BIRD SPECIES CLASSIFICATION BASED ON

THEIR SOUND
Partha Sarathi Kar

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CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• WHY IT IS IMPORTANT
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• METHOD
• RESEARCH SCOPES

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INTRODUCTION

There are over nine thousand bird species !

Goals in this work is to develop methodology for the

system that could automatically recognize bird species
or even individual birds by their sounds

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WHY IT IS IMPORTANT

Monitoring birds by their sound is important for many

environmental and scientific purposes.
Like,

- reduce the need of volunteers in this kind biological

project
- observed easily by experienced bird watchers
- identify and count birds in a specific area
- to estimate long-term population trends
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LITERATURE REVIEW

Automatic classification of bird species from bird sound

samples has recently attracted the interest of the research
community because of the improvement of different techniques
in

• signal processing and

• machine learning

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Signal processing is a broad term that involves the

use of audio processing techniques to improve
signal quality and extract a set of features from the
audio signal

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Machine learning algorithms use these features to

develop decision methods that can predict and
classify the audio patterns

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LITERATURE REVIEW
Birds produce their sounds mainly
by syrinx, which is unique organ for
birds.

-sounds can be broadly classified

as songs and calls

-which can be further divided into

hierarchical levels of phrases,
syllables and elements or
notes.
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LITERATURE REVIEW

-songs are longer vocalizations which usually include a

variety of notes in a sequence

-while bird calls are short communications which are

often the single notes

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LITERATURE REVIEW

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Used technique for bird sound processing:

- energy based time-domain approach

which is reliable for single bird’s samples with low
noise
- multiple bird’s sounds in noisy environments,
two dimensional time–frequency based
segmentation is used

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LITERATURE REVIEW

The most widely used features to describe bird’s sounds are

- Linear predictive coefficients (LPC) and

- Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs)

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Classification methods
that were mostly used for training/testing the data-set

- K-Nearest-Neighbour (k-NN)
- Naive Bayes
- Support vector machines
- Random forest
- J-48 decision tree
- Neural networks

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METHOD

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METHOD

A. Collection of Database and Pre-Processing of Audio

Wave
-Noise reduction techniques (like Butterworth filteris) have to be used to remove
from signal some unwanted noise components
like, wind, rain etc

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METHOD

B. Feature Extraction
Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCCs) are the most used features used to
describe the spectrum of an audio recording in very compact yet informative
manner.

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METHOD

C. Classification
Different kinds of machine learning methods used for classification.

Fig: The structure of SVM Fig: The structure of a neural network

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RESEARCH SCOPES

International Journal of Speech Technology

December 2016, Volume 19, Issue 4, pp 791–804
Bird classification based on their sound patterns

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RESEARCH SCOPES

Performance of the different proposed bird

identification system still leaves scope for
improvement.
• to use more data
• audio recordings in noisy environments with
multiple bird species simultaneously
• find more efficient and robust classification
techniques and features to improve classification
performance
• real-time audio recording and process

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REFERENCES

Information and Image Credit :

• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10772-016-9372-2
• http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7821241/
• https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.03417.pdf
• http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tee.22178/full
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27516447_Automatic_Recognition_of_Bird_
Species_by_Their_Sounds

Figure: pixel representation

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THANKS
&
ANY QUESTION?

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