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LECTURE 01-06
Chapter 10: Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis
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Lecture 04: Agenda

1. The Phasor
1. The Resistor
2. The Inductor
3. The Capacitor
4. Summary
2. RL Circuit
3. Impedance
4. Admittance
5. Example
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1. The Phasor
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1. The Phasor (Graphical Representation)

j (Imaginary Axis)

Msinθ

θ
MCosθ σ (Real Axis)
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M ω MSin(ωt)
θ

Mcos ωt
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1. The Phasor
• i(t) as a time-domain
representation and terming the
phasor I a frequency-domain
representation.
• It should be noted that the
frequency-domain expression
of a current or voltage does not
explicitly include the frequency.
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1.1 The Resistor

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1.2. The Inductor

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1.3. The Capacitor

• The equivalent expression in the frequency domain is obtained

once more by letting v(t) and i (t) be the complex quantities,
taking the indicated derivative, suppressing ejωt, and
recognizing the phasors V and I. Doing this, we find

• I leads V by 90° in a capacitor. This, of course, does not mean

that a current response is present one-quarter of a period
earlier than the voltage that caused it! We are studying steady-
state response, and we find that the current maximum is
caused by the increasing voltage that occurs 90° earlier than
the voltage maximum.
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1.4. Summary - Comparison of Time-

Domain and Frequency-Domain Voltage-
Current Expressions
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2. RL Circuit
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Practice Problem
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Practice Problem
• Solution: For ω=1200 rad/sec,
• Xc = = = -j 33.333 Ω

• XL = j ωL = j x 1200 x 10 x10-3 = j12 Ω

• Vc = 1.2 28o x - j 33.333 = 40 - 62 Volts
• IR = 3 53o + 2.34 - 31o = 3.99 17.42o Amp
• Is = 2 - 62 + 1.2 28o = 2.34 - 31o Amp
• IR = 3 53o + 2.34 - 31o = 3.99 17.42o Amp
• IR (t) = 3.99 Cos (1200t + 17.42o) A
• Vs = 10 x 3.99 17.42o + 3 53o x 12 90o
• = 34.9 74.5o Volts
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3. Impedance
• If these equations are written as phasor voltage/phasor
current ratios
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4. Admittance
• Although the concept of impedance is very useful, and familiar
in a way based on our experience with resistors, the reciprocal
is often just as valuable.
• We define this quantity as the admittance Y of a circuit element
or passive network, and it is simply the ratio of current to
voltage: The real part of the admittance is the conductance G,
and the imaginary part is the susceptance B. All three
quantities (Y, G, and B) are measured in siemens.
• The real part of the admittance is the conductance G, and the
imaginary part of the admittance is the susceptance B. Thus,
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5. Example 10.6
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5. Example 10.6
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5. Example 10.6
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5. Example 10.6
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5. Example 10.6
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5. Example 10.6
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5. Example 10.6