye VEL Hy z a Xt Leet vB oan ene: weer i + a BeBe o 4 yet G4 (eed te ¥ YF (eh) 1 Bc BL) oe ras! (4) 6 = tas! ¢ se =) eset oY Jones = QR SP Bee ee veo'( t=) = o& cameos 2? op ranch! 44 ey Pe dina order Vv L Cc we a BOE eRe ME i gine] = “iS et = Jee 2s (Arey (RIS) REEL Bi io wer Mewgo IM 2 G> BreNOW T= otra x ete) = hy | vy & +5 xe, -_ ioe = 2 = &- a Oar = &. at HOW ge DAT ae | vy = veMiAv Ye wi. | ~ fom faesllel CE" aly=Yitkn - Tiny #68) Y= Carey HILBEO ae Gea ls @® Find arr aanes gi BE Vir Teo? Teel v . a = eK et ara ge YFG == ge i ar wi ey Pree kel not contefied | Ac > eet, WVL *? eens sum pe Ke wl 7? WAac@ecee5eoeoececooocaonoeasvaeso00000000000 000 a‘ ici . aie Ftoel the value Of Yc’ when the Re ep the cer fe 0%6 Koa i gor branch We Bi Yee sh | ic a etoisd g SL = 2 L t a Rane It | Se Ran It! \ E Yo= iRe Vis GSE = toh = fee = §we a ser ae = Y, Kase %) = ; =0 ener 2 = ie Veal VO (e-3 Mp (a0) He = ce B.. To ately the Jy PF conatbion'y BE d i sokicty MIS ot ee sor enn df Whe. giver pauer ee ork dead~) THe? yo have tp tare Lee 2 % “qin the value of ¥ et the cur Shoo 7 on 2 oe @xn Ose © 56 O60 @ v (acapit> (30- 5) ae tee C80ti) I Tea eceoeeeeecoaoecgoocooonescooooo0gc0ocoonon ¥ x in " woe ee oe tSea apace) ngs = Cv RAO) )x5 ei ants Yac= | 136-509 = s5pfa's) Vac= V= Vag t¥B8t = 5 smal ) 4 some'(2) -& cee (¥ Locus pfagsiam ¢— 7 Vv ~ ke Fee, Analysis alec gong of- he CK ES: x 5 proitki cal Aepiiausson fon one FIRB * jadi | 7 doc eerfomanee of mite, AUD We Ae | ae NE” pe drawn by xaeck4 ar — wus dq can ee a tayng ba one of the ele AN the elements aire. Constant & Feo" wen op me cE ae f eoe ane wtePul F051 poalyse & dectgny 1) eattere ion motor Ccircle diagram) te) a) anduct 3) gynchepnoug machine Cerattation 4 Forer circ! ae path raced by Tesmtnal of the. cusiaent vechors Hr var et amy one y the CirculH Glemente oy by varying Frey ff camel ae "Qugrent_Jocys”” = afl for pe rectctive cl x=? a zt Weoceeeo @SCeosooeoscoooov0000990009000 eo0o000¢prOoOCCCCHHCCOHCOCOELHOOSEDO0R20000000005¢ xeon rn mi poe are eT xt safe 2h: pern'Ch a ‘atte atte ad > off RY z og 3 e009 120; yv ye oo 2509 = wromerer= ' centre = (fp! ) Nal + for the Came NW = constant ete earn % £0 * ee tonsran i. tocys tet] ay erementt condanh 6 An the Above Nhe bY Reeping ail Cie cunent Logs aller ream vaayid greys apo » same rape : % obtatued: the.0n* bevelope a cusaent locyt of the cer f° eaog eco} el a < re om VE we Gan oloeive hat, Diameter fe aire wont Constant gierent” * & ato nfamelet H the foitial Curent pevelope Current locus of Gt ete cor He Qe Ot as Go. we are racing mal & g Ag = a e=0 ; ir Tt Beyt SBE angie way mains the ehape of the currenlecut of Cfrcle * gm 46e i >) pre angle condanh " " Strhrline * Develofe , Cuabent lock. op 4) eS OF the eer chow: oe aa v ky & Xe = Qiifc 7, Le crs > XczO 3 2=8 - FO : gente : a eb, 2 xf =] aif 3 ab Set): & ror ( %) B ig als Boeeceeeeeeceoosooe2900099909009909997~ ‘ SGP aaat Foeas of _ pag cup xi? 2 5 ofT ood ce0'9 Ke=0 =) N20. T= 7a? 6 v en > J6cus of Ly : \ . joc Dye) oo cae ) gu ool 2, e ae Sere ue, | Ost j were i: ee Tat eB c sy am fo © 0" Par aa A va OF Ry aeC ® = Peary circuit” fon ~the Giver Curwent™ Joes hay + ced . ee ee $s Novof branches = 3+ } wrto vs Dy lead by 6'O BC MW: 4 v note-— “Decimder of- semfctte Andicle | Avttial cunent gq FE & dbtainef by constant” element * woanto v2 Sp lead 64 90 petign 2 ck for the giver iy ! feegs dam | cia ~) antifertinen 1 La! eto ir G alo npn y pian aoa ytcae $C ania) oe Cuurvent™ Sencennt aay YS i ay be plan % fe Mme \ — 4 e er Avduckor a | Re evartacle #2) =| "ampcircle tf dowd ' non coRneltor » ehpucrdt’ ! fo atts an arduuor’ wie renicivle can be ger omy : ' stor RO GI) RL combyrathn’ we never gel senfefrcle tor | Le combination’ i ¥ é notet™ or VY qcy fey admittance ayo aan chong admittance locus dam both are fo tre Cotten {ocup ancumeny toes oO 3 9 o o ° ° ° °o e ° °e e e e@ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e ° Same * volleges v a EF Garde: led cus pour © eat 4n Acts Vocuscbymn voltages rot Anctute * : ey by ve Ye"Draw the Cmpedence jocus dam of-fhe cir R Resonance WN ge vom octane OF Felt (houn * it Sata Tro Energia SERED. ge a ance + Base dor ston poraliel sore wan We oe resmeance ciel sx ro StU he DeHeation #° rare Wiehe 2% The. roast AL wala’ AEXC fecaned —— vsve aXe dKe. ce a ae Bis £ ee 5 [ie= anne) * z 2 ogg pe malece * a TR! fon Cccurance of thy are equi AN the for OF mg tic Feld 4 he for of- are paegent at Raegent “in tke. gyre The ort .fe gafl to be carmen & fnphage saith ourte voltaqe * nthe, eres at whith m=Ke feo call Eeaueney” capacitor ft called aig 2 Reconance iM any an RUC eke Aoductor TE having energy current % tacen ait feferente- —tycter Tio éneig eA & havh ary ectrit Fela) » when tnege iad nog i@t siticular fey" wile verfaions Fre Mgeconaince” * resonance WheA _fource wed ag "Resonant DRoeoeoceee @CCCOKOOCCHOKCOSOSCXOD0090090000309o©eoceceee @®eeoooecoceooosnonoo00o0goc000000 she Retonainr -faecyt And fea the ion Ke Pate Ak whi qRmemaron Sane ur ahclor g caper re 46 Q 3 4+ VREv : Sy net geacttve volege=O G+ Yorrage across srdkctor 1) voltaye Sort capacttor cater AN Source vollagé * yee ‘phiroming fe called yf “vollage 5) ntfication” - 4+ Applications: — ty an the clerigning of acs arnes * Ss yy fate: (GPF qe@Re we we fesonant PPE 3) Tuntw cTaicuyts fee 7 [cation) + 4) Anduction heal ac a1eeteeal AP “pysitol® wwllage- anaes: eesti? of wollage annie a F see aqducle west TE * vy ver De +20 =O empl eC my yee Eke ne fire ay Uy Ree amc ord a Vee SK 2500 J ‘fed Jem, “9 : an onerworde at Feo) ence CWE an one ent rar Ourgeron oes ak pericular” aintian” ye ef ants eb oe rel Jy 1 2dh (on) (sos) ait ako uo “east ge Domina eo] ances? arent FS ye axe en aeons Xe * sof sit + alt xcbb 7 ve ee rell jae goer woop) 3 Wy + velVe = Pte Pom this - avi vitae { v Yas) stare OV = ie, Vesti gen oy! eirage om = Vise Cregg) eee er Bo tee at ting. regennot Frew “he Fre ab ohigh % man ,(ire Fc) Now for qe aan : aw ial Now Vee xe a xelyrxe| = xcept ‘an z= O/T=0 Ae = Sf PT XL xen re| dealt ony (ions ont wf Pott af SP UT xe Z=RATUKY) fT fW ow] for erty fute vp Srxe 2 ve oh Vr Xo 8 Ye ys —— : VR COOL dee)” NOD ciepfertnftate 420 crirh 19 < equal to 2/0 poe gel POCCHOHSCOSOSCHOCKOOCOCOOCZODZODBD900000RZ00000N00VOoeeeeseeescvueooocseosveovoaoo0ng0zn000000 00% “Definations— Gualtty factor tf the sao oP _pertimum energy stored fn the efacuit to Power desippation fea fea ba Cycle et tP+ tar ea | seers Fn sinh © ul sinsinst Pe C- So cont) 1 ys dfrede | le. z,sinistd y= Uh 2 cist Le ye Catto ab fimstnotdh wpe & Um SE gupcoret | yw s ~ Ty car © ee — 6 bn rite then 2 SMe OT Te a oY aids fnew ger reer “p » sone a vohere. 3 we MireUnder netenak “cet i Mites gace ww ” ve) DV a 3 ao fk | Rowerdippation ¢x2p =P) E oo Gey Y., ® = thar means basen Quadity Fact O he fOwel jascet will be chanGee-4 O Band width ae Fen Oto obgp g. * when the Cuave fe caawn ly Cusaenr @ Faequency =then we Cusve if called ag "geconanve Caudl * Bandwidth to the oa of “Faequenctex on efthest cide Of the gesonant Faequenct where she cusent falg Fem) matimim yailue to Yat ch Of the mann ary, veura sand te given bi a ven foe upper Cutolf Fee" 4y = loder cutoff ren" D> corveponig 49 fo > SEEM eee ge a a | "R Csince LL by & A a xfey ana ering) 3) corresprsto fo > pp coro! oe Yo tate z= REK roxe LE DneL DXO™ ope” ze Vranr =F | nee 3 ge COA Pe om le ve. * x= : ie oxo. pc tai Xt j l een... ‘s) uh) 2 2F Rx ae = ras CH) ve OF TA" ex Smpeclence arg — Aceceeeseeeocoocoeocoooaooo00n0ngco090Coeoeeeeeeeoeecocgeeoeeeoocas90000905 7) f> ve = ys 2s = P Prange = 18 2) ‘ X 7 itive pee corcus= fe (ag) site MEK acne. & Athos note :- , ae lente angle qy perangle bok ae having kpudll "pias Arifec| magntade. with oppocit tig z= Rede nies at Ryo tus Ampedence argie O=" (2 peangie caso= coc(tts) = Ie 09) fives anductiv Note ;— —-Preauency comgstins > Betas a 2 wecoranl Hep 9 err zlecd Fiequency s Yvetonant > ct five. ret foro nae > gee & Ped 3) conespords to 1 Ker XL : Neh eat xXo-XUY= RK mek 30 Loye- contesponrk tof) —> x >Ke 7 KTR we my Yo = & ©, =e Bor w,L- te & wy som ede ein & ee ee we = We = Te 8 os wet yy epee“ harmeayt = do. ony BY knowing the ciel efemen! 4 41 @ 9 Adel! OHU© ztar 8) eta“) tL) ECan 8 wae) auf eon wile ar _ ty Gece t LO] = 2k wy) = < , fad pee Afi ae Ale Az Q= a et cackoy. can be define énly U9 me 5 fofi= emg fo Fis rt far fo = Bam. 0 oO ° ° ° id we can -findoul the Bw - der ne retenanktonl'® Q@= a 7h fear eo = os [ene] ay ea ; ; covsspondt (fo —9 D=Tman pete " 6" fiefs 3 £= nan om [gh pe mee = 4 [P= oF 4) fi" when compared tO nesiqmda al curofh Frege hale + power became aoeoeseeeeeccoccocoec0000005%SO he cuberf trey are called ae " Half power faeqauent is. Cs a a ete Ma | By vl . a a ya)= & eb reaped ah Ws cave £0" r4perentiare the & . a avi = Ral qeaitl w+ afrery) Wad —— HE Oo rit Bat aes o eae | yg wed) = S008)+ outst ag. 4 7=0 - 1 wrt or)! | we iets d wy oo = tS) i a = | aa L. ctF Sh) a ‘ (Sa), ! ae ts © wath, Volt! c We compare nee el ae 2 2apon S* 10 es ga este a te juan te os (= he] h > 2 HE . — | wore fo whe (9) Find Nero eal & ) fo owe Ye Ele = aastt 3 ewe _R = 0s = 1 3) WwW a 8 dr O6SCSCC8BHGA2COKGCHOHGHAH8GA8G2H00000900050 (BA = fo 2 ff = hae(itpyp= uta = (Bef) Ftfo = (apt * var fs = oli gh aa Pthe = Gane ~ ? a firhe = = ‘ete — : fies 1? He 3 3 a o °o o o 8 o See ° ° Qo : o re ® nd voltage pee: coil of he cer Shon Z Sleconance oe wri vo 7 aoe srt Gat e a solr ° a ° a 2 ¢ Zt e Swe 4 one Pet Me erosscoi® Vee 10 sai aM Coo) “oe Ve=V ane Rak yoo vps i k ; DiR= eee ¥ ve rage acess eo coil = ery e y Deyn i = ° = 2 yoy e v= = | rad jee = a ete Ee G wer Nol ° ye a ixtet : : @ 3 9 {SOCCOCSCCHOCOCOHCCOSHGHOXGOOHH9209000500 ib Paailel Resonance ¢— ie +e Gyr: t= det 4 me cattery pet! avai + sya he Ogle sit ols J ro fakitfy Deft ae = LH nfm Eke 4 XL ofn=%| « »|Be au me (Ke) ra |e “fo = Awe} ** ys G4 iC 678 1: Gee ts comespandin} to Povaniet eet : a YES > Ynin= 4 ‘ nen FF neactive Cusaenl oe flowing AnYough -anductor (Ol) Current flowing yprough capadtor & qearer shan TOL Current + Thke areeeroe € called ag "ouneot rgagntgication ’ 8 pamarel Reson” Cet~ fe 60 cated as AnH Reconembokt (emce mu eels are WEUY Proprtow! to seresies) & : of 2 ae ££ equal to Fer zyO Q: Paraler Ctomance cer ic alo cali€d ar’ Refeckorcth”: lo serfec Rotonance cet && cuted at Acceptor okt”: Case cit)! ot F oA= Ty card! | es Ae HLH oe = HC0te> : op =cD= TthOr 4H 5,061 ander Kesonance Cond nek eject Current” #0 ui i v —___>—_ 2 Be r™ §Cot oe SB Ye under neconance epndi tion oral Gaver é pe g=v[ Gat Cae gy +i€sc*y) uncer ceg"cond Tea 7 @ : e©coeeonceoecoovoooovoea oe0o0009g999N0 090599 mooceee > 00000 OOCO8CE8LH8L2H0H8T90000900 ae g Ke COIN =z) ging = BL + Ri cae A Ly outs By eMOWING Onl circuik elements weean Findbut the AI" under nesrance cond iO" A———>V Te TkOKOK. 1 ~ | conlimoye ver under ses Gand 2 sinOt X= MV sindt | xe Zye xLke 2 = VRURE = (ee fo = ¥% 2\ \%e Fi a tre vane cnt id L4 © ncferma Hor of Enemy tA res THY Ampelence. eae occu JQ ecintalB natu! oe joxnarte “pynamic ence” a Le ae aMfel) Cc Leen a ee VEO |p thie i the meronence FrED" conespondtag ¥© jank CFE * auternal ther heaven Tone eth Ha Fost rena cet ence 00 Fextttarce. x cottider tec orvesponding to adel TaN ony Lec are precent ve Re0! L oe ee Cs te i = % corte tfendi Nod py RBC oe | ae ht 4p tdea) fo a rank eke * ~ “ence hw@-Factons— nan crt Q= hp Le tor)Ve 5 Seavey re-tor yen eae! +e a vg gro" 4 +e caseciy! - ase : oF qe = fe or [RE G nck fe ie ge ees a: . CR aetveconprgairol, a Q= Be a she st) eat we XL eo -Ie = Be 7R = pegs cjg) am e | a= Hot fo =R LBL | Qe a G oe] a parallel geronane cot fe a Cuwent” Mag oF tag cer Gi=£e) of = gel & aa) 9 ae = (ex, ce xe eb a a epi Comer of Green” 2 2 - a © 8 as = nino a x under fae a volt. Vey ve active Compr c) ROoeoeeeeveecoveonoveoeoe00000099090599N9N950 006eoee000000 ° coocoa@eeeoeoeoeoeoeooged | 000 oo¢ oO < fon cace() ore par Generar! eapaeccfon eo Po*] [e= a Wl 2 Me = ear qr er UO) OL Lame", to: fos Tank CLF oot co der resonance ra” ve ro at eye retull” wopposre ‘gre amgortant * eweh Borda Fi BLE se = ante aay ate smote" a 6. 7S ae capaci hve atductive 7 uct (09 PE eee At tigh 4@ i — BL CBC narareBy Ket i mek Jide eg pigtenental@ orto E | a dp ae ( edi ing to ner cn the PY t +% pe a Ree gaditoRe 2 Ie ne te Je RH = Yee Aye —_—" s\yro gorteg wean est *) +R OTe - WwW S> 35-101 NOW da rgupst on =O 1 7 Pan = =o [me ie Re A> “are nod “6 rarer’ Of CE elements fven fy = be 9 [R™ 2@ fon @ Find “fo foot the ctr ghon} une nt cla ; we TO Find negank Feu for amy Combinatian of the Nf) Ggind ean Ampecence ; ci) esate Anaqindry Pare OF the Ampedence to 300 zz 90%) zo SSL aac) = SC 497%) 2g =" —Sro, eb 2 Eke, Hd DPOSsecvo@aoeoeaoeoooe eooeagneoocoeosqgnuqgsqnq0 9°99 090C= geye 22 2 SHE ze mq (Rex) =O © ard 26 qpinect shown) . Ort ‘ * et So" Rey easy + (5114 Iecaiattaes (pe bee oe = on) + ( LX Jor L [- xt io ow amg (ex) 0 = Stow) + chy onus = = ito) ie $5) rasiaee. — p09) , ores =) ofw—orl 1 =O = ap tie age |—10 = 0 Beeadpe) ioyatt i di pind we wel aves owner = Eovias) Oe) 4 ioe Ly adent Tae rc a) tee vu 8 = Jeows)~ Lewes) ee ©000000000000090030¢ 4 i »—t ae exo @©* = | c ys > oat ce 5 Tt = Sons twel) — jot | goo aoe BNE ar OF wel | . Auntie ° f ate, |9 | oe | e ;e ° see He FF 1,@ ~* parared eve cat Ne cope 7 BM= HE vel | » ettective resistance of- the 9 \2 s BN = Ze vod |zee ie Zach = gee ° je 2 2 ' rnd = Qegiy eo Mie ex ® |© 1 . \ a. * when al ag ? i af =» @! sok -— - 3 Lo & a 7 OF ist Ain the PlIm at 7 only RH presen fn any branth sto = yl we yde Lh Fsrmul* fh 7 Se R uate for Ra WE use 2Pfrroula mtr” acefs gf ARTO AL —_ er nedet then Nodal Aney tes ranen ever Nw having MOPIe np tof- rare’ ane a Total exis df te ajo fe baM ; | more meshet then mesh ANALYSE, 4 vequited moreresh g | ° weetnt * =) more complet win fos, “Analy.tis of darge pfwA the nodaabdyort aiepout since. complertt * echniques we can reduce the a ucts come. cpectal Te " Comptes of cateuvations® anerentals q rotor Theomenes mae the! large yw nto & afigle Nf see voltage Source try serned with recigtance Like wie Noatone alto ' mmechAnalyya Tt — when the NiW f haviug G9 SeawPXG mone NOtdf- Nodes ¢ mechet the ate PORE fh any one OF the bxanehes cay be eat obtained by ug ReOrEMs + 5 3 0 0 ° ° o o ° oe ° ° ° ° o ° ° ° ° e ° @ ° ‘@ ° ° e e e e e e °Supes past HOM THeOHEM + ain Shy \near bioltrecional cto having mote hanoe Independent” cusce the secponse in any one of the. brandet FS equal bo the algebraic cum of secponse caused bY Andividual urcex , While the aeth of ihe force! are MPIC bY i internal exichancec- © -tird the value of £ by acteg uperpasition sTheoven« = a = ot bebe 8 é ores ayaie erry ecoeeeeeveeceoeoooeoeooooascoagngsqg9gco NNO | | | | ~Fuperpesttion ene Fe cepicwed , | #t hacthorE open cfrens 4 | = Zv chi “And tr ematnk | Sy tame_au the arigtnat ca | i Apes ie yoo + vrs) 24 0 : evi 1 1 = hater ee, : Jae y= ny Qi vet OTM | oir & wer vals ! . " ea a Bye MAM 3 wie gorrs ~~ whith 1 VE oimce fate I | = &fa- ae =hy Fier ae \ Sey ate fa gecondryio h@ a a ap the. ck thon Epwer altcippation dos 4 the 1 sein FE S76WIswhEN : OM volragetouse acting, OMe” Ey i H zea, Fewer dlétfppatton Th me La metister oO 9 ° ° of [7 LW when cuned source lin ae 8 aime + Find Total Powerditippation © ° o ° ° 00% Mm the tn setittor ? reap . Pe. EI Cam not be uted ff the en oF foner Bowe Rar g fe Nonlinear “3 genestal Expeettion #4 ee Pe eaeel),: 2 jhe Guce votagefocaementel by 10 ys foules~ tn he ae eseetor? __ fend waataltion of “he @ 041 @ Ht OxF Ne ance ~All “the @rementt Aare RI rea at caettation sn ae Py ¥ Ps ge ah wa 7 are = (u! - I he cnet by fae Framed 5 A % @ Pall © 5 Qu 2 Ue, For se a \ coeaeaeua ceeseeaeoecogceaoegqgdndo190 NOE: ithen “the nw E having [inear bidtreckionay flemente bared on Oo he. Homogpentty Parineiple ap exctation FE mulleply with Contant! O — resporge op cach element ayo multiply «it constant tH’ °@ “Find ~he value of- ‘I’ when W= -I5V g Ya=lOV * —— val Vo x a a wresy 4 f= an | HOS nota {~ i Peexperset ering] 5 VS & B 3 ‘< a 1 3 Zz ¥ Ys wv ¢ B= 3A, ) yohen Wy=lov 2 © eT waged on SPT Ns joH5 = 25.4 pe rit! store 2 peveinye MRR COeceeeeeecocoeococoosaogogvoo0n0gdono0n0dso J‘ A tineay ( Ry pralfyection® ‘ener (4 y a Bon teat . ja 2s Ke freutt AN Any \fnear bf dtrectfonal © it a Sone Number ¢ Pauctve sleroenyy at can be replaced ey smugle eee Cfreult- Consesting of eeyutvalent” voltaq} i) rex with eyuivalent Eource. (Vy) msesitee 7 yecfcrance. (Rin)* a | Zoe wr, 7 of wig spevent'6 sheorem) gu fad Go ; ! for dy ae =th | . ie pg= ll 1 s 1 ye IBas e=0 7B tem © 8O Gv — GMT SH=O ons “ho 2) avy -6V\70 7 ® = Na | Bye ev | ayrgn 3 =O wae Ly 3%_= to 2) ast Now viotuat KVL for jan OP A m gf =) 4 w +4, =0 D Min = SOY blz] to Mh > Mh i °Q > @eeeeoeoeoocaoooooogoeecogogooo00qgqg0 950090 00c Aotee-miseeoendt the load miesKeror” find openckt voltage artace “Aine lead Term egy rec&anre * peactfvare all the independent Aaucel 5 Find id . x om pe 5a rwhen FEE charger clafveg 2] Guyer 6 alae aa a 41n & nhen the -came battery charger § uted to charging of Adeal BA RV battery al- FA gate . Find — Vin GR? lepretented as Thevininit ter solr oi patteny charge ff . | Me 25 30”? ven 2 7D) Rint! Yn ww Mist Rt >= 0 . #om O&® vy = 129% ays NO1VU © Siesta A 19 7 gn J Find Yp hyp, WTO 46/87 fe independent Sauace * gurinthe 9rven Rth Heste Yih Cth there f 70 Andeperdent™Ouace £0 44° ci ———] my onder ource. & aeplaced Bf Bie Finding tn 6 yhe above cet Ap either treut Sort che . darlin aS ate dnd remains same A the nssum voltage -buric= om current founce bha A&B ratte ay mpi woud, gg eaeck 8 Qnrent fbusK® woth LA wat A = ee = WB + Ripe 8 vA th "BB tg IA ~ cl Y Nodal Averys > u=st a%=! —@ bot t= 1A a b yorage. crass Ys = (4 O> wi Hf el ve ur eye bev 8 2) zethevening syne * =itoA Mt3 4M ello =) yzl20 cs = WaD = ve RINE TIpo 7 eewt 8 . ‘i un Ma’ When Ever «fo vt profeot¥onaly since the Nw fe Unear”/ eae - aatio & Constant * 8WBE pte $— Feat Pwhenevey clement ave comected| | ra 4n paralle) Cturrat_gurce £ | fi taken chee calcujation B az uF | Simple: an mhenevest 1 heres Fle dl voltage Soure 1 os - : wae '- wae can Tare any cource Ufa) Se iat Mog, *%6' bub inal 4 7 ! Bh constant shen ci ae : a =3t =] -9 30 satya Mo 20 M 4M ‘6s FromOGO 9M = Mr . abe fe cote mH > i = aa & @® rind Fence voltage wato AGS a wR ‘ fi O3 es L 6 KeL. Nok Satiepital: 8 0 oO o 0 Oo o o oe a oe ° 9g e @ @ 8 3 e o Q e eo @ e e @ e @ @ e °NOES— An the ve ako Te nia ft & Not poccfbie find open céncu ir foie +o cut | 1 “yatta =) fe sth po@ ne ee ee po 1° Ftd Yn Ri Werte 4682 I oO | 0 ;° wy cS My tw =O ° cs : | ” . cig = SYAB ;° for miyevae vic Mi oO Q) > 4Vpe, 754 VAR Yap =O ae 0 ee ee : LVAR uvagtans= 5 ° \Ovap,= 2 ° “ame ve o oe ° 2 im) . sheverin’ San cet 4 te 7 4 A aie ° oan oat Sore eo WC batt ce ay a a Ain 8th a at . - ai “eee? sat ee is oa voltage. Sue. 3YAB | eo : Ona ? eo 9° ao - Vag = 200 ° oS = 200m eosNORTONI6 “THEOREM QO n 7 ap any (énear bfdfaectfonal 7 A s foreutt: arta. mone NOLof ACEIVE f [real 4 ial passtve semi + At eqn be neplaced bf breed i 2 -otogie eqmickt™_ Constet’g of ay cunsent— 8 times, © —pacice (Ty) fo paraiel with ex recite nontineas. > (Ru) * ao * ° aa Cusarent 49 #€ LO retigor Bun, ° wstag Nos) e 2 ne ae Theosem 4 g °o pc Ss ° A 8 ay S ce: AC = = e e = a YW aYrvn eee 2 e a ey ° ees - a." = 1 va = a Yea B =O 6 oy neduction rece e WHA (o9) lle) + es of © baer 5 Bgl. 5 Ta ly 3 8 1e wel 7 °e NOE Replace the foal recfiston Pf cheat CEE & ier : Cunsnent * an 7 age%as ¢ eur af cea * . 6 =,» =K th Anse 2 e que 613 = S : OT : ° e PB 3From) 2 Bey (4-4 a 6 But wen4 1 Btn a to 8 ie 6 ae” Cher | De ve Nob sattsp eel: lov é yedundaer oeeeeeyscageeeeosesasciaagoneNEE! aan the above nw fh Ef net prwctble te Ftnd “thea cet Cumtent, stnce tt % net” tobit PiE& KVL: D) ind ye G Ke porto AG B* ear sol Le = 3A 2S = Sor Voc= 9 Y ° a ENS, * gn TT Ga An = > Se “es . vy exOaen = _ sd . = % 76. e t= Mh eo vy Ve e as MM U qe ef cxeftatton we ante abe’ Nw Brel anlea changin] 72° pence Tver jhe mati. op- nespoye 40 excition A oy me Cafes Md] * Ma catishy re eEiPaoCEE: ° o® veatty heats speowian of. the cxr Shon e Sr =2 6A e ony | = 6x6 . Tee OA . = 4, | e ev 6A Response = Z \ “exaraton ° : ° % | - WV exctakio” 2 eh\ @ Nentty feetaadls: teen’) of the ckr teen I flr ke 6At an ad ba exh, y 3 a = £4 eA 0 au: ; o Ngs.- o fox fist po) a a Rew” = 1 + mbo 0 exer 7 for second Pisin Ay te = Lo 7 oe : W < cor i 7 : 3 ° . i we ca % maqe SS [unile (em feey Cou TNO cue “4 4 eng apphy, the Reefproclry theorem AY) me EO two Ueages RECN He not applicctble 9 | pie fo excitation? (#70 APY tne Recipaocity Then” unftr oF Recporse Q shoud be efihea Mo Gi) ohms « a ® wbile applying Reciproctty theonen cer -thouid concttlA Of @ onl one. Andependent” coune~ e x when “He nies EC having ang .clepenclent ~@uarced Rectprocity @ . qreoem can mt be applied + e when “frven NI oticgy the gectpaoety find the value f- @ £4 SK pecoring to Rectprocity thea@” bicttation f& conctant™ £0 ert dt ; EB e 3 4 wooeeceeeseocousA Lahern Given i Lou-fffay the Reciprce ity 26 ee o 2 Prot | [how ‘Finda 9 2 7 foffonte = i exci Farin 3 cape @i- e <8 °o : _Ret ponte = 2! —— exctralion Bes ae oO 2 = = 6 6A ° cnesies g-is= rah. © Hy Wis & clone bY Supeat position ion thearer) . & Repos hy We 108 wen Given Nw want fig He Rect prutry #08 4? e se 2A 5, ° > eS Zov @ ee ag eindouleS ¢ sondanemt Me o> ipere woe are OG i. sestor's ey gectproctty rpeoreme' a er ge = 2 ° eee] e e e e s e e ° iePe oo 2st Ni saticte the Recipsroctty ro =60L ft {Te at rion _ + Ss lo ft tov» ReCponse FY ease FIOM osiighnal Nagas @nctteetion ra Rect proci ty Theorem nor alter “he. secovd NiO excel Koga to we oe tat = sf ar ‘Excttaho? “ince fr Fer the¢ qiven RectProc ity sweosem catstt ted « SMe gua : = oe by sical Gonnectiaas r ee oe ! Rye BH ah... = aes Rth SR @ Nores Here We ae we gor ec? proc? SRF Bp) shevertrlf bie : Le find othe value of oO 5 3 a 0 o o 0 o °o ° ° oO Qo e o e ° e °e e e e 8 ° e e@ e e e e e e eoMantroum [owes “Toxanifen Theorels) -— Hew then Gtven NIN Satéfres the Recpprocitg Find The a OF ag 2® iv eff) {ts 9 ° 9 o ° ° ° °o °o °o 9° ° ° le ares nan | ° pet RL. ne eh, SRL at . =hy, e- Hid es (tia) z te to Xe%0 + i) BO wonrto © 4 eA ie “ptf estenttale a R=K J [© [es=®4 X |e |9 Fman= ta fe | pea ;@ Foran = HERE. ie - | =o ;° sigictency Cp. = ~FF- 100 ° ‘ Re 4100 ;° @ th) | °e RL atov - e 26 Bees,coretpends_to_OA Poshon ~ Rooke exactly or R5SRL fe Contesponds to R.>Re Poop 4 >? wT: ws - &u, YF RoR oye Py 2? =l0 R= pa- an = Paxton 3 a Lm. eceg re SO Generay whfle cdestani any macttne we a ; as Rs all “ aime ce ee yf eof be hgh An the. xt Shown gr volalk taltre OF RL the Powes, deltvened fom eourte +0 Joad fk MAN hyo & ee | Ns Z RL Ns Gas peri 6s) +6118 | a = ake wawieng Vi Gretel © AN Mo apt 0 lead te mane! = at i , Orv _— ~ 4a © ov 20) > © 1s , @0v ‘ ‘ Be TA she “aad : ie x now Heat cht jgitl becemee o sew i ‘Repiated by COCHORVOOCSCHOOCOKOOBALORDDO00909099N000902D00€C= ke = 100-2 — fea max" Powel Tarank fer = oO 5 RMtocet ° ee eed lo Ret (Re) odel oO fs = t it T = TooHI00 © 10 A 6 +( Rea pag = 200 ( S048) oad sate ;? too <(R+50)200_ ==) faznoJ > @ixja00 9 [kebO 250+ ° sr ay o or re a = o oo en ae ‘a= Gt) i = ae [ro 7 ~ 7 Je o! i ° iT ae ta 2 are a i 20 z0'! ood fh gin © ° = J e Ae Bppy = OO ea e Is eee) 0c rome C 2 = Se we) zo tte cet shown for hate vole of R eB cet ce Pomerateltver FEA Cource to les ie Mae) Woe tf Ore ae o “xk qe se a e 2D Qe Not gf ' mn i aa oo asec te 7e. a © gx fon mann paar TOBE Rep toad Sieg e ~ jo Usa iB ao L* ay e “e “ip a@t Rests i oe og S@ uy woe Pie abo” Saas ! : vie ak wen delve ° From, che Ko ORNS I tan a aa oO is e Wie " 390 eoeoeoeeoecoaooeocooececooococoo oo oo0gg0s000So: a7 We *) when Yer Qny Element & connecked arrose 4deat vole —furee, theclement- doesnt et = AO =2°5Pr Bitedty «£0 pane oT Proctsce cv bifects ey 2 RED} 3D oe at. i = R=02BN- : = ae = “na Mantimum fuer sprancfes Went) s~ CAG 2th= at They %y Se ee ete é 7 4% a RIL CALF) +S (AM) fe ith Cate) + x Re PR =. 8 RG —— —A) (eaenPa Ory J case y— Rte ook ane yostable 5— ; Both PLE ML See vontaels qemeiel 10 20 A+ ertfeenttare evr wrote RL : 2: ptfferentiare ea weto XM & id dfn, fr " with wesult opt attgpn § et BE RRR BY eee enG al ,© COOCHHOLOHELHOHOOGOD0000900000006 vsteri evil) wort KL suse dB nies (©) cae toad _aupedence te only Rept - Ord i _ 8 > fe Cetin) + Xth Diffegentiake ev@ wrrte Re ca tcanbiay « eit & a geyeted to 261" pate note ("1° ae —_ = Rint5 (Xe) gyce mn enticeet ——— Colceich 9 24 => eoicer FE ms Ache, RR |g cip Weaer ee L no neach ve BH Wy : ter check tT a4 2 wr - Ws) fet, a equated to zero’ ed [Re Tare wegen 5 “ie rect ae |n2s07 © toCHpetl) —~ gia edi Zon | Lead ampedence nate = Both RUG KL are _veaiatse » but donel An raw!) = enctars ence angle F< conataint « 7H fee ee = noe me asin & - me RL Reta) 0c" = ge 2 cxOe 6 i (HOE RYE (=utinbct Xin) 3 ae 7 tere ae omy aie) e_zemint arent“ to 20s pifferentiate eBx8) wanto = s epuated —90 eVpy HO. 4 Mik =0 eye 6tE Yeap | ene “2, 7 0 zatlt =) “the ee a —_" oy an aoeoee5eceeecooceoeooveooeoevonrogg0ggq09 0990C\\ < procedure. OF eleyRt fe Lame" activate + cae ol are An enfin aheoren HO andpreckly Wee otha meas An 4 eriaria Concent are on Thevert/t a 3S So oO Oo o oO o o o °o o °o o 8 o 8 e eo eo e eo e So eo e e eo e e e ° eo °AQ UO a 3 7 3 WoL om a we e 8 ° * toc 8 me 4 Ht Current sour cel » al = Rin > DEAE oa eewentourcel” pe ry = RitRt 7 TRy d wy. OE atv : Sage Dee = Oe Ah Hi ees AEN Voc= Tie + Beet) —— ea Hn : etd Rot a . RtRot Rt" tore 3 is] Q 9 8 o e eo oe e e o o e e eo e °e e e e e e e e e e e e ° ttn) te conneted toad 76 7 power aft oF N When 5) compiet Nw nthe. Rectstor i “p’_watte : [x an when “Tio cents complica Ning of N" Gre comertel 10 ine Jeael siecn %nd N Poweraton In He toad ears @ ep Ox © vee ’ in qpereninl Kot) rte ite by o \3~ Any complex nf? Can be waite eo | “ad by werey, Tevet ~ & oH. & byt RL 2 Mh, R 20 pete tial LoO Oo fF a 48 o WG [ : = MM, a ° a wO © G By using mfimays ThEeaserr) o vis Vp+ a we (4) a ‘ BB BU oo. eas ‘ tin FL baa : deta: "2 o V® Fy RA ° | = t= Sh = ath, _ PRL BTR o 2 e ps PR (2% je 2 7 . itl © #48» ornen am et comparing DG BO 7 Len FIO 0 a em ° ” ger an Bh ev BED, fo igh BDH °e ro OT © 127 i md £? pind +6 e ° ae oO +X) : e @ ee r+ (+l 9 An an) ey = : 7 or oils e “a els argent rae. e o7 7 ’ EY e Te\ Telegené Theorem 2— e Feleqenit heoren OF stares. that” aiqeorate 0 of ,* Foners ™m Ay Cfarcutt AT ang indant Keyl 40 eyo" in C tinea, Nonttneat, untafiedtonal, brctvedkronal rime vartent & \ oe time spvartent ajementé) ° ° wa SON for eniegenys EO") i i© veatéy eneqenk Therrem 4. A m « een - Dye 8 aye L oe = been FR Bene 333-4 - ee Sgn=_ an ; 5 = law (abc) © he ir +S (aust) Gettver= 36 Fone (6) 00> ON cate) Rautore = S64 Bor OE 7 caeheg -Hente “Tenegens Waren % Poy = CMS = Yael Kee ev" NOTE:— fom veafpreation of- the Tene gens heater) KVL 2 ya are used: oe pees Toney shecrten worty bested 9 “Fhe Parnciple of " Law CE Gnceavation of Aner" Compensation Thee # — rod ie mpdltfied OC 7 “deactive all 1 paz port gina. coat v ecoec@auaeaoeoocoooooogoeooecoaoo0oecoooscosa9Nc a= dete . QO ee =2-F + eae Change cused 2 rs day Hee fuso —] Gupensation a en) Jer zeardy winere @5) crresnpene ® az=ie | Tene cheek: o re (rar) ot go xet! eAatton clepene 0” Chang’ az=-h of ctompeal Fe =) + cztaxy) 2 os pee a , ACW “the compensation Emr Chreuateg the Geren’ 7 we sp < | RHE AE eh 18S yy FON ar be ca cfnce cackvad La @ 990 Find chenge fn ire in The Qn “aw > en 4 On serklna when Reritlance. ‘in the Warde bund E changed Fim 5tO 6n- © sir stepen; = on Corp! Garert” Cheutating tn tye. veTaTeble brand: J 1 p= J = BAL, ae gg 260 ey & Tynr 346 5 aay sree! — ind compensation EMF * ek a) 2 i e erst aI = sie)= @) (6S ON. ies enoditicd cfrawt” i tbe cot freon rees ite eer moctfted ckt ake a scare = oyrcible brah. + nlitie level rato ome inser gis 32 Rey connect ye Compens og a) Ars coy? Ge) te © e™” an eH) gn. ge & Dey aaa, ane Bs | _* = Sx oe ge are s i % & 2G. Ne tere) & opel * 6 = 6 =0'6) A Scag = 0616 = 08 te oA — ton TN the. rain Not detec! NOTE: 4 ~fhe berfalge Cracutte to | “=awonomerey cert “ihesren FE uged soneetepeceounseeetsses0gea2s22: - Oo iJ, qe Woes 2A pe eye «=—D ; RY a Hier A Esturor repeced bY &! vol lage det) 9 4 vice veal: by SH epncurenl Sue pnp i® 2 bertdge bedianee ' He : each cappettos tiny / apeguo AE iu fos qostiv \Q0DY we reute. Ww series ee sO mm we connec rio r4t | ee 908 Tate oS HH city aT idHH Incapacity ie | wise? &vzl6oY Ccocoe5eeenecoocvoooceoooeoo0e0090090 I=ur-F Qs : greut-4 ote 4 - jysn Bam A— c-@s] BY tye" Sand uye : Spee We 3 eouree gs 2h ak ya-ckh voltage aerate cet see OD Aww Mrhenouan mene PA TE to Find our Vir a ible * , oreeny 1 Toe way» je ial aes as ve) v8, “Gertentiarrce* T | af rnstres +6) art +) ag = aml § w ct vw Cl Foneso024) van Oe Me coco@#eeee@eoooncoaooecooooooooo90000000€c acor) e® 0 tons [mi] =a00 / Ike = 2O- a MEO, _ eaten to ve “MF @ 200 =20A, ye raraee oe Ve= IAC Ving a6 eg L90 = 209A eg lo a4 6077 o so) MEYO peher ri a ai Mee FZ wihen REQ DEE : : : ny Jet Me “4 Os va =0 ve + hp Sot So" Wyw= 5 My Qo. AD Ma Ve 5 2 0 0 / a o COCSOBSOSHSHOKOGOCOOGEOOOVODOVIDDZNDDIDOO VOCeoev00000000 900000000 9 a oe SAY av te7}2d fee @eSMlOOr em —G0 +108 FH =O =: : Le any Kive , 40 60 RHO-A.(OY7 ON. Coo BD so ¥ v=yov,.. solr : oe Ve : Ope oo =i, GED sheod bedDvts, DR) 2KFind Beis f owt |e 5A i i _ 420-20 =O, ee a eee 4 = =f ® MprZO Vaso thts We i, secs eee [iiss ; 0 tpn ce ‘pease *8 roy i TT so pheroe™ 4 “ RD some estar te wad = Boul . fin. the. 0ad. Le pantformention netponse % obtained 1 mipior rok 19 he intesmal sectetor , gy cay grt tte 3 oF ae Se yt 2 (gt) rare = 3 Mere ; o&) = cD hae sev e Mar OE ae le Ree £ Ugn2 0k, ¢ Gaz ON - is 9288 “tL prom Ato? ahen =impeclenceg. OF equal valugy fransfomned Pt Aimpedence decreaced oy times | @® med ea — ae". aye oe 3 ae Jiae 2 £ (9 (9 “ESE CCoCoeGGCoCeCCKCOOCCRVOCVHSOOI9OIVIDN OD SOO OO FOOVF oto apt so gabe vidal = 4543)! a toupt t sape qrepigoidal’ £0 4 = ype tote - sped O09 aS nee a3 Ic @ et o 2 wo ! 3s 18 2 oF | 9° /o gs 4 = U3 SH yy |e 7; = 3 ——N v ov J," 5 pe wrt) ~gon ‘vetives > vA pta ol" eI Vee ve ~0 y= ee -@ ve PRN v ect +¥e o® sf un aul lov vett) = 2 47h wep te Roz 18 is). =. iP yen RH +! - © nd) fee) Vos) = ves) sip aaa 67 J (ovo = V6) 1. Is} po po & 2 balance shen foe “ jr At TO e101 Gye 106 — Agi D386) ere te _ og (He age 1wn ea Bh s EW Ml X oy ——w Ts ®) Fk Ws ie E 7 | uuua Sy? B= 2 Y re ig HE & vay = Bley TF ia aRté = =v Yay = @x> exw Ry ae ‘ouicties te cond’ 0 uy, REWS iO OF eevee i © OTT ‘i Hee cos (ott ey ¢ eaC 4426) Y ye @® e,tt) ewe e s eeo0o0oo000000gCc eee of ° +30) a\r eye (COE ae = ato= goat (19 F600) a et) 4M =0 5 yrey ye + ey nente 29) ; a (cor 008 are @)+ q f. seus 24 [cat gore sree) sins) © = ja Lage) = = Qtas: aM 2 Hon theonten) By using super poste@ ae f SE ye Yun ee ves a00Y a 6x) ) = ne co 5st UT, = x ( ud) ; - pe (AHS OH) Sy % ¢, * a (Eris or): ¢5-B) = (HB) C549 = 34 CoG) = He =e eer BA som ae as f4f= fed wal sco |20¥ Seec@eeeevonvoocoveocooscoooogsoo09990 S990 099 00°“2 Sci) We ZI Tet ei = SS 2t=(eroh) be chor “6 yew 1 iey = Gh Te % e eee 6 wel Peay BM OOK “gaz Vey 8672022) (136) cose w= Not cot 65-00. 465, = See we COCKoCKCHBCHCOCHOOCCOVPOVPODFDOOINDVIDIDIO DOD OVE b od 190 — N64 = GS-06Ree vite = % cor +d cing © =a)" = 228 So 224 = a “go ye brandh Yeodurdent + Sase 3B0V BF Coven tinal plim we qo4or med-Anaiyst or oblalnivg wi I | e aveconps [ones aL | : vgCord en = ( V4COtd, pace = (% i by” ¢ it vaste. | = _fise xeatcoren) frsexe er cage) = (ee) 9 904 o® een | ST a arpa tea eee Ee Cake re Oe 5, = tl = tly. C0 bridge. brnnce Legere a Gries) : crements age 0 -» « 2H) conventional = Anaiy maeooeoseeoeoeooocvo0c0ogn0cvve0onnq0q0900000 0°99 09CB= BY He @ 4 CB le NTS CHO is Ee), | @ e:- jo sat i) A |e — Fro OHO we Vg = a= ()'8 a = (AYR B= (aye? ance Fie ie) + CS) iia = were - 346 = eee oe” = Pet ;@ | SDD pS aae nee —yaiel Jor toe are. AadePerdent \ e aad on — yalid ‘Statementé ANC: (8) [svie” we] * ® ey tm, bol CHA tygre sine att] + Ro E AR 2F e ‘1 same +5) > Rozgften 20 * “ro pitage. FeEnieweed (assists) CPt) ce a : 2) dae “Aug fe theng GS) fo compare ban Mls 49 ne Ces) Bop 3 aly Hae oD) Y ra, Bh Sh Peluia al t 8 2 L ‘ vgn. wg ee" yo, 4 wget + gol Heo C8) A = “hes (0% 5 opicler le ey vollod™ 4) Vy wo Say gost = 6st) laocoocoe eo°o ecoeeocoec0200000000 eoo0°0i vu oSf P= (eT ERG) . “ eatin Pain = ( FE V5 AE B= (fe + 50) foe CT . S : rare [Ere = aw oO eg al - - rover 19 of ° Yoc= ov Sane : oo pa aeeis JOO = We yoo Cee ee Be o : ove mars b | N) of we ae sey {i ) 7 r ey aa f. ope o ee aye OGD resrerat? Sie x gly : g 46 3 fo & ye DO e 6 7 a . waaay 6 Ste Qe) as oc oye are = Ne a pew ova ) eo a ‘oe Seer ae nee L 'S |2 5 : = 2] = “= fai ee ®ve cag tO e 38 ws paw = 18H et me Ge as = e e & wee? 4 gt rs te fe \ ps VOC * e os ae 1 94 = —po wracee fagbrie v = a avec.taiVom car) Geb See See yee 8 vat @ | Nw v=0 ant GEE” guy tg 70 eee oy 2° OL) ie o Del. =10 Wer og = 4 veh port 1oRa=¥ a)V%, Boeecoe@eaeoonvooogvovecoovoon0gv0on0ngn0qgnuq0009N9°9909590°99 990Lo ey ao Es =5V eo Ge Miwa | er “Gav Lye cRO ep SB c AHA 8 rel re eee ae ee 1a = Irage acrace CRO = Ve eo Ay i va wy KS ee 3B rere, o@ 2 Og.@ 4 GB rerejeys weer ° < ee ge) Angst g fe ty ° =x) -&O kt ° ° : Gasp) 8 ° ° 2 e e ° ) a 0/9" ; eachivarek 00 = as"g) 7 ane ooo a coi eee yon casyye*)) e 2 Rhine EPS Ago e e ° ° ° ° cal ¢ C35 ne est, 275 se yeas SV :Vv 5 tonto Re bench branche ° ins - i erent ee 5 9 sre pareuulel co TARecuneal” ey v : RL a Gurce with (A ‘ mw vy alt: o Va Me pV =] Va + Ye =I 9D i or a! ark ° (er) ap subst tener we Ue ofr « wo sre pin e % P a g g L \+ fe : { ay ney 2 \s o 99000000000 £em=V—-Vin ameiven dara = Vint Rt 90 aa ‘ : a apni co) T=0:2v-2 o® tC A @ ye : , © \ a Ty sh MAL? 7 = Yolo ge = atl I c Vv ye }3 fp ta = 34. " aa | a. MgO 4 ve g4=0 rR a va (= 4¥ > ee# a Coceoeeeeaooocoooedasd1|O 0 ° Tye ee ( as) ° Lo ;0 gers te o ged m@ = wo. ¢ yee) as 09) te (ar ( mr ° ie igo. 28 C 40-130) oe qe a4 100(38) ‘ ° bien i$ ia Gyn DEO °o y °o i “1 o- * Be vee? , ay a,2 rte moe : cw @in, we ger mE 3s, : e $10 > ‘Be {cet) (ereerfa)— ea}P a a7® ° Rs o a : whe WO) ee i BRL TRPS +ASRI + RZAL ie o =foommfe. Above calculation at conchsdeed sar teed & a® q a are eyuals Hence eventelp “eEre 2 2 paved: © eae ; ; = aR of anex P te= (@)* : * 5 a aes =. ae sey ae fg i lo’ zak. By 235 = ‘r (vest 8 —~ les YP Yascart esi Resishanee = IS oS PP yescack +139 urd fee ~ ve n0cdst svock —46) B= s 1 tend by Vib BBE" : Ut te ~ to REE REC: gs ed tooo ‘ nd : ='090-9- ox) Ke ar ee ol ° os i fo= yom HE ° rm ar °o ve Qoosin csoobt +52) ) ane a by a atgp® . 7 é T= Sin ( apror+ (e240) : e Ee Ate Q= fe iy ate e oe @ ae ge = i a \o" e vit) Faye = se : forateaGore, Fae 10S iggo : @ ~eunce Uh=® * a 44 git tre source it att Brm_a weet ye $ Zoy =O" ok = yr [see = 4 wei > yg 9Gan tre ck thom areal vaiue of 8) 3) Re CirCut ste sonant— (fos a) Prepuenctes * ta v A). Re | $e BL=Re : i XC. wos eee phe we = Cer RRC “et Ohad “RE tol S t__— . — = ehould befameé * ro sar ttfy BL=Be cof fonts oF 8 wl =RC a RES Me re em , uo ott af GE cae ~ [R= 4) ge Bu £0 a R=B= € E was GH” 2 Bok ache id -Starement ~ val Setfreconant ¢ passe ar hgh {rey > bub real time applicaoyw ey . rete yesttOX ltl o Cais reer aa nr Gy “theme wie j= fon the Anductor & paesent at nigh Fae & “se a possristtty | get eee resonance. A gh FEV" But te. reall Lime system anuctor B operated anor FEM" Clow +8): OOCCHCCCOCCOOOOOODAD000000905990090090% | A: sf w= _SEOSS AIO, _, cer uculation simple 9 Fav faite He yp for s 5S y ° YO) = Stas +22 9 so si °o Be= o . Oo a ay ind £9" anne jo 700- S require ang indy OW em ae HIS)= eyst 8 fh aang anckrect "| teaveghLC * Shace BF sone, 0 wate tin rane Tderies of Y 200 fo f= i (@r€ ptte ae we . ow or 20; @! ite ene oe ae i wa 40 p pee Te Oe 9 OF oe ye Bes Mek ao a. net * ae aoe 220 C2 Eee) coecee eee eOoeCnoooooOGIION fewae TRANSIENY, TR ee is go eee bs ° 7 Oo a; be ' Vv ¥ ae yt Vv \ & md R ae for HO: psp ,ts0 7° ie ce tot jh 3 p20, z=idilo gince at heh VLE ae fi epnensston = cso eg a.cnto The * SO he Inductor behaviour cha" cunrent Fanta : dizo dr eoooegoog0ocaoo onc Coc@eeeeaecocooeoeoonossaoc ecocoe @ooeoeoooocoseaogeo00000000 00090 kr = _ OO Les K=O tadtty we O 7 ve(S¢) capacitor behaviour t= 00> ves ; changes war" Fo Meri r7e 9d cmt i= Vero eS goer me a «_, sottias vel Oge teo7 vee rack a voltage souee) ezot, Verb Ver0 ~ Totat enehgy wil oarciente are present Tn “he when No & Gutfected to any charges etthea by changing Sour msagettude co) a carey] any clreatt elemeni& Provide Cireutt CONSE of anf eneryy storage elemen” srangenté ane parece fy the NIW vhernio & having an ementa “sree ‘tecinduetor clogs NOE allow uclen rg Andee tones energy 1 the foam Alo cudden) coevge of volte & alecrate Feld * nit no Transt t=O.) be chase oU%20 ? Nho a» spadtor alogs nol te storez Eneryy in the 4029 OF when Nw & havi ony sestettve gtemne precene WM the NII sine ~ i — yp Resistor along garden cunent a, sucdlenche oh voltage Q Rectetor et change om any enenqy” og norm crOre. be for operating Ammeddtatel'y owthch* tree wt =O" Andicatex a: teot — andicatye Amaedtaray’ -2iHer operating Sate B Leto © Aandicalgs steady steve couckition* ee dltscormedel arrespondivg to +20 el 1 eyo") ne" qo wie te caned seus reece R eet 2EP tet tdi oO (Rt Lat =o » Re i al = at f° wp + t =) Jeet 2 {at b - } “A as bi oe epeertiast =it) eis .t Ancclor when Suite fs ar pecttmon! / ten ak a a yoad ad eocea@aeooaoocoooococeaoscoooooaxvqg0scooo ooo3 a 1o 0 o o o o 9° o 9 o o e o e ° oe e e e e eo eo e e e e e e e eo eo 2p (or) qranstent fete cme > CF et Fo erree Snr EGE eS CREP T ee vl= Te, pnw shady stare eee iz {oP yatues Yne cot > arducton aul af a stot under Steadystare condi!’ e c ta BeKe) Five eared af CFR y we) = Ae z& £0 ceo | Getth WE ofen. 7 =6 } csi t=O tO Vy gem f te ANR : teas €S = eo Nw Ton)" aR a fy ROE ray presen (Came AL th i(0) I, tre. vale y he wal or ® rat OMe, BONE “ne A Es 7 te ce acer are, THE « general expretcion for a verona ge yo aa tr) {toa) ~? -fivell NAME y(ire 3 4) = ze ” ; oe nfae a Fon the above 3-4rapit ae reel a My jhe. Anduttor voltage A 2x0 © and current fx myaxnvalue” (= tacutl s— —Dousce fee RC oe sire cote, Transfer 0m partion to Fastin at t=O pee go Sour & AHO g ; t=0 R apt =O ee ¢ Vted¥ <0 4 gor ; ae = -cW@ 205 Re ar a Vee as ar= SF ¢ ge vt) _ (ow Prec > Yo time a start ftom 0 Bir SS tC Ang th* Se srerhefi-e® Ceooeeaeeeeeonvecacocoaoooo0oqq0q0 0059990904agoo0o000g00000c 000 o eo e oe ° e ° e oe eo e eo e e e e e e e £ Ie | : | Som , pou on te / tape, aa aoe Zs rate oat yor “a Mi « Goa bul SS cae a cise Fe. te down wakes ££ Le betont “es i g=-fe* Agthe™ : im@ BEE wine Gutkch fs Te pencfened =e er ones votre Actes he capactior powwttigs dot cuadent etevcton of “the * cap autor sever Re_ctacutt wiih Sousce_ = — td ve ett (rat rte ls = Ae. ar ‘ (Ov) SOE, cop once eLPOBE TE dive? fox eee? ali yBizO + £0 Tut fe reaargel & 7 toe vesfonse. pare steely rare ff fina) Value t=0J undea creay stds cPOo ° HH CeTP EF ne 40wat (a= ior) — tC) Be bao s ye=O ~roince copatton uncharged: ae t=ot 7 verO per w=? ise... By WL ye lgr% verR s _nt | = Vato F KVL coraespongs to t=O" (#4) tere sverrtve woo 4am 3 ove vat len vet =O pied eS ROCCeeeoecoocececooosoceooo99gqgs 909090903:2 ® tind Recroee OF V7 Te Ga then =Siay Valve of tapncrtan- a A Re ct withasp cousre * Ie tees Ceqy=O 5 a a2. sie Rony = HSH eeaT=4lo's) 7 : - a x ce _teerargirg a0) =We "Ey 2) “2 @.2.., —" zr) ¥ = 5) AOE dt a _ 2 oe - qt tor © Find nate cf ated voltage’ ae Lo ore éw cosoeeeeoeeoeocoeeoeaeoooaosneoeaodoodoasdD ‘6 \ | | itor | B tee | w cxarginy OFF |e Yee | aK +V: 8): etke40 | ea ae = ve. ek | . ae = te 4 RO | Ae se Ee ae | Bee el ae l oY ‘Sw \F nchétton” ‘ — tg aftpady stale © = [Psa gp ter oe te a ea en) | | | | \t=07- — anduttor dogs not alllod Cudten charge op Curent * Capadtor u uh ” vollage « © i (ot) = 2'5A vutor= 2” i (0') cite) WAL an come problems Auta ude are. ready ge to calculate Anftion valued at t=0 * me © : rate thegeattch at cpa tind voltage. aC \@ 0 a or] cert | Se |a 2 oth a en pe Beet och te gfe ORE ~y¥s lair OBO) iW) 2 OL Ve to’) =ov At £=0') oP seio*)= & wv e=0 eee poty= 14 1A eind current $100 Sprougly Crpact tt & reliage alles Andyaufat t=0' + loceo@eecoovoovoocvoeooogo oo sogo00990 S999 S3041 i Arteo } |e tov 4 gato 2et0*) = Mace : q 1" Bae j v= \o* //) = 1X = QV ;o Tr cme a 2 ° 6 Det) = eae voy i = eld... of- An the. cit {hon Anita charge yne Capact torr Fe 10 Coane and Gy enenqy of we cafeettor ak Fo ® consent epthe Capactto™! at tale ) Grergy OF the vest ctor fron 0 tO Anreoal’ acto perntihers alten AIS, cap d vr iae Ses ay an voltage ° io = = >) ele © eneagy op we, coracttor at t= am = 2ofteo) = . (05) (109) = stot, @ cuasredt_ oF 4H of the cafe cogeuttor Qtr teygee a iw= (AO) _aceat) RE 4 FCP) -y} = (woe “A +0 coRcel) cooeoe eee eocooeoceo eocoeco 0000 eeecy Find “yawrafp vatege ofthe ee | 2 o a 0; ae th) ie zene Hore? = RO a —50__ ie a= BCt-e Sone") ; = Sec oF VRE Msi 32 f o% ~e ne ey Va ome?) + 5° ' arene? Se 2,8 2 if Heli 0+ e soni o Bere : (24s ( Boxe? ol eee = di bnb* Ba S (Si ° wy > See oa ae e Vgelv tg He wen? voltage . srtme Constant : ° tme Constant + pefinatlons Time Corstant be define ¢ a8 wert ng scene : y E action of. eneaq’s SOT : of element * e rt at a. time coretank” 6 the rime i : a ‘1 Resi to age ean or ec cfoeatt with fone oe eal value , ana tt e vette) > vetne ec) te given Ae chon * HY e a =") . el circuit with Geurce:— veWO= vet =!) e a =T7 yc OE be ‘ ve = Or63RV e ot w= yale : tase MY 7 EE rot; Xe : ite) = ¥Urre 1 a7 OTF Ey. or Rav ° aa ® °FO REE win serene. KL CEM (eu nce 1— ow \ , 0 aera ar ee ty w= vere ike) us —_gind_ geapenge oF Y vie desert © sve 4 on wba wv Ogene"t @wrre tae SHE <3 + 6. - BB TS 2 OG = OBER * Coys Ses Sist0e Hs ws T= Reyley alee 2 5 7PT ‘é ze. 2 Any A r Cee qvate all the andependont note while. Find ss Busey %é erat ExrvesstOn B— _ty ron ees) t ) 2 yor tee") (ee Vey We. = ate hg ge a ai: =. peoe 2% z 8Y.. a ceocecseeeooveeoooeoeeconogoooono,v0g9000000000pele? wmenever Finite Time Vo \W= [ 0-4) € ~t(3-15) +8 ois amen ae st Cal aloein't aes votl) = 84298 ia Gadder O09! at * NOTE r : at Ve ae ae Z z : Ve ve? EE . tn ——+ ve whenever lee Biter Pcl Teo /e allows Fike “ [reo ve en J fudalendheinges T° 9e990990009909C at eG) ¢ Gee Mee Tee ER oO fst “TUL theorr tical ciicany not en cre ate pra ° =0 4 ) ) We 2/315 ey je SOLE ge phone, lence voy res Brel aeouee dr smaiier si conten quel wavy Fro toary oot 0’ t fe a, pid wo st)e intB), . - ah gnc, gu, fue lov On, a ai ecue), g “tao? sor At a coec@eeeasecwnoodveoeoesooeaooadsdcocoeeeoeceoooeocoegooonoonosa0o20000000 fea i, 24 fico 2 l “ - > fos eR 8S give die 6 Mee ye rege a " - aly pd 4ne s+ rds) = co) _ sat ; a Ledge = pave : co V4 ite) = eo) as into) = Ss alge 2 2 =—" Aor Jide aii) =O i‘ to mu +8 (ai-4 d= =0 ile — awe]? ie! 4. (Cdl? — Ge 0 5 ae ata er —5)FF ius) = ti @ ig Alsee a at — pref ex wisi to Time nde + BOR =O m ete) = (QU) ~ — Ht) WO)2 oe = -6usa|see™ me perce: Desf 9B wrg-to TIME” edge + eC ae <0 av spite! 7 cat 20 ma — 2 aito+a Lia ase a ar . > pinto) = rie alee aeGas See ail os Sea 2. biG a ee ar Wee ey kes yate+ Lait t fidk Diff darto Ee = ediaidt + £ oF RET SET at sede +i ao (Ose Rot toy _ err & ai eoyt 2 t Z e+ (Lia de Div = “aL 2 ek caped on ie wan apace me? Ee ake gx (Ayre, aveaecrare Syston * fa. spre K canted bleu g KE k oo eept ce’ w= °e —— cand®- (HY ; coat amped FS" —thep se) © E capettt) om CPR gen nse aE “ip Sysien wecaied iM Cco@eeeeeecooaococoooosroqgq00qgnggNq009N900 0999009@coeecoeeeeeocoeeoocooocoonoag0o00009900005000 PVE : : w= iG coup S59)" | Se ecied ie een ee Dawping cousficient als = al simecontan = 2 gor ues Roe. cage) a) os carpio a \ xi) Pye pe cg cing Fe = corer TS fr exeitatio”) treat $— (ith De ET pre parmel_Circutt 2 RUC P By KL i vad fue aay gett c [ py yp Lv ' ° o= gt ae" ie =0 duet’ ay +ear Le - ete)” pe ked* tO ¢! = aids Yoo bi /D> > se VONcage) i 2 gerrescet meas 5 Cand > te Cumrent retfonee : oven clown wppranel « voltage © : i ik, } Be Gey bk ‘ KE sa i PV Pt. Mi)= Ce +o carel)— (eye ie cotticany arp"g X= “aR =P ot tec a) © capeciti) | awe a jeok = 3RC. 2 5 erficient syster) edinping CO it under Bf ? srimeconstant” = Davies | 2 - X= ct = Re “a Tinga = : re Pe ak e+ QsiopVle vene C4 OOF case ):— qn) 2 ’ : oe ao GPP vende qeaipe test ee, a sna Conor peer [OH By Sreadysiate Coarent ee a ' Ff of Ric Senties crocutk ustth Oc -exctkatior f eauual to Re2t0 * Coeeeeeeeeoooeveooo0eooe09009099909009009 |Oo oO 5 o o ° o ° ° ° e e o e e e e e@ e e e eo e °e eo e e e e e e °e e 3° e BYE | — foo seatité RL : eee Veo Z>\ — overdam pl ‘eh. a &=\ = Cattrall ! a RI avid rr eon iq RO? unclamped 7 : gerdampi... “ pie oe catticany damped ste i gadertean Overclamped Cyctem, * an the clk gt ontteany camped tyttem No qqetualiong ee Eton seacattsty No ceratioy > ae _ 5 whenever HFS conditt gre produced ah aR «for parallel aca . XK Anthe unde: cdamped 44h) more! pesent=” ation & fae ome osefld Ce seafes RLC Ges —> parasiel me Fromthe, erouie™ 2 nae ‘ex IF eee aL —3-2.,) Be YOrGH : fo@x mr Mop Fo a ; ° apyetrtengtty ofthe 9C Tangient ae 0 R #7 mosethaln inter te of the AC ve L Torangtenté * ® anthe AC ciocubl bated Zener +8) — OF openatty Foewuency - snfidey © VOD SV OPN operating cfacuit et ents ta e poscioe + obtain Trengent Fee o ay Kyte Responge’ bu fo the veto Aa yeigede ee Potctbie +o obtafh Tra! Rec ponse y= Rix 2 at jemeotsy Function (os) Ort? ertaa Fr ice CTP oo, Tangent yecPONse tortourcey ee Cee) 6 creadly ctabeResfore P ‘fk, = vet Ze Zz —t an jen shor FO RK on wero sac ce tPt : _ eS) ic _ NERY Men (et 8X) Zz act 7 2 geot / i=O0 Yq Sin ( O-%) oz At Be) * ( = —¥ on (O 2 Salliae a"! oaoceoeceeeeceecooooeoocoe 99GO0RR9O| | | | | \ | | | | | \ geoaceeoooocovoosoecooo0o00q0q00 900000085 cee aa angtet steadyitare Responbe THEE ne) ee CaseOr . vee) cipro), Ee) vay TRO, 9-40 yenr Pree. RECPONES arto 9 5 sin £00 The TO oe fe fheconaétion fet . pe [ OF vase) mec theconge rte Response eee? ie he, BOQ : ee VEDI= Van nar t6)- Oo) _, “nen eens eae Oe @ @= san’ ( 2) +3 | 7 eto: Sarma & qi) PARE come mini Time Note = remeg ata os ] for operant Aud oiheng, Pes akurevany s 7 ; iy in =) Based on tw | — spats L yesremai= r aR anstch ft operates £10314 7 | each) 7 " ~@ changy/ > ue to Luitehtug aceon ee @ chang rameters epouree G RiLre 2, OT param : oF . may "| a while opesvating sre switch Some oel Hl —Bce-to ines Tek) =aAe 7 ) +2 sin(wt+ 6 x)Now! Aptalourient Bo =8¢t-8) ty= ~v sio(votp +0 -2) e + Yn Sin( vot +0) - Lee ae eed ransient eady srare eros Seetnie cage @):— eee yevin cingat +0) 7 r= to Foor teiangent Free Recporges wko+O-X =O i condttion dor’ vei is oe vite gir aenticatjonof transient #06. 6sten utble * isle peciqnig cB > AY shoutd be toasee" an that ie open tate ‘dpuid be. AO @oo9oo00gn0000000c wl eroni(st) 8. 8 BED ypc wr 2 =F J uto= TAOB)-OTF | y= wat (RO 1 vole TAA (vat) OE ie we ate Using concep” o | ° | caxet) :- _ "Ve Vmntoe Cuh+O) 4 t=bo e ° boty = rail (b)- OTE 7 in ae e OTE: — ge ceaereute conesient guext gece . case = ‘ ceva? VE=Vin Sin(wr +O) t=O oral | -rai'( wR) © “a eran!) i ° cot C(by= TmsinWrto), t=0 | O 4 a = tan! *| cue) ven =vntos(ak-+97 F=o ea ey - ° B=TA( AH Zl p= ran (wet F @ e = ran! (10) ; e qe: WW = vn SiN TE), ito mals) -O| @ st Tah \lced-Oe ng e e ° 9o7 Ru peremereen seen sie + 2 @,m an the ctr thon at value OF to Term seer Sn(E8)) [=O = an “at cireatt” at 9 nol posseble to obtaty Lacan Recpoyge: cence oxi fg having “two Eneagy stormg : ra ‘An the Cfocutt- chown ar what velee Dow bony Teenctont free Responte vn wd volt Fee aeee Fok IL = [aes oF (D-9) eel ea or ‘she:9)) iz s mal (near) Ss = sremaee sist(ge)) ezewer Ne ent -pree Reepone= wlo= @00000900000000 Blyto = | © eA obtarnecd? a sarge To oR) TES a respy?t FP snst —> > ue sinst} 5 acoceeeeeeococadceAnittal value Weer 3 ae 5 valid only For pot} = yg oT } 7 paige 7 xetof OH) se Jy, etirninator Power -thoutd be qeater than Numeral Power» Fal value thea te Set = te > vayid ony hon al, THe tre +00" se Juv POR Shaytd be efe hale aan "gp c-ptame Eind Anita yalue of the foil functions * ) ee &Y est3) 6 20429 CCH) Ls z ra te srt) = Ob pi saad pa go | (ae 9) (Ste) J 4 ett) = = ge 2 pe Brae Ses SH | * +3) ye sr = ak! (88h Wee ian S98 fae ciettae tos were fogs 2 HE a> GAnitial Ae Thestem Can not peapplialy = =? + Since Atnominator pore” Ff % han the Numerator Power €ind ral vane for “te foro —fanekion? ee eeocoovoo0eceooceoooooooo0o900o0oag 00¢ @ Fes GHGE © = qiet (st 2) Coty i Pel are . y ol poe 2425 Sip sea re Liswless) =e See er S20 SEH (HY I te sFtSD=, 40S +S = oe = ad oo TS coy EN a ? & } for awe above Faction Fira) @ Applied since. goles Fe i tc fn stshr hale. @ whe Ne (unstobesystey) O 9Opin Sina VUE - gree Le & Do the Specunae “ho @o @' O©2 Grone er preas siut marginail ysiable 02) mahinany stablecycrem Ayko fina ailue Theorem - seni f OB cunent frowing thragh AH Anductor ¥ gfven by xCS)= 368) tinal Autetal| voltage of the Audhetar) can not be ie a, gr ve ide : sat}= SoH = ~ Bab = 2S, oltré UI Bags = B+ Sa z--F.” 5Ui~e ditt). see") 3) ar ai cor) eee Prey apne VE. IED ae oe 3t0)) = s@agey=te rae x) 2 Sole wer 2 WWE =4ov a or ive (409) =422..... v noke;~ i = i= il vet) de ee a SL Pytde+ fv Lt 8 dt noe +i 0 pete tH wit @ iltot)= io) ) . ype 1 Arpulte wie [tot = 5) | => we gtereme™ geval except bE | rohction- eupianation: (vee ; lt) d ic ot) = te) * (Ee), = aco) +t ¢) L ae tcd70 amulée) o °. o oe 9 eo 9 ° o e eo oe e eo ° = no) e e e 93 eo e e e e e e ° e ° eoCont tusions : - From the ea it (& concluded that =nductor car not low Alngtantanious chang.e& dor A gven input * FM OO At %! concluded -trat Ardector alone snlanlanios, Change for a giver tnput Cirpuige frat v= ste)’ Nowe: —~ for capacitor: =e Ir copacitor Auduetor meang We Concent Tare on Curnent” V8~ pa. means we conenmare on voltage eeyuation WO = & frenee a ra uO = 2 Pdr +h aad <#O veld = Ye Co") +4 {roa al | ALEC” tect CF wat) actos? b veto") = (0) In tthe, ey corner” inpal” lays conpider Amps ge itn, a TP veto) = yo) + ¢ ite) Ar ve (OF) =y%(0) waffnst) orl ~ ze (eto) zd ee wy re 4 |? @ t=) wyto? = loccllereiaudielelelea-elelelo'calaisiels clo'clolais-oio"os lanConclusions > fom ea ALS condded that aapacttor coer not ao) Alnctantantous cnanges $0 given inpuk-* from 9740 arte concuced tha capacitor aloe Aluctantaniongs oranges for Curtent Ampuige dunrion- sTencfomation of eich element fiom time Domine to értom thee ) sen ne ae pe —— te > since restttance & Arrfependent- or Frepuenty + x¢s) ( at 2) Anductor *— - ee vet) = Lai L i al vs) = LC SHs)~ x0')) iH) ater eam * : a tg) —ecor) ig doavl fetipacterm ; vs) = LST) C Henn a at Btage dtvision ' Passiole Tn derieg only» I ) +bes vs, =] . J Litt) is)= we a , 2° “r6) ‘ re) zs) ae) tion ray ‘ ureg = vet b pe Kel reat, ot) eny G0 * at = Vs) $e pnt eet se deveroped” ~ ee ico) rk ito) = we S|NOe Sh Se i veprecenr apace clonine anttta) vane O- aa =e a woktap cource (ot) Current” for as af tottial value =O 900 ve gh Then The squcet F aout DOCCOCHCELOKOOEHEOEHOOKODDO0099000003€S 8) for coupacitor nt f= ody a i: —ot)) nt) ce gis)= © (LV mf, ent ep! ays give)” ane XS) Go paranel cee xe) eleveloped * viot)) ves) a ot = xs) ttance > Y= Ve) sprantformed 44! a oviot Ye va J fre vollage_vatue tntermg of- current eve ee eek + 2 Mov i euro oresser ne ene me evel oved * 4 — 5 be & vio) L_- = vs) cétoy can be eure’ Atal yao Current Gurce & BE apps voncoP Ye Andutar & cafe Andicated 38 GA Correnrwuce 0%) yollag element’ eonha © Paralie! then slit vame' » he eceoeoaoe@eeseeecooocoeocooeaooeaos3o09090 0909059900concenrare. o7) note —Cument directory qvoltage polit tis of- A ela & ence Neg aad ee fordeducor fer cagaetor nodal Analysis '~ eer Te aaa ef : 4sVid = + z vw et S$ ge +e Haak 2 vont 4 et8] = 40g se cities 3 vs) = (Hoi —— +3) sats _ys-8 +9) 16 Is = vis) < ee Ge coat) ate = ftnd itt) tor boo : art a/ cond FIO? sq Youu Te 40° ests cae Ve= 10% wv = Wi Ee aiygts) = Jes a seat ere” wip 3 correcponds cy 2 i 3e S value wit be Prete et for ¢,_ noauitialvels® gor be present © SOc? 5 es Yon oe a) = 78 elie oe soe views © (és) 2 = we =" oO oO o Oo o o oO °o °o °o e eo o oe e oe eo e e |e e e e °o e e e e e e e °e e °Veatigication_.- © 2 caseay Methecl 2 eee jw yer aF “ourte Pree RC cel cea ee > raplacé eansforn agppnach d- Noe 1 for conventional €¥a% epietve—> daaieat ae | FON find coment tone Anductoa Feat eke =

etme. ot xt BP 2 tons 4 OS? peat ae) ae ss) ag suena ooooee eee @eooeooecocooeocaoo oo0920909000 9200 |i Sno "Complére Response FC GWEN ory = feb= (Hot) ~ iw) et He) Ce Nol? i) 24) ° AL Aeo = tanh 9 (= 2A io At te! a “tat nclORe* °o Eee © andlor euke Ge FL = ' on ° © iis (a-sve 4° or oxt Blew vm OP) 5.4 trea value ve o-aF 4,46 eapactton | fee” tee © soe Lek yA Trantfore the given cer Wa Spee “Ld ‘~ i ee vp(O= 1OV ew way. tack sl "Tk ig BB, sre tg. iz % e ° e e yl TS'gle ee (Ss # e = boo er Cs cee (fagea) “8 a = as yp = B- 2s) e oe Vg (5) B - st am) i J © wo cra vane OF Yer IES" yom go 6 - al ° I 290 o® ged War beg = 7 Dut ona@ auti-t) ° an® ° t i °Ane rntea veu ett) QE Fea the rc cquace — Oto 0 r ut) —3 9 to % ; 3 Ht) —m to pute) utt) na uted) ut-t) 1 wi & pind cuaseal™ Retporie ‘athe Ardeetor nue. att) y ge po utr gto’s eooeoo0gn0cqo090 00¢ ot 4 ae i: 73 eo? ute) uct) BPs | 0 ee t+—>t- ge ‘ d7too rf rare. CON bk b= 2 Steadys! te 10 al q sid £0 aroluor chart KS due inte So wy uO 4 w= 5A 10 @ | aa =>" nae teen) A £20 i— nana i? yy 8 aye ~ 2-1 cee Rey =e rekegrk Laat oe eu) = To & For Source Free RCT as b = 5e h&) wage?" =. COCHOCCCCHFCCLOCEOEOOOO0OR9 @ ain the fique frac Ar T=ORE he switch connected tO Pex tien() Ke AerEr L Time Conttant the .cltth ae trantter te Pesttion 2 King Cusment @ecponge when the GettchY alr foro» Ab _ES0:- Sey t=0 ‘a “L lat on pes'tion 4): wey fo ae Ae EOF CAE FN yponentiay Sider Archetor chargee =e i= “tiee a Ww e it) = lo tre a lo ak fotition + den, genes fo . we cons Hexe anttial values a¥e poetent * 52 a a {(@0) ) ; = (reot) —tea\ee ac deny ie = (i . : Ne ee 0 i ee “hy fe Valli red at He tal pee bretert Se nea -thegattan, e%4 <8 (et) fee Fe ‘ae wee = (ie) TJ Ee +P) Foca iotle = fost : = to) Cem Sel op ozlsee * gwce EE Hoot ED AED = Tbr) = 100(1—e 7" og condition > anductor ANGER 1] =6524 aga Lboat cat» elas iia fe-the. cere seeponse. comeponts to pattie. HOOOCCSOSKBSOSCHCHHHOKHOOR9GOCHO0ST0R290990000007 =f Joys gy Wa Juco Qe too | t=ot 0 Copal tor 0c. gn oe unger crate state colds ¢ Ly pore Vo7)= 2V ie vcot}= 2... ge: now ap comes Weeoy=OY > NEEET 2 “HUI )= 1A Veto") =aV_ At E207 a 20 ¢ ne ame Jom ~~ Nyy Trantor ane TH A gf Pap “1% clomfne* ie connecte nterter Here ayy the elements are comet ed A K fe thera viben ever all eementA are connected ™ serves dndica Cond wlify AnitTAl VoIeaqes. st ; ae aa m= watt — gt) = 4S — ts Best he Ye » panies ah Oe. eX _ aS = Be, a viet) a = yar Cy” = tw tee Db Dy BA ") © the Ateoye oka tesiet we) ar $0 rime Constante = = ys on ° 0 ° oO ° ° o o o ° o ° °o “@ ° ° e e ° e ° e ° oO e e e ° e e e e Qtreae Conkinuoyt eneagy To1ansfesma lion — T Sahl CONEY 5 oxoy behaviour «st Presedk * o ° ° o eae aove crt Bnetgy TANGfermaton continuoudy dene a 9 Ardiklor and capacitors “hereby oscillatory recpouge B obraINe ° ° 4n fe. abaie. cI 90 poneriogt 4 portent» cfce veel farce, ¥S equal tp Red! o® 8 OgGir- et he veprcio\e of c ntl. 2 @ a1 yorege. ewopage fener" © SOE petciay aunye ancantrioys OMOGE f° Ae EEO Aye uy 1 3g AG+8E3) dren mae GO aw eae, =) e e e e e e 3 a je ye Were WY (onto 2 ’) yevdt ei | ; ge ee = 34 ee LOH) l we gctean Saar ce) le Jac = © Rae oe r oo ae 0 ets) = @)' GS) ;° 2 fee oe lo |Fe) a Aiifalvalue, qTheniem g { “xl “inal Vawue theater”) = AE t=oy, otal Energy of Auckittor wii oe loose 20 curt OIE. L = oe abe SIUCA tH We rsh 430) curve (stead te copectior ‘co uneroonelene E fo Age are OTE OPHOM teri = Ecos teoy= THMCors) R afte Nov ay Position 68): ~ yo, ant Uhh ERE eat ante Ham NY Po ih ~ Coorsen Ais04} a came’ £0 Loih —in the! Fe fo ¢-pomine @ ™eD rvdiouk anvegde Faplace ” Transform a® Wi) = Hes) = yO FB YIVED da £ alee We) eZ wae & ie Re te ret i Oss ocoeoeee@oeoeoecoooecoocoo0e ons o990099009009N 09005os ie fe 2') rei Comert Yaa —voltageca Wau (ets ote andi cont Re ae 5 capacitor egnnenny exper ite) Vo = 3 cot: —us’) pees ee poae S* eooo0o0g0g000 &, * \ 4 Lk elf * a 2 ¥ nro v it pace" orig a RL es = From given daa to Reh ne A= | ll +Eq=0 vt Se * Acer sae) i mae tg CTO ager a aN 170OCCOSCKHCBHCHOHROOCECO09oe iz -1tot- ved= lo (t= ora o Vue sora 10 wore S100 ag = ont eoHeo) (S100) 3007'+2008 22 veto= ¥ wnz!00 A aqun= ae 3p yctoo) =2 =O stuce pore tel BO aiten te esv to conteag aontebsiten eee ( in 22>) age ee” a e® . yG=v wy tel? soya cagce118) OCMC) ctor) =o oj Lett a orl=o* s aesot apn ork ie e Lees) Dm ts) ( RSL vcs) * we C6 co eno) teen e10-9 Ses Oe T= OS qf) : a te ee0” tea bed a Ke jw $ 0 9 o o o o o oe e e 8 e e o ° e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Q a3 futod= Ye =44 velo) = wyl=uy © re. rerponee Conpiel a : ie) ={fto")- wwje™ aie) AR EO 3077 aon +e ; spit i pel oso) ® a | oN e=50+ = | ser vatdi & eS rot 20% anos Cos COE ey | ib g& YH yp ceaewle). tte) SQ Yi) 19 * 3g Le OF, +H ok gota) | vy) = bros using (a placetranttite— We B+8.> warp | gqooceeegeoeonoecooceooeoevoooeoo0o0g0q09g000 00090 & 3 & | | | | | | | | | | Awere (re? | ap rey TOmed | AU a fay oe Aga we we coyr54 ic) yeesnie ov 7 a s OS ee en a eras w en A S=D)n__ e75¥ 2see wed uty Butt? yor 3 3—Be yy es WD) yt = =e Gre pe +i Ee wed) = ie “> (G at” v2ls) = wy 3 7 oy 26M a Oo o a o o 3 8 o ° o e ° o e e eo eo e 2 e e e e e Agee @ e e e e e e @ @ e @ anthe vee or or te itor a fecnarges a nt ent voirags to dice time. constant eee aapacitor I vente 1bg--Oo 4yed anti fcoyzoA =o! ¢ i oO @ ee BiH ar eee 6 6 ig boc M \P @ i + ate eter eo) vee «100. dic $0 Gist aa rac 5" cag _t(eo) sfnce Souace erage recponge. 6% PE oe 100 Tee a: (lore) * Oo Gernon ef - ae © we oe " av = —100% 0) Anh ely = —lopaleD € ar |reo —1e0nt® , v] see. re) ay 002 & fata? rn @ OOCOCOOCOE COL OOOOOO0O2D000900000000 Vi ( ralles) ig’ yeache Tee t No= Yi vi ) sae = pul) * ze Sut), Notes anne rl on path of tre afadl: on Fane tae ioo0uc So 083 oop 0 e894 fee gen! (5 Ihe wit pe car gsc +, ae Cage at'Q = Qs O©coeeee@eooeaoocoeocooeacvoaooooonugug 39090 Jet 3 XSOo Here atteon ye =3¥ Oo ApteO ee 5 caparttos ANONR Ludden charge, bez tee S 7 oO Anthe above giamplee copa , Ciro A&G allony volragy since time cnstanl” of- ” eee le of 8 Act=0¢ jeod=o% vee=OY oe) o o At teghi- e108 oo co Hota fs) by ye 1 o Seot)elon e The | @ we 7 e whe 5, > ane el ° 7 1 a ° LRg= 104 i rage o- ei 74 (é gt) = ac cha s. =10 ag So GD wet. Gol Ince eso wA., ctene constant Should be calculated ay @ % deacktvate atl -tne- independent Gures' Fret operating tot e SE d 3 2 28 “5 2@ wie) ° he Rn Yio el e = Mw Peas e Reye wt 2 b= XG | Gem IO Fae an =z Rem= © as)-2eY © eo. 2 @ 6&9 “| ; ei gansfacch tome” + Te) e apie AEE ge id lo e ; e et eo? e WG ae teet | tt @ an z Ip ane ie \s ow ae e : ° cel sh PEI to 9 PLO SOE = pss :Wopoa Niw rao : shuo Poa il 2 | oe e— +90 a4 - | Peat vy i — single Pore — oe 430) | ; . 4 inald = | $9 Ye oe ur patetret erties ae yoy tale MBE | genetor neopets eo ea ip Meche % Aempeion %, ances al jel 70 ] Hee a foo rot ' gar IE e trom xd pate of yerninays ari geqnal may entes, cor) tea"! ane MW fe cayed ‘At “post”. _ & when foe sua & heving ony one pata of tesmrnays Athen the Nio fe cated at" cfre post nla” Cee thown™ $g0%8) - eet A when the Ny Ts having. woo Pata OF seaminase then the cated At "Two fovt Nas” a gu TIE 0 port nw poe" me 4 oo 4 Comper NfW res contsuarional of- SNe ' Pate! oe signs Clacstfication as paramere ae z_paremeree -— Corence” paareste) Q- Y-pavameleg i C shoo cer pasaimeets) 3. ha paweeters 1 Cad Pavarmete%s ) a Resets - ¢ Anverge hybatd parametelt) * pgcn faemetes : C-renomeseton 2fne paramete A) e: parameters 1 (Anverte. Tans Aine by) alge! ton abCA a a coooaee eeeoceeceooooaoooooonq09g99ngq9n0000N 00Zrparareteye aL = 21 20 Ve = zy hi teete =) 5 |S? Je Bp = Ve [20 ZN = poar® © fener 4a.= a . Zo2 = Ve S heal By = Opera” Anpur Anpecke ter) og Zoy = poawaral TENET Ampes Zjg= Reverse Transfer am Zaq= openckt” outpule Ampedence ooty Yo fares 4 Ya Ver ~b Yarn’ 76 wu Nw = Search a yredetttance OP paitving potal Alp Yay = forward -Wantter pittance Mia = Revegte " Nag = shot cet obtpat ieee ‘n= dence ere a fom OP veins Aepenclent vaarable? y¢{-= Irclependent vente LI my oral BNSC. Me Gye, 290Gb are. vollnje eyif 0 eve appliel ; one applic! tor coy or’ PEE tnt apr Ampeddence nce VU= = te tally par Ampedence * (on) rotor ou a Br selerendear vare wy? oer eve ince. en Seeper den ce* g precy 0 KC yi 2° cuvsel a “applied fer that earael © develope: m, vy aittarce ce adnfitian admtttance.h- Peal a b-paraneteyt Y= WS thew —O Ags byt ho ® 1) 4 pependent- By Eprsserensene 2 bat = 3% | ye : roth, tr : 2a “ hee Me ‘n= M | ico y e | a gelation sho _haorearreremeree #) = BS (cod —T | bar i. | 4-0 y We filwze «the Par n= Ny eit Seca et HINA, Ve=O we 4 hays! & > ln99 an (parameters + woz “4 \a,20) Sa Shee rere ie ~My ee = 5m Bea ae BE ; ee e RI = et Br A paaneies '- = Ft we © We qi vrge te 78 =i Qu y |s.-0 Qe = a | ao qa= SIs. 2 G22 & Me | 20 units. zat Nownits owls ie 3 du 4) Go Ml vy ™ ainexyenreunerre geation yo Bh SR 5 qn | 528) ore 2) qi = Hleedse %\Dore 2 SMe te 4 2 Bho, Ne we ale > Zyhe Be 1 Eo coo@e@e@aooecoovuocoooeooooo oo eoo99o 999006Joo066060000660000600000000009909000 ee, Pau pareimeteys -— 51 ge rc Ch Ofa ivi Ke oe gigs ween - fit ae Yao, aw sper ay 9eeorannese 6= 4] yr0_, A. aetionti ABCD % Sheer PIMACL - = H)y2 = Ge c= BaF a 5 FES ner D “S| A207 Nouge = By = Bh he Fl 5 ai/y Al Note lh O40 at fh nor poste. = | K=Dgc- 40 clevelop’ <0" cut, gince boneyss a are developed wrtd Alp: _ 7 ; meters I ie *E aisle! gated MONEE c= BQ ei I ws ay 8t) 70 bz —2 are I2= cy vt —® ae yi = wr 2 -YL A= %& \heo sit a vm be aa —> Nounils at tens : Be Ye yo 3 qqeation se _Aieldo eater SI ‘ = Yo }gs =) Ve) = Be ae we Ba az ~ 22] yoo a Nowe : Bly coe a) % e-$i|GQ 8 fia a a ae ot aaet ” e ig ZI = 3 UN Symmet Tica t a> 2p aad mmee real s s ze —— A [ oe _Symmetteal | Gym Ilsymmetric’ f Nw t— Symmettca Reciproca) Def tm whenever Aye NO 2 = 7a pe Teora he cave €or both. Yn =e | Ye= Yet ste ports “hen tt 8 said 4nQ2-4n9o1=! v= h\ | . ; nad ap-ecsl | Hoe! wot —Blel= | cenespende *00D & Kok ¢ vy=@ate) H 47 To Vee Ze De 4 (zp t20 compare tH wom Standard e474 ye 2nnl +4222 Up raat | ZpeZatZe Zp =22\ = Ze Sgt 20 Bs eit ay Ze] [ Bstz, Zale - (21 2] ze by prowl tn cere Thatmeans by enowt e Contant we can-Find thé zpos WOW find Za My Ze “Fem QPramelee -— Zyr= yer Zt2e=Ail = z=4ll AD _—— Zptee> 222- 2 pe locoe5aaeeoeesoooo0o00000g000009g00099090002OOCCOCCOL COO OAOOO00G800000000000000 gy: Yan +@-4) Ye gy) = (art) M Yee) Be reserve nee Hehe poring ~H4 sith amcBrd Los node eu 2 By com aeXn yar Ba =Yo M2 tye TIS opr ye] = we ‘| “Met % 7 WSs : ~ a i 7 ax nee YoYo fron ¥~facame Now find Ya 4 ne pee a A Cond ison zqey Abe re \ Symi aice PMY. ig gem teon BI rots maken Au= 7aa™ “OR Dye Zutee zpe eal = 2e78 ee 1 yaertn fy YEE 2M wie ayeee Baldge cents connection oF ah 1) My AV hg nel fof Nf | > [ fot Ny 2 ge_wer® ¢— DE PNG MB enh & aadge Ne got 9°eKO9E carte TWO weft: Na 2 ah ay) foo NWA Cs " won? (| ax vi 7) Yh Me i Mb woe J N eviews 3 8 ‘\ 2 =} sare ooo ; y S©eeeoeoeccooocoooeooeqoo000q9gnqsqgN 0990500ean y pareimeret — you Yn Ye) = 4 # Hs we | (¥ a = (4 Yan, Ys be rarael Ceanetlion OF “100 HPAP Ny har he Bal n hy he ) : he . ; | +3" a gap Teoopeatt Nike — \ sh * 7] alg! a el ; 1 e7co0eeeeaeecooeoeoooooooeoov ags0990000aN 000 \® ay Find ys ampedence Veta eyo, {Te DL! wayyo Yin @ ga! CopencerPorert cet) ia a Ys Ag 67 (ey) F qty DR = AB ay =v Bs t aie = my [p20 n. © Ze = WM =t ER =B4.,, Crise [uo “om 3 ie: x =) (ze), - é wer Dix cy PS —OL-=o ( ee a oe Gag = ¥ [aro cup = DEE ii wey D eae ~*e, wie yp - Be fig - Elus eeeee ; a ya =B4 oe =By., Pwdeanampeence ota 2 1G 1° 2 D cD Ss x Phe —» cpnetpouds to AIP . 1-8 wer =f " & oe" ine-Ooe costes| + 2 =«mys4 7 feng © x fas AB ry! cp oD ath 2= SNPistded so pauses fer forall? Zee CCHOCCHSOOEFOOHOCOODOXVO0900N0099990009002047 zie! Z+zi! @) Rind Eau mainte” war FO Ae ‘iv proto C610. — mato CaP_E - EF” _ ak fee : & inate isioldltsieieiasinanasnwiersisiemate;ssietee, awe Beales ea a] | 5 = t nag Gy te aoe CY i » iC) cs a = | Mo by % Le Yi - (e)* “ye HI fom £00 eee 2 ; = Be) we = zy 7271 where Az= rbot Riche I TSE Reatk 9 pe Re cooceeeeeeooeeeeoeo00000000909909000Why at > :- Soxrce fren a rum Loy charged teductor 2stateree : in the eCitlar fo cunerr Fe Cleatated * Feeierion cr) tine taten O ° arene Prylant Total energy i Anduttot -0f6ys am t=kfee en actums Ry = to. / RaWR) 5 rate & Po bg] vereray We > rime taten tO Role energy high: ca®* Radon 3 Rah Re 7 b=tedee more By! + cohar Pa. thon" Teme rye Energy wahl becony4 fo 2eTo + Ryror 3 QuaPwyr=gsee , \ 4 arpot eee Notes Andietoat cach Sk 9 Cortent four Fe * cepacia behatee gf a Yoltage LowEe* @ eind tapedtvaient ok wente AGB: “eth o— ae Sy B atehy : : covresporalt a bys age are lp Terminals lp zoe cer 0 ga ean be alefernined + bur wkeT 29a 7 “AT comesPonding_p_ Nl?‘ - » tree Proportional oe ose cesecceseccesecscccecs olp i Gort” Cb 4 zy22 rey? D2 ak ae Zey * 3 al ccalp aPedente ay. Zrv0c lpfo Coovertfonay? a op se oO ° wi? | “Ve x05) : | D Genera aiconven Horal Phin as vo = ws “J . one a pecent We (1-46 © oe a a /e Ss we wig ~% is He | ww) 7 ! . I SR Zon 2 fee ° : la are re ie | og ar ts a ! : aco= syst) e E | @ 6m © er . Be > sins othe |e : “wr 20m i : i x as x) wise OBEY BV a “ 1}@ wa ket ;° ts) wee C28”) K = av veo 3 I I | I o20eceee ~ F 1 e — \ a > oOa notes “= 2 Siwodte for aremding enidal valu take the es § Viowtit ag “ay to t shen Mimi are. ae a eotiaigiae =0 «) ben Jit D “(es ected res coat ' ES i Perens Ff] eG 4) dele 5 L .frelf e oe (Se b = et 26 fe loot "J roa oop) — o°0 evr000000000090 mb. Sd ae Ad & ay eye FUSS? io oO eA 9 wee % ; i va) msais = v0 ney artes)— ; x oop): Pareles @%) Bot eres) — ms 4) i mot fon 8) “eye fo) = C BO” neyO 3 ee [ones Yu Heo Cet45) eatiet) Ss yore _ (R445) — 1S @tb9 aw =c' Ca) = (s- ee => OCCCCCCeCRBCCTFEOOOSDet COC}OBCKCKBCOCKCHOHOBOHCACHOH9OFTOBD900D0ID0N0N ‘oO Anti : uot Viz bgt OE + bert} 20 2) (210) aye v= veltl= Pe a 447 & vitt=o) 3 oie +6. \b oa ter= ¢ e 88 out vott)= = a ] ere ‘ + a® fl yo-(t4) “6. rte p= 208) oe i qheveninigeenr Cer cage (0 * os Mn = 0" aug Bd a> Be t i io ot] ri — wr VG of eee Lools) £5 Vp OF “ype es iol” w= zUl(MpO= F9e note i Soop 4 norte ISO x went oe rey using Neda APA (00) setae ed ltt) Vo oe # we since. arth gran at t=to’ (0) 2 08 =H fare =¥o ® volo) coil) at t=asMBee a0le5"® on Volt) Be = In operates! csi ~ Ov TAY EEO) 2186 sP= Ov 22 @, Find Br gy ABCD parameters of thenfio L400 if ete Wen en Pat mT = 7 We nvr) 2th 8 eo Adeat te re me sake mutualanductance are 20 for Adeal TF pur he ZeY Paramere7e: etoce UD Fron OEO we cant Find GD a ZS GB tnterege Gx tor y parameteys » ° ° ° ° ° ° ones OF oO Nee pom deat TIF atye ror poctéble to find oe o anittane “values / since self @ mutual Anduerant = TIF are dufinire: et = “Ao (sce 5, acu /9 as wen) OF Fn fp Tuo forrN(a | Ye oe ee Careent-oiFeebior} | °® etind Alp ampedence whe. uel” how? ; S my Th oe + “ nF eo i : gre i 1 : 9 gy Aan Ye parenele evs | hee oe ys te TEMA ae ayyave e aos - ae aMte ee Fe e ur B27 NM eel bd Ne per a yo : —— ° 7 (ie ce e e e e , pe goived by OY Ty eres ony 100 post NIM paramere « loeoece i IHere ap $8 Qirrcieh G another one openciee owe cantF wyihe. Zay parameters’ 0 we Con gO -foH h-Paramekeyg - abu At erie from wegivendata —g, Ty aby Spt hae <0 =F geo) HAP when 20 5) 2 = % wots = ue jhe ut AR ayhen ever inne. phim if ttep aloetn’t mein ooal” by defauir take tr ay rectpro ciel: 30) Wa= hh © av sett pues) Note t Gy wsitg heosrems WP: 2. cet ary “reer, 4 ee so arty HE ae { Re we cee, eed n al tourtgs rohit ineing the Siva ” m Wea. Ei at : cor et Fl | pryfteal Comnect'onA aretame ? ' I Mae ad 7 flementd ave sam " 48 $07: Re ae : ; iv wee can waite cerem oniSinal NIA ane parr FS ¢ fo WE a Voc= Ke FHh= COU aay 2M Foy the oer shoo AE B= ae “find “he yatueop 2ES" Ss , gi y na B= yoo pity, espe v0 pte ae awe it C29 Fey FD) we ale* ig} cocaea oe @eeove0e000000000g09000 000909099099C > tse cs) 2 | wo Oo &G2ese+ Verzesfass Ht) i a compos. 2estea) = 2B si at = =) certo Re) =z 4) ea Lor 6 Pe in BYyD? MY _-4 | = v4.20 - De “yo by > =the — = gates 27 B wranea=0 | ye Bar I< 7 C2 ma? A eS erp|) : sults * penrO euch) ysl 5) wt gyn’ , , we 5 88. ne t Ss iy cee vi vr D corer of te a ne sh ween mckive qitege ae i HE _pectprod pane en) OF Taye, kimear jloattest and et @ BN 6 9 Gyyoron sc a ait Nw * ca ie yer ore o yee 0 Yo Za Ty F222 | m= PO ja) O49 4,00 | a 2y=07 Ar=7 ! CeCe od) Fags ere 20e4eeeeoeeeeoeoeeo0eg0egn00000gnssngosOo #°Gynatoa nelateg voltage at oneposity 0 Grnenhof- the other o Fost * : * Gyratey He a paccive , Uinear, locciee & tn sccproctty -roofertatj 0 © Gysator fe usecl fo the legiqntag. of Active frites = - ignupre “Oo Cone ¢ present” ar head of the arrow vetignup! Noes 10h) : ; 0 1 ofthe arioomare 16-049 FE aun hk ween Current Tt present ar Tat 7a vy) a= Yyvyiynte- 76 ” 94> ~~ Q= YMA £a0m AD) ol 8 Pe i = “ eae e 2 By comparing Ow {90% eb prev Me [tits 5 | eo aan oe Noo yo AnrBb- 7O som es 4@ Gece PO a) Yy., we sate mame 40. ypater ~? Hala Meta] rug Tora! poet Contumed aR : 2. Ty h- Pee Wate f 6) rpc Pr = (eras re snyp 192.2" (0 aay a) Wott ight Nw i Ancluckr F tay velangs og capauiar 9 a1? behaek aU al & veevehd ‘ ye e ve PCH * jOoCSCaeeeeecoovoeovecovoeo0eco0so0090090ae (yer BS 54 Gn 7 SS tad = BE r= TG) GSH 4G) Carl = Dy fe gta Bias vi notes prijerence Ol Niv paremerery_ & Horduot —_— — eee en aie calcul 24 |g 2n=% | LeDoe yw na Pararel a j pared of Ome prect efinecl $0 elite Ce Se: Bel Anthys nie eae lo Ror pradefinet funn 9 fy a 20? pole one sige an Yn=§} Dye 7 a. Suppose we wank” 40 design oneT Nid FE Birave matt be known bur an Nin funelione vate yesauired oe ° -_ al: : oe = ie (Ub 10 aa ‘art o eto #") ‘a id fo aM) ;0 A> Bar o ‘ =" Ee A we T™ ° “4 atc iy ° Se. cg real +0 he Anduetoor Anpak~ © Hane gyrate at outpul Fe. cone’ duit behav A epoct tings F aca : /° 2 ang connecrel +o capactior Ip behaves Notun function’ += = Ww 'e a sunsets ani? ™s ah et Lk steel On = moet, “er ° s n oo) By 2pes) VO © Ey 2x= re a, - ew AOS te ec THY T cs)= ME a. ws Ne “6tS) ata) ° i he e * wn ot ° ¢s) e e |e>> e ° ° e °> Nhu parameter & defined aF peiedefined condttion- Cetheroc neyo: 9 sec}. = ¥ 2ye | Byoe, * 7 H- 2] BO) oe S10 Find Wy unctecn No aeclepined condition & deyufyed - FHT mepargsent” the Nf) Symultanrously four farameleye ae ees. To CePletert T led zy 20 /2217222- AIL HE parcmeten Ave. HABY eating cal one Hy Function tr HX fomibie reprecent the. N(w’ NetiyoS Syomesfe 7 SE for We ABU _Noanellys be rod rho Synthese ft nen nj £ Lrecponse neveyzes te-funi! oe vonage! fonds sequen “youhare iD Shins levelope the N/O > Sige peat} 219 YS ctmeitarce , 5) yy (S)4 peng polar : TRA { ye 207 zat) Yul) / ba . mi eine fare) ) 1 Yoyt- 83 15) p yy) « Mell? : gat? re (> ter MD ? Jeg, [ wie to Find i tiple Anthe Niw~naly.8 fort “the given nw att PO enc eFrea cu © erporge on voltage *eLPo"e™ (7 ateoP Foncton tor) tee weclod F ger uatquedlalt * we an ~the Nw Synihedt ares pocseble to desein SNIWA * coo54vseeeaoeoeooooocooooooooooosgs0gs F005 bSeaies ee > fatter fairy D y hia optateel PY ; ee a { pankalfrackon 0f— spraraelnf md faster SOC" Enfeantion Bused » 3) LaWaler nfo a cauer ~T et) | Continued -factTon of Expanston: cauer —11 40%) am tne ify Any, ahoays uniaue Sotul'O ig optatiedl but An the A on he give -fundhon TE Pourble stern the above three NIWe* i Noterywhte cdeckqnin “he. Nw -ffem the aiven funtion + v¢ ce ond n 7 Fs) -trourd be ered Fn “frcttor an tt cattery the nececary & Fe on Active a pactivee lent AO Has WANBiA WE concentral t bul here 1 rare oan on postive ¢lementt alfO NO ~vovalagh OF RIL are precenh UC quays (R20 BRE age aes AS 2s): eas a Sea te oa > 2, aye y ar a PRE cave reatin) ©) Fi) E 3 US) AO PRF * we Re) mer He Pee ar ztg AP 2 FU) oa 3B ab A afr ate ree Pe a fut onnetred 19 SAIS8 | oar ne 3 7 a an vee : in aid be pe te avttty: DN tHe Pols of -the- fancro9 aa halt oF plane: be ere cond Hoa, rl pata: a anagrry police F zeres should be confugale Pl aie: ~ nthe partial Pad-fon of. eaten aertdue € ve eal: ~ ot = Numaator 4 aliromivates porynonae Shoutel -cavtttg ena — -ahest powleag of Numenato®l 4 dinominalosr Poly norke/é Shoid be Aitfer by atmos uate “Wik conctition probt multffle Poles p zergs ar Anpénite - > pales iponeryg of Numenraton $ eltnomtuater Polynowtale theild pe iffer by atmast unity » “his cond?" Paohi iis autkiple FoIgs 4 eB lat tg” 0 a 9 Oo ° Oo o o o oe ° o ° e °o °o e oe ° e eo e 3 e e e e e e eo a e oe7 Total woof Polgt tn “the -furclon Ghould te eval 4 “Total NOLop- Ze Role:~ 206) aleviele} ato THO Auf as)=A(s) + (5) | y= yes -¥209) Bez) yyes) = yes 711 Peewee eee ants oF eta aa mn teorinued anit. aa Moms reaes + Romenall of— Pole at %0 <— Sieeanceeeeineet ntl Rote zah= ban Sst MO Bn + ayy pre tA ntl, rp stace Re = a e jx pregene ar 00 Orne ss ae cel By Long divisor s ZylS zis. bette + ) ue aa s Bw 29 = wy ar ee —( = 2s)-HS 8 pregent ar Numeraltor © HSS) el tot corsesponge +0 (ApH), 'S” v3 Anguctor od Now -fo% culmittance fun! Yet) = GUDF WD YaS) =GHKSyt Yl a woe (ere mab ae in) 215) 5. Bl igaered ty 03) | 2) to cart lcccccccececescvccceccecceccecses:10 19 0900 Poe COO CLA ELOOEECEOOeEELD000000 Y¥5)= YG) HS © T H ] co 2+ Remove of poe soy” ool ys? zips otis splot See ara) BY torq BVvSiCL ... Cowergud 10 XU) poieje PRtentat Onryiy 2)= bo Ry S where 62 = Je PO + 2S) ( a0 = 2¢s)—ko e Kop xb) 92) She 28) = 3. oo ) 4 + Dinominst ‘ y rat conecforal'" fo Ampedence ston SH ea So tea capadter . zs) Wo — | 2st) ne pedene fan aa fon Am) she pixedure, what we AS det A pynftrance ten" v)> ho + WO... Yt) = yo~ & 3 Renova cf Conhugae pair of: POE 2S) = 45) +09) 2o)= x21 zj(S) > pore > tI 4 = # oe 40) = Sigs Dineys rye ghoutd be HEC K=K=K)zs)o E+ £ t shu SSW 2) = ars Zi) = Yat “hat wezagt when ved We are. removiig the ead mremavig paalel Compa ef- yee we ave 1 Zes)e 4er2) ever at Jy ae The steps are Sane (1 ad YO=N (+29) ye YW \ = whoo TS) mitance Foner xe —— Ay Removat_of- contlanl += 2US= K+ ZylS) tts) = 2f3)—K p obtain nanyenn reece Tt rerovel Kw fiom =IS)" 2S jooeeeseseeecoeesoen0000008059990000ececeeeeaeoeoeooceocaooenoeoeoseo0000nq0000o 000 yige Rew) 3 = YON attain Peaster T% re form Of 20S) 2 aye (SR) Sy) csy(st3) SO!" Ep astesy 1 OAM 8— Numerator Poller > of pole ar %° poe at ontgin f prevent - consugate pair Poe are present * (+9) (44) _ ko + akS_+-HS S(34+9 ag eS ek Wt Bie Za — Ko (343) ++ ghs( tHSCPFR)) Oe ae cry = S(st3) SPD @ pinominator Fouers Hence removal| Le i iiBY Compa tog oth Site Sie . % - Ko = x9? 3 + yaE ake> + ms oi gle Get - FB HO “is P43 3E 43 e wl hte +8 28) 44 V4 ~ 4s) ste Je oe a. feacrer—i fom + YoY, ee ba + eo See a SCO*3) : In? BE ere we concentrate. on Aalmittante ao : so ype St) (ea SFY) Says) Bgiven FS) = NEE or emmple atne yer FAN TT mate fom came funy Rutthiged fo foaite ar aap xi) Fe. qiven obtaln tre foactert second 11” 26) function yee ' doatter =F 40% cbs Ce * ap YO % given to obtatn “he & used: aie ctor power < pinowina / gfoce nume' goes at ® se ook pretent” 2 atk preter i a ong © recent Geauga pat of IE ae ais + BS yor Aap sak 7 oS ce ON ghd_ = ass Te ET (37) (o+4) SH} a s(ee) = ans(erH) paescerd) a —s cooec@eo@a@oeoecoeooeooeccocoooaoeo0o00q0q0q90q0 9°09 00°©OCCOOSEOCOHOHHB6EO888H80H08990095500 f ti og aK\e : Se ae aya Hy¥S= ae ar es : ple a ee Sy - a & att ye) aie ah 2548 Te gel tb LONerwerk « caver’, ~ form aie ee Removable of of pole ah i correspond i! t to Ampedence funt Fe pretentY NOW EN funn whfch UE rel His)= 20) — ye at (al thowon fy algg) 3 PP! op removed of- Foleo: = pole fe replaced 280 $ noe Zo c a viceveraa) aes aie 0 Removed xen recutrant neo dune = YOCUGED mie aga reckprecal Of yals) = ag BCS) = eis) YO= 2309) 9) CD fe Yy C= as) ye funn wee ate o- Hys EDey ecco ing tre 29 oat) = VStar ection fe cealted this proce dure. e redLc Network: ~~ Cauer IL fom: ee eee eee Removal cf POE at oaigin i 2Zg(5)= %(S) (FOL, ee Mae MpG)= Ls) es no) = yt) er yu 23 0)= to 7 ZyV= 23 W- CY. he = LA Xue ¥5) : a Ysesd= ¥ wer ® 50s) = Ny dat AWS Can be algo eatenge Hy (S)> St) ‘oe rey 5 2 4 50) © aren caver 24.0 i DP qy= Be sass ty ae % ‘i tory of. eAPONSION = Age for conttouel -fract®o ' a aa es, LoS H4 vere poe aro SPrags sto eS cauer~L form : — Removal le aro ea of fe haat 5 roe ea yor A+ SRY att en aS : “Bag A vie are cievting 1th YE)” 0 HAP kn ae + An tif -fomm alremare’y Yee fons a t agetarer J- | ° Sts Hy eee a8 yy © o tare lo aiven ampedence ann 600k | © ae are tnane form en of aration | ° havi pole at oreqtn: & 82 Yee aly 6 le Yor sar stesso @ nese anductor te comes 204" “te | - : S(842) tw ohare fh Dees le cquerL FoI) 5 & 44 — ope 3 ay we do expansion from Hi seg I 1 @ powcr to looge-t poer, Sinte @ oh aceon Le orgm Kir ome erase Yeu Veo le lo eur an cover F089 va st a ie procedure § aeverse me | oO 31 ety, ou afm # FO remove th Thi io ge ae erg | Lee egy esulfeenh F uur were e 2 2F re . eden ° Pb on oo Bly | : 23155) san 4st (@ oN | : 7 hea ate e ole +85 yo e ee e a9 3 +8 ( mY : ee ° 94 ie ' °5: BF sr ncbeie Abe ft acring rhe #0 2) Ban ¢ ge gem “hor e285 WE eat ey See aoe G4 ec Ni? Ase ate Po ules = FOR 4— peg” : See war) zgo= + 2 (8) ee noe 6) : 0 Fe OY nl (3) rh 25.6)2 : RC )= (Ko) 4. 2 tere + Jet he ate arn L eepret ye replac ad Koo (a Du +Ko Now Yee roaster form 3— YO Het a sey eT a we concentrate. on the Admittance Funcbfon- hon bavi fins} tare, grep hes _ game “Fant &— anelt fol ow b—? ed NF e eo = Woeceee@oceocoooecoooc2a9gq0099N909N00003 908£— Zee k & ec & SS Yeh RG Rit, R =, __s = fel Cte) «SH = & ~f- ~ ROHR) pole ~2ero plot OP both fe not soe nod BAO tome mod tp rcationg ga tbaan 17 OA? - +> ; yg Re= THe) =) Yee = TE + “ por e710 Plot & ae mer ten for we a fai “eqme matremaltca| ‘Bren ever pole 2er0 plot oe 247 Ie i use x Punckion , Sence bol be Wes ae tion wengion “veon BS Uas . aes é Dp Sy Ye =2 Het St oe a yes + Koo we 7 Ot Sty KS wl = ” we Hf) oi? PE OOD, one ® a th - WY Fm M 2 ee a a= va artes AYE Adent ical There by Zee £ Nec Polexesin Pr ee uel for pth, forctttys Same mathemAb al font yteol NMooceeeeeeconeee0e000000000099090009000GPRopentnss Oe me: # 20e wy 2 KS +s ie “Ss “ist 6 eae Ob jar r a Sa ty: arrgiinel pole (or) ze10 should be Pregenl até 076 #2: efthel pole wa) zer0 ghoul be paegent at Anfinfte 3 FER And xemgs ane aspian: alteanatel $e NE Jed an Pparttalfractfon of gySangion Recidue, Id be fagttive eal: me notes = SCX oe ampedence fe nothing bu- a ehaeactance » £O z & repiaced bY Brg 6 Ceepiaced by fo" Sx = Ko 2 ee + Hay ~ 89 LT gay oO ee 2. 21 HY 2 NOW = Mak + aly + AO) as wr = ee oe = te aed ae so dk So ok + 4ve bem, fo ope $e E' —. | Sfp 20 slope ic HE] * } )- u Mae Poopentigs OF 26? 4 the. pore 22290 plot OF ee “Ser othe cat a - 3 ege= ele fj Qty oye one" ee OF ong re " Ga to pole, A domes carticalyy feye ( 1eoitie 12 PS©G©C08CC8CCCO2O0G820002000000009090903900 to OriSin® Te ay present oftrex at Oat Co!) nesr 4fae oneal semarged alrenately clog ~e Tolar - einai WRINOIGf palgh = DiaINo'¢ xerpt ea, esi POICE & xergh Enel 79hett cattical F100" Vs due fo ze10/ fr may poresent effher- oe mnpintke cosy Neaney t anpmnite - 2 Mere a ais : mw S pee" ra 40} stope & TO’ ( oefee Dy, ) ave Yet t emiehe ve (0) > Yo) | <6 yuo 2%” Yee! Re io ver | fe (st & — Pooperit Tek OF pls) & Yee a a poiezeto pateatn of both ae same’ w fame mathe matical OF Gon be ude nS we Keo = Keres Bee a Yee) = al so oe) oe te Lowes coribical rove uentf Cre a (cp) negrer to oct a 4 srorent erther at ONY + Soar ae ~ve veal ate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | a poleg & xen9g sae avenged aireanately VO" . . ee plop poet : ¥ POCA ezetok ave alteroale * E4ual > No:oF e104” t reset HG hes coftical Foecquency © due +o Pole, it may FI citer at antinte (ex) nearer to anftatte - ae fo ire vi adceysyel ate ‘oppos' . ae Beenie gnsiead of ~ve" Y d zeus) Ze) + Yer te We’ are so das COCO HOC OCOOOOOORODOODOOO000D000000€SO [EM s+ [ze el”) Net pete CT poster < ¥,,0) ‘ Yee” Yee Len|o" anthe iene wecencenrrale 09 the ‘i ion om A oe rane ar co eudthen acinitfaace-wunclin & Gren repeated ae fo yolS)® B5¢s) Le yt = A HS 3 (S)= ¥2(9— bl I~ RE SELL) Rem wal Of Conttant from 205) my Cantleaiel Of-removd the Anduror we remove the zett(lor ' ae) XQ) = ACS) Ba sist i L Yt) * 5s) 22 one at © From YS) og Skepey- Removal of- Fol a pany os) ye yats- G3) agate Se qe tape ined + auerform— meang aiaye ladder ho Fs eet the 1eclor after removing capac tor agao we ome i 1 + gt 9 : 24 (> 28) — © const Lb Y= za) aw tO gy 4 yg HS —(Hes) & sz A 1° ; until the oral Funu 8 stepty qsrepe) are wert aroma cfum we 6&9 vealfged: based 09 realize the Nfs ¥ f That mee for Le mee Rc ne ie! game’ repiaced by ikl Cceococ@e@eeoeoeecoocoeocoeo oe cooguggoo0q0 00900 €WE rep g.step2 are aifemarely Patel unt tng tof dunn is geatted es REN |W tee BO egal: CSuer- fren = esta ae og elt ao i 4 atl ye ap ongin’ +4 vey OF POS ween: —— Ly yg ts)= co — | Ley wo c29- Ga); YalS)= Hs) Ss a om sshepev s- Reraoval of pole From x6) © XeSI= ZC8)- * Yt ats) ep Remove op- constant fom YG) %O> yts)— Ri OS P _ fot Ay w= 43 oS 4,09 ts) 4o° %O- "a = y(S) HR Ks a nto® tf ) Be an Vireo. Yo —" nots eens a =the ereme' zs) amasvelpy CP > capactror § eststoe ae =e called ap "ladder “id req votre totalfan'' To) NWKE:- srepy4 sreper ae aiteroaey &P' eatigal- %e “cry oot) jen OE coooe@eeoeaeeoeoeceoea eoeceoonn0oneaso000000079 @ 2 oy) obtatn foastel 2 F SC crapan © aay rer re" ¢ y= AY) 185 Set wer eae aaryeepe™ aed ro ar” se pesoze * = now 1)= & Jt Gy 3 ts % 2 Y= “re SI eae L Sc ash gece oasten|-Tfosm yes= (SP) = ot) sty SHS “eH ASt “et _ eSwery) & Ent ay az YS gat Ye es “gel 7 Sth By Sti sth 1+ 2 ate 3th Ss ! ket Se ike ae ine " yar Beier es pcr re wprctionef- an flake “atl the eLEAUBE I ve! Te ee partial ate ea te ve a Expansion occura tren gp for 1. S © f L T* 4 ye | cccecececececccecececten vescscsesa 9 ooo SeeeeeoooveoeaaegGeoOeRDTIDDODDNNN > abe pousiole f gai ve rire increate the gain: “L, reactive Nin since entre raed en ea re ecg ee We have 5 prerd bated On fepn + T wnupasc.pcited a ayigh PACE KITE 3. Band pase frien 4 Band éhimingtion-trirer 9” apace gilrer + sg easecl on he cooniprens resent Nir ye a active _~pflfer & pactive : © “active pfiret” Gnssté of- opesational anplttter 4 spain 1 sl Generaty andyctor % ef used inthe active Fret inc sige je bul cost % NZh + Bun we Active Filter tt E Pawille to fncrease gale na sve3) we pact rire” cpnsistt of seteg—Raanel cectfong Cnecctive fied a8 ge Baced on the operating Frey “Fikes ae. claceé 2 Nr 2 er note + . aaa a Bee (on BSE cor) Bard Elimination filter ies i, x av Beted en empone agouti — “Adv Filey are claLsifiel 5- APE 1 : Lbwpacs Filkeal wanie dectgning. LPF aways 'c Fe srint Benet YW pe ees 094 TL ely ety @ Grier order UE ot ofeler LPF ores elem ning p00 ene) 8 or etlteys: ay ile clestgninge HGheC aqned ire ire ink ae Jey a 209 void vesy Y sotto pen =) vpce= O 10 sopacs Fire id ae,2) High pass 4iRei~ wine cigtyning HPF Slurp capultor eres : : ae Heme fo aE hs be i i ee c Teqmeretricat-T £m" eT °o cae any too-fiem Comperent’ YE PReot we capaci! a © campedence, § often low ampedence path FoA Wygr-Preané ‘ 9) wots) = ve(S) a. . VY S ek o A w20 =) were © fe oe Jo = 2 woren® : we J vo) eet) GE - : ° top| pact °e i ss ge ° parapas ectten t . : tee ease : ae mae conattion Z : ° 3 HPF t . i = ckepl Pas J bb acoH2 ? : A ty Up 3 _ ° 4) és. vo@) ctor poe | tho? le T eet ° pee e fgtecceaeeecceriae and PASeRTTTE Prorkees e two dence on" ames " pres e BPE % obtained wiith 2) Combination Of Upe @ HPF: aid curer- —freyyy of PE grou be qreathen CUO frog of HPF & anne BPE ftasr Crete FEU" Ard cocond Cutoff fev } At Gna bared OF FED MI" Se pigh Ampecere for ail other Yep te , “ fB.careuisted wont & ted worto "Parane)__ : 1 caleula w=0 ~) =O { ore : coe Wa2e jpoeee e . let YesOnen @a o ° ecoseeoo0eceoeoeoooeoongcaco0oeo5s0gn[ be 1) 19 % Band Gliminatioy Fitters ue 2 9 Wer wt) 24 QL al at 820 =) Mort ee cet \ tee eee WORM uae 7 a sreh VooH2- —— 2€; lS) BEF offers High Tmpedence 497 some Band of- rege whith are Afeg fm id 2 at nthe +ig.ure * [ras] act Deas et door inthe Sigu to? | arg par per & obtained withe combination) a ee CR how pace and High Pace firer and abot prey" OF Hee Ybnid be geZtertan Qure¢p Frew" of LPE* ; ei fF : or # 4 aroP EN fava (e ty ft a fn Rx TERED LOpast + HgnPate ote 2 A | gpe= Hg rat Capa BE eae) Have toocutee Hee Bre: ~ he fier top ¢ menpas ° = rua] sep Se Ft pass gap to Upe fecond * = ‘ 9 LPF _fedierfast, ge Ares pastlond g then crepland 7 nent PAH “shopband ¢, the ractband > “io -iett LURE near HPF We Secegcraaee one # er Eick ofder_¢/ (rer PEST seond order fiirer TT" . he et PRY > BEF : TERE ot Ht east ee oe 2 per V 5 ANS % =o sup? > ® aroc) iat eraste “Fras b rs Atl Pass ps Be Ra : Praste= which fiber having shen Zerel AP the ovigin * xe URE noir @PF* wieemar they ae ANU the aves iong * note yy) pact FATEr 7 ZeiO ae present in the aight bale of planezy POS ave precent ‘inthe Lepr half of plane « QB poleg frevat are tynmetay abou gw até * nid c aS. @ adentity Type of: the AIEEE He oid Show oseepaa amr, Hee suen yer, — wots) a w= = Wy(s)= O — po stor vis) ve WEED SO — npter— es Ke fet ar ir [— false Op w= 00 =) Andackor oferckt pecs] SEN Simian yp wz0=) Xe= te =D so Te'G LPF carcitor HH opendirceT Ate w=00 => capacitor Sr” = AL WEO!~ ge — vy) AdentiFy Type oF cats $s, Sx AL w= 4 eee fi wots) PAS! Ves) lye CULE DPoeeeeeeesegovccccon eeecoo0o00000000N00€ao 0 ° o o ° o o o ° o ° ° ° e ° ° . le@ a w=0 ~) Yo=0 wie a BPE? w=00 =) Y=O PO ®@ Adentify kypeor he Filer of the ae Nheo en wee oa rT ‘ So fet H0 ieeneeh wy) 10200 Po gt ve) eo ULL Th Bg GRF (OVBEF pace filFer s— Now Checte__Whethe( tl ‘6 4 BEF Or) All 5) ave to ah Ye “congusion we ha one mooie #12” wpe secon Fi 28 @ Cfo) conttaclon, 5D eeqiven erlter eq BEF “O) o wpe) =ttoP comecpendée 4 to th pirer —7 pas Nate! when Band elinmaton Fflley enitaree only Fei tev e mnon fete ayo called oe "NOCD AI tite". ic fa t fo Pi vo'S)e. mete _ qs gs wb en y rps) wv © (WS) ee “ey a ae a eoco0oseogoo0guqgN0N9N00 053096 3 e:® =— VQ 2 t = BB BIE Me Oho vey OE Wah ne 1 yr Bre cae? 4] 48) V> > + sack? Wy 2° 9d (eet Zz fe = She e Qt a | go oe ze 29 e ov sk 4 vot lia =f e Yo es, TS e ‘colt © Sh Vi Ven =o” ae zn, e Ve=?) (1 VRe~ oc Wetete Vege Ud) (R) : ye AetBas Te! e Rg = A pn aye wr ele = \ve4342 R- Nac + at e i wie vee Oo A e e RW we PR 2 MoO age Be DB aCcoceoeeeeaeoecoeooeeoeaeoegoov00n2g00c00009 Vy = 5-Me f = 5 +10 SM 2% ae = SRAS% = ae 40 P08 RiSxe Jose] = 5 me = ste | =50) wete ew = Awe bh Ra> < + eo 2 AERA) 8h 8 sty GO x (44) 3 qg:@ — x) ae gow st an At i ¥ =D zr %| Sy Man, Lt = + peek eet 00 a 105 joel *!eg ™ to ae a orion Re Ye lgro gs Ge | ee : ‘ * . c= pF + | «=o 9 %p= 7170 Bls,c0 i C cj efie))on ay oe zs) = ae Re ai Ue (tena) i . ct) b+ Geo} 5 woo 2 2s)=2 8 ee Ha a) es as a 4 (ov) oe} 2(9)= fs 2. 9&6 2 ae 33 g 5 BS DOCCCCCOOCOOFTOESCOO9780200909909099000c 36 Wy) = (eons Bs) “et vO) Frome HK IS? s) + Le wd) Crome? sont) (A+ 1069 +1 a) 10° I a Sr este ao Miz hp Ei + hee Sie hy yt Weve Was = we 4 ar0 coooeeoeecoo bAynie Ans2c = Compare wr “mst b oH ae | el e 42 2 Zpco02) ene EP 1h cleandetel b~ parneaycke =M) cy z2=gt) qed zr=0 eQ mg id ss 7 Ls (arth? Lok t Re a equ RCRD RytRots giro inate xg fo a 7 e@ortior @ rejated + nor fof D 50 DB woreng (Sgt aint)? ° PCSCCCeOSCECOCKOSTECSCOCAOGOCORDOT O90 90909000002 e g ooo 00¢ # |e > LA rp [sa a = ze Bao sine fn pines element “2 o ° eal? oo mation ef- te gale a ea on MS” oe conventional — 3 ~ Sos a < BD ve b e XY ye pare soe) Ye Yrs tre Ie e©oeocoegeoesceveooeceoeoesoeogo0nod ‘yoann ens: Taye Dam yyy Yor po b= 0701 Vi a We eoiaiir poo = 9 ovoyrve Lotte, . = @e as Sy @ >| yee yee 0 © woe 7G “© Given data or ] Mar Su a G6) (ys) =e (28) 1 0) Woz 2 HOGI i - tot Le ys) = zi wut 2a) > wi) = 5 0)DOs == aie : os) 2au 1) + HBO =o ‘SEE , we ay B+ 8 aco) @® ywtp= —C Cass) \ SH Saas at rapt] ae aye ~ B26998L= = ow37FOUT EC ~0'0k3E r y= %—AIORs Se y= 2 1 ATs) Le 1 ; 41 ® Mop stare means wilingut 1 Ae Ani Ral valued « es) -2)8) wats SE (hs) a. “gn rol, we. conciusted 1 The neh currenya * ‘0 sitet Sa exec) wk o © ere), (98) +4 (3h forwop ei ro yy FES) San sry “+ IBEABAB)T 7 20 HAS Gren (O Bz “ab Ie 4h 48) +B +1208 wo 7@) Me by 4 be Spe byte Meoeeeeeeesecocoeaaccoeoocoooaooo0q0g99g 09009099 0c0C02h) =0 «b <3 he 403" u(t EE For ODi® we. -' Anaryrié ie seecemgind Ra rb! Since Age 2am Z ZeHA 7 2p 272 cocooeeeeceooocoecoosaoogoooo000q00000zN000eit ane = aL be eo csr) Crs) eo seort are. eaigentel ' 1 ReAIY chimp 0 : ‘ical : \o:8 ag 2 aed ° ge , or . ae ° pe Awe! io i) T o® . ia® wht) = : ° \ An ® vot = ° a © ans: ° Re® ase | qg@ mre GO gah = PE . u : i : | bce hE uae oe : +t :@ ° ejepoale : _ QO Re anegnier SOWPAE = REET eer) : D a a : # “i Feitemle & xe ° fol =. ora NO? OF * ve) G45» BS O'S) me ' i: OO" ays aS ° afc w Gwe le Braz & 2H Ast] se, os ° ste = Sts | fs e +! een PE Wor Sauer ls asl ° Pa asd cswls 3) 7 ‘ peatis OF Ye & Zee. aa — - ) te : “so egeeyeacarenen ‘0% * aac _ : — ost ci ' 2H yor? 0) ~ eo. Qo. ai By (eo) 11) B ° ° ° ni @ 9° j ° i o;, } QO}. cs) 4 SH o z y 7 | nue Ys 7 a 0 | wre ° o ft oe ey * Sy o ZV) ovO- yal y Te? Sy 2 e | a BY e y= $e ° 2th, e y a = Ot sam [ ; j - 2b7! e #2 . e | ecoeeoooneco 2 aetna © wen thal asl 2 3(04608) C9408 43) sO AH 2200) 2(0)=348+1, pet we 3tatt 8 dee |e ou oS % 2192 2S ap z2tsy= PRED YOE BE ap xs) OE dia BHORERE v lel rnt:@) = ee cls en pagtive real tans yereal{uo’ aFao Tisee ; fo a qe graph Qugprented cancidence Mataie & uriaue + ‘ aph can be neprecent ql anfpamation negatelin the @aPh : cee in oo & called as -Bugmented Ancidence > Tree 4 — co-Tree a TS Tee ganch (mF) —> Vink (chord) ecoeoeacooooeodooo0000gs0090 00900 (v3 dorms Tee) * cotree!— complementery wee steebYanthy we rane which Fong awe pe calle) ate andie@ed tay ~trer tine * ermg 3 corree 447576) : : "tee brands st g | ae o i a —- a = ipeoeeseecoce / ]ee Re We ee re poeeeeeeeecooeoeooog0000000099099909900 Unk! re beth walioh $3 ekcconnedted Hom Wee fe callled “Aint - “rhe combinablon oF Ainks win foemg a coMee: the fk adicared by Tine « ao hpr is all , FI- comecds a comected -caloqraph. “rep 3 Taee'- Tae & Be ¢ tur ft aloes not CO redeg OF “he TIAAy Tree. = vd) . connected tegrm A ior ave olf is Ore! he » ca connections wonton. fee" ee mie oe eo-mee” worplementat —— ia n co-Tree = gy15 16% ae are. gancth ighith for 4 Kes N= not ex ae ae Nia Fe unenpin “nen Extum nar ‘kot Niwot F having game. porarches' Roop trees pasctble or = a Nw forma having Some Ainttaboys + yu “the mad es * ats ection ghould lee Precenr whe 4 t des * 2) no repented wrearch a present Hid i100 NOL 2”? 2 W gacce rep mneang at shouted constett & 8 6 ok dom bith ‘the Graph she no: Gf a Treec peectbie f me: > awe con't use the above a NEG yep: Formula -foa rere ography rreet=y =I6 qret=4¥ ='6 Stnce fom Fist Graph there $ no died Connection bfw 4%C Bnd. foY the second. 7iph aePatel brand. wit pretent wyg +200 neckr. Total NO‘of Rees possibie. _ | aar| ston Any Grape where = seduced Anctdence Marte Tiesi- matrix :- Devetope. Ties Mabrix for the Nw Shoo - “steptD!- pevelope 2 Graph for given NIW" stepeyi- ne ; pereloPe. at Wee for a farh step) a 8) Adenatfy total Novof- free. JA4 z a qa" for Stereo: a Tee tel eveope amet SHEPG):~ © afenstey total novo Basic _eulseta Com? AE cubsels Cos) -P-Cuiselt + ree Da cr ypuare Ciltig 9 cet epelements my aeirr” When Eve ue ‘Sou Prewnt we ae “thoulad CONG of On} ONE Wee banth: ceocoeaeeooeceoocneceeoeoooogoooo00000Nq0qg00N 0090NY TOMA NOIOP asic Curgets fe equal to Total NOt Tee branthey TATA eyual > (1) Caer : ; esmaeeeil o % Basic Curper oltmection ff come af ~he THE krarch DinecHan- ha i Vee it 0 Zi ehs] 6 fale 5 el +1 Cee 6 fala T yay 4 . 9 ec] Jef, | I > Bs 2 Pp 4 ° " a fa ° t es Unit OITA \ oe Cle ta tert 7 aa if ae awe entire satan Gn we cleviced MID 0 iabsttem0 TKO Marticeds : ° Aste Aer sis splitting FC useful to atertfy Brig tte® vohe Tretel mahi finrthe gven 6 ° ° ° 1 ° } ° ° ° epee ge eet Te Pg TCS ° gq 000 e 1192 5 qial ; 091 e g ao) e 9 : 119-0 i — ° = 100 wg i: Q00 aang? — =) q O00 AGid e ape Sse2 GP A481 g Gro Id} oO e 1 e e Q c