Lesson 4: Literature during the Japanese and NVM GONZALEZ- Notable influence

Post-War Periods - UP, UST Teacher

- “Children of the Ash-
Japanese Colonizers- Philippine Literature Covered Loam” (1954)
strengthening the vernacular languages. - “Look,Stranger In This
Island Now” (1963)
Excellent Practitioners of Short Fiction:
-CBN LLM RAG Literature in Tagalog:
-BIB TIT PIT “Mga Agos sa Disyerto” (1964)
-REE
Clemente Alejandria (Bicolano) -Rogelio Sicat
Benjamin Pascual (Ilocano) -Efren Abueg Modernism
Nicolasa Ponte-Perfecto (Bicolano) -Edgardo Reyes

Liwayway Arceo (Tagalog) Vernacular Novels: Social and Political Realities

Lorenzo Dilag Fajardo (Ilonggo) -TMPMS -ALAAE
Macario Pineda (Tagalog) -Timawa- Agustin Fabian (1953)
-Maganda Pa Ang Daigdig- Lazaro
Rosario Tuason-Baluyut (Pampango) Francisco (1955)
Abe S. Gonzales (Ilonggo) -Pagkamulat Ni Magdalena-Alejandro G.
Genoveva Edroza-Matute (Tagalog) Abadilla(1958)
-Mga Ibong Mandaragit- Amado V.
Hernandez (1960)
Matute’s Stories- children and women Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag-Edgardo Reyes
- Epiphanies (1967)
- “Bughaw Pa Sa Likod ng
Ulap” Palanca Awards- 1950
Short Story: FEJ
Post-War Period: Two Standard NOVELS: Francisco Arcellana
Edith L. Tiempo
“America is in the Heart”- 1946 Juan T. Gatbonton
- Carlos Bulosan-semi-
autographical account of Poetry: -TA -DO
Filipino immigrants. -T.D. Agcaolili- Dog in a Room You Just
Left (1953)
“Without Seeing the Dawn”- Stevan -Amador Daguio-Off the Aleutian Islands
Javellana; Uncomfortable social realities (1953)

BULOSAN AND JAVELLANA- Fearless in American New Criticism-Voice and Organic

making their respective statements. Unity Philippine Poetry
-NDBR MC
ENGLISH-MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION -PDWNAC
1960- WRITERS OF FICTION: -Nick Joaquin- Prose and Poems (1952)
-FKOAG -Dominador I. Ilio-the Diplomat and
F. Sionil Jose other Poems (1955)
Kerima Polaton-Tuvera -Bienvenido N. Santos- The Wounded
Ophelia Alcantara-Dimalanta Stag (1956)
Aida Rivera-Ford -Ricardo Demetillo-No Certain Weather
Gilda Cordero-Fernando (1956)
-Manuel A. Viray-After this Exile (1965) Francisco Arcellana-: Through a Glass
-Cirilo F. Bautista-The Cave (1968) Darky” in “This Week magazine.

Edilberto and Edith Tiempo- Siliman Pura Santillan-Castrence

Writer’s Workshop in 1961. Amador Daguio
-refine their skills. Estrella D. Alfon
-poets, fictionists, playwright and writers. -Where a Country Begins
-Weekly Women’s Magazine from 1955 to 1961
Lamberto E. Antonio -1962= Marking published a number essays
Pedro L. Ricarte Poetry Modern
Rogelio Mangahas Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil- respected
Virgilio Almario/Rio Alma- National Artist - My Humble Opinion for
for Literature. 12 years in the Manila
-LPRV Chronicle.
- Women enough and
“Manlilikha: Mga Piling Tula 1961-1967” Other Essays (1963)
-anti-commercialism anthology
Dominador I. Ilio-Icarus in Catechism Class.
-RBJA
Rolando S. Tinio- “Valedictorian sa Hillcrest” Lesson 5: Late 20th Century
Bienvenido Lumbera
Jose F. Lacaba 20th Century- 3 Decades
Antonio E. Samson - Key influence.
-concentrate objects rather than the abstract -Marcos: English texts abounded.
ideas. -1987 constitutions identified Filipino and
English as the two official languages of the
Carlos Angeles- “A Stun of Jewels” country.
-1964 Palanca Award
Amado V. Hernandez-National Artist For
Philippine Drama literature “Bayang Malaya” in 1970=political
Fernando Poe Sr. - UP student. and social realities.
-Directed Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero’s -Japanese Occupation
“Condemned” during this decade. -Tanggol, Tala, and Lantay

Metropolitan Theater- Avenue for directors NVM Gonzalez- COLLEGE CLASSES (JRLN)
to prove their abilities. Juan T. Gatbonton
 Jean Edades Resil B. Mojares
 Narcisco Pimentel Luis V. Teodoro
 Francisco Rodrigo Ninotchka Rosca
 Gerardo de Leon (Life Theater)
 Lamberto Avellana (Avenue Theater) Ruben Cuevas- “Promethus Unbound”
-anti-Marcos poem
Palanca Winners in the Category of Drama
Philippine Writer’s: Playwright Emmanuel S. Torres-“Shapes of Silence
-IWAJ 1972” martial law was declared.
-Isabel Taylor
-Wilfredo Nolledo 1979-Virgilio Almario’s “Doktrinang
-Alberto Florentino Anakpawis”
-Jesus Peralta
Jose F. Lacaba’s- “Ang Mga Kagila-gilalas na Philippine Poetry: -JDMJGM -CJMLHFC
Pakikipagsapalaran.”  J. Neil Garcia
 Danton Remoto
Philippines Free Press Shut down  Marne Kilates
Philippine Graphic  Juaniyo Arcellana
 Grace Monte de Ramos
Kamao, Panitikan ng Protesta (1970-  Merlinda Bobis
1986) - voice of dissatisfaction.
Versus-1986  Cesar Ruiz Aquino
STR-1989  Jim Agustin
 Ma. Luisa Aguilar-Carino
Poets Who Raised Their Voice in Protest:  Lina Sagaral Reyes
-BJEMT LEKTJ  Herminio Beltran Jr.
 Bienvenido Lumbera  Fanny Llego
 Jose Lacaba  Cesare Syjuco
 Emmanuel Lacaba
 Mila Aguilar Wilfedo Nolledo’s-But for the Lovers
 Teo Antonio Lovers-Japanese Colonization.

 Lamberto E. Antonio Sigwa- 1972= against social injustice

 Edgardo Maranan -Fanny Garcia
 Kris Montanez -Epifanio San Juan Jr.
 Tomas F. Agulto -Ricardo Lee
 Jesus Santiago
Jun Cruz Reyes- Utos ng Hari at Iba Pang
Jose Ma. Sison/Alan Jazmines/Judy Kuwento (1981)-abused masses.
Taguiwalo
- prison could stop our poets. Protest Fiction:
KAMAO
Gemino Abad/Alfredo Navarro DARE TO STRUGGLE, DARE TO WIN
Salanga/Tita Lacambra-Ayala /Alfred ULOS
Yuson-brave during martial law.
Succesful Short Story Anthologists:
1980s and 1990s-English and Filipino -Jose Y. Dalisay Jr.
-The Old-timer and other Stories (1985)
Marjorie Evasco- “Dreamweavers” in 1987 -Sarcophagus and other stories (1992)

Ramon C. Sunico’s- “The Secret of Graphite: Eric Gamalinda

Poems in 2 Tongues”-1989
Fatima V. Lim
“Wandering Roots, 1978-1988”
“From the Hothouse, 1989-1990”
Eric Gamalinda- “Lyrics from a Dead
Language” (1991)
-Charison Ong (1990)
-Peripheral Vision (1992)
NVM Gonzalez-The Praying Man (1982)
Alfred Yuson-Jungle Energy Café (1987)
Eric Gamalinda-Planet Waves (1989)
Asundon Grajo Uranza-Bamboo in the wind
(1990)by Asundo Grajo Uranza,’Dog
Eaters’(1990)
JESSICA HAGEDORN, The honey, the Locusts’ (
1992)
LINA ESPINA-Moore and ‘killing Time in a
warm Place’(1992)
Jose Y. Dalisay Jr.
Brilliant fictionists in the vernaculars included:
*Gremer Chan Reyes
*Mig Alvarez Enriquez
*Godofredo Roperos
*Dionisio Gabriel
*Ricardo Oebanda
*Alicia Tan-Gonzales
*Lina Espina-Moore
*Wilfredo Nolledo
Essayists were prolific in several outlets:
Magazines, newspapers,anthologies,taping into
his field experiences as a journalist,
NICK JOAQUIN (under his monicker Quijano de
Manila) published books like”Reportage on
politics and other Essays and Language of the
street and other Essays’
CONRADO DE QUIROS,another respected man
of the press, came up with ‘flowers from the
Rubble’ in 1990.in addition,
CARMEN GUERRERO NAKPILS ‘the Philippines’
was released in 1989,while the multi-faceted
ALFRED YUSON had’confessions of a Q.C.
house husband’ in 1991
The Palanca Awards have continued to bring
the best of our country’s finest writers.with
recognition now being extended to more
literary forms (like children’s literature and
vernacular texts)
The Palanca Awards have led to the discovery
of future generations of literary giants.in
1981,another award-giving body was
established:The Manila critics circle, which
tendered accolade upon literary texts in
English, Pilipino,and other local languages.
*ISAGANI CRUZ
*SOLEDAD REYES
*GEMINO ABAD
*DOREEN FERNANDEZ
*PRISCELINA P. LEGASTO
*MA. LUISA TORRES REYES
*EDNA Z. MANLAPAZ
Today,Philippines literature is highly dynamic
and colorfully diverse.
A plethora of genres reflects the abundance of
local cultures across the archipelago.certainly,
the literary traditions of English and Filipino
continue to be the juggernauts of the scene.
Delightlly,as you will see in the next unit, the
literature of local languages have emerge to
gain national and international attention as
well.

TALENTED ESSAY WRITERS INCLUDED:

*SYLVIA MAYUGA
*MAXIMO SOLIVEN
*JUAN GATBONTON
*AMADO DAYRIT
*NAPOLEON G.RAMA
*ALFREDO NAVARRO SALANGA
*NESTOR MATA

A significant number of essayists in

contemporary times have made a name for
themselves as writers and editors of
newspapers.