Professional Documents
Culture Documents
by
Judith Mann
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Acknowledgments
I would like to express my gratitude to Nenad M. Djurdjević and Julia Lincoln for their
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Introduction
The aim of this paper is to establish a significant connection between Ancient Egypt and the
Negev Desert (Canaan) during the Age of Copper, by exploring both the context and contents of
the Nahal Mishmar Treasure Hoard. Emphasis is placed on ancient Egyptian mythology in
describing the sacred objects found in the hoard along with their vibrational signatures revealed
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The Nahal Mishmar Hoard From The Ein Gedi Temple Of The Negev Desert
This paper postulates that the symbolic meaning of the Hoard can be found by looking to an
Egyptian connection with the Ghassulian culture of the Age of Copper, reinforced by energy scans
of the sacred objects.
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1. The Chalcolithic Hoard From Nahal Mishmar, Israel, In Context , R. S. Moorey, World Archaeology vol.
20, no. 2, Hoards And Hoarding (Oct., 1988), pp. 171-189, Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
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Fig.: Negev Desert Map
During the Chalcolithic period, the Ein Gedi temple was the closest major ceremonial site to
Nahal Mishmar, seven miles away. Though the temple was discovered in what is now the country
of Israel, it was decidedly not a monotheistic proto-Hebrew sanctuary, but more likely dedicated
to a trio of Egyptian deities, leaning towards the feminine.
Indications set forth by Dr. A.J.M. Osgood, are that the Ein Gedi temple was a sacred
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pilgrimage site for the Ghassulian culture. The Ghassul were a people who migrated from Egypt
to the Negev during the First Dynasty or earlier Pre-Dynastic times and erased by an invading
confederation of Mesopotamian kings in approximately 1,870 BCE.
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2. Journal of Creation 2(1):77–87 April 1986 - http://creation.com/the-times-of-abraham
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Across from the gatehouse was the main rectangular structure, its brick exterior most likely
plastered, then painted with pink and dark blue waves. This probability is based upon the
evidence of a decorated stucco fragment found outside the temple wall line. Inside, a long narrow
room is entered through a doorway in the long wall.
On either side of the doorway were narrow stone benches. Opposite the
door, a semi circular altar was built of stones, in the center of which a
round stone pedestal might have supported a sacred object, such as a
trinity tower of 'crowns' from the Nahal Mishmar Hoard or a pottery idol.
Though few pottery artifacts were found during the initial excavation of
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the temple, a cave containing a large cache of Chalcolithic pottery was
discovered by archeologist Roi Porath on the lower cliff beneath the Ein
Gedi spring in 2007. These artifacts included 200 cornets filled with
beeswax, with bees identified in Egyptian mythology as ' The Tears of Ra'.
The ritual functions of the wax may have included being carved into
magical amulets or sealing sacred vessels.
Ein Gedi's unique ceremonial objects seemed to have been hidden when the temple was under
threat by invading Mesopotamians. The cave, located in a steep ravine, is accessible only by ropes
and ladders, so it would have made a Trinity Tower of Crowns good hiding place. So good that this
amazing collection remained hidden for 5,500 years. Radiocarbon dating showed that they were
from the Chalcolithic or Copper Age, between 4,000 and 3,500 BCE.
The hoard contained 442 different objects: 429 of copper, six of hematite, one of stone, five of
hippopotamus ivory, and one of elephant ivory. Several objects show signs of repairs. In some,
attached decorations are missing, also a clear indication that many of the objects had been in use
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for a long period of time before being concealed in the cave. Though David Ussishkin wrote that
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the ritual objects utilized at Ein Gedi “remained enigmatic ,” if we examine their symbolic
details in the context of ancient Egyptian cosmology, their meanings then come to light.
Many copper objects in the hoard were cast using the lost-wax process. This earliest known use
of this complex technique employed an arsenical copper, which is harder than pure copper, easily
cast.
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3. Porat et al. 2007, 28-29
4. The Chalcolithic Temple in Ein Ghedi Fifty Years After Its Discovery , www.academia.edu/6229428/
5. D. Ussishkin (1971): The 'Ghassulian' Temple in Ein Gedi and the Origin of the Hoard from Nahal
Mishmar
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The Iconography of the 'Crown'
Among the ten copper “crowns” of the Nahal Mishmar Treasure, one stands out because of its
three-dimensional symbols. The striking artifact is topped with two vultures, a flat-topped finial
and two portal-like rectangles, each capped by a pair of ibex horns and what may be rows of tiny
musical horns on their outer sides to honor the power of sound. As an example of such power
many centuries later, the sound, the vibrations of multiple horns brought down the walls of
Jericho. The base of the 'crown' which might be considered as a stand-like altar, is inscribed with
abstract palm fronds and is open on one side.
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6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_Life
7. www.author.com/education/pdf/SimoParpola-TheAssyrianTreeOfLife.pdf, p. 165
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Bar-Adon's descriptions suggest that the 'crowns' represent temple facades.
There are indeed representations of temples with horns embedded in their walls.
One appears on a cylinder seal impression from Abydos, Egypt representing divine
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power in general. If this interpretation is correct, then this is an early example of
associating altars with horns of both types.
Independent researcher N. M. Djurdjevic, links the symbols of the Nahal Mishmar Crown with
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with the Mother Goddess of Antiquity. In Old European but also Minoan civilization, the image
of the Mother Goddess was often associated with birds, horns of consecration, and the crescent.
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8. Bar-Adon, The Cave of the Treasure, pp. 132-33. 39
9. Epstein C. (1998): Aspects of Symbolism in Chalcolithic Palestine; pp. 22-35 in Archaeology in the
Levant; Essays for Kathlyn Kenyon, Aris & Philipps. 1998
10. Private message
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And what was the spiritual climate at other Near
Eastern sacred sites that paralleled Mother Goddess
worship at Ein Gedi during the Chacolithic Era? No
surprise to find that the predominant animal symbol
found on pottery at these sites was the ibex with its long
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curving horns, holding sway for over a thousand years.
Consider the Moon’s repeated cycles, the waxing and then waning and then brief ‘death’ before
the cycle is repeated. These were accepted as symbolic of the Earth’s annual Winter’s death and
then Spring revival, and by extension Man’s own eternal cycle: Life to Death then Rebirth.
The male Ibex may be seen as the consort of the Moon Goddess, a permutation of the Great
Goddess. The Ibex, holding the moon in its curved horns completes its heavenly journey for thirty
nights or so, then disappears, dying for a night or two, only to miraculously reappear to begin the
process all over again. As independent researcher, Richard Dibon-Smith pointed out, “Once one’s
short life has run its course, one dies, then is reborn—into a new being, ready to live another life
here on earth, perhaps born into the same family, or at least the same village. A strong defense
can be made, I believe, for a religion based on Reincarnation, considering the evidence of their
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own eyes: as the celestial ibex proves time and time again that it will never die.”
The transition from cultures based upon Mother Goddess worship to those paying homage to
Father Gods can be marked by the hiding of the sacred treasure of Ein Gedi from the conquering
Mesopotamians. The beginning of the Bronze Age and the end of the Copper Age.
While the role of the Mother Goddess was changing to conform to the radical needs of the new
age, her companion the ibex was no longer needed. From the former female signs of fecundity and
life-giving, the moon and its horns, the sign of virility ascended. The male’s role of life-creating
was ceded to the Bull and the Ibex whose horns top the portals of the Nahal Mishmar Crown was
now ‘dethroned’.
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11. Dibon-Smith, Richard The Ibex as an Iconographic Symbol in the ancient Near East
12. Ibid, p. 14
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Fig.: Energy Scan #1 of Nahal Mishmar Crown. Cr. Judith Mann
Multi-colored waves with an emphasis on pink and red suggest great energy is emanating from
the crown (Appendix II identifies the colors associated with the energy fields).
Magnificent numinous rings emanates from the Nahal Mishmar Crown. The first detail that
hits the eye is the pink energy stream with a vivid deep blue center surrounding a golden cloud of
central intelligence. The reader might recall that the side of the main Ein Gedi structure was
painted in similar pink and dark blue waves. Such a connection stretching across millennium,
suggests that the importance of this crown cannot be underestimated. The portals, vulture and
finial express a vital, living presence.
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Fig.: Energy Scan #3 Nahal Mishmar Crown
Cr. Julia Lincoln
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13. Private message
14. Morrow S.B. (2015): The Dawning Moon of the Mind, Farrar, Strauss & Giroux
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Fig. Line Drawing of Nahal Mishmar Crown with Symbols. Cr. Helene J. Kantor
A drawing of the 'crown' by Helene J. Kantor shows that the crown originally supporting three
finials. This trinity reflects the threefold nature of existence or the ' Power of Three' as put forth
by Thoth, the Egyptian god of wisdom and balance. In this instance, the three finials amplified by
the two portals, seem to represent life, death and rebirth and strongly suggests that this sacred
artifact might have been utilized in funerary rituals.
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The opening lines of The Emerald Tablets, attributed to Thoth , read:
Three is the mystery, come from the great one,
Hear, and light on thee will dawn.
In the primeval dwell three unities,
Other than these none can exist.
These are the equilibrium, source of creation,
One God, One Truth, One Point of Freedom.
Three come forth from the three of the balance,
All Life, all Good, all Power.
Three are the qualities of God in his light-home
Infinite Power, Infinite Wisdom, Infinite Love.
Three are the circles (or states) of Existence:
The Circle of Light where dwells nothing but God,
and only God can traverse it,
The Circle of Chaos where all things by nature arise from Death,
The Circle of Awareness where all things spring from Life.
All things animate are of three states of existence,
Chaos or death, liberty in humanity, and felicity of Heaven.
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The Goddess Mut/Mwt – The Vulture
As a primal deity, Mut was associated with waters from which everything was born through
parthenogenesis. Waves painted on the Ein Gedi sanctuary would have expressed the presence of
the Goddess.
Mut forms part of the circuitry of the cosmos that nourishes both planets and stars with
electricity. The hieroglyphs for Mut describe propagating negative charge by a process familiar to
the Griffon Vulture known as 'scavenging'. Scavenging is a misunderstood practice, often
affiliated to either sight or the olfactory system, it is however far more complex. Vultures are
known to interact with other animals to find their food and have an ability to find isolated
carcasses and gather quickly in large numbers in areas where they had previously been scarce.
Some native African peoples believe correctly that they find their food through telepathy. Vultures
fly high spread out at high altitudes where they form a communications network over the
landscape.
It is theorized that the brain of the vulture can produce and detect longitudinal electromagnetic
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waves of the nervous system to at least a limited degree. Scavenging requires the detection of
longitudinal electromagnetic waves from surrounding animals and other vultures. Knowing
precisely when it is safe to scavenge is the most vulnerable moment in a vulture's life.
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16. B. D. Ussishkin (1978): The 'Ghassulian' Temple in Ein Gedi and the Origin of the Hoard from Nahal
Mishmar, BiAr 34 (1971): 23-39; idem, The Ghassulian Shrine at En-Gedi, Tel Aviv 7 (1980): 1-44.
17. www.godelectric.org/mut
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The Goddess Nekhbet
The second vulture might represent Nekhbet, who began as a local, early predynastic goddess,
patron of the city of Nekheb. She was often shown as a woman wearing the crown of Upper Egypt,
a vulture headdress or as a woman with the head of a vulture.
Fig.: Nekhbet
Believed to be the 'Mother of the Pharaoh,' Nekhbet might also be depicted hovering with her
wings spread above the royal image, clutching in her claws a Shen symbol, which represents
eternal encircling protection and eternity. Ultimately, Nekhbet became the patron of Upper Egypt
and one of the two patron deities for all of ancient Egypt when it was unified.
The two portals may be the most mysterious of the “crown's” symbols, but might be traced to the
two points of entry leading to other dimensions during the Egyptian ritual of the judgement of a
soul.
At the moment of judgement, the heart, which contains a record of all the deceased’s actions in
life, was weighed against the feather of the goddess Ma’at in the Hall of
Two Truths of the underworld or Duat.
This feather, symbol for truth and justice, helped to determine whether
the deceased person had indeed been virtuous. From this point, the soul
was directed through one of two portals, either to proceed to Aaru,
Egyptian paradise or if the heart was found to be heavier than the
feather due to evil deeds committed, it was fed to Ammut, the ‘Devourer’,
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and the soul sent through the door of oblivion for eternity. :
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18. www.crystalinks.com/egyptafterlife.html
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Surprisingly, the portal image appears again far from Egypt at
the site of the Bosnian Pyramids. There, a dated 12,000 year-old
ceramic artifact was found, resembling the doors on the Nahal
Mishmar crown. Might this be a sacred object that served the
same function, that of representing an entry
to other dimension?
Ibex are still numerous at the Ein Gedi springs and are also
known in the desert areas of Upper Egypt, where it survives
and thrives under harsh conditions. The Egyptians like
shamanic cultures, believed that the motion of an animal
defines its identity. So the inherent message of the sure-footed
Ibex is conveyed through licking the man's leg, itself an
instrument of motion.
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19. www.randafricanart.com/Dogon_masks.html
20. http.//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogon_people
21. Morrow S.B. (2015): The Dawning Moon of the Mind, p. 30 – Farrar, Strauss & Giraux
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From the palace of Nimrud, a similar eighth century
BCE ivory carving depicts a Nubian bearing tribute to the
Assyrian King. The male ibex appears docile as it is led
towards domestication.
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Fig.: Nubian Tribute Bearer. Cr: Rogers Fund, 1960
The ivory tusk that provided the raw material for this
relic was almost certainly taken from an elephant in lands
below Egypt and carved by an artist in Phoenicia.
Phoenician ivory carvers were strongly influenced by the
themes and style of Egyptian art owing to traditionally
close ties between the two cultures.
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Fig.: Ibex on Tree of Life ivory carving.
Cr: Rogers Fund
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22, 23. www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/60.145.11/
24. The term gan also refers to the Sumerian word Magan (“Garden of Eden”).
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Fig.: Amratian funerary urn painted with flamingos and ibexes
A trio of snakes undulate across the jar to a tear in one of the lattice portals. Do these snakes
signify kundalini energy utilized to achieve entrance to other dimensions?
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Fig.: Nubian pyramids located at Meroë in present Sudan
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Fig.: Minoan altar with ibex and falcon symbols and offerings
The Minoans, who incorporated Egyptian symbols into their worship, recognized the Ibex as
the ascending soul of man and the Falcon as Ra, the sun god. In this drawing copied from a wall
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at Thera , Crete, there is emphasis on double portals of the Duat and the Djew hieroglyph,
which appear as twin offerings and rests for the falcons.
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The image of the Djew leads us to its striking origin, Ugwu Ele , literally meaning "Hill of
Ele". Lejja means Ele Jaa ― the hidden place of Ele, the Duat of the Hidden Sun in Egyptian
religion.
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28. Marinatos, Spyridon Nikolaou (1960) Crete and Mycenae
29. Acholonu C. (2014) Eden in Sumer on The Niger
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Standards of the Nahal Mishmar Hoard
Fig.: Standards or Scepters of the Nahal Mishmar Hoard. Cr. Jewish National Museum
The most common objects of the Hoard were 118 standards. They may have been mounted on
poles as symbols of rank and carried in a procession heralding a ceremony.
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Fig.: Narmer Palette detail – 1st Dynasty Egypt
On the famous palette of Narmer, named after the first king of Egypt, a detail depicts men
carrying standards and banners, such as would have been carried in a procession at Ein Gedi.
These banners and emblems can be seen as markers for what is designated as hallowed.
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30. www.ancient.eu/Narmer_Palette
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The Vulture Standard
The Vulture standard radiates a high white vibrancy, an indication of its connection to the
cosmos. It is surrounded by concentric rings of pulsating energy.
Dynamic red energy in the wing and chest area of the standard is balanced by lower green
healing energy as revealed in this scan.
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The Twin Ibexes Standard
An interpretation of the two ibexes standard is that they are twins, each facing an object, one a
curved sword and the other a horn. The joined hind parts of the Ibex are connected to a long
tradition of joined animals, such as crouching lions on a First Dynasty seal from Saqqara or the
oxen from the Hunters Palette of pre-dynastic Egypt. The twin is both form in this world and its
underlying ethereal template, the first-born. The twin is a symbol that holds the third dimension
of duality together. Should the twins split and look in the same direction, the game is over.
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31. Morrow, S. B. (2015): The Dawning Moon of the Mind – Farrar, Strauss, and Giraux, p. 71
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Djed Standards
Several banded standards in the Hoard also bear resemblance to the Djed pillar.
From early Dynastic times the Djed was associated with the Uas Scepter and the Ankh, a three-
in-one concept of “life-stability-serenity.” From this trinity came the verb “djed”, which meant
“stable or to be permanent”. The Ankh evokes the shape of a key which allows the doors to
eternity to be opened.
The Djed-pillar was the sacred object worshiped as the world tree in pre-Dynastic times. It was
believed that the Djed when prone, was not in touch with other dimensions. A function of the
Pharaoh was to ceremonially raise the Djed, an essentially magical feat to open a portal between
the worlds; to reconnect the human community with the greater consciousness of the universes.
The Djed amulet, a replica of the Djed pillar worn to ensure that the deceased had the
permanence and stability of Osiris, god of transition, resurrection, and regeneration. Its name,
“Backbone of Osiris,” is written as a Djed pillar with a tear drop shape moving upward. We can
see this as emblematic of kundalini energy moving upward to the dome of the cranium. This
concept is made even clearer by the specialized word for astral light or psychic brilliance in the
Egyptian language, which is also pronounced djed'.
It seems possible that a variation of the Djed ceremony was performed at Ein Gedi by stand-in
priests utilizing the Djed scepters. This to ensure that deceased members of the congregation be
safely carried through the vast waters of eternity from one world to the next.
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Appendix I – Explanation of Energy Photography
As stated in Assessing The Frequencies of Bosnian Pyramid/ Ravne Tunnel Stones and
Artifacts With Energy Photo Imaging , Julia Lincoln uses the following system in her Energy
Imaging Lab, set up as a controlled environment for consistency in experiments. Judith Mann
does the same in her lab.
Both Lincoln and Mann employ the Oldfield New Energy Vision Field Camera for researching
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subtle-energy fields, an advanced system to visualize an energy field matrix in real-time. What
is invisible to the naked eye becomes visible. It works on the principle that when a photon of light
travels through a subject's energy field it is very subtly altered by the energy it has passed
through. These changes allows an indirect view of the energy field of a subject by observation of
the light interference patterns that this interaction creates. Light is shed on a multiple vortex
level as it brings in photons from other dimensions.
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32. Mann J. & Lincoln J. Assessing The Frequencies Of Bosnian Pyramid/Ravne Tunnel Stones and
Artifacts with Energy Photo Imaging – www.academia.edu/7520434
33. www.electrocrystal.com/nev.html
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Appendix II- Colors Associated With the Energy Fields
When light travels as waves of energy it is with different frequency lengths depending upon its
color and measured as the distance between the top of one wave and the top of the next.
This chart shows the lengths of the waves of different colors of light. Purple and blue lightwaves
have short wavelengths which vibrate quickly. Red light has a longer wavelength, which vibrates
more slowly. This difference is based on the fact that short wavelengths carry more energy than
ones with long wave lengths. Brief interpretations of the colors revealed through the imaging
systems:
Orange - vitality
Yellow - intelligence
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Bibliography
- Bar-Adon, Pessah, The Cave of the Treasure - Israel Exploration Society 1971
- Dibon-Smith, Richard The Ibex as an Iconographic Symbol in the ancient Near East
http://www.academia.edu/15735124/
- Kantor, Helene J. The Early Relations of Egypt with Asia," JNES 1, 1942
- Mackenzie, Donald Alexander Egyptian Myth and Legend - Forgotten Books 2007
- Moorey, P. R. S., The Chalcolithic Hoard from Nahal Mishmar, Israel, in Context, World
Archaeology Vol. 20, No. 2, Hoards and Hoarding - Taylor & Francis, Ltd 1988
- Morrow, Susan Brind, The Dawning Moon of the Mind, 2015, Farrar, Straus, Giroux
- Remler, Pat Egyptian Mythologoy A to Z (3rd ed.) (3rd ed.). New York: Chelsea House 2010
- Tadmor M. The Judean Desert Treasure From Naḥal Mishmar: A Chalcolithic Traders Hoard? in
Essays in Ancient Civilization Presented to Helene J. Kantor 1989
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Mishmar, 1971 BiAr 34
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