Depth-integrated momentum equations 水深積分型の基礎方程式

Seminar on numerical simulation

and tsunami (3) < Continuity equation >

津波数値解析法について(3)  Qx Qy

  0
t x y

Nonlinear long wave equation (2) < Momentum equation >

非線形長波方程式 (2)
  Qx    QxQy   
2
Qx  gm 2
     g   h  
2
Q x Q x  Qy
2
 e   
t x    h  y    h  x   h 7 3  
  Qx    Qy    Qx 
 2  e   e   e 0
x  x  y  x  y  y 
・Explicit method 陽解法の解き方
  QxQy    Qy 
2
Qy  gm 2
 g   h 
2 2
・Implicit method 陰解法の解き方      Qy Q x  Qy
t  
x    h  y    h  y   h 7 3

  Qy    Qx    Qy 

  e    e   2  e   0
x  x  x  y  y  y 
Unknown variables, ，Qx ，Qy ，e can be solved by numerical simulation.
e can be calculated by SDS-Model
未知量，Qx ，Qy ，e を数値計算により解く ←SDS-Model 等よりe を計算

Finite difference equation (1) 差分式 (1) Finite difference equation (2) 差分式 (2)
Continuity equation 連続式 Momentum equation in x direction 運動方程式（x方向）

 in1 2, j 1 2   in112, j 1 2 
t
 n 1 2 n 1 2

Qx i 1, j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2 
t
n 1 2 n 1 2
Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j  n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2

1 
  n

Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2


 n

Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2
  n n n n
 1  Qx i , j 1Qy i , j 1 Qx i , j Qy i , j
 


x y
t x   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  y   i , j 1  hi , j 1  i , j  hi , j
n n n n 
   
Unknown Known
   in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2
   
2
未知量 既知量 gm 2 2
 g  in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qy i , j 1 2
n n n

x  
 i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2
n 73

1  n  Qx i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2 
n n n n
Qx
2  e i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2
n

x  x x 


1  n Q
n
y i 1 2, j 1  Q
n
y i 1 2, j 1 Q
n
y i 1 2, j  Q
n

y i 1 2, j 
 e  e i , j
n

y  i , j 1 x x 
 
1  n Qx i , j 3 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
n n n n

 e  ei, j 0
y  i , j 1 y y 

 Modeling method for time direction (1)
Finite difference equation (3) 差分式 (3) 時間方向の補正 (1) Unknown variables
未知量
Momentum equation in y direction 運動方程式（y方向） Known variables are used for time (explicit method)
時間方向に対して，すべて既知の値を使う→陽解法
n 1 2 n 1 2
Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j

1  Qx i 1, j Qy i 1, j Qx i , j Qy i , j
n n


n n
 1 

n

Qy i 1 2, j 1 2
2

 n
 n
Qy i 1 2, j 1 2
2
 
 
t x   in1, j  hi 1, j  in, j  hi , j 
 y    i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2
i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2
n
    t
    in1 2, j 1 2
Q   Q     
n
i 1 2, j 1 2 gm 2 2 2
 n 1 2 2 n 1 2 2
  n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2

 g  in1 2, j  hi 1 2, j 
n n n
Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qx i 1 2, j 1 2 Qx i 1 2, j 1 2  1  Qx i , j 1Qy i , j 1 Qx i , j Qy i , j 
y  n
i 1 2, j  hi 1 2, j 73 x i 1 2, j y i 1 2, j
  n
 n  
x   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  y   i , j 1  hi , j 1
n

 i , j  hi , j 
n

   
1  n Qy i 3 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 
n n n n

  e i 1, j  e i , j
 
  
   
n n n 2
gm 2 2
x  x x   g  in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2
i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1 2, j 1 2

n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qy i , j 1 2
  x 
 in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 273

1  n Qx i 1, j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2  
n n n n
Q Q
1  n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2 
x i , j 1 2  n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
 e  e i , j
n x i , j 1 2 Qx  Qx i , j 1 2
2  e i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2
n
x  i 1, j y y 
 x  x x 

 Q
n
 Q
n
Q y i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j
n n

1  n y i 1 2, j 1 y i 1 2, j 0  Q
n 1 2
 Q
n 1 2
Q
n 1 2
 Q
n 1 2

2    e i 1 2, j 1 2 1  n
n
y i 1 2, j 1 y i 1 2, j 1 y i 1 2, j y i 1 2, j 
y    e  e i, j
n
 
1 2, 1 2
y y
e i j
  y  i , j 1 x x 
 
1  n Qx i , j 3 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
   ei, j 0
y  e i , j 1 y y 


Modeling method for time direction (2) Modeling method for time direction (3) 時間方向の補正 (3)
Unknown variables
時間方向の補正 (2) 未知量 Crank-Nicolson Method is used for some terms, but most of the term is modeled explicitly.
Rearranging the equation, 式を変形して，整理すると， In our model, Bed shear stress and Drag force term

時間方向に対して，一部の項にCrank-Nicolson Methodを使い，他は既知の値を使う
n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2



t   n 1 2
Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2
  n
n 1 2

Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2



 n 1 2 n 1 2

n 1 2 n 1 2
 t  Qx i , j 1Qy i , j 1 Qx i , j Qy i , j 
 ※水理研のModelでは底面せん断力項と抗力項
 n 
x   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  y   i , j 1  hi , j 1
n
 i , j  hi , j 
n Qx
n
can be expressed by using unknown and known variables.
   

   gtm 2
     is defined as a weight factor （0≦  ≦1）.
n n
i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1 2, j 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 2 n 1 2 2
 gt  in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qy i , j 1 2
x  n
i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2 
73

いま，Qx n の値を既知量と未知量を使って求める
t  n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx  Qx i , j 1 2
2  e i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2
n

x  x x   を重み係数（0≦  ≦1）とし，

Qx  1   Qx
n 1 2 n 1 2
  Qx
n
t  n Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1 Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2

  e i , j 1  ei, j
n

y  x x  Known Unknown
  既知量 未知量
t  n Qx i , j 3 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
 e  e i , j   1 ：完全陰解法（Complete implicit scheme）
y  i , j 1 y y 
 1
 ：Crank-Nicolson Method
2
  0 ：Explicit scheme
 Modeling method for time direction (4) Modeling method for time direction (5)
Unknown variables Unknown variables
時間方向の補正 (4) 未知量 時間方向の補正 (5) 未知量
n 1 2 n 1 2
  n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2
1  gtm 2
  
Qx i , j 1 2  Qy i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2
n 1 2 2 n 1 2 2

t  2 n
   h 
73 

Q  Q 
i , j 1 2 i , j 1 2
 2 2

1  Q Qy i , j 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2


1  x i 1 2, j 1 2

x   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2

x i 1 2, j 1 2 

Qy i , j 1
x i , j 1

 in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  y   in, j 1  hi , j 1

Q x i, j

 in, j  hi , j 
n 1 2
 Qx i , j 1 2 
t 
 
n 1 2
Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2


 n 1 2
Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2
  
 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
 t  Qx i , j 1Qy i , j 1 Qx i , j Qy i , j 
 

      
x   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  y  i , j 1  hi , j 1
n n n
 i , j  hi , j 
n

   
  Q 
n 1 2 n 1 2

    in1 2, j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2
Q
n
gm 2 n 1 2 2 n 1 2 2

  Q 
n 1 2
i 1 2, j 1 2
gtm 2Qx i , j 1 2
 g  in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2 
    in1 2, j 1 2
Q
n

x  i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2 7 3
n 2
x i , j 1 2 y i , j 1 2
 gt  in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2
i 1 2, j 1 2

x


2 n
 hi , j 1 2 
73
n 1 2 2
x i , j 1 2
n 1 2 2
y i , j 1 2
i , j 1 2
1  n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx  Qx i , j 1 2 Crank-Nicolson Method
t  n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
2  e i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2 Qx i 1, j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2
n

x  x x  2 e   e i 1 2, j 1 2
n
 x  i 1 2, j 1 2 x x 

 n 1 2 n 1 2
1  n Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1
n 1 2 n 1 2
Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j  
t  n Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1 Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
 e  ei, j
n

y  i , j 1 x x     ei, j
n

  y  , 1
x x 
e i j
 
1  n Qx i , j 3 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
  e i , j 1  e i , j 0  n 1 2 n 1 2
t  n Qx i , j 3 2  Qx i , j 1 2
n 1 2 n 1 2

n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
y  y y 

 e  e i, j
y  i , j 1 y y 


Modeling method for time direction (6)

時間方向の補正 (6) Unknown variables Modeling method for space(1) 空間方向の補正 (1)
未知量
Unknown variables are used for time.
→implicit method 陰解法 Averaged value in space is used. 空間方向に対して，周りの値で平均値を求める
Crank-Nicolson method is used for discretization
時間方向に対して，すべて未知の値を使う。
・iteration
・Thomas Method
すべての項にCrank-Nicolsonを使う Qx i 1 2, j 1 2 Qx i 1 2, j

n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2
1
2

 Qx i 1, j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2  
1
4

Qx i 1, j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
t
   
y y
 n 1 2 2 n 1 2 2
  n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2

1  Qx i 1 2, j 1 2 Qx i 1 2, j 1 2  1  Qx i , j 1Qy i , j 1 Qx i , j Qy i , j 
    j+1 j+1
x   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  y   in, j 1  hi , j 1  in, j  hi , j 
   


 g  i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2
n
 in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2
 
gm 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 2
 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qy i , j 1 2   
2

x 
 in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2
73

j j
1  n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx  Qx i , j 1 2
2  e i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2
n

x  x x 

 n 1 2 n 1 2
1  n Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1
n 1 2 n 1 2
Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j  
 e  e i, j
n

y  i , j 1 x x  j-1 j-1
  i-1 i i+1 i-1 i i+1
x x
1  n Qx i , j 3 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
Q x i , j 1 2  Q x i , j 1 2 
   ei, j 0
n

y  e i , j 1 y y 

   Qx 
2
Modeling method for space(2) 空間方向の補正 (2)   Q x Qy  Example of the discretization (1) 補正例 (1)
,  
x    h  y    h  Model in our lab （2D nolinear long wave model for tsunami calculation）
Up-wind difference is used especially for discretizing the advection term.
水理研Model（2次元非線形長波_Tsunami）
特に移流項に対して，風上差分（up-wind difference）を用いる

For discretizing, the value at upwind grid is used.

y ある点での流れに対して， Modeling method for time direction
j+1 その風上側（上流側）との点と差分を取る
Crank –Nicolson method is used for shear stress term and drag force term
When Qx i , j 1 2  0 底面せん断力項（+抗力項）についてはCrank-Nicolson
  Qx  1  Qx i , j 1 2
2

 2


 
Qx i 1, j 1 2
2
 
 Other terms are known variables Explicit method is used
j x    h  x   i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2  i 1, j 1 2  hi 1, j 1 2 
  それ以外は既知量 陽解法
When Qx i , j 1 2  0 Modeling method for space
j-1   Qx  1 
2



Qx i 1, j 1 2
2



Qx i , j 1 2 
2


 ・advection term is discretized by up-wind scheme method
i+1 x    
i-1 i x    h  x   i 1, j 1 2  hi 1, j 1 2  i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2 
・Other terms are defined an average value in space
  Qx  1 
2

 r1
Qx i 1, j 1 2
2
  r2

Qx i , j 1 2
2

 r3
 Qx i 1, j 1 2
2
 
   空間方向の補正
 
x    h  x   i 1, j 1 2  hi 1, j 1 2  i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2  i 1, j 1 2  hi 1, j 1 2 
・移流項については風上差分
When Qx i , j 1 2  0 r1 , r2 , r3    1, 1, 0
When Qx i , j 1 2  0 r1 , r2 , r3   0 ,  1, 1 ・それ以外は周りの値で平均を取る

Example of the discretization (2) 補正例 (2) Example of the discretization (3) 補正例 (3)

n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2
t

1 
n

Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2


 n
Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2
 
 
① 
x   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 
n n

 1
 Q
x i 1 2, j 1 2
n
 2
x i 1 2, j 1 2  Q n
2
  
①  x   n  n
 i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 
i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2
  
1  
n 1 2
Qx i 1, j 1 2
2


n 1 2 2
Qx i , j 1 2  
 n 1 2
Qx i 1, j 1 2
2


 
1  Q Qy i , j 1 Q Qy i , j 
n n n n
 r r r
x   i 1, j 1 2  hi 1, j 1 2  i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2  i 1, j 1 2  hi 1, j 1 2 
1 n 2 n 3 n
x i , j 1 x i, j
②    
y   in, j 1  hi , j 1  in, j  hi , j 
 
 in3 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2 hi 3 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2
    in1, j 1 2  hi 1, j 1 2  
 
n n
i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1 2, j 1 2
③  g  in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2 2 2
x
 in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2 hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2
gm 2
      hi , j 1 2  
n
2 2
 Qx i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qy i , j 1 2 i , j 1 2
n n n
④ 2 2

 i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2
n 73
  n
 n
hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 3 2, j 1 2
i 1 2, j 1 2 i  3 2, j 1 2
 in1, j 1 2  hi 1, j 1 2  
1  Qx i 1, j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2 
n n n n
2 2
⑤  2 x  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2
n n

x x 
  2 

r1 n

n 1 2
Qx i 1, j 1 2
2
  r2 n
n 1 2 2
Qx i , j 1 2  
1  n Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1 Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j  
n n n n
x   i 3 2, j 1 2   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 3 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2
n
 i 1 2, j 1 2   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2
n
   
n
⑥ 
y  i , j 1 x x 
e ei, j

 
 r3
Q n 1 2
x i 1, j 1 2 
2


1  n Qx i , j 3 2  Qx i , j 1 2 When Qx i , j 1 2  0 r1 , r2 , r3    1, 1, 0 
n n n n

n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2   hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 3 2, j 1 2 
n 1 2
 e  ei, j 0  n
 n
⑦ y  i , j 1 y y 
i 1 2, j 1 2 i  3 2, j 1 2

 When Qx i , j 1 2  0 r1 , r2 , r3   0 ,  1, 1
n 1 2
Example of the discretization (4) 補正例 (4) Example of the discretization (5) 補正例 (5)

1  Qx i , j 1Qy i , j 1 Qx i , j Qy i , j  1  Qx i , j 1Qy i , j 1 Qx i , j Qy i , j 
n n n n n n n n

   
② ②
y   in, j 1  hi , j 1  in, j  hi , j  y   in, j 1  hi , j 1  in, j  hi , j 
   

1  Qx i , j 1 2Qy i , j 1 2
r4 n
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2Qy i , j 1 2
 r5 n
Qx i , j 3 2Qy i , j 3 2 
 r6 n
n 1 2 n 1 2

r4
n 1 2

1  Qx i , j 1 2 Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2

y   i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2  i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2  i , j 3 2  hi , j 3 2  2y   in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2
  

 in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2 hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  r5
n 1 2
 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2 Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1
n 1 2

 n
i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2    n
 n
 hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2
2 2 i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1 2, j 1 2

 in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2 
 in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2

hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2
 r6

Qx i , j 3 2 Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j  2  Qy i 1 2, j  2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2

2 2  in1 2, j 3 2   in1 2, j 3 2  hi 1 2, j 3 2  hi 1 2, j 3 2 

 in1 2, j 3 2   in1 2, j 3 2 hi 1 2, j 3 2  hi 1 2, j 3 2
 in, j 3 2  hi , j 3 2  
2 2
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j
When Qy i , j 1 2  0 r4 , r5 , r6    1, 1, 0
n 1 2
n 1 2
Qy i , j 1 2 
4
When Qy i , j 1 2  0 r4 , r5 , r6   0 ,  1, 1
n 1 2
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
n 1 2
Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1
Qy i , j 1 2  n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1
4 n 1 2
 Qy i , j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 4
n 1 2
Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j  2  Qy i 1 2, j  2
Qy i , j  3 2 
4

Example of the discretization (6) 補正例 (6) Example of the discretization (7) 補正例 (7)

③ g  in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2 
 in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2
④
gm 2 n
 n
 
2
Qx i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qy i , j 1 2
n
 2

x  n
i , j 1 2 h n
i , j 1 2 
73

 n
i 1 2, j 1 2  n
i 1 2, j 1 2 hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2
 in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2  
  Q 
n 1 2 n 1 2
2 2 gm 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2
Q n 1 2 2 n 1 2 2

 n
i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2 73
2
x i , j 1 2 y i , j 1 2

 in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2 hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2
g
2 x
 
 in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2   in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2  
2 2
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
n 1 2
Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1
Qy i , j 1 2 
4

 
2
n 1 2 n 1 2  n 1 2
 Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
gm 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2
73
Q n 1 2 2
x i , j 1 2    Q y i 1 2, j

4 
 n   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2   
2 i 1 2, j 1 2 
 2 
 
Example of the discretization (8) 補正例 (8) Example of the discretization (9) 補正例 (9)

1  n  Qx i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2  1  n Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1 Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 
n n n n n n n n
Qx 
⑤ 2  e i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2 e  e i , j
n
⑥  n

x  x x 
 y  i , j 1 x x 
 

1  n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2  1  n Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx  Qx i , j 1 2 Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 
2  e i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2 e  e i , j
n

n

x  x x 
 y  i , j 1 x x 
 
 e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 3 2   e i 1 2, j 3 2
n n n n

 e i , j 1 
n

4
 e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2
n n n n

 
n
ei, j
4

1  n
n 1 2 n 1 2
Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1
 e 
4y  i 1 2, j 1 2
  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 3 2   e i 1 2, j 3 2
n n n

x


 Qy i 1 2, j 
n 1 2 n 1 2


  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2
n n n n
Q y i 1 2, j

x 


Example of the discretization (10) 補正例 (10) Example of the discretization (11) 補正例 (11) Unknown variables
未知量
Rearranging all the term: まとめて整理すると，
1  n Qx i , j 3 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
n n n n

⑦   e i , j 1  e i , j
y  y y 

 
 n 1 2 2
 n 1 2
  n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 2 
 gm t 16 Qx i , j 1 2  Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1  n 1 2
2

1  73 Qx i , j 1 2
  n   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  
8 i 1 2, j 1 2 
1  n Qx i , j 3 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2 
  2  
  e i , j 1  e i , j    
y  y y 

n 1 2
 Qx i , j 1 2
 e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 3 2   e i 1 2, j 3 2
n n n n

 
n
e i , j 1
4


2t 
r1 n
n 1 2
Qx i 1, j 1 2
2
   r2 n
n 1 2 2
Qx i , j 1 2  

x   i 3 2, j 1 2   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 3 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  i 1 2, j 1 2   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2
   
n n n n n n

 ei, j 
n e i 1 2, j 1 2 e i 1 2, j 1 2 e i 1 2, j 1 2 e i 1 2, j 1 2 
4
 r3 n
n 1 2
Qx i 1, j 1 2
2
  

 i 1 2, j 1 2   in3 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 3 2, j 1 2 

1  n
n 1 2 n 1 2

 e 
4y  i 1 2, j 1 2
  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 3 2   e i 1 2, j  3 2
n n n

y

Qx i , j 3 2  Qx i , j 1 2

t  Qx i , j 1 2 Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
 n 1 2
 n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2 Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1
n 1 2 n 1 2

  r4  r5
2y   in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2

 Qx i , j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2


  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2
n n n n
Q x i , j 1 2

y   r6

Qx i , j 3 2 Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j  2  Qy i 1 2, j  2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2

  in1 2, j 3 2   in1 2, j 3 2  hi 1 2, j 3 2  hi 1 2, j 3 2 

gt n

2x
 
 i 1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2 
Example of the discretization (12) 補正例 (12) Method for modeling eddy viscosity e (1) 渦動粘性係数e の決定 (1)

（Continue from the previous slide 式の続き） Eddy viscosity is solved using SDS（Sub-Depth Scale） by Nadaoka & yagi (1993).
Turbulent kinetic energy kD is solved for obtaining the eddy viscosity.
渦動粘性係数は灘岡・八木（1993）のSDS（Sub-Depth Scale）モデルに倣い，
n 1 2
 n 1 2
 
2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
gm 2 tQx i , j 1 2 16 Qx i , j 1 2  Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1
n 1 2
 2

 73 乱れエネルギー：kD の輸送方程式を解くことによって与える
 n   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 
8 i 1 2, j 1 2 
 2 
 
For large scale eddy motion, energy dissipation by bed shear stress and vegetation
2t  n Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i 1, j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx i 1, j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2
 e   e i 1 2, j 1 2
n
drag produces sub-depth scale (SDS) turbulence
x  i 1 2, j 1 2 x x 

このモデルでは，大規模渦運動について，底面摩擦および樹木抵抗によって
t  n
n 1 2 n 1 2
Qy i 1 2, j 1  Qy i 1 2, j 1
 e 
4y  i 1 2, j 1 2
  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j  3 2   e i 1 2, j 3 2
n n n
 x
失ったエネルギーがすべてSDS turbulenceの生産につながるとしたもの

Qy i 1 2, j  Qy i 1 2, j 
n 1 2 n 1 2


  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2
n n n n
 x 
Turbulent kinetic energy balance equation 乱れエネルギー：kD の輸送方程式

k D k k 1    k D  1    k D 
 U D V D     h  e     h  e 
t  n   h x   k x    h y   k y 
n 1 2 n 1 2

 e 
4y  i 1 2, j 1 2
  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 3 2   e i 1 2, j 3 2
n n n

Qx i , j 3 2  Qx i , j 1 2
y
t x y
  pkh  pkv  pkd   D
 Qx i , j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2


  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2
n n n n
Q x i , j 1 2

y  From kD , eddy viscositye is decided.


得られたkD から渦動粘性係数e を求める
2
kD
 e  cw
D

Method for modeling eddy viscosity e (3) 渦動粘性係数e の決定 (3)

Method for modeling eddy viscosity e (2) 渦動粘性係数e の決定 (2)
Energy equation of kD is :
Each term express: 各モデル式は， kD の輸送方程式をまとめると
Turbulent energy production by lateral shear deformation k D k k 1    k D  1    k D 
水平せん断変形による乱れエネルギー生産：  U D V D     h  e     h  e 
  U 2
  U V   V
2

2
 t x y   h x   k x    h y   k y 
pkh   e 2       2  
  x   x y   y    U 2
  U V 
2
 V 
2
 32

  e 2       2  
gm 2
U 2 V 2 
32

1

bref nCD all U 2  V 2 
32
 cd
kD
   h 
  x   x y  y    h 
43
  2
Turbulent energy production by bed shear friction
 
2
gm 32
底面摩擦による乱れエネルギー生産： pkv  U 2 V 2 Above differential equation is explicitly discretized and kD is solved.
  h
43

上式を陽的に差分化し，kD を求める
Turbulent energy production by vegetation drag
樹林抵抗による乱れエネルギー生産： The location of calculation grid of kD ，e is the same with that of water depth
Values of the model parameter for space and time direction
pkd 
1
2
bref nCD all U 2  V 2  32
各モデルパラメータ
kD ，e の計算点は（時間・空間方向ともに）水位と同じ
 k  1.0 , cw  0.09 , cd  0.17 ,   0.08
Other that he 1st term of the left-hand side equation, known variables are used (explicit method)
Turbulent energy dissipation Thuy et al.(2009)
・左辺算点第1項以外は既知の値を使う（陽解法）
乱れエネルギー消散率：  k  1.0 , cw  0.09 , cd  0.17 ,   0.1  1 1 1
kD
32
Center of the discretization is defined: n  , i  , j  
 D  cd Nadaoka & Yagi(1993)  2 2 2 
   h  灘岡・八木(1993) ・差分の中心は連続式と同じで， Time Space
時間 空間
Method for modeling eddy viscosity e (4) 渦動粘性係数e の決定 (4) Method for modeling eddy viscosity e (5) 渦動粘性係数e の決定 (5)
Unknown variables
未知量
   k D i , j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2
Discretizing each term 各項ごとに差分化していく 1    k  1  kD
   h  e D   n 1 2   h  e i 1, j 1 2
n 1
  h x   k x   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 x  k x 

k D k D i 1 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2
n


1  n 1 2
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
e  k D i 1 2, j 1 2
t t 
 n 1 2
1
 hi 1 2, j 1 2 x 
  kD
 i 1, j 1 2  hi 1, j 1 2 i 1, j 1 2 i 3 2, j 1 2
k x
n 1 2 n 1 2
i 1 2, j 1 2 
k D k D i 1, j 1 2  k D i , j 1 2
 U i n112,2 j 1 2 n 1 2
k D i 1 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2

 
U
x x
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1

  in, j 112 2  hi , j 1 2
e i , j 1 2

x 
k D i 3 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2 k D i 1 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2 k 
U i n, j 1122  U i n1,1j21 2 
 2 2
2 x 1 1   i 3 2, j 1 2   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 3 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  e i 3 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2 k D i 3 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1

n 1 n 1 
U i n, j 1122  U i n1,1j21 2 k D i 3 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2  n 1
 hi 1 2, j 1 2 x  2 2 k x
 i 1 2, j 1 2 
2 2x
 in112, j 1 2   in112, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2 k D i 1 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2 
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1

n 1 2 n 1 2 
k D k k 2 2 k x 
V  Vi n112,2j 1 2
D i 1 2, j 1 D i 1 2, j 
y y
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
k D i 1 2, j 3 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2 k D i 1 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2
V n 1 2
V n 1 2 

i 1 2, j i 1 2, j 1 2 2
2 y
n 1 n 1
Vi n112,2j  Vi n112,2j 1 k D i 1 2, j 3 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2

2 2y

Method for modeling eddy viscosity e (6) 渦動粘性係数e の決定 (6) Method for modeling eddy viscosity e (7) 渦動粘性係数e の決定 (7)

   k D i 1 2, j    U  
n 1 2 n 1 2 2 2 2
1    k D  1  kD   U V   V
   h  e   n 1 2   h  e i 1 2, j 1  e 2       2  
  h y   k y   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 y  k y  x   x y   y
    
 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
 k D i 1 2, j 1 2   U n 1 2  U n 1 2  2  U n 1 2  U n 1 2 V n 1 2  V n 1 2 2 2

 n 1 2
1 1  n 1 2
 i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 y 
 e

k
k
 i 1 2, j 1  hi 1 2, j 1 i 1 2, j 1 i 1 2, j 3 2
D

y
   e i 1 2, j 1 2 2
n 1 2 i 1, j 1 2 i , j 1 2
   i 1, j 1 2 i , j 1 2

i 1 2, j 1 i 1 2, j
  V n 1 2  V n 1 2
  2 i 1 2, j 1 i 1 2, j

 
  x  
   x  y 


 y 
 
 
 e i 1 2, j k D i 1 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2 
n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2

    U n 1 2  U n 1 2   U n 1 2  U n 1 2 V n 1 2  V n 1 2 
2 2 2
  in1122, j  hi 1 2, j   V n 1 2  V n 1 2 
  e i 1 2, j 1 2 2    i 1, j 1 2   2 i 1 2, j 1 i 1 2, j  
n 1 i 1, j 1 2 i , j 1 2 i , j 1 2 i 1 2, j 1 i 1 2, j
k y  
   x  
  x y 


 y 
 
 

1   i 1 2, j 3 2   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 3 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  e i 1 2, j 3 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2 k D i 1 2, j 3 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
1

 n 1
 hi 1 2, j 1 2 y  2 2 k y

U 
i 1 2, j 1 2
gm 2

U 2 V 2 32

gm 2 n 1 2
  V
2 n 1 2 2 32
   h 4 3  
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
 i 1 2, j 1 2   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2 k D i 1 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2 
n 1 n 1
n 1 2
 hi 1 2, j 1 2
43 i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1 2, j 1 2
 i 1 2, j 1 2
2 2 k y 
  U n 1 2  U n 1 2  2  V n 1 2  V n 1 2 2

32
gm 2 
  i 1, j 1 2 i , j 1 2
   i 1 2, j 1 i 1 2, j  
 n 1
i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 
43


2  
  2 
 

 Method for modeling eddy viscosity e (9) 渦動粘性係数e の決定 (9)
Method for modeling eddy viscosity e (8) 渦動粘性係数e の決定 (8)
Unknown variables
k
n
 k
n 1 未知量
 
D i 1 2, j 1 2 D i 1 2, j 1 2
1
2

bref nCD all U 2  V 2 32

1
2
bref nCD all U i n112,2 j 1 2   V
2 n 1 2
i 1 2, j 1 2
2 32

t
 
n 1 n 1
U i n, j 1122  U i n1,1j21 2 k D i 3 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2  
t
 n 1
 n 1
Vi n112,2j  Vi n112,2j 1 k D i 1 2, j 3 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2 
4x 4y
32
 U    
2 2


1
bref nCD all 
n 1 2
i 1, j 1 2 U n 1 2
i , j 1 2
 V
 
n 1 2
i 1 2, j 1 V n 1 2
i 1 2, j

 
n 1

t   i 3 2, j 1 2   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 3 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  e i 3 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2 k D i 3 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1


2  2  
  2 
  4 k x 2 

 n 1
   hi 1 2, j 1 2
 
i 1 2, j 1 2

 n 1
i 1 2, j 1 2  n 1 n 1

  in112, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2 k D i 1 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2 
n 1 n 1


 in112, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 


kD
32
 cd
k n 1 2
D i 1 2, j 1 2  32

 cd
k n 1
D i 1 2, j 1 2
32
 
n 1
 n 1
 n 1 n 1

t   i 1 2, j 3 2   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 3 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  e i 1 2, j 3 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2 k D i 1 2, j 3 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2
n 1 n 1

     
cd
   h  n 1 2
i 1 2, j 1 2 h i 1 2, j 1 2
n 1
i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 4 k y 2 

 in112, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2

 n 1
i 1 2, j 1 2  n 1 n 1

  in112, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  e i 1 2, j 1 2   e i 1 2, j 1 2 k D i 1 2, j 1 2  k D i 1 2, j 1 2 
n 1 n 1


 in112, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 

  U n 1 2  U n 1 2   U n 1 2  U n 1 2 V n 1 2  V n 1 2
2

2
 V n 1 2  V n 1 2 
2

 t e i 1 2, j 1 2 2    i 1, j 1 2   2 i 1 2, j 1 i 1 2, j  
n 1 i 1, j 1 2 i , j 1 2 i , j 1 2 i 1 2, j 1 i 1 2, j

  x  
  x y 


 y 
 
 
32
gtm 2  U n 1 2  U n 1 2  2  V n 1 2  V n 1 2 
2

  i 1, j 1 2 i , j 1 2
   i 1 2, j 1 i 1 2, j  
 n 1
i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 
43


2  
  2 
 


tbref nCD all  U i 1, j 1 2  U i , j 1 2   Vi 1 2, j 1  Vi 1 2, j  

n 1 2 n 1 2
2
n 1 2 n 1 2
2 32



tc d k D i 1 2, j 1 2
n 1
32

 
2  2 


 2  
    in112, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2 


Details of numerical analysis(1) 数値解析 (1)

Flow Chart Water surface elevation is calculated
START Flow of numerical simulation 数値解析の流れ ① from continuity equation
連続式の差分式から水位を計算
Input Data and Constants Boundary condition is applied in this grid
境界条件
② e are solved by SDS-Model
Initial Condition y SDS-Modelから渦動粘性係数を計算

Time Cycle : n =1~ne Next time step 次の時間ステップへ

Space Cycle : i =1~ie-1
Wave Generation ③ Unit discharge is solved by momentum
Water surface elevation is calculated from equation
continuity equation 運動方程式の差分式から線流量を計算
Calculation of 
連続式の差分式から水位を計算
Next time step 次の時間ステップへ
Space Cycle : i =1~ie-1
Next Step (return to ① )
Calculation of kD and e kD and e are solved by SDS-Model
以降，時間ステップを進めながら
SDS-ModelからkD とe を求める
計算を繰り返す

Calculation of Q Space Cycle : i =1~ie-1

Unit discharge is solved by momentum
Output equation x
運動方程式の差分式から線流量を計算
END
Details of numerical analysis(2) 数値解析 (2) Details of numerical analysis(3) 数値解析 (3)
Initial condition and boundary condition 初期条件と境界条件
［Initial condition 初期条件］ Edge of the run-up boundary (Iwasaki & Mano, 1979)
Still water depth,
遡上端境界（岩崎・真野，1979）
water surface elevation and unit discharge is zero at all the calculated point
Calculated from momentum equation
静水状態（波がない状態）とし，すべての計算点で水位と線流量が0
運動方程式より計算
［Boundary condition 境界条件］ Q0
① wave generation boundary Wave height 波高H，wave period 周期T
造波境界 Sine wave is generated 正弦波を造波する
H  2 
 1n2  sin nt 
2  T  Front of the surge
波の先端
②Channel side boundary Perfect reflection (mirror of image)
Wall 壁
水路端境界 完全反射境界（鏡像の原理）
Qx ie  0
Qy ie 1 2 Qy ie 1 2
 ie 1 2   ie 1 2

Qx ie 1  Qx ie 1

Qy ie 1 2  Qy ie 1 2  ie 1 2  ie 1 2
Qx ie 1 Qx ie Qx ie 1

Non-reflective wave generation boundary (1) 無反射性造波境界の導入 (1) Non-reflective wave generation boundary (2) 無反射性造波境界の導入 (2)
Non-reflective wave generation boundary is derived by characteristic curve method
Ceq is multiplied to the nonlinear term of the momentum equation.
with 1D linear long wave equation and small amplitude theory.
係数Ceq を運動方程式の非線形項に掛けて
特性曲線法による無反射性造波境界は， Ceq
1次元線形長波方程式 + 微小振幅波理論 のもとで導出 Linear wave region 線形長波領域： Ceq  0 1
Non-reflective wave generation boundary Transition region 遷移領域： 0  Ceq  1
無反射性造波境界 Non-linear long wave region 非線形長波領域： Ceq  1
y

Transition  Qx Qy x

  0 0
Linear long zone from t x y
wave linear to
  Qx 
2
Qx   Q x Qy   gm 2
  g Ceq  h 
non-liner Non-linear long wave
Tsunami  Ceq    Ceq   Ceq
2
Q Q  Qy
2

津波 線形長波
long wave 非線形長波 t x    h  y    h  x   h 7 3 x x
遷移領域    Qx    Qy    Qx 
 Ceq 2  e   e   e   0
 x  x  y  x  y  y 

  Qy 
2
Variable still water depth Qy   Q x Qy   gm 2
Constant still water depth  g Ceq  h 
2 2
 Ceq 
   Ceq
  Ceq Q Q  Qy
一定水深
任意水深 t x    h  y    h  y   h 7 3 y x
x    Qy    Qx    Qy 
 Ceq   e    e   2  e   0
is iEL 0 ie  x  x  x  y  y  y 
 Non-reflective wave generation boundary
Non-reflective wave generation boundary (3) 無反射性造波境界 Non-reflective wave generation boundary (4) ：calculation domain 解析領域
無反射性造波境界の導入 (3) ○ × 無反射性造波境界の導入 (4) ：calculated points in the domain
解析領域内計算点
：boundary condition 境界条件
Non-reflective wave generation condition is derived y
under 1D nonlinear long wave equation. ：wave generation condition 造波条件
特性曲線法による無反射性造波境界は，
1次元線形長波方程式 のもとで導出 Reflected Reflected
wave wave
反射波 反射波
Reflected wave propagates perpendicular to wave
generation boundary
反射波は造波境界に対して直角に進んでくる

Qy  0 Qy  0
Qy  0

Until 2 grids from wave generation boundary, wall

condition is applied like a comb.

造波境界から2メッシュ目まで櫛状に壁を入れる（ Qy  0 ）

Qy is calculated from 3 grids from the boundary.

x
Qy は3メッシュ目以降計算する

Appendix: Details of the implicit method (2) Unknown variables

Appendix: Details of the implicit method (1) （補足）陰解法の解き方 (1)
（補足）陰解法の解き方 (2) 未知量

For time direction, known variables are used for solving finite difference equation
・Thomas Method of momentum equation in x direction
x方向の運動方程式の差分式→時間方向に対して，すべて未知の値を使う
→to be explained when solving method of Boussinesq Equation is explained
→Boussinesq Equationのときに解説 n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2

・Iteration（反復計算） t


1 
  n 1 2
Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2
 

n 1 2
Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2
   n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
 1  Qx i , j 1Qy i , j 1 Qx i , j Qy i , j 
 
n 1 2

→During the same time step, values are updated and convergence is judged. x   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  y   in, j 1  hi , j 1  in, j  hi , j 
   

同じ時間ステップ内で，値を更新しながら繰り返し計算を行い， 
 g  i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2
n
 in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2
 
gm 2 n 1 2

n 1 2 2
  n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qy i , j 1 2 2
0
x 
 in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2
73

計算結果を収束させていく
Variables to be obtained 求めたい値
When the difference between new and old data is within some error, the calculation n 1 2 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2
is forwarded to next step.


t  
n 1 2
Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2



n 1 2
Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2



 n 1 2 n 1 2

n 1 2 n 1 2
 t  Qx i , j 1Qy i , j 1 Qx i , j Qy i , j 

  
x   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  y  i , j 1  hi , j 1
n n n
 i , j  hi , j 
n
新値と旧値（1回前に求めた値）の誤差が一定以下になったら    
次の時間ステップに進む
 gt   n
 hi , j 1 2 
 in1 2, j 1 2   in1 2, j 1 2

gtm 2
Q
n 1 2
 Q  
n 1 2 2 n 1 2
 Qy i , j 1 2 
2
i , j 1 2
x  i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2 7 3 x i , j 1 2 x i , j 1 2
n
 Appendix: Details of the implicit method (3) （補足）陰解法の解き方 (3)
Appendix: Details of the implicit method (4) （補足）陰解法の解き方 (4)
First step: Previous time step data is put into unknown variables in the right hand
side of the equation.
まず，右辺の未知量に前の時間ステップの値を入れる New value
Q n 1 2

x i , j 1 2 1
n 1 2
 Qx i , j 1 2
（n - 1/2） 今回求めた値
Correct value


t 
 n 1 2

Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2


 n 1 2
Qx i 1 2, j 1 2 2
 
 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2
 t  Qx i , j 1Qy i , j 1 Qx i , j Qy i , j 
 
n 1 2
 Relaxation 求めたい値
x   i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  i 1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  y   i , j 1  hi , j 1
n n n
 i , j  hi , j 
n
緩和
   


 gt  in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2
 n


i 1 2, j 1 2   n
i 1 2, j 1 2

g tm 2
1 2 1 2 2 n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qy i , j 1 2
n n
    2
New iteration value
Q n 1 2

x i , j 1 2 2 
x 
 in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2
73
 更新後の値
Previous iteration value
Q n 1 2

x i , j 1 2 1

Values are updated using relaxation factor CL 前回求めた値

n 1 2
Qx i , j 1 2
緩和係数CL を使って値の更新 Previous time step data
前時間ステップの値
Previous value
前回求めた値 CL  1 Over relaxation 過緩和 Number of iteration Number of iteration

 
反復計算回数
Q n 1 2
x i , j 1 2 1  n 1 2
 Qx i , j 1 2  CL Qx i , j 1 2
n 1 2
   Q
1
n 1 2
x i , j 1 2 CL  1 No relaxation 緩和なし
反復計算回数

New value CL  1 Under relaxation 不足緩和

今回求めた値

0 . 4  C L  0 .6

Appendix: Details of the implicit method (5) （補足）陰解法の解き方 (5) Appendix: Details of the implicit method (6) （補足）陰解法の解き方 (6)
Variables to be obtained 求めたい値
n 1 2 n 1 2
Method for judging convergence 収束判定
Qx i , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2
・Absolute value is less than some value 絶対誤差が一定以下になる

t 
 
n 1 2
Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2


 n 1 2
Qx i 1 2, j 1 2
2
 

 n 1 2 n 1 2  
n 1 2 n 1 2
 t  Qx i , j 1Qy i , j 1 Qx i , j Qy i , j 

x   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  y   in, j 1  hi , j 1

 in, j  hi , j 
   Q n 1 2
  Q
x i , j 1 2 2 
n 1 2

x i , j 1 2 1 

   gtm
   
n n 2
i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1 2, j 1 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 2 n 1 2 2
 gt  in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2  Qx i , j 1 2 Qx i , j 1 2  Qy i , j 1 2
x  n
i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2 73
・Relative error is less than some value 相対誤差が一定以下になる
First step: Q n 1 2
 is put in unknown variables.
Q   Q  
x i , j 1 2 1
n 1 2 n 1 2
ex.)
まず，右辺の未知量に Qx ni ,j121 2 1 を値を入れる   x i , j 1 2 2 

x i , j 1 2 1
  0.05 ：Error 誤差5%
Q n 1 2

x i , j 1 2 2  Q
n 1 2
x i , j 1 2
Q  n 1 2
x i , j 1 2 1
  0.01 ：Error 誤差1%
 
n 1 2
t  Qx i 1 2, j 1 2 1  2 n 1 2

Qx i 1 2, j 1 2 1  
 2
 n 1 2 n 1 2

 t  Qx i , j 1 1 Qy i , j 1 1 Qx i , j 1 Qx i , j
n 1 2n 1 2
     
1
   
x   in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  in1 2, j 1 2  hi 1 2, j 1 2  y   in, j 1  hi , j 1  in, j  hi , j 

   

   gtm 2
Q  Q     Q 
n n 2
 gt  in, j 1 2  hi , j 1 2
i 1 2, j 1 2 i 1 2, j 1 2

n 1 2 n 1 2 2 n 1 2 
x  n
i , j 1 2  hi , j 1 2 
73 x i , j 1 2 1 x i , j 1 2 1 y i , j 1 2
1 

Values are updated by using relaxation factor CL

緩和係数CL を使って値の更新 Q n 1 2
  Q
x i , j 1 2 2 
n 1 2
x i , j 1 2 1  
 CL Qx i , j 1 2
n 1 2
   Q
2
n 1 2
x i , j 1 2 1 
 ※Flow chart for solving eddy viscosity term
Appendix: Details of the implicit method (7) （補足）陰解法の解き方 (7) Flow Chart is omitted
START 渦動粘性項略

New values are calculated by using old time step data.

前回の値を使って新しい値を計算する Input Data and Constants

Initial Condition
New values are further updated by using the relaxation factor and related values. Time Cycle : n =1~ne
得られた値を緩和係数を用いて緩和して更新する
Wave Generation
Space Cycle : i =1~ie-1
The difference with previous iteration data is calculated. Water surface elevation is calculated
Calculation of  by continuity equation
前回の値との誤差を計算する
iteration 連続式の差分式から水位を計算

Space Cycle : i =1~ie-1

Is the difference smaller than the No： Next iteration Unit discharge is calculated by
Calculation of Q
Value for judging the convergence? 一番上へ戻って反復計算 momentum equation
誤差が一定値以下 [relaxation] 運動方程式の差分式から線流量を計算

Convergence
Q n 1 2
  Q  
x i , j 1 2 2 
n 1 2
x i , j 1 2 1

Yes：Next time step
No Q  n 1 2
x i , j 1 2 1
Yes
次の時間ステップへ
Output

END