INFLUENCE LINES FOR STATICALLY

INDETERMINATE BEAMS

! Comparison Between Indeterminate and

Determinate
! Influence line for Statically Indeterminate
Beams
! Qualitative Influence Lines for Frames

1
Comparison between Indeterminate and Determinate

Indeterminate Determinate

1 D B E C 1 D B E C
A RA A RA

2
 Indeterminate Determinate

1 D B E C 1 D B E C
RA A RA
A

1 D B E C 1 D B E C
A VD A VD

1
1
D B E C D B E C
A ME A ME

3
Influence Lines for Reaction

Redundant R1 applied

1 4 2 j 3

1
Compatibility equation:

= f1 j + f11 R1 = ∆1 = 0

1
R1 = − f1 j ( )
∆´1 = f1j f11
1
f j1
R1 = ( )
fjj f11
+

f11
×R1
1
fj1 4
Redundant R2 applied

1 4 2 j 3

1
Compatibility equation.

∆ '2 + f 22 R2 = ∆ 2 = 0

f 2 j + f 22 R2 = ∆ 2 = 0
=

1 1
R2 = − f 2 j ( )
f 22
f2j fjj f j2
+

R2 = ( )
f22 f 22
fj2
×R2
1

5
Influence Lines for Shear

1 4 2 j 3

1
VE = ( ) f j4
f 44
1

1
f44

fj4
1

6
Influence Lines for Bending Moment

1 4 2 j 3

1 1
1
ME = ( ) f j4
α 44
α44
1 1

fj4

7
Using Equilibrium Condition for Shear and Bending Moment
• Influence line of Reaction
1 4 2 j 3

f 41
f11 f11 f j1
=1 R1 = ( )
f11 R1 f11
1 f j1
f 22 f11
f 42 =1 f j2
f 22 f 22
f 22
f j2
R2 R2 = ( )
f 22
1

f 33
=1
f 33
f j3
R3 R3 = ( )
f j3 f 33
f 43 1
f 33 8
f 33
• Influence line of Shear • Unit load to the left of 4

x 1
1
1 4 2 j 3 1 M4

R1 V4

R1 R2 R3 + ↑ ΣFy = 0; R1 − 1 − V4 = 0

V4 = R1 - 1

R1
• Unit load to the right of 4
1
1 M4
V4 = R1 R1 V4
4 1
V4 + ↑ ΣFy = 0; R1 − V4 = 0
1
V4 = R1 9
1 V4 = R1 - 1
• Influence line of Bending moment

l • Unit load to the left of 4

x 1
1
1 4 2 j 3 1 M4
l
R1 V4

R1 R2 R3 + Σ M4 = 0: M4 - 1 (l-x) - l R1 = 0
l1 l2
M4 = - l + x + l R1

R1 • Unit load to right of 4

1
1 M4
l
M4 = - l + x + l R1 R1 V4
1 4 1 1
+ Σ M4 = 0: M4 - l R1 = 0
M4
M4 = l R1
M4 = lR1 10
Qualitative Influence Lines for Frames

I
1

Influence Line of VI

11
Maximum positive shear Maximum negative shear
 1 1

Influence Line of MI

Maximum positive moment Maximum negative moment 12

Influence Line for MOF

MA A D G

Ay Dy Gy
15 m 15 m

1.0

Gy

1.0

Dy

1.0

Ay
13
A D H G

15 m 15 m

MA
1

1
MH

14
 G

A B C D E

1.0
RA

1.0
RB

MB

1
MG
15
 G

A B C D E

1 VG

1 VF

1 VH

16
Example 1

Draw the influence line for

- the vertical reaction at A and B
- shear at C
- bending moment at A and C
EI is constant . Plot numerical values every 2 m.

A C D B

2m 2m 2m

17
• Influence line of RB

A C D B

2m 2m 2m

f DB
f AB f CB f BB
f BB =1
f BB f BB f BB

18
• Find fxB by conjugate beam

A C D B
6 kN•m Real Beam

1 1
2m 2m 2m

6 18 x
EI EI
72
EI Conjugate Beam

18
EI
x x2
EI 2 EI x
x3 72 18 x 72
+ − = M´x
6 EI EI EI EI
V´x x 2x
3 3 18
EI
19
 x

A C D B x3 72 18 x
f xB = M 'x = + −
6 EI EI EI

2m 2m 2m Point x (m) fxB fxB / fBB

72
B 0 1
EI
72/EI
10.67/EI 37.33/EI 37.33
0 fBB D 2 0.518
EI
fxB
1
10.67
C 4 0.148
EI
37.33 /72 = 0.518
10.67 /72 = 0.148 f BB 72 A 6 0 0
= =1
0 f BB 72

1 Influence line of RB
20
Influence line of RA

A C D B

2m 2m 2m

1 kN f CA
f DA
f AA
f AA f AA
=1
f AA

21
• Find fxA by conjugate beam
1 kN
A C D B
6 kN•m Real Beam

1 kN
2m 2m 2m
x
72 Conjugate Beam
M 'A =
EI
18
B' y =
EI
18
6
EI
EI
x 2x
3
18 x x 3 3
− = M´x
EI 6 EI
V´x x 18
B' y =
x x2 EI
EI 2 EI

22
 x
18 x x 3
A C D B f xA = M 'x = −
EI 6 EI

2m 2m 2m Point x (m) fxA fxA / fAA

B 0 0 0

72/EI 61.33 /EI

1 kN 34.67
34.67 /EI D 2 0.482
fAA EI
fxA
61.33
C 4 0.852
EI
72 /72 = 1.0 72
61.33 /72=0.852 A 6 EI 1.0
1 kN 34.67 /72 = 0.482
f AA
=1
f AA
Influence line of RA
23
Alternate Method: Use equilibrium conditions for the influence line of RA
x 1
MA A C D B

+ ↑ ΣFy = 0;
RA 2m 2m 2m RB RA + RB − 1 = 0
RB = 1 − RA
RB
1
.518
0.148
RB
1
RA = 1- RB
1.0
0.852
1 kN
0.482

RA

24
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of VC

1 x • Unit load to the left of C

MA A C D B MC

VC RB
RA 2m 2m 2m RB
+ ↑ ΣFy = 0;
1 + RB + VC = 0
0.518
0.148 VC = - RB
RB
• Unit load to the left of C
1
1 x
MC

0.852
VC RB
0.482
1 + ↑ ΣFy = 0;
VC
+ VC − 1 + RB = 0
-0.148
VC = 1 - RB 25
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of MA

1 x
MA A C D B
+ ΣM A = 0;
− M A − 1(6 − x) + 6 RB = 0
RA 2m 2m 2m RB
M A = −6 + x + 6 RB

1
0.518
0.148
RB
1

MA
-1.112 -0.892
1 26
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of MC

1 x • Unit load to the left of C

MA A C D B
MC
VC 4m RB
RA 2m 2m 2m RB
+ ΣM C = 0;
− M C + 4 RB = 0
1
0.518 MC = 4RB
0.148
RB
• Unit load to the left of C
1
1 x

MC
0.592 1 4m
VC RB
C
0.074
+ ΣM C = 0;
MC
− M C − 1(4 − x) + 4 RB = 0

MC = -4 + x + 4RB 27
Example 2

Draw the influence line and plot numerical values every 2 m for
- the vertical reaction at supports A, B and C
- Shear at G and E
- Bending moment at G and E
EI is constant.

A G B D E F C

2@2=4 m 4@2 = 8 m

28
Influence line of RA

A G B D E F C

2@2=4 m 4@2 = 8 m

f AA
=1
f AA

1 f DA f EA f FA
f AA f AA f AA

29
• Find fxA by conjugate beam

A B D E F C
Real beam
1 0.5
1.5
4m 2m 6m

4 /EI

Conjugate beam
4/EI

0
5.33
10.67
EI
EI
4/EI
64/EI
0
64
10.67 f AA = M ' A =
EI
18.67/EI EI 30
 4/EI
x2 x1
64/EI
Conjugate beam

4m 8m
18.67 5.33
EI 2
x1 EI
x1
2 EI 4 EI x1
3
x1 5.33 x1
− = M´ x1
12 EI EI
V´ x1
x1 2 x1 5.33
x2
2
3 3 EI
2 EI
64 x2 x2
EI EI
3
x 64 18.67
M´ x2 = 2 + −
6 EI EI EI
18.67 2 x2 x2 V´ x2
EI 3 3
31
 x3 5.33x
x2 x1 f xA = M ' x1 = − , for B to C
12 EI EI
3
x2 18.67 x2 64
A G B D E F C f xA = M 'x 2 = − + , for A to B
6 EI EI EI

4m 2m 6m Point x (m) fxA fxA / fAA

C 0 0 0
64
28
EI 10
EI F −
fAA 2 EI -0.1562
fxA
16
1 − 14 − 10 E 4 − -0.25
− 16 EI
EI EI EI
14
D 6 − -0.2188
EI
f AA Influence line of RA B 8 0 0
=1
f AA
0.438 28
G 10 0.4375
EI
1 -0.219 -0.25 -0.156 64
A 1
12 EI 32
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of RB

1 x
+ ΣM C = 0;
A G B D E F C − 8 RB + x − 12 RA = 0
x 12
RB = − RA
RA RB RC 8 8
4m 2m 6m
Point x (m) RA RB

C 0 0 0
1
F 2 -0.1562 0.485
0.438
RA E 4 -0.25 0.875
1 -0.219 -0.25 -0.156
D 6 -0.2188 1.078

B 0 1
8
1.078 0.875 0.4375 0.5939
0.59 1 0.485 G 10
RB A 1 0
12
1 33
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of RC

1 x
+ ΣM B = 0;
A G B D E F C 4 RA − 1( x − 8) − 8 RC = 0
x
RA RB RC RC = 0.5 RA − +1
8
4m 2m 6m Point x (m) RA RC

C 0 0 1

1 F 2 -0.1562 0.6719
0.438 -0.25
E 4 0.375
RA
1 -0.219 -0.25 -0.156 D 6 -0.2188 0.1406

B 8 0 0
1 G 10 0.4375 -0.0312
0.672
0.141 0.375 1
RC A 0
12
-0.0312 1
34
• Check ΣFy = 0

1 x
A G B D E F C + ↑ ΣFy = 0;
RA + RB + RC = 1
RA RB RC
Point RA RB RC ΣR
4m 2m 6m
1 C 0 0 1 1
0.438 -0.1562 0.485 1
F 0.6719
RA
1 -0.219 -0.25 -0.156 E -0.25 0.875 0.375 1

1.08 D -0.2188 1.078 0.1406 1

1 0.875
0.59 0.49 B 0 1 0 1
RB
G 0.4375 0.5939 -0.0312 1
1
1 A 1 0 0 1
0.672
0.141 0.375
RC
35
-0.0312 1
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of VG

1 • Unit load to the left of G

x
x 1
A G B D E F C

A MG
VG
RA
4m 2m 6m

+ ↑ ΣFy = 0; RA − 1 − VG = 0
1
0.438 VG = RA - 1
RA
1 -0.219 -0.25 -0.156
• Unit load to the right of G

0.438 A MG
VG
VG RA
1
-0.562 -0.219 -0.25 -0.156
VG = RA
36
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of VE

1 • Unit load to the left of E

x
A G B D E F C ME
VE RC

+ ↑ ΣFy = 0; RC + VE = 0
4m 2m 6m
VE = - RC
1
0.672 • Unit load to the right of E
0.141 0.375
RC
1 x
-0.0312 1
ME
0.625 VE RC
0.328
0.0312 1
VE + ↑ ΣFy = 0; VE − 1 + RC = 0
-0.141
-0.375 VE = 1 - RC
37
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of MG

1 • Unit load to the left of G

x
x 1
A G B D E F C

A MG
2m
RA VG
4m 2m 6m
+ ΣM G = 0;
M G + 1(2 − x) − 2 RA = 0
1
MG = -2 + x + 2RA
0.438
RA • Unit load to the right of G
1 -0.219 -0.25 -0.156
A MG
2m
0.876 RA VG
1
+ ΣM G = 0;
MG
M G − 2 RA = 0
-0.438 -0.5 -0.312
MG = 2RA
38
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of ME

1
• Unit load to the left of E
x
A G B D E F C 4m
ME
VE RC

4m 2m 6m + ΣME = 0;

ME = 4RC
1
0.672
0.375 • Unit load to the right of E
0.141
RC 1 x
-0.0312 1
ME
1.5 VE 4m RC
1
0.564 0.688 + ΣM E = 0;
ME − M E − 1(4 − x) + 4 RC = 0
-0.125
ME = - 4 + x+ 4RC
39
Example 3

For the beam shown

(a) Draw quantitative influence lines for the reaction at supports A and B, and
bending moment at B.
(b) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also draw its quantitative shear,
bending moment diagrams, and qualitative deflected curve for
- Only 10 kN downward at 6 m from A
- Both 10 kN downward at 6 m from A and 20 kN downward at 4 m
from A

20 kN 10 kN
2EI 3EI
A B
C
4m 2m 2m

40
Influence line of RA

2EI 3EI
A B
C
4m 2m 2m

fAA
fDA fCA fEA

fAA /fAA
fDA /f fCA /fAA
AA fEA /f
AA

41
1
• Find fxA by conjugate beam

3EI 8 kN•m
2EI
A B
Real Beam
1 C
4m 2m 2m 1 kN

1 1
V (kN) +
x (m)

8
4
M +
x (m)
(kN•m)

2.67
2EI 1.33EI
EI

60.44/EI

12/EI fAA = M´A = 60.44/EI Conjugate Beam 42

• Quantitative influence line of RA
2.67
2EI 1.33EI
EI

60.44/EI
A C B
12/EI Conjugate Beam

60.44/EI
37.11/EI
17.77/EI 4.88/EI 0
fxA

1
0.614
0.294
0.081 0
RA = fxA/fAA

43
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of RB and MB
x 1 MB
A B

RA 4m 2m 2m RB

1
0.614
0.294 0.081 0
RA

0.919 1
0.706
0.386
0
RB = 1 - RA

MB = 8RA - (8-x)(1)
0 0
-1.352
-1.088 -1.648 44
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of VB
x 1
A B

RA 4m 2m 2m VB = RA - 1

1
0.614
0.294 0.081 0
RA

0
VB = RA -1
-0.386
-0.706 -1
-0.919

45
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of VC and MC
x 1 C MB
A B

RA 4m 2m 2m RB
1
0.614
0.294
0.081 0
RA

VC = RA - 1 VC = RA

0.294
1 0.081 0
VC
-0.386 -0.706

MC = 4RA - (4-x)(1) MC = 4RA

1.176
0.456 0.324
MC 46
The quantitative shear and bending moment diagram and qualitative deflected curve
10 kN
MB= 13.53 kN•m
A B

10(0.081)=0.81 kN 4m 2m 2m RB=9.19 kN

1
0.614
0.294 0.081 0
RA

V (kN) 0.81 0.81

-9.19

MA (kN•m) 4.86
+
-

-13.53 47
The quantitative shear and bending moment diagram and qualitative deflected curve
20 kN 10 kN
MB=46.48 kN•m
A B

20(.294) +1(0.081) 4m 2m 2m RB=23.31 kN

= 6.69 kN

1
0.614
0.294 0.081 0
RA

V (kN) 6.69 6.69

-
-13.31 -23.31 -23.31

MA (kN•m) 26.76
0.14
+
-

-46.48 48
 APPENDIX
•Muller-Breslau for the influence line of reaction, shear and moment
•Influence lines for MDOF beams

Example 1

Draw the influence line for

- the vertical reaction at B

A C D B

2m 2m 2m

49
Influence line of RA

A C D B

2m 2m 2m

1 kN f CA
f AA f DA
f AA f AA
=1
f AA

50
• Find fxA by conjugate beam
1 kN
A C D B
6 kN•m Real Beam

1 kN
2m 2m 2m
x
72 Conjugate Beam
M 'A =
EI
18
B' y =
EI
18
6 /EI
EI
x 2x
3
18 x x 3 3
− = M´x
EI 6 EI
V´x x 18
B' y =
x x2 EI
EI 2 EI

51
 x
18 x x 3
A C D B f xA = M 'x = −
EI 6 EI

2m 2m 2m Point x (m) fxA fxA / fAA

B 0 0 0

72/EI 61.33 /EI

1 kN 34.67
34.67 /EI D 2 0.482
fAA EI
fxA
61.33
C 4 EI
0.852

72/72 = 1.0 72
61.33 /72=0.852 A 6 EI 1.0
1 kN 34.67 /72 = 0.482
f AA
=1
f AA
Influence line of RA
52
• Influence line of RB

A C D B

2m 2m 2m

f DB
f AB f CB f BB f BB
f BB =1
f BB f BB

53
• Find fxB by conjugate beam

A C D B
6 kN•m Real Beam

1 1
2m 2m 2m

6 18 x
EI EI 72
EI
Conjugate Beam
18
EI
x2
x
2 EI
EI x
x3 72 18 x 72
+ − = M´x
6 EI EI EI EI
V´x x 2x
3 3 18
EI
54
 x

A C D B x3 72 18 x
f xB = M 'x = + −
6 EI EI EI

2m 2m 2m Point x (m) fxB fxB / fBB

B 0 72 1
EI
72/EI
10.67/EI 37.33/EI 37.33
0 fBB D 2 0.518
EI
fxB
1
C 4 10.67 0.148
EI
37.33 /72 = 0.518 72 /72 = 1
10.67 /72 = 0.148 fBB A 6 0 0
=1
0 fBB

1 Influence line of RB
55
Example 2

For the beam shown

(a) Draw the influence line for the shear at D for the beam
(b) Draw the influence line for the bending moment at D for the beam
EI is constant.Plot numerical values every 2 m.

A D B E C

2m 2m 2m 2m

56
The influence line for the shear at D

1 kN
A D B E C
D
1 kN

2m 2m 2m 2m

f DD
=1
f DD
1 kN
VD
D f ED
f DD
1 kN

57
• Using conjugate beam for find fxD

1 kN
A D B E C

1 kN
2m 2m 2m 2m

2 kN•m

1 kN 1 kN

1 kN
2 kN•m

2k 1 kN

1 kN 1 kN 58
2 kN
 1 kN
A D B E C Real beam

1 kN 2kN 1 kN
1 kN
2m 2m 2m 2m

V( kN) 1
x (m)

-1
4
M
(kN •m)
x (m)

4/EI

Conjugate beam
M´D 59
• Determine M´D at D
4/EI

A C Conjugate beam
M´D D B E

2m 2m 2m 2m

8/EI
4/EI 8
m
3
0
16 8
3EI 3EI
8/EI
8
m 4/EI
3

16
128/3EI
3EI
40
3EI 60
 4/EI

A Conjugate beam
C
40 D B E
128/3EI 8
3EI 3EI
2m 2m 2m 2m

2/EI
2/EI
2 2 40 76
M´DL =( )( ) − ( )(2) = −
EI 3 3EI 3EI
40 2 V´DL
3EI 3
2/EI
128/3EI 2 2 128 40 52
M´DR = ( )( ) + −( )(2) =
EI 3 3EI 3EI 3EI 2/EI
40 2 V´DR 2/EI
3EI 3
4 2 2 8
− = ( )( ) − ( )(2) = M´E
EI EI 3 3EI 2 8
V´E
3 3EI 61
 4/EI

A Conjugate beam
C
D B E
40 128/3EI 8
3EI 3EI
2m 2m 2m 2m

2 8
V´ 3EI 3EI
x (m) θ
16
−
40 34 3EI
− −
3EI 3EI
52
3EI
128/3EI = M´D = fDD
x (m) ∆
fxD = M ´
4
−
76 EI
−
3EI
52
0.406 =
128 Influence line of VD = fxD/fDD
4 /(128/3) = -0.094 62
76 /128 = -0.594
The influence line for the bending moment at D
αDD

A D B E C

1 kN •m 1 kN •m

2m 2m 2m 2m

f DD
α DD

MD
f ED
α DD

63
• Using conjugate beam for find fxD

A D B E C

1 kN •m 1 kN •m
2m 2m 2m 2m

1 kN•m

0.5 kN
0.5 kN

0.5 kN
1 kN•m

1k 0.5 kN

0.5 kN 1 kN 0.5 kN 64
 1 kN •m 1 kN •m
A D B E C Real beam
0.5 kN 1 kN 0.5 kN
2m 2m 2m 2m

V (kN) 0.5
x (m)

1
2
M
(kN •m)
x (m)

2/EI

Conjugate beam
65
 2/EI

Conjugate beam

2m 2m 2m 2m

4/EI
2/EI 8
m
3
0

8 4
3EI 3EI
4/EI
8
m 2/EI
3

32 8
4
3EI 3EI
3EI 66
 2/EI

Conjugate beam

4 32 4
EI 3EI 3EI

2m 2m 2m 2m

1/EI
1/EI
1 2 4 26
M´D = ( )( ) + ( )(2) =
EI 3 EI 3EI
4 2 V´D
EI 3
1/EI
1/EI
2 1 2 4
− = ( )( ) − ( )(2) = M´E
EI EI 3 3EI 2 4
V´E 3 EI
3
67
 2/EI

Conjugate beam

4 4
32
EI 3EI
3EI
2m 2m 2m 2m
5
4
EI 1 4
EI
αDD = 32/3EI 3EI 3EI θ
V´ x (m)
8
17 −
− 3EI
3EI
26/3EI
fxD = M ´
x (m) ∆
-2/EI
26
= 0.813
32 θDL = 5/(32/3) = 0.469 rad.
f xD θDR = -17/32 = -0.531 rad.
Influence line of MD
α xD
θD = 0.469 + 0.531 = 1 rad -2 /(32/3) = -0.188 68
Example 3

Draw the influence line for the reactions at supports for the beam shown in the
figure below. EI is constant.

A B C D E F G

5m 5m 5m 5m 5m 5m

69
Influence line for RD

A B C D E F G

5m 5m 5m 5m 5m 5m

fCD fDD fED

fBD fFD
fXD
1

f CD f DD
f BD = 1 f ED f FD
f DD f DD f DD
f DD f DD fXD/fDD = Influence
line for RD
1

70
• Use the consistency deformation method

A G
3@5 =15 m 3@5 =15 m
1

=
∆´G

+
fGG x RG

∆´G + fGGRG = 0 ------(1) 1

- Use conjugate beam for find ∆´G and fGG
15 30
A Real beam G A Real beam G
15 m 15 m 30 m
1 1 1 450 1
112.5 15 EI
15 2812.5 9000
EI ∆'C = M 'C = EI f 'GG = M ' 'G =
EI EI EI

Conjugate beam Conjugate beam

15 + (2/3)(15) 112.5/EI 450 71
20 m
EI
Substitute ∆´G and fGG in (1) :

2812.5 9000
+ RG = 0
EI EI
RG = −0.3125 kN , ↓

5.625
A G

0.6875 1 0.3125

=
15

1 1
+
30
x RG = -0.3125 kN

1 1
72
• Use the conjugate beam for find fXD
5.625 fCD fDD fED
fBD fFD
A G Real beam
3@5 =15 m 3@5 =15 m
0.6875 23.01 1 0.3125
5.625 EI
6.818 m x2
EI
A G Conjugate beam
8.182 m
2 − 4.688 35.16 28.13
0.6875 x1 x1 EI
15. 98 EI EI
2 EI 5.625 x1 − 0.6875 x12
EI x2
5.625 EI V´2
(5.625-0.6875x1)/EI M´2 G
EI
A 5 .625 x − 0 .6875 x
2
x 0 .3125 x
2
x2
x1 M´ =
1
1 1
( 1
) − 2
( ) 0.3125x2 28.13
EI 2 2 3 2
V´1 2
.6875 x1 2 x1 0 . 3125 x EI
+ ( ) 28 .13 2

2 EI 3 + x2 = M ' x 2 2 EI
EI
x1 = 5 m -----> fBD = M´1= 56/EI x2 = 5 m -----> fFD = M´2= 134.1/EI

x1 = 10 m -----> fCD = M´1= 166.7/EI x2 = 10 m -----> fED = M´2= 229.1/EI

x1 = 15 m -----> fDD = M´1= 246.1/EI x2 = 15 m -----> fDD = M´2= 246.1/EI 73

• Influence Line for RD
166.7
246.1
229.2
56 EI 134.1
EI EI
EI EI
fXD
1

246.1
166.7 229.2 134.1
56 246.1
246.1 246.1 246.1
246.1
fXD/fDD
1

0.228 0.677 1.0 0.931

0.545

Influence Line for RD

74
Influence line for RG

A B C D E F G

5m 5m 5m 5m 5m 5m

fFG fGG
fEG
fXG
fBG fCG
1
f GG
f EG f FG =1
f GG
f GG f GG
fXG/fGG
f BG f CG
1
f GG f GG

75
• Use consistency deformations

fXG
1
3@5 =15 m 3@5 =15 m

=
∆´D

+
1
fDD
X RD

1
∆´D + fDDRD = 0 ------(2)
- Use conjugate beam for find ∆´D and fDD
30 15
A Real beam G A Real beam G
30 m 15 m 15 m
1 450 1 1 1
30 9000 112.5
EI 15
EI EI EI
EI
Conjugate beam Conjugate beam
450/EI 15 + (2/3)(15) 76
20 m
 112.5
9000 112.5
1.5 EI 15
EI EI
M´ EI EI
M´´
15 m
V´ 450/EI
V´´
112.5 15 9000 450 2812.5 112.5 2 1125
∆'D = M ' = ( )+ − (15) = f DD = M ' ' = ( × 15) =
EI 3 EI EI EI EI 3 EI

2812.5 1125
Substitute ∆´D and fDD in (2) : + RD = 0, RD = −2.5kN = 2.5kN , ↓
EI EI
7.5

2.5 1
1.5
30
=
1 1
+

15
x RD = -2.5 kN

1 77
1
• Use the conjugate beam for find fXG
fFG fGG
7.5 fEG
Real beam
fBG fCG 2.5
1.5 3@5 =15 m 1
3@5 =15 m
112.5
75
EI
EI 15 fGG = M´G = 1968.56/EI
EI
A G Conjugate beam
10 m
− 7.5 168.75/EI
EI 15 + (10/3) = 18.33 m
18.75
EI 25 + (2/3)(5) = 28.33 m
5m 18.75 2 62.5
A M´1 = f BG = − ( × 5) = −
EI 3 EI
V´1 18.75
− 7.5
EI 18.75 EI
6.67 m
EI A 18.75 125.06
M´2 = f CG = − (6.67) = −
− 7.5 EI EI
− 18.75 V´2 78
EI
EI
 x2
2 fGG = M´G = 1968.56/EI
2 x
x3 x3 1968.56 168.75
( )+ − x3 =M´ G
2 3 EI EI
x
V´2
168.75/EI
x = 5 m -----> fFG = M´= 1145.64/EI

x = 10 m -----> fEG = M´ = 447.73/EI 1968.56

447.73 1145 . 64
EI
EI EI
fXG
− 62.5 − 125 1
EI EI
1145.64 1968.56
447.73
1968.56 1968.56
1968.56
fXG/fGG
− 62.5 − 125
1
1968.56 1968.56
1.0
0.227 0.582
Influence line for RG
-0.032 -0.064 79
Using equilibrium condition for the influence line for Ay
x 1

MA A B C D E F G

5m 5m 5m 5m 5m 5m
Ay RD RG

+ ↑ ΣFy = 0 : RA = 1 − RD − RC

1 1

Unit load

0.228 0.678 1.0 0.929

0.542
Influence Line for RD
1.0
0.227 0.582
Influence line for RG
-0.032 -0.064
1.0 0.804 0.386
Influence line for Ay 80
-0.156 -0.124
Using equilibrium condition for the influence line for MA
x 1

MA A B C D E F G

5m 5m 5m 5m 5m 5m
Ay RD RG

+ ΣM A = 0 : 1x − 15RD − 30 RC

20 25 30
5 10 15
1x

0.228 0.678 1.0 0.929

0.542
RD x 15
1.0
0.227 0.582
RG x 30
-0.032 -0.064
2.54
1.75
Influence line for MA 81
-0.745 -0.59