DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB

7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2

1.6
6.4

column strip

3.2
6.4

3.2
6.4

Middle strip

1.6
1.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 1.8

1. Characteritics compressive strength of concrete, fck = 20 KN/m2

2. Yield strength of concrete, fy = 415 KN/m2
3. Floor to Floor height fo column = 3.35 m
4. Clear cover of slab = 20 mm
5. Width of Edge beam = 300 mm
6. Depth of Edge beam = 600 mm
7. Diameter of bars = 12 mm
8. Size of column(square/Rectangular) = 450 x 450 mm
8 Depth of Slab
Basic L/d ratio for contineous slab = 26
Assume modification factor = 1.33 1 To 1.5
Eff.depth required = Span/L/d ratio x M.F
= 7200/26x1.33
= 208.21 mm
Provide total depth = 240 mm
Eff.depth provided = 214 mm

9 Load calculations
2
Self wt. of slab = 6 KN/m
Floor finishes = 0.45 KN/m2
Live Load = 4 KN/m2
2
Total load, w = 10.45 KN/m
Ultimate design load, wu = 16.511 KN/m2

10 Check for requirement of direct design method

a) No.of spans is more than 3
b) Long span/short, ratio = 1.125 <2
 c) Columns are not staggered
e) Successive span in each directions are equal
2 2
f) Design live load = 6 KN/m < 3 x D.L = 27 KN/m

All the requirements are satisfied and, therefore, direct design method
can be used

11 Drop
Minimum dimensions of drop in each direction
Length of drop along long span L1/3 = 2.4 m
Length of drop along long span L2/3 = 2.1333 m
Size of drop is conveniently selected such that it lies
along the column strips.
Minimum width of column strip = 3.2 m
Provide drop size 3.2m x3.2m
Thickness of drop Thickness of slab/4 = 60 mm
Total thickness of drop, required = 300 mm
Total thickness of drop, provided = 350 mm
Eff. Thicness = 324 mm
12 Design moments in longitudinal direction
Mo = wu L2 Ln2/ 8
Ln = L1 - 0.89D
= 6799.5 mm > 4680 mm
Ln = 6799.5 mm
Mo = 610.69 KN.m

13 Edge Beam
Beam must have a beam stiffness parameter αc > 0.8

450 3900
240
240
600

300
C.g from top of L-beam, yt = 270 mm
C.g from bottom of L-beam, yb = 330 mm
Second moment of area of beam,Ib = 6.54E+09 mm4
For the edge beam along the long edge,
Second moment of area of slab,Is = 4.493E+09 mm4
αb = Ib/Is
= 1.46 > 0.8
O.K
For the edge beam along the short edge,
Second moment of area of slab,Is = 3.341E+09 mm4
αb = Ib/Is
= 1.96 > 0.8
O.K
14 Distribution of total design moments in longitutinal direction as panel moment
Ratio, αc = εkc/ks
Equalent side of column(if column has circular c/s) = 450 mm
εkc = 2 x (4EIc/Lc)
= 8E+06 E N.mm
ks = 4EIs1/Ls1
= 4E+06 E N.mm
αc = 1.9923
factor, β = 1+1/αc
= 1.5019
A) Exterior Panel (Panel Moments)
Total Negative moment at exterior support = 0.65 x Mo/β
= 264.29 KN.m
Total Negative moment at Interior support = (0.75 -0.1/β)x Mo
= 417.35 KN.m
Total Positive Moment at mid span = (0.63-0.28/β) x Mo
= 270.88 KN.m
B) Interior Panel (Panel Moment)
Total Negative Moment = 0.65 Mo
= 396.95 KN.m
Total Positive moment = 0.35 Mo
= 213.74 KN.m
Distribution of Longitudinal Panel Moments into Strip Moments
(A) Exterior Panel ( Strip moments)
a) Negative Panel moment
Negative moment at the exterior support in to be taken fully
by colum strip, = 82.59 KN.m
Negative panel moment at the interior support is distributed
in the transverse direction
Negative moment in the column strip = 97.817 KN.m
Negative moment in the middle strip = 32.606 KN.m
b) Total Positive Panel moment is dist. In trans. Dn
Positive moment in the column strip = 50.791 KN.m
Positive moment in the middle strip = 33.86 KN.m
 (B) Interior Panel moment (Strip moment)
a) Total -ve Panel moment
Negative moment in the column strip = 93.034 KN.m
Negative moment in the middle strip = 31.011 KN.m
b) Total Positive Panel moment
Positive moment in the column strip = 40.076 KN.m
Positive moment in the middle strip = 26.717 KN.m

15 Design moments in longitudinal direction

2
Mo = wu L2 Ln / 8
Ln = L1 - 0.89D
= 5999.5 mm > 4160 mm
Ln = 5999.5 mm
Mo = 534.87 KN.m

16 Distribution of total design moments in longitutinal direction as panel moment

Ratio, αc = εkc/ks
Equalent side of column(if column has circular c/s) = 450 mm
εkc = 2 x (4EIc/Lc)
= 8E+06 E N.mm
ks = 4EIs1/Ls1
= 5E+06 E N.mm
αc = 1.5742
factor, β = 1+1/αc
= 1.6353
A) Exterior Panel (Panel Moments)
Total Negative moment at exterior support = 0.65 x Mo/β
= 212.6 KN.m
Total Negative moment at Interior support = (0.75 -0.1/β)x Mo
= 368.44 KN.m
Total Positive Moment at mid span = (0.63-0.28/β) x Mo
= 245.38 KN.m
B) Interior Panel (Panel Moment)
Total Negative Moment = 0.65 Mo
= 347.66 KN.m
Total Positive moment = 0.35 Mo
= 187.2 KN.m
Distribution of Longitudinal Panel Moments into Strip Moments
(A) Exterior Panel ( Strip moments)
a) Negative Panel moment
Negative moment at the exterior support in to be taken fully
by colum strip, = 59.057 KN.m
Negative panel moment at the interior support is distributed
in the transverse direction
 Negative moment in the column strip = 76.759 KN.m
Negative moment in the middle strip = 25.586 KN.m
b) Total Positive Panel moment is dist. In trans. Dn
Positive moment in the column strip = 40.897 KN.m
Positive moment in the middle strip = 27.265 KN.m
(B) Interior Panel moment (Strip moment)
a) Total -ve Panel moment
Negative moment in the column strip = 72.43 KN.m
Negative moment in the middle strip = 24.143 KN.m
b) Total Positive Panel moment
Positive moment in the column strip = 31.201 KN.m
Positive moment in the middle strip = 20.8 KN.m

17 Moment distribution
long direction (column strip)

82.59 97.82 93.03 93.03 93.03

50.791 40.076

long direction (middle strip)

0 32.606 31.011 31.011 31.011

33.86 26.717

Short direction ( column strip)

59.057 76.759 72.43 72.43 72.43

40.897 31.201

Short direction ( middle strip)

0 25.586 24.143 24.143 24.143

27.265 20.8

18 Check for depth for flexure

Mu.lim = (0.36 x Fck x (xu.max/d) x (1-
2
0.42(xu.max/d)) x bd
xu.max/d = 0.48
Mu.lim = 2.76 bd2
d,reqd = (Mu.lim/Qb)1/2
1/2
= (97820000 / ( 2.76 x 1000 ))
= 188.26 mm
188.26 < 214
O.K
19 Reinforcement calculations
long direction (column strip)
1211.9 1478.7 1392.7 1392.7 1392.7
706.02 548.07

long direction (middle strip)

0 441.08 418.55 418.55 418.55

458.88 358.42

Short direction (column strip)

831.82 1114.4 1043.5 1043.5 1043.5
559.98 421.22

Short direction (middle strip)

0 342.7 322.73 322.73 322.73

366.04 276.77

20 Bar dia/Spacing
long direction (column strip)
12 90c/c 12 70c/c 80c/c 12 80c/c 80c/c
10 110c/c 10 140c/c

long direction (middle strip)

8 110c/c 120c/c 8 120c/c 120c/c

8 100c/c 8 140c/c

Short direction (column strip)

12 130c/c 12 100c/c 100c/c 12 100c/c 100c/c

10 140c/c 10 180c/c

Short direction (middle strip)

8 140c/c 150c/c 8 150c/c 150c/c

8 130c/c 8 180c/c
21 Check for depth for deflection
lx/d, Actual = 33.64
l/d, Max = B.V x M.F
pt, = 100Ast/bd
= 0.3335 mm2
fs = 0.58x fyx(Ast required/Ast provided)
fs = 238.13 N/mm2
Modification Factor = 1.44
l/d, Max = 1.44 X 26
= 37.44
37.44>33.64
O.K
22 Check for shear
a) Interior column
i) Around column
Weight of drop projection below slab = 2.25 KN/m2
Critical section length = 724 mm
Critical section width = 724 mm
Design shear at critical section = 774.03 KN
1/2
Design shear stregth of concrete, ζuc = 0.25 (fck)
= 1.118 mpa
Shear resistance of concrete = 887.16 KN
= Safe
2) Around drop
Design shear at critical shear = 568.38 KN
Shear reisistance of concrete = 3062.5 KN
= Safe
b) Exterior column
1/2
αc = 1/1+2/3 (a1/a2)
a1 = 612 mm
a2 = 774 mm
αc = 0.6278

d/2
d/2
c1 d/2

c2
3.2

d/2
Gcd Gab d/2
cGD d/2

c1/2 g
Perimeter along the critical section = 2a1+a2
= 1998 mm
Design shear at critical section = 379.94 KN
Area at critical section = 647352 mm2
GAB = 187.46 mm
GCD = 424.54 mm
g = 199.54 mm
Jc = 2da12/13 + 2a1d3/12 + a2d x GAB2+2a1d(a1/2-GAB)2
= 3.023E+10 mm4
ζmax = Vu/Ac + (1-α)(Mu-Vuxg)GAB/ Jc
2
= 0.9616 N/mm
ζuc = 1.118 mpa
= Safe