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A NASA satellite image showing the Indus River at the time of floods
Damages: [1]
$43 billion (estimated)
Fatalities: [2]
2,000+
The 2010 Pakistan floods began in July 2010 following heavy monsoon rains in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh,
Punjab and Balochistan regions of Pakistan. Present estimates indicate that over two thousand people[2] have died
and over a million homes have been destroyed since the flooding began.[3] The United Nations estimates that more
than 21 million[4] people are injured or homeless as a result of the flooding, exceeding the combined total of
individuals affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2005 Kashmir earthquake and the 2010 Haiti
earthquake.[5] At one point, approximately one-fifth of Pakistan's total land area was underwater due to the
flooding.[6] [7] [8]
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has asked for an initial $460 million for emergency relief, noting that the flood
was the worst disaster he had ever seen. 50% of the relief funds requested has been received as of 15 August 2010.[9]
The U.N. is concerned that aid is not arriving fast enough, while the World Health Organization reported that ten
million people were forced to drink unsafe water.[10] The Pakistani economy has been harmed by extensive damage
to infrastructure and crops.[11] Structural damages are estimated to exceed 4 billion USD, and wheat crop damages
are estimated to be over 500 million USD.[12] Officials estimate the total economic impact to be as much as 43
billion USD.[13] [14]
Causes
Current flooding is blamed on unprecedented monsoon rain.[15] The rainfall anomaly map published by NASA
shows unusually intense monsoon rains attributed to La Niña.[16] On 21 June, the Pakistan Meteorological
Department cautioned that urban and flash flooding could occur from July to September in the north parts of the
country.[17] The same department recorded above-average rainfall in the months of July and August 2010,[18] and
monitored the flood wave progression.[19] Some of the discharge levels recorded are comparable to those seen during
2010 Pakistan floods 2
Floods
Monsoon rains were forecast to continue into early
August and were described as the worst in this area
in the last 80 years.[23] The Pakistan Meteorological
Department said that over 200 mm (7.88 inches) of
rain fell over a 24-hour period over a number of
places of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab and
more was expected.[24] A record-breaking 274 mm
(10.7 inches) rain fell in Peshawar during 24
hours,[25] previously 187 mm (7.36 inches) of rain
was recorded in April 2009.[26] So far 500,000 or
more people have been displaced from their
homes.[23] On 30 July, Manuel Bessler, head of the
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs, stated that 36 districts were involved, and
950,000 people were affected,[27] although within a
day, reports increased that number to as high as a
million,[28] and by mid-August to nearly 20 million
affected.[29] The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial
minister of information, Mian Iftikhar Hussain, said
"the infrastructure of this province was already
destroyed by terrorism. Whatever was left was
finished off by these floods."[30] He also called the
floods "the worst calamity in our history."[31] Four
Satellite images of the upper Indus River valley comparing water-levels
on 1 August 2009 (top) and 31 July 2010 (bottom) million Pakistanis were left with food shortages.[32]
Pakistani authorities predicted that additional rainfall was expected to trigger two further waves of flooding in the
mid-August, inundating more land and swallowing more villages. One of these new flood surges was sweeping
down from mountainous areas in the north as of August 11, and was expected to hit highly populated areas in the
coming days, while the second wave was being formed in the mountains.[43]
Aftermath
The power infrastructure of Pakistan also took a severe blow from the floods, which damaged 10,000 transmission
lines and transformers, feeders and power houses in different flood-hit areas. Flood water inundated Jinnah Hydro
power and 150 power houses in Gilgit. The damage caused a power shortfall of 3.135 gigawatt.[44]
Aid agencies have warned that outbreaks of diseases, such as: gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and skin diseases due to lack
of clean drinking water and sanitation can pose a serious new risk to flood victims.[45] [46] On 14 August, the first
documented case of cholera emerged in the town of Mingora, striking fear into millions of stranded flood victims,
who are already suffering from gastroenteritis and diarrhea.[47] [48] [49] It has been reported by the International Red
Cross that a large number of unexploded ordinance, such as mines and artillery shells, have been flushed down
stream by the floods from areas in Kashmir and Waziristan and scattered in low lying areas, posing a future risk to
returning inhabitants.[50] The United Nations estimated that 800,000 people have been cut off by floods in Pakistan
and are only reachable by air. It also stated that at least 40 more helicopters are needed to ferry lifesaving aid to
increasingly desperate people. Many of those cut off are in the mountainous northwest, where roads and bridges have
been swept away.[51]
By order of President Asif Ali Zardari, there were no official celebrations of Pakistan's 63rd Independence Day on
14 August, due to the calamity the country faces.[52]
Food
Floods have submerged 17 million acres (69000 km2) of Pakistan's most fertile crop land, have killed 200,000 herd
of livestock and have washed away massive amounts of grain. A major concern is that farmers will be unable to meet
the fall deadline for planting new seeds in 2010, which implies a massive loss of food production in 2011, and
potential long term food shortages.[53] The agricultural damages are more than 2.9 billion dollars, according to recent
2010 Pakistan floods 5
estimates, and include over 700000 acres (2800 km2) of lost cotton crops, 200000 acres (810 km2) of sugar cane and
200000 acres (810 km2) of rice, in addition to the loss of over 500,000 tonnes of stocked wheat, 300000 acres (1200
km2) of animal fodder and the stored grain losses.[54] [55]
Agricultural crops such as cotton, rice, and sugarcane and to some extent mangoes were badly affected in Punjab,
according to a Harvest Tradings-Pakistan spokesman. He called for the international community to fully participate
in the rehabilitation process, as well as for the revival of agricultural crops in order to get better GDP growth in the
future.
In affected Multan Division in South Punjab, some people were seen to be engaging in profit-taking in this disaster,
raising their prices up to Rs 130/kg. Some have called for Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited to write off all agricultural
loans in the affected areas in Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa especially for small farmers.[56]
Infrastructure
Floods have damaged an estimated 2,433 miles of highway and 3508 miles (5646 km) of railway. Cost estimates for
highway damages are approximately 158 million USD, and railway damages are 131 million USD. Any unique or
particularly large infrastructure damages will increase these estimates.[12] Public building damages are estimated at 1
billion USD.[12]
Taliban insurgency
The flood will divert Pakistani military forces from fighting the Pakistani Taliban insurgents (TTP) in the Northwest
because they will be needed to help in the relief effort.[57] It is feared that this will allow Taliban fighters to
regroup.[58] On the other hand, some are suggesting that by helping flood victims, the US has an opportunity to
improve its image.[59]
The Pakistani Taliban have also engaged in relief efforts and are making inroads where the government is absent or
seen as corrupt.[60] As the flood may have dislodged many property markers, it is feared that governmental delay and
corruption will give an advantage to the Taliban to settle these disputes swiftly.[60] A Taliban spokesperson asked the
Pakistani government to reject Western help from "Christians and Jews" and claimed that the Taliban could raise $20
million to replace that aid.[60] [61]
According to an US official the TTP had issued a threat saying that it will launch attacks against foreigners
participating in flood relief operations.[62] In response, the United Nations said it was reviewing security
arrangements for its workers. The World Health Organization stated that work in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province was
already suffering because of the security concerns there.[63] However, an unverified Taliban spokesperson based in
Orakzai told The Express Tribune: “We have not issued any such threat; and we don’t have any plans to attack relief
workers."[64] Reportedly three American Christians were killed by the Taliban on August 25 in the Swat Valley.[65]
Political effects
Floods have been theorized to have future political consequences mostly due to public perception of governance
inefficacies and it has been said that if the situation is not adequately addressed specially with fight against terrorism
going on in Pakistan, it might lead to future political unrest. These political effects of the floods have been compared
with that of 1970 Bhola cyclone.[66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71]
Economic effects
On 7 September 2010, the International Labour Organization reported that more than 5.3 million jobs have been lost
due to the floods, emphasizing that "productive and labor intensive job creation programmes are urgently needed to
lift millions of people out of poverty that has been aggravated by flood damage".[72] [73] [74] The GDP growth rate of
4% prior to the floods may turn negative with the estimates ranging from -2% to -5% of GDP. Though the GDP
2010 Pakistan floods 6
growth may improve in 2011 and beyond, it will be several years before it can return to the 4% level of 2009. The
loss of crops will hit the textile manufacturing which is the largest export sector of Pakistan. Furthermore, the loss of
over 10 million heads of livestock's along with the loss of other crops will bring down the total agricultural
production by more than 15%. Toyota and Unilever Pakistan have said that the floods may sap growth, necessitating
production cuts as people struggle to cope with the destruction. Parvez Ghias the chief executive of Pakistan's largest
motor automaker Toyota described the economy's state as "fragile". Nationwide car sales are predicted to fall as
much as 25%, forcing automakers to reduce production in October 2010 from the pre-flood level of 200 cars per day.
The milk supplies have also fallen by 15%, which will cause the retail price of milk to increase by Pk Rs 4 (5 US
cents) per liter. Some investors have started to buy the devalued stock in the hope that they will rise again.[75] [76] [77]
Relief efforts
Pakistan has appealed to international
donors for help in responding to the
disaster.[78] Twenty-one helicopters and 150
boats were pressed into service to assist the
affected people according to the National
Disaster Management Authority of
[79]
Pakistan. The US embassy in Pakistan
provided seven helicopters to the authorities
to assist in relief-operations.[80] The United
Nations also launched relief efforts.[27] It
appealed for $460 million to provide
immediate help, including food, shelter and
clean water. UN Secretary-General Ban
A bridge damaged by the flooding
Ki-moon visited Pakistan on 15 August to
oversee and discuss the relief efforts.[45] [46]
A Pakistani army spokesman said that troops had been deployed in all affected areas and had rescued thousands of
people.[30] Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani visited the province and directed the Pakistan Navy to help evacuate
the flood-victims.[81] By early August, more than 352,291 people have been rescued.[33]
According to the Relief web Financial Tracking service, total donations worldwide for humanitarian assistance so far
come to $687 million, with a further $324 million promised in uncommitted pledges, as of August 27, 2010.[82]
By the end of August the Secretary-General Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu of the Organization of the Islamic Conference
(OIC) stated that Muslim countries, organizations and individuals had pledged close to $1 billion to assist in
Pakistan’s flood emergency.[83] This statement is placed in doubt by findings from the U.N. Financial Tracking
Service that indicate that only 3 of 56 OIC’s member states - Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Kuwait - had pledged more
than single digit millions.[83] Pakistan’s Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani stated that by the end of August Saudi
Arabia's support exceeded that of the US, yet both UN data and data from Pakistan's Disaster Management Authority
fail to support this claim.[83]
Sun Charity USA is one of the private relief outfits active in Pakistan.[84]
[85]
Merchandise supporting the flood relief efforts is available through zazzle.com/pkflood with all proceeds
benefiting UNICEF in Pakistan.
The Imran Khan Foundation [86] is an accredited 501c3 charity that has raised over $2 million towards the flood
relief efforts and continues to solicit donations.
2010 Pakistan floods 7
people in order to facilitate the distribution of Iranian aid to Pakistan. During the visit the Pakistani interior
minister was invited to Tehran for discussing the flood situation among other matters, and the Pakistani minister
visited Iran on 22 August 2010.[143] [144] [145] [146] [147] [148] Iranian interior minister during a meeting with
Pakistani interior minister informed the latter that Iran is the third largest donor nation in terms of delivered
aid.[149] Iran has also assured Pakistan of its continued support and aid into future.[150] In order to better supply
relief to flood victims, Iranian president Dr. Ahmadinejad would visit the flood hit areas of Pakistan.[134] Iran has
also donated 50,000 tents and has sent 500 doctors and nurses to help with ongoing international relief
operation.[151] Iran started to send an additional 1,100 tonnes of relief goods to Pakistan on 5 September 2010 as
part of its ongoing relief operation.[152] Iran is also setting up 15 relief and medical camps in every Pakistani
province each capable of holding 1,000 families.[153] On 12 September 2010, Iran allocated an additional US
$100 million for Pakistan flood relief.[154] [155]
• An initial €200,000 was donated by the government of Ireland.[156] An additional €550,000 was added on 9
August 2010.[156] Then the total was €960,000.[157] The Irish media were critical of the country's government for
providing less than half the aid it donated to Haiti after the earthquake there.[158] €1.19 million was added on 19
August, bringing the total at that stage to €2 million, the total given to the Haiti disaster.[158] [159] Minister for
Overseas Development Peter Power, TD, said at the time that more aid would be forthcoming from Ireland and
that the country had provided a "proportionally greater" amount than "most other European countries".[158] [160]
The Irish public had provided an additional sum of more than €2.5 million by 20 August.[161]
• Israel has offered aid to Pakistan, but the officials said they have not received an answer from Pakistan on
whether or not the aid should be forwarded.[162]
• Italy provided € 1.33 million, including a humanitarian aid flight carrying emergency supplies such as
medicines, generators, water purifiers and containers.[163]
• Japan provided US$ 0.23 million for emergency relief goods, while additional assistance of up to US$3
million has been committed for the disaster aftermath.In a press release, Japan announced to extend the aid to
14.4 million USD (approx. 1.22 billion JPY) in total, in the form of the provision of emergency relief goods, as
well as food, water, sanitation etc.[164] Japan is also expected to send a unit of six helicopters and some 300 SDF
Troops [165]
• Jordan A plane carrying food and medical supplies left for Pakistan on 15 August. It is carrying a 25-member
medical team, including nine doctors, as well as 21,000 typhoid and cholera vaccines.[166]
• Kosovo donated €150,000 to the Government of Pakistan's flood relief efforts.[167]
• Kuwait donated US $5 million to victims of the severe floods in Pakistan, according to Kuwait Red Crescent
Society (KRCS).[168]
• Lebanon sent a plane to Pakistan with humanitarian aid.[169]
• Lithuania donated LTL 50,000.[170]
• Malaysia has donated $1 million to help people in flood-hit Pakistan.[171]
• The Maldives collected MVR 10 million(US $1 million) for Pakistan. The people are collecting more money.
All the Maldivian broadcasting channels held a 24-hour telethon to help Pakistan and got MVR 1 million.[172]
• Morocco sent a plane carrying 12 tonnes of humanitarian aid.[173]
• Nepal cabinet provided cash assistance of Rs 10 million for flood victims in Pakistan.[174]
• Netherlands donated €3.6 million euros.[175] Netherlands The population of the Netherlands has collected
more more than 17 million euros for relief aid in Pakistan.[176]
• New Zealand donated NZ$4 million towards relief efforts in Pakistan.[177]
• Nigeria also assisted Pakistan by donating US$ 1 million.[178]
2010 Pakistan floods 10
• Norway facilitated relief operation by providing NOK 30 million. NOK 9 million were given to UN Central
Emergency Response Fund, and NOK 21 million were allocated to UNICEF, Pakistan Emergency Response Fund
(ERF), and Pakistan Red Crescent Society[179]
• The Oman Charitable Organisation (OCO) send 2,336MT of aid to Pakistan, comprising foodstuffs, water,
Dates, tents, relief supplies and tools.[]
• Palestine donated 3000 tons of humanitarian supplies to Pakistan.[180]
• Qatar Red Crescent has appealed for QR 6.5 million and as part of its Ramadan campaign allocated QR1.5
million to its humanitarian mission.[] QATAR Charity (QC) has started delivering food packs worth QR7 million
($2 million) in collaboration with the World Food Programme (WFP).[181] It also plans to airlift 80 tonnes of
emergency relief items, totalling around QR 2.2 million ($600,000).[182]
• Russia have sent two Russian Il-76 cargo planes with emergency relief.[183]
• Samoa donated US$20,000.[184]
• As of 17 September 2010, Saudi Arabia has allocated more than US $361.99 million for the relief operation,
topping the list of all donating countries: US $105.29 million donated by the Saudi Government, US $14.7 million
donated by the Saudi Fund for Development, and US $242 million collected through Saudi Public Fund
Relief.[185] Saudi Arabia released a statement announcing the establishment of an air-bridge to ferry
relief-supplies to Pakistan. As of August 30, relief goods worth USD 40 million had been delivered and some
USD 67 million worth of relief goods were in the pipeline; USD 5.3 million had been handed over to National
Disaster Management Authority – NDMA Pakistan in cash. Two 100-bed mobile hospitals were also donated by
the Saudi Government to the flood victims.[186]
• Singapore donated 50 thousand US dollars, 800 water filters and 10,000 blankets.[187]
• Slovakia donated power generators, water pumps and tents.[188]
• Sri Lanka dispatched 18 metric tons of relief goods worth approx US$ 3 million to Pakistan on a Sri Lankan
Air Force C-130.[189] [190] [191] The Health Ministry will also send will be in the 15 member special medical team
to Pakistan.[192]
• Spain have sent out two aircraft containing 15 tonnes of aid material for the victims.[193]
• Sweden will send eight water cleaning aggregates which together have a capacity to support 18,000 people
with clean drinking water.[194]
million AED ($21 million) for the flood victims. The Red Crescent also dispatched 70 tons of essential relief
supplies.[205] [206]
• The United Kingdom has committed £134 million[207] (US $210 million) to the relief and recovery effort, in
addition to bringing forward a £10 million bridge project to replace some of those washed away. Interventions
carried out or under way include the flying in of 400 metric tons of aid, and providing tents, shelter kits, blankets,
water containers and nutritional interventions.[208] Former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown has also
acknowledged the slow international response and urged British public to donate generously.[209] British
monarch, Queen Elizabeth II has made a personal donation to the relief effort for flood victims in Pakistan, the
Queen gave an undisclosed amount via the British Red Cross.[210] Additionally Nick Clegg, the Deputy Prime
Minister, described the international response as "absolutely pitiful" on August 16.[211]
• The United States stated that it would provide 56,000 ready meals on 1 August and 2, twelve temporary
bridges and two water-filtration-plants to help the flood-victims as part of a US$10 million aid-pledge.[212]
Commenting on the floods, the United States Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, stated, "The Pakistani people are
friends and partners, and the United States is standing with them as the tragic human toll mounts from flooding in
northwest Pakistan."[213] Hillary Clinton personally donated $10 for flood-relief in an effort to encourage people
to donate, no matter how small the amount.[214] On 10 August, US announced another $20 million to provide
relief for the affected,[215] taking the flood related aid from United States to US$ 55 million.[216] On 11 August,
US increased its assistance for flood-ravaged Pakistan to $ 71 million.[217] Additionally, United States initially
provided six US Army CH-47 Chinook helicopters from their duty in Afghanistan. On 12 August, it provided two
more CH-53E Super Stallion helicopters to assist Pakistan Army in their relief efforts. The two helicopters are
first of 19 helicopters that US Defense Secretary Robert Gates has urgently ordered for Pakistan in next few
days.[218] Senator John Kerry also visited Pakistan in order to survey the damage from the disaster, and to raise
US public awareness about Pakistani relief needs.[219] On 13 August, US increased its aid to US $84 million as
USS Peleliu gets ready to dispatch more helicopters pledged earlier by US Defense Secretary.[220] In addition to
this, the United States is providing $3 million to the World Health Organization to expand the capacity of
Pakistan's Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) and to establish the first 15 treatment centers for water-borne
illness. It is also working with the humanitarian community to spread awareness through radio stations regarding
safety precautions against water-borne diseases.[221] On 14 August, further two CH-53E Super Stallion and a
MH-53E Sea Dragon arrived in Pakistan to work with Pakistan military in flood-affected areas.[222] On Thursday,
20 August, the United States pledged an additional $60 million to the U.N. flood relief effort in Pakistan, bringing
its total contribution to $150 million in a move designed to encourage other governments and private donors to
boost their aid. On Friday, 27 August, the USS Kearsarge (LHD-3) and her Amphibious Ready Group will deploy
to Pakistan to assist.[223]
• Uzbekistan has sent 300,000 dollars worth of humanitarian aid to Pakistan.[224]
• Vietnam donated 50,000 dollars.[225]
• Yemen has donated relief materials including medicine and edible oil.[226]
• World Bank provided US$ 1.3 million to Pakistani government for relief work.[227] The bank has additionally
approved a loan of US$ 900 million for medium and long term reconstruction.[2]
• International Monetary Fund (IMF) has also offered to discuss how to help Pakistan manage the economic impact
of the floods.[228]
• Asian Development Bank has offered a loan of 2 billion dollars for the reconstruction efforts.[229]
• Islamic Development Bank has offered a loan of 11 million dollars for the reconstruction efforts.[230]
2010 Pakistan floods 12
Other charities
• Focus Humanitarian Assistance (FOCUS), has deployed Disaster Assessment Response Team (DART) members,
Community Emergency Response Teams (CERT) as well as Search and Rescue teams to assist in coordination
with AKDN helicopters with evacuations, transport relief supplies and medial teams. In collaboration with the
Pakistani Army, FOCUS has transported 200 MT of relief goods, 126 MT of food across Gilgit-Baltistan, Sindh,
and Chitral. With the support of the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), FOCUS is also
supplying tents, tarpaulins, water, hygiene kits and blankets, as well as basic healthcare services, to
Khyber-Pakhtunkhwah, Gilgit Balistan, Sindh and Punjab provinces.[243]
• Humanity First, in collaboration with NCHD has dispatched over 800 tents as well as mattresses, blankets, floor
mats, buckets and shoes. Over 600 water survival boxes have been provided in collaboration with the British
Rotary charity WorldWaterWorks Limited [244]. HF has handed out 44 tonnes of food aid, and has assisted over
22000 people, but the response is expected to rise. Moreover, with 31 medical camps over 5000 patients have
been seen.[245]
2010 Pakistan floods 13
• MERCY Malaysia has setup two clinics in the districts of Nowshera and Charsadda, each with a local doctor and
three medical staff. It also sent a team on 12 August to support the clinics. The NGO donated five units of
ultra-filtration water systems worth US$15,000 and donated US$40,000 worth of tents, food and drinking
water.[246] [247]
• ICNA Relief Canada is actively providing emergency relief across the country. ICNA Relief is running medical
relief camps in 13 locations, distributing free medication and providing ambulance services. ICNA Relief is also
providing food packages (Flour, Sugar, Cooking Oil, Rice, Lentils, Biscuits and other basics) and shelters to the
flood victims. Tent distribution is being made to help those whose houses have been washed away by the floods.
ICNA Relief Canada has appealed to its donors for $5 million raise."ICNA Relief Canada" [248].
• Muslim Charity has launched £1.5 million appeal to help the victims of floods in Pakistan and raised £1.5 million
as on 08 Sep 2010. Muslim Charity targets to benefit 150,000 people through its activities. Muslim Charity is
providing food to 100,000 people for the month of Ramadan, clean drinking water to 50,000 people, medical
facilities to 30,000 people through its 18 medical camps and shelter to 8,000 people. In its second phase of relief
work; Muslim Charity targets to rebuild 500 house, 2 primary schools, 2 medical centres and 10 mosques in
Pakistan.
• Trócaire had raised around €700,000 in donations from the Irish public by 13 August 2010.[242] The organisation
later said there were difficulties accessing food.[249]
• UNICEF has set up 24 medical camps in the affected areas, benefiting around one million people.[250]
• Giving Children Hope donated medical supplies and other aid to several medical centers in Peshawar.[251]
• Médecins Sans Frontières was in a position to respond immediately due to its long term presence in the country.
MSF has deployed 100 international and 1200 Pakistani staff to provide medical care, particularly disease
prevention, and resettlement services.[252]
Other organisations
• UN-SPIDER Pakistan’s Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) received assistance
through the SpaceAid Framework of the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster
Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) during the first phase of the disaster. Through SpaceAid,
SUPARCO was able to access post and pre-disaster satellite data. This information was used by Pakistan’s
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and relief organizations to assist response efforts and assess
damages. Humanitarian NGOs such as iMMAP and the Pakistan Youth Organization have been using this
information for their operations as well.[253]
• The United Methodist Church's representatives are on the ground with a project that within the week will purify
more than 3.5 million liters of drinking water and benefit more than 73,000 people a day. The Methodist are also
helping to bring food relief and emergency shelter to tens of thousands of Pakistanis affected by the flooding.[254]
• The Pakistan Cricket Board and English Cricket Board Cricket Boards are working together to organize a
fundraiser exhibition match for the benefit of flood victims.[255] [256]
• The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) had raised at least AUD$2.8 million for UNICEF's flood relief
efforts through its nation-wide radio appeal from Friday 27 August until 3 pm on Sunday 29 August 2010.[257]
2010 Pakistan floods 14
Response by individuals
• The Al Waleed bin Talal Foundation donated SR 10 million (USD 2.67 million) along with 10 tons of relief
material including 3,500 shots of malaria medicine, 20,000 doses of diarrhoea medicine, 1,500 blankets and 1,000
sanitation kits.[258]
• The Open Society Foundation, led by George Soros donated $5 million in addition to an initial $50,000.[259]
• The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation donated $700,000 for flood relief.[260]
• Angelina Jolie donated $100,000 to the United Nations for flood relief operations in Pakistan.[261]
Response by corporations
• Coca Cola : The Coca-Cola Corporation for Pakistan and Afghanistan announced donation of US $1 million.[266]
• Deloitte, a business advisory firm, donated £1 million (US $1.5 million) to the DEC appeal.[267]
• Google Foundation donated $250,000 for the flood relief efforts. A corporate broadcast was sent to all employees
to raise awareness about the disaster.[268]
• Cisco Systems will match employee donations for flood relief up to $500,000. A corporate broadcast was sent to
all employees to raise awareness about the disaster.
• BMO Financial Group, Canada’s oldest bank, has donated $100,000 in support of Red Cross relief and recovery
efforts. In addition, the company is accepting donations through its BMO Bank of Montreal branches in Canada
and its Harris branches in the United States. The company is also waiving fees for fund transfers and drafts to
Pakistan through 17 September 2010.[269]
• Riverbed Technology will match employee donations to Mercy Corps up to $10,000. A corporate broadcast was
sent to all employees to raise awareness about the disaster.
• Dell has announced a $150,000 donation to the flood victims and has declared to match any amount donated by
Dell employees.[269]
• Intel donated $100,000 to American Red Cross for flood relief. In addition, Intel will match employee donations
up to $2k per employee. A corporate broadcast was sent to all employees to raise awareness about the
disaster.[269]
• Alcatel-Lucent launched a "Matching Gift Program" through the Alcatel Lucent Foundation. ALU will match one
donation per employee, dollar-for-dollar, in response to this crisis. A Corporate broadcast was made on August
19. Apart from this, employees of Alcatel Lucent Local setup have donated their 1 day salary and have raised
funds each day (Starting August) to provide Army Aviation with Ready Meals to be air dropped to the people
who have been marooned by the floods.
• JPMorgan donated $100,000.[269]
• SAP has contributed significant amount to relief partners. SAP Solidarity Fund in Germany has already donated
funds to help with immediate relief efforts. The SAP matching gift program will match employee donations up to
10k per employee. Information about SAP relief effort is posted on Corporate Portal to raise awareness about the
2010 Pakistan floods 15
disaster.
• Bank of America Corporation donated $50,000 to Save the Children.[269]
• BP donated $1 million to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. [270]
• Northwestern Mutual Foundation donated $100,000 to the American Red Cross. [271]
• Microsoft donated $700,000 cash donation, deployment of disaster management software for the Govt of Punjab
at no cost, urgent food supplies to the flood victims in KPK province and software donations to various NGOs
currently involved in relief activities. [272]
Criticism of response
The Pakistani government was blamed for sluggish and disorganized response to the floods.[273] The perceived
disorganized and insufficient response led to instances of riots, with attacks and looting of aid convoys by
hunger-stricken people.[274] The lack of a unified government response allowed Islamic groups such as
Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jamaat-e-Islami to supply aid with minimal resistance.[275] [276] President Asif Ali Zardari was
also criticized for going ahead with visits to meet leaders in Britain and France at a time when his nation was facing
catastrophe.[277] [278] In Sindh, the ruling Pakistan People's Party ministers were accused of using their influence to
direct flood waters off their crops while risking densely populated areas.[279] Pakistani ambassador for UN Abdullah
Hussain Haroon called for an inquiry into allegations about rich landowners diverting water into unprotected villages
to save their own crops.[280]
The United Nations criticized the international community for responding slowly, despite the ferocity and magnitude
of disaster. As of 9 August, only $45 million in aid had been committed, which is far less than usual for a natural
disaster of this scale.[281] In an analysis of the response to the disaster, The Guardian said that there was a dire need
of relief goods in the immediate aftermath of the floods. It quoted the UN's humanitarian affairs coordination office,
saying that "[s]ix million [of the 14 million affected] are children and 3 million women of child-bearing age. This is
a higher figure than in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami."[282]
An analysis by AP's correspondent, Nahal Toosi, suggested that a number of factors account for the inadequate
international response: namely, the low death toll, the protracted unfolding of the extent of the catastrophe, the lack
of celebrity involvement, the impression that the government is not focused on the event, and a certain donor fatigue,
perhaps more so as Pakistan had been receiving support before.[283]
British Prime Minister David Cameron was accused by Pakistan of hampering international aid efforts after he
claimed that Pakistan was responsible for promoting terrorism.[284] [285]
Neglect of minorities
It has been reported that members of Pakistan's Ahmadiyya Muslim community, who were caught up in floods in
Muzaffargarh, were not rescued from their homes because rescuers felt that Muslims must be given priority. Ahmadi
Muslims complained to the government that not only were they not rescued but in some instances ejected from relief
camps when their identity was disclosed. Ahmadis were declared a non-Muslim minority in 1974 by the Pakistani
government, which prohibited them from 'posing as Muslims', and have faced continued persecution.[286] [287] The
Human Rights Commission of Pakistan condemned the denial of relief to Ahmadis.[288] It also stated, “The
commission has noted with concern reports of lack of provision of relief goods to flood-affected Ahmadi families,
expulsion of displaced Ahmadis from a government school in Dera Ghazi Khan and rented lodgings elsewhere in
southern Punjab after clerics’ pressure as well as issuance of edicts by clerics that affected Ahmadis must not be
provided help."[289]
Members of the Sikh community, who arrived in gurdwaras in Lahore, also complained of government apathy. They
said members of their community were abandoned in Khyber-Pakhtoonkhwa and had to arrange rescue for
themselves.[286] In Peshawar the Sikh leaders accused the Government of Pakistan of not helping them after the
floods swept away their homes and businesses and threatened to protest lack of assistance by the Government.[290]
2010 Pakistan floods 16
Protests broke out in Lyari relief camp after Hindu victims of Baagri and Waghari nomadic tribes were served beef
by the authorities in violation of their religious beliefs, which forbid consumption of beef. The situation was resolved
after officials from minority affairs ministry intervened.[291] [292]
Inequality
Abdullah Hussain Haroon, Pakistan's diplomat to the United Nations, has alleged that wealthy feudal warlords and
landowners in Pakistan have been diverting funds and resources away from the poor and into their own private relief
efforts.[293] Haroon also alluded to was evidence that landowners had allowed embankments to burst, leading to
water flowing away from their land.[294] There are also allegations that local authorities colluded with the warlords
to divert funds.[295] The floods have accentuated the sharp divisions in Pakistan between the wealthy and the poor.
The wealthy, with better access to transportation and other facilities, have suffered far less than the poor of
Pakistan.[296]
See also
• List of deadliest floods
• 2010 China floods
• 2010 Leh floods
• 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat wave
• 2005 Kashmir earthquake
• List of extreme weather records in Pakistan
External links
• Factsheet 1995-2008 describing non-military aid given to Pakistan by OECD [297]
• The Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) has established a geospatial map service relating to the Pakistan flood event
[298]
• Pakistan GIS is providing updated flood images of Pakistan in geo-referred format for GIS users [299]
• Floods in Pakistan [300], International Committee of the Red Cross
• Updated list of relief organizations and donation resources [301]
• Latest Updates on Floods in Pakistan [302]
• Latest Updates on Pakistan Flood [303]
• "Flood of Misery": Coverage at http://english.aljazeera.net [304]
• Humanitarian information coverage on ReliefWeb [305]
• Video:Pakistan in mass flood rescue [306]
• In Pictures: Floods in Pakistan [307]
• "The real war on 'terror' must begin" [308]
• Pakistan flood pictures Part I [309] and Pakistan flood pictures Part II [310]
• Coverage by Radio France Internationale in English [311]
• Flooding in Pakistan – Earth Observatory [312] (NASA, 10 August 2010)
• Flooding in Pakistan – Earth Observatory [313] (NASA, 17 August 2010)
• Pakistan Flood Pictures [314] Realize the Conditions
• Pakistan Floods 2010 Relief Wiki [315] Collecting and disseminating flood-related info
• Pakistan Flood Relief [316] Flood Relief information
• UN Humanitarian Chief John Holmes: The Magnitude of the Pakistan Floods Is Unprecedented [317] – video
report by Democracy Now!
• Mapping Pakistan floods [318] Overview of up-to-date map sources: probable flood-affected villages, towns and
infrastructure.
2010 Pakistan floods 17
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