Bayanno2011 PDF

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evsjv kã web¨vm I weRq wb‡`©wkKv

gy`ªvÿwiK h‡š¿i BwZnvm, weRq evsjv mdUIq¨v‡ii BwZnvm, êwkó¨ I evsjv kã web¨v‡mi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY
Ges
(DB‡ÛvR G·wc, wf¯Ív, †m‡fb Ges GBU Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ weRq B›Uvi‡bU, weRq evqv‡bœv,
weRq GKz‡k, weRq GKvËi, Ges weRq GKvËi †cÖv, g¨vK I.Gm 10- Gi Rb¨ cÖYxZ weRq GKvËi, wjbv‡·i weRq I
GÛª‡q‡Wi weRq evsjv mdUIq¨v‡ii Rb¨ wb‡`©wkKv)
Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv †jLvi me‡P‡q RbwcÖq weRq evsjv mdUIq¨viwU mivmwi BÝUj Kiv, BÝUj Kivi
wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ Rvbv I GB mdUIq¨viwU eënvi Kivi Rb¨ GB wb‡`©wkKvi wØZxq Aa¨v‡q P‡j
hvb| Z‡e Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv fvlvi cÖPjb, eënvi Ges GB wel‡q wKQz AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨cÄx
cvevi Rb¨ cÖ_g Aa¨vq cvV Kiv LyeB Riæix g‡b n‡Z cv‡i|
{K¬vwmK, GKvËi Ges BDwb‡KvW Gb‡KvwWs, weRq -RvZxq-gybxi-mZ¨wRZ-MxZvÄwj (Amwgqv mn) Kx‡evW©, wcÖ›U-
wWwRUvj-B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqvq evsjv eënv‡ii c×wZ, cvV¨cy¯ÍK I HwZn¨MZfv‡e evsjv †jLvi my‡hvMmyweav Ges
cv_©K¨, wewfbœ Kx‡evW© w`‡q hy³vÿi ˆZixi ZvwjKvmn wj¼ †evZv‡gi eënvi, hy³eY© ˆZix Kiv ev ¯îeY© cvevi Dcvq
m¤ú‡K© Z_¨vw` Ges Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv †jLvi Ab¨vb¨ wbqgvejx Ges Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv-Amwgqv fvlv eënv‡ii mgm¨v
I m¤¢vebvi wek` weeiYmn GKzk kZ‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv †jLvi Rb¨ mvaviY †KŠkj I Rvbv ARvbv bvbv Z‡_ï
mgvnvimn weRq evsjv mdUIq¨v‡ii mvgwMÖK Z_¨vejx}
weRq mdUIq¨v‡ii Ae¨vnZ Dbœqb KvR Pj‡Z _vKvq GB wb‡`©wkKvq cÖ`Ë weeiY ev wb‡`©kbv †h‡Kvb mgq cwiewZ©Z
n‡Z cv‡i| GKB Kvi‡Y GB mdUIq¨v‡ii êwkóÏ cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i| AbyMÖn K‡i G wel‡q wWwRUvj MvBW cvV
Kiæb ev Avgv‡ì I‡qe mvBU †`Lyb wKsev cÖ‡qvR‡b Ic‡ii wVKvbvq Avgv‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kiæb
†gav¯^Ë¡ msµvšÍ mZK©xKiY weÁwß:

weRq Kx‡evW© Ges weRq (DB‡ÛvR ms¯‹iY), weRq (jvBbv· ms¯‹iY) ev weRq (†gwK‡›Uvm ms¯‹iY), weRq (GÛª‡qW ms¯‹iY)--Gi
avivevwnK Dbœqb Ae¨vnZfv‡e Pj‡Q| GBme cÖhyw³ †c‡U›UK…Z Ges wWRvBb I KwcivBU wbewÜZ| GBme ms¯‹i‡Yi d›Umg~n
ev Gi mv‡_ mswkøó cÖhyw³ wKsev GB wb‡`©wkKv ev Gi †Kvb As‡ki Abywjwc, bKj, d‡UvKwc, Wzwcø‡KwUs, gy`ªY, wj‡_vMÖvd, ¯ŒxY
wcÖw›Us, cwieZ©b, cwiea©b ev ms‡kvab Kiv ev †Kvb gva¨‡g Zv weZiY Kiv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbwl× I AvBbZ `Ðbxq| GB
mdUIq¨v‡ii †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki KwcivBU AvBb 2005, †UªWgvK©m AvBb 2009, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ AvBb 2009/2013
I †c‡U›U I wWRvBb AvBb 1911 Ges †gav¯^Ë¡ msµvšÍ AvšÍR©vwZK Kb‡fkbkb, weavb, Pzw³, mg‡SvZv ¯§viK I AvBbmg~‡ni
AvIZvq †gav¯^Ë¡ msiwÿZ |
†jLK, KwcivBU I ¯^Ë¡vwaKvix

†gv¯Ívdv ReŸvi
Avb›` Kw¤úDUvm©
188 gwZwSj mvKz©jvi †ivW, (AvivgevM) XvKv-1000, evsjv‡`k|
†dvb : +88-02-7194002, +88-02-7194527, +88-02-7195924
B-†gBj : mustafajabbar@gmail.com, URL: www.bijoyekushe.net
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weRq msµvšÍ Z_¨vejx
cÖ_g cÖKvkt 16 wW‡m¤î 1988, me©‡kl m¤úv`bv 07 Ryb 2014
weRq -Gi KwcivBU, †UªWgvK©, †c‡U›U I wWRvBb wbeÜb-Gi we`¨gvb msL¨vmg~n: weRq Kx‡evW©: †iwRt bs- 3575-Kcvi,
ZvwiL 26 Ryb 1989 Bs, weRq Kx‡evW© (wØZxq ms¯‹iY), †iwRt bs-8755-Kcvi, ZvwiL: 30 b‡f¤î 2004 Bs| weRq
Kx‡evW© wWRvBb bKkv bs 06784, ZvwiL: 18 †g 2005Bs, evsjv w¯ŒÞ B›Uvi‡dm wm‡÷g c¨v‡U›U bs
1004354/2004 weRq cÖZx‡Ki †UªWgvK© wbeÜb bs: 87587, †kÖYx 9, ZvwiL 10 †m‡Þ¤î 2004|
weRq DB‡ÛvR ms¯‹iY: †iwRt bs-
7360-Kcvi, ZvwiL 20 wW‡m¤î mswÿß mgqcÄx
2000 Bs, weRq g¨vK I.Gm
16 †g 1987 mvßvwnK Avb›`cÎ cÖKvk
ms¯‹iY: †iwRt bs- 7361-Kcvi,
12 †m‡Þ¤î 1987 Avb›` d›U cÖKvk
ZvwiL 20 wW‡m¤î 2000 Bs, weRq
16 wW‡m¤î 1988 weRq Kx‡evW© I mdUIq¨vi cÖKvk
GKz‡k †iwRt bs-8628-Kcvi,
16 wW‡m¤î 1992 †gwK‡›Uvm-Gi weRq -Gi wØZxq ms¯‹iY cÖKvk
ZvwiL: 31 RyjvB 2004 Bs, weRq
26 gvP© 1993 DB‡ÛvR-Gi weRq -Gi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY cÖKvk
2003-†cÖv, †iwRt bs-8629-Kcvi,
26 gvP© 1999 DB‡ÛvR-Gi weRq -Gi Avc‡WU cÖKvk
13 A‡±vei 2000 DB‡ÛvR-Gi weRq -Gi Avc‡WU cÖKvk
K¬vwmK †cÖv †iwRt bs-9105-Kcvi,
13 A‡±vei 2005 †gwK‡›Uvm-Gi weRq Gi Avc‡WU cÖKvk
13 A‡±vei 2005 BDwb‡KvWwfwËK DB‡ÛvR-Gi weRq cÖKvk
GKz‡k Avb›` ms¯‹iY 2005 †iwRt
9 wW‡m¤î 2007 g¨vK I DB‡ÛvR-Gi weRq Gi Avc‡WU cÖKvk
bs-9106-Kcvi, ZvwiL: 31 RyjvB
27 Ryb 2012 wjbv·-Gi weRq cÖKvk
2005 Bs, weRq GKvËi DB‡ÛvR
26 gvP© 2013 GÛª‡qW-Gi weRq cÖKvk
ms¯‹iY †iwRt bs-12650-Kcvi,
16 wW‡m¤î 13 weRq GKvËi †cÖv cÖKvk
ZvwiL: 01 gvP© 2012 Bs, weRq
GKvËi g¨vwK‡›Uvm ms¯‹iY †iwRt
bs-12652-Kcvi, ZvwiL: 01 gvP© 2012 Bs, weRq evqv‡bœv 2012 †iwRt bs-12653-Kcvi, ZvwiL: 01 gvP© 2012 Bs|
weRq -Kx‡evW© Ges mdUIq¨v‡ii cÖ‡YZv I ¯^Ë¡: †gwKb‡Uvk Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g 1 †_‡K 9, DB‡ÛvR 3.1/ 3.11, DB‡ÛvR
95, DB‡ÛvR-98, DB‡ÛvR GgB, DB‡ÛvR Gb.wU, DB‡ÛvR-2000, DB‡ÛvR G·wc, DB‡ÛvR wf¯Ív, DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb
I DB‡ÛvR GBU, BDwb· Ges jvBbv· Ges GÛª‡qW-Gi Rb¨ cÖYxZ weRq w¯ŒÞ B›Uvi‡dm wm‡÷g, weRq Kx-†evW© Ges
weRq w¯ŒÞ B›Uvi‡dm wm‡÷‡gi AvIZvaxb weRq -1 (g¨vK), weRq -2 (g¨vK), weRq -3, weRq -4, weRq -99, weRq -2000,
weRq -2000 †cÖv, weRq -2001, weRq -2001 †cÖv, weRq -2003, weRq 2003 †cÖv, weRq 2004, weRq 2004 †cÖv, weRq
K¬vwmK 2006, weRq K¬vwmK †cÖv 2006, weRq K¬vwmK 2007, weRq K¬vwmK †cÖv 2007, weRq mvewiYv, weRq †eªBj, weRq
G·wc, weRq GKz‡k 2004, weRq GKz‡k Avb›` ms¯‹iY 2005, weRq GKz‡k 2006, weRq GKz‡k 2007, weRq GKz‡k
2008, weRq GKz‡k 2009 weRq GKz‡k 2010, GKz‡k 2011, weRq cvV, weRq GKz‡k KbfvU©vi, weRq K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi,
weRq K¬vwmK Awfavb, weRq GKz‡k Awfavb, weRq kã mÜvb, weRq GKz‡k myeY© g¨vK ms¯‹iY, weRq GKz‡k RbZv ms¯‹iY
2007, weRq evqv‡bœv, weRq evqv‡bœv †cÖv, weRq GKz‡k, weRq evqv‡bœv 2009, weRq evqv‡bœv 2010, weRq evqv‡bœv 2011, weRq
evqv‡bœv 2012, weRq evqv‡‡bœv iRZ RqšÍx ms¯‹iY, weRq evqv‡bœv 2014, weRq GKvËi (DB‡ÛvR ms¯‹iY) I weRq
GKvËi (g¨vK I.Gm ms¯‹iY), weRq GKvËi †cÖv (DB‡ÛvR ms¯‹iY) weRq wjbv·, weRq GÛª‡qW, weRq B›Uvi‡bU Ges
GBme mdUIq¨v‡ii Aaxb¯’ d›Umg~n, KbfvU©vi, Awfavb Ges Zvi mv‡_ mswkøó mKj cÖhyw³i KwcivBU ev Ab¨vb¨
†gav¯^Ë¡ Rbve †gv¯Ívdv ReŸvi-Gi|
weRq Kx‡ev‡W©i c¨v‡U›U, weRq-Gi †UªWgvK© Ges mdUIq¨vimg~‡ni KwcivBU gvwjKvbv ev me©¯^Ë¡ Rbve †gv¯Ívdv ReŸvi-
Gi| GB mdUIq¨vimg~n Ges Gi AvIZvaxb mKj cÖhyw³ Ges d›Umg~n Rbve †gv¯Ívdv ReŸvi -Gi †bZ…Z¡vaxb GKwU
Uxg KZ©„K Rbve †gv¯Ívdv ReŸv‡ii Rb¨ cÖYxZ|
wbeÜxKiY: wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡bB Avcbvi weRq mdUIq¨v‡ii †iwR‡óªkb Kiæb| KviY †iwR‡óªkb Kiv eënviKvix‡ì Rb¨
me mgqB me©‡kl Z_¨vw` cÖ`vb Kiv nq| GQvovI i‡q‡Q fwel¨‡Z ¯^íg~‡j¨ ev webvg~‡j¨ Gi DbœZZi ms¯‹iY cÖ`v‡bi
wbðqZv| jvB‡mÝ bs, bvg, cÖwZôv‡bi bvg (hw` _v‡K), wVKvbv, Awd‡mi †dvb bs, evmvi †dvb bs, †gvevBj †dvb bs,
B‡gBj wVKvbv, Kvi KvQ †_‡K wK‡b‡Qb Zvi bvg I wVKvbv BZ¨vw` wj‡L Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q cvwV‡q †`‡eb|
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weRq : hv‡ì Ae`v‡b weRq Gi c~e©eZ©x ms¯‹iY¸‡jv‡Z ch©vqµ‡g GKwU wekvj evwnbx KvR Ki‡jI weRq Gi eZ©gvb
ms¯‹iYmg~‡n Rbve †gv¯Ívdv ReŸv‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ GLb mve©ÿwYKfv‡e KvR Ki‡Qb GKwU Uxg| G‡ì g‡a¨ gyn¤§` Rvjvj
I †Rmwgb RyB civgk© cÖ`vb Ges BDRvi B›Uvi‡dm wWRvBb I WKz‡g‡›Uk‡bi KvR Ki‡Qb| gBbDwÏb mv‡jn iRe I
Zvnwgbv bvRwbb †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi KvR Ki‡Qb| †ejv‡qZ †nv‡mb mvBgb I †`vjb wek¦vm d›U wWwRUvBwRs I WvUv Gw›Uª--
Gi KvR Ki‡Qb| †g‡niæb bvnvi n¨vwc, Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb AvKvk, dviRvbv web‡Z BDbym, †invbv Av³vi ¯^Yv© , Av‡qkv
Av³vi, AwfwRZ KvwšÍ `vm, wcÖZg kxj, kvIb `vk I mRq mvnv MÖvwd· wWRvBb Ges G¨vwb‡gk‡bi KvR Ki‡Qb| Gi
evB‡iI A‡b‡KB Avgv‡ì GB cÖK‡í KvR Ki‡Qb, hviv mivmwi Avgv‡ì Awd‡m nvwRiv †`b bv e‡U, Z‡e weRq -Gi
Dbœq‡b mvwe©Kfv‡e Ae`vb ivL‡Qb|
GLv‡b Av‡iv D‡jøL Kiv
ìKvi †h, weRq Gi
AZx‡Zi ms¯‹iY¸‡jvi
A‡bK wKQyB; †hgb d›U,
msjvc Ni, MÖvwd·, WvU
dvBj BZ¨vw` Avc‡WU K‡i
Avgiv beZg ms¯‹iYmg~‡n
eënvi K‡iwQ| d‡j weRq -
Gi PjwZ ms¯‹iYmg~‡nI
AZxZ Kg©x‡ì Ae`vb
i‡q‡Q| weRq -Gi c~e©eZ©x
ms¯‹iY¸wj‡Z A‡b‡KB
cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e KvR
K‡i‡Qb| G‡ì gv‡S
i‡q‡Qb; me©Rbve †`‡e›`ª
16 wW‡m¤î 1988
†hvkx (fviZxq), nvwg`yj
Bmjvg, †Mvjvg dviæK
Avn‡g`, †n‡jbv †eMg, mvewiYv kviwgb wibwK, myb›`v kviwgb Zš^x, Avwgbyj Bmjvg (fviZxq), Avãyj gwZb, †gvt
kvnRvnvb, †gvt ûgvq~b, Avd‡ivRv †eMg iægv, nvwmev nvmvb Rqv, wbqvR †gvnv¤§`, Zvwbqv myjZvbv, Avd‡ivRv myjZvbv
cwjb, gviæd nvmvb ¯^cb, Avj Avwjgyj Bgvg we`y¨r, wke bvivqY `vm, Kvgiæ¾vgvb, Gev`yi ingvb, nvq`vi Avjg,
kvnvbviv eKzj, eKzj †gv¯Ívdv, Avd‡ivRv †eMg, †nvm‡b Aviv †PŠayix, gwbiæj Av‡e`xb cvàb, D¾¡j Kzgvi gRyg`vi,
AvwKK Avn‡g`, ivwReyj Bmjvg, wecyj Avkivd, Lyi‡k`yj Avjg, wfb‡m›U evig›U (divmx), _bwfjøy (jvImxq),
gvndzRyi ingvb ivbv, G AvB Gg
mvBdzjøvn, gvndzRyi ingvb gvmyg,
mv‡R`v Lvbg gvjv, dv‡Zgv myjZvbv
iƒcx, bvmwib cviwfb wgï, dviRvbv
Zvnwgb, bymivZ Rvnvb gybgyb, kv‡n`v
LvZzb, bykivZ Rvnvb gy³v, AÄbv ivYx
miKvi gwb, iIkb Aviv iæex, Avjg
wKewiqv, Rvgvb †di‡`Šm wU‡Uv, Avmgv
†eMg, gvmy`y¾vgvb, wKewiqv ReŸvi,
nvweeyi ingvb iwY, gbmyi ingvb gyb,
byiæbœvnvi cwj, †kvfb, Awc©Zv Dwg©,
dviRvbv †eMg, Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb,
bvwmi DwÏb fzBqv, kvwnbyi Av³vi,
gvKmy` Avn‡g`, Zvnvwg`yi ingvb
dvnv`, †i‡bmuv Avnwgbv, Lvwj` †Mvjvg dviæK Avn‡g` mn †gv¯Ívdv ReŸvi
†gvnv¤§`, wmivRyj Bmjvg, mvwenv
Avd‡ivR Kbv, dv‡Zgv gBb, kxjv ivYx Kg©Kvi, †mŠif `vm, Avwidzi ingvb wigb, ivwRqv myjZvbv KvRj, BmgZ
Aviv Bjv, P›`b AvPvh©¨, gywReyi ingvb, ZvRwib Av³vi mywß, jyrdzbœvnvi jZv, iæwg Av³vi, gqbv Av³vi, †¯œnvkxl
ivq, AviRvbv Lvbg, kviwgb Lvb I KviwbR dv‡Zgv cÖgyL|
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GB mdUIq¨v‡ii Dbœqb I evRviRvZKi‡Y evsjv‡`k-fviZ (Avmvg, wÎcyiv, cwðge½mn) I we‡k¦i AmsL¨ ¯’v‡b
emevmKvix evsjv I Amwgqv fvlvfvlx, Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv eënviKvix, AmsL¨ weRq eënviKvix, evsjv‡`‡ki AvBwmwU
mwgwZmg~‡ni m`më„›` I †bZ…e„›`, Kw¤úDUvi eëmvqx cÖwZôvb †hgb; m‡bvjvBU gvwëwgwWqv, Gwkqvb AvBwU mwjDkÝ,
mdUIq¨vi GÛ †Mgm gv‡K©wUs mwgwZ, Kw¤úDUvi †mvm© wjt, Kg f¨vjx wjt, †Møvevj eªvÛ cÖvB‡fU wjt, ¯§vU©
U‡K‡bvjwRm wjt, †d¬viv wjwg‡UW, †d¬viv wm‡÷gm wjt, †d¬viv †UwjKg wjt, mvwK B›Uvib¨vkbvj, Kw¤úDUvi Iqvì©
(wm‡jU), Gwkqv Kw¤úDUvi evRvi, †Mv‡ìb †UªW B›Uvib¨vkbvj I wµ‡qwUf Kw¤úDUvi KwgDwb‡Kkb mn weRq Kx‡evW© I
mdUIq¨vi evRviRvZKvix wewfbœ AvBwmwU cÖwZôvbmg~n, †`k we‡`‡ki wewfbœ miKvix-†emiKvix cÖwZôv‡bi weRq
eënviKvix Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixe„›`, wewfbœ ¯‹zj-K‡jR-wek¦we`¨vj‡qi weRq eënviKvix QvÎ-QvÎx I wkÿK-wkwÿKvMY,
cÖqvZ wkÿK Wt ûgvq‚b AvRv`mn XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡Mi kª‡×q wkÿKe„›`, eÜzei gyn¤§` Rvjvj, weRq
wWwRUvj-Gi cÖavb wbe©vwn Kg©KZ©v †Rmwgb RyB, giûg cÖ‡dmi AvdZve Avngv`mn mn XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, m~h©‡mb nj
I evsjv wefv‡Mi mZx_©MY Ges wewfbœ mg‡qi Avgvi mnKg©xMY Avgv‡K e¨vcKfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb|
†`‡ki wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi Ab¨vb¨ QvÎ-QvÎxe„›`, †`‡ki cÎ-cwÎKv, B‡jKUªwbK I wWwRUvj wgwWqvi me©¯Í‡ii gvbyl,
cÖ‡KŠkjx nvq`vi †nv‡mb, gvwmK mv‡Kv cwÎKvi m¤úv`K Rbve ˆmKZ †PŠayix, Kw¤úDUvi Uz‡Wi Rbve wRjøyi iwng,
evsjv GKv‡Wgxi mv‡eK cwiPvjK Rbve gbmyi gymv, †`k we‡`‡ki wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï cwÐZMY,
wewfbœ wgwWqvi mvsevw`K eÜzMY,
fviZevmx †`‡e›`ª †Rvkx, divmx
fvlvwe` wfb‡m›U evig›U Ges
jvI‡mi Awaevmx _bwfjøyi
mnvqZv Avwg K…ZÁZvi mv‡_
we‡klfv‡e ¯§iY KiwQ|
DB‡ÛvR I g¨v‡Ki eënviKvixiv
GB Aa¨v‡qi †klvs‡k _vKv `ªæZ
BÝUj Kivi c×wZ †R‡b
mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj K‡i wb‡Z
cv‡ib| Z‡e wjbv· ev GÛª‡q‡Wi
Rb¨ wØZxq Aa¨vq †`Lyb|
†cÖm BÝwUwUDU Ae evsjv‡`‡k weRq wb‡q †mwgbvi DB‡ÛvR 8 eënviKvixiv Aek¨B
GB Aa¨vqwU †`‡L †b‡eb| G‡Z
mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Ki‡Z †hme mgm¨v nq Zvi mgvavb GB Aa¨v‡qB †`qv Av‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Zvi cybiæw³ Kiv
nqwb|
hw` †KD cy‡iv wb‡`©wkKv ev Zvi Ask we‡kl ev †Kvb mdUIq¨vi ev Zvi †Kvb Ask we‡kl wb‡q †Kvb gZvgZ cvVv‡Z
Pvb Z‡e Zv †gB‡j, †dv‡b, †dmey‡K ev I‡q‡e cvVv‡Z cv‡ib|
2013 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î Avgiv weRq evsjv mdUIq¨v‡ii R‡b¥i cwPkZg eQi c~Y© K‡iwQ| hwÌ weRq evsjv
mdUIq¨vi eënvi ïiæ nq 1987 mv‡ji GwcÖj †_‡KB Z_vwc weRq Kx‡evW©mn GKwU c~Y©v½ mdUIq¨v‡ii Rb¥ evsjv
fvlv mvwnZ¨ I wjwci Rb¨ GKwU HwZnvwmK NUbv| HwZn¨ I M‡e©i GB mg‡q Avgiv cÖKvk K‡iwQ DB‡ÛvR I
†gwK‡›Uv‡mi Rb¨ weRq -Gi cÖPwjZ mdUIq¨v‡ii bZzb ms¯‹iY| GKB mv‡_ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q GÛª‡qW I wjbv‡·i Rb¨
weRq Kx‡evW© I BDwb‡KvWmn evsjv †jLvi mdUIq¨vi|
GKbR‡i Avgv‡ì eZ©gvb Avc‡WU m¤ú‡K© avibv †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
1) mdUIq¨vi¸‡jvi mKj ms¯‹iY‡KB me©‡kl ms¯‹i‡Yi Rb¨ K¤úvwUej Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2) weRq KbfvU©vi¸‡jvi B›Uvi‡dm Avc‡WU Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges KbfvU©vi¸‡jv‡K AviI ÎæwUgy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
3) weRq Awfavb bvgK evbvb ï× Kivi mdUIq¨viwU‡K AviI DbœZ K‡i gvB‡µvmdU Iqv‡W©i GW Abm wn‡m‡e hy³
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
4) BDwb‡KvW c×wZi cvkvcvwk weRq -Gi AvmwK †KvW cÖPjb evov‡bv n‡q‡Q|
5) weRq -Gi GKvËi Gb‡KvwWs‡K AviI msnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
6) 100wU d›U cwievi i‡q‡Q| AvmwK d‡Èi mv‡_ GKvËi Ackb hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| mKj d›U‡K m¤úvw`Z K‡i hy³
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
7) BÝUjvi I cvmIqvW© c×wZwU‡K AviI DbœZ I ÎæwUgy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
8) †KvqvK© G·‡cÖ‡mi mKj ms¯‹i‡Yi mv‡_ K¤úvwUej Kiv n‡q‡Q|
9) mivmwi DB‡ÛvR 8-G BÝUj Kivi eë¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q|
5
wcwm I U¨ve‡j‡Ui RbwcÖq Pvi Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ weRq
mviv `ywbqvi Avi †Kvb mdUIq¨vi m¤¢eZ we‡k¦i cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUv‡ii 4wU RbwcÖq Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g GKB Kx‡evW©
KvR Kivi `vwe Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv| GgbwK GKB GKB Gb‡KvwWs I GKB d›U mKj I.Gm-G KvR Ki‡e Ggb `vweI
Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv| `yB hy‡MiI †ewk mg‡q Avgiv †mB Ae¯’vbwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ| wb‡P Avgiv DB‡ÛvR, g¨vK,
wjbv· I GÛª‡qW-Gi Rb¨ wewfbœ ms¯‹iY¸‡jvi cwiwPwZ Zz‡j aiwQ|
1) DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ weRq: DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ weRq evsjv mdUIq¨v‡ii cvPwU ms¯‹iY
i‡q‡Q| Avcwb Gm‡ei †h †Kvb GKwU Bb÷j Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
weRq B›Uvi‡bU: DB‡Ûv‡Ri GB ms¯‹iYwU †KejgvÎ B›Uvi‡b‡U KvR K‡i| GwU w`‡q †KejgvÎ BDwb‡KvW c×wZ‡Z
evsjv †jLv hvq| Gi mv‡_ †Kvb d›U †`qv nqbv| Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi d›U w`‡qB evsjv wjL‡Z nq| Z‡e †h †Kvb
BDwb‡KvW d›U G‡Z KvR K‡i|
weRq evqv‡bœv: GwU n‡jv me‡P‡q Kg ÿgZvi Ges Kg `v‡gi evsjv mdUIq¨vi| GwU w`‡q ïaygvÎ weRq Kx‡evW© eënvi
K‡i AvmwK Ges BDwb‡KvW Dfq c×wZ‡Z evsjv †jLv hvq| G‡Z gvÎ `ywU KbfvU©vi i‡q‡Q| GwU †KejgvÎ e¨w³MZ
eënv‡ii Rb¨| †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ Gi jvB‡mÝ cÖ`vb Kiv nqbv| GwU mKj mdUIq¨v‡i KvR bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i|
weRq GKz‡k: GwU n‡”Q evqv‡bœvi PvB‡Z kw³kvjx evsjv mdUIq¨vi| G‡Z weRq evqv‡bœvi me myweav‡Zv Av‡QB eis G‡Z
evowZ gywbi Kx‡evW© Av‡Q| G‡Z A‡bK evowZ d›U Av‡Q Ges A‡bK¸‡jv evowZ KbfvU©vi Av‡Q| G‡Z AviI Av‡Q
evbvb ï× Kivi eë¯’v| GwU †KejgvÎ miKvwi ev †emiKvwi cÖvwZôvwbK Kv‡R eënv‡ii Rb¨| G‡Z gybxi Kx‡evW©
BDwb‡KvW c×wZ‡Z †jLv hvq|
weRq GKvËi: G‡Z weRq B›Uvi‡bU, weRq evqv‡bœv I weRq GKz‡ki mKj myweav‡Zv Av‡QB GKvËi bv‡gi AviI GKwU
bZzb Ackb G‡Z Av‡Q| we‡kl K‡i hviv gy`ªY I cÖKvkbvi KvR Ki‡eb GwU Zv‡ì Rb¨ Lye Kv‡Ri| G‡Z gybxi
Kx‡evW© BDwb‡KvW c×wZ‡Z †jLv hvq| G‡Z AviI Av‡Q mKj cÖKv‡ii WvUv KbfvU©vi, evbvb ï×KiY mdUIq¨vi I
m‡e©v”P cwigv‡Yi d›U| weRq GKvËi-Gi me©‡kl
ms¯‹i‡Yi me‡P‡q eo myweav n‡jv †h, Gi mKj
d›U bZzb K‡i m¤úvw`Z| G‡Z Kgc‡ÿ 10wU
bZzb d›U cwievi hy³ n‡q‡Q| Gi KbfvU©vi¸‡jv
n‡q‡Q AviI ÎæwUgy³| Gi †¯új †PKvi GLb
gvB‡µvmdU Iqv‡W©i mv‡_ mivmwi KvR K‡i|
weRq GKvËi †cÖv; DB‡ÛvR-Gi Rb¨ cÖYxZ GB
mdUIq¨viwU Avgv‡ì my`xN© mg‡qi cwikÖ‡gi
dmj| e¯‘Z cÖKvkbvi cÖavb mdUIq¨vi †KvqvK©
G‡·‡cÖ‡mi bZzbZg ms¯‹iYmg~n †hgb 7, 8, 9
I 10 Gi mv‡_ KvR Kivi cvkvcvwk †cR‡gKvi
7-G KvR Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv GB mdUIq¨viwU‡K Avc‡WU K‡iwQ| GwUi mv‡_ Av‡Q 100wU d›U cwievi Ges D”PZi
AvmwK †KvW eënvi Kivi myweav| Gi me‡P‡q eo myweav n‡jv †h GwU mivmwi DB‡ÛvR 8-G BÝUj Kiv hvq|
2) weRq GKvËi-g¨vK: g¨vK I.Gm 10-Gi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q weRq GKvËi|
GB mdUIq¨viwU me‡P‡q eo myweav n‡”Q †h GwU GLb cy‡ivcywi
DB‡ÛvR I wjbv· K¤úvwUej| G‡Z GKvËi Gb‡KvwWs _vKvi d‡j
cÖKvkYvq bv›`wbK evsjv nid eënvi Kiv hvq| DB‡ÛvR ev wjbv‡·i
†Kvb dvBj‡K g¨v‡K Avbvi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi Kbfvm©b cÖ‡qvRb nqbv|
†h mdUIq¨vi ˆZwi †mB mdUIq¨v‡iB †mB dvBj †Lvjv hvq| mKj
Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gB GKB d›U KvR K‡i| GwU DB‡Ûv‡Ri weRq
GKvË‡ii g‡ZvB| Z‡e G‡Z †Kvb KbfvU©vi †bB| d›U Av‡Q
me¸‡jvB| g¨vK ms¯‹i‡Yi GKwU welq g‡b ivLv ìKvi| Avgiv jÿ¨
K‡iwQ †h gvB‡µvmdU Awd‡mi mv‡_ GB ms¯‹iYwU eënvi Kiv n‡j
Zv‡Z ›` ev ›U Gi gv‡S GKUz †ewk dvK n‡q hvq| Z‡e I‡cb Awdm
4.0 ev Ab¨ mdUIq¨vi¸‡jv‡Z Gme mgm¨v †bB|
6
3) weRq wjbv·: wjbv· Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ AvmwK Ges BDwb‡KvW Dfq c×wZ‡Z evsjv †jLvi eë¯’v Av‡Q GB
mdUIq¨viwU‡Z| GB mdUIq¨viwUi Av‡M weRq -Gi AvmwK †KvW Abymv‡i DB‡ÛvR
ev †gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUv‡ii K¤úvwUej †Kvb evsjv mdUIq¨vi cÖKvwkZ nqwb| GgbwK
weRq -Gi wbR¯^ c×wZ‡Z evsjv Kx‡evW© eënvi Kivi eë¯’vI wQ‡jvbv| Ab¨w`‡K
GKB mdUIq¨v‡i BDwb‡KvW I AvmwK c×wZ‡Z †jLvi eë¯’vI wQ‡jvbv| eRq
wjbv‡· GLb DB‡bWAvR I g¨vK Gi g‡Zv K‡iB evsjv †jLvi eë¯’v i‡q‡Q| GKB
mv‡_ wjbv‡·i dvBj DB‡ÛvR I g¨v‡K wb‡q eënvi Kivi eë¯’vI i‡q‡Q|
4) weRq GÛª‡qW: GÛª‡qW Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi 4.1 ev Zvi c‡ii ms¯‹i‡Yi Rb¨
GKwU cixÿvg~jK ms¯‹iY cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU
w`‡q GÛª‡qW 4.1 ev Zvi c‡ii Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g
ïaygvÎ BDwb‡KvW c×wZ‡Z AZ¨šÍ PgrKvifv‡e
evsjv †jLv hvq| GÛª‡qW PvwjZ ¯§vU© †dvb, U¨ve‡jU
wcwm, j¨vcUc ev †W¯‹U‡c eënv‡i †Kvb mgm¨v †bB| G‡Z i‡q‡Q fviPzqvj I UvP
w¯Œb Kx‡evW©| Z‡e G‡Z weRq Kx‡evW© eënvi Kivi mgq 5wU ¯îwPý e‡Y©i c‡i wjL‡Z
nq| †hgb w Kvi † Kvi ˆ Kvi †v Kvi †Š Kvi BZ¨vw`| cÖPwjZ Kx‡ev‡evW© Gme ¯îwPý
†hfv‡e †`Lv hvq †mfv‡e wjL‡Z nq| wKš‘ GÛª‡qW-Gi GB ms¯‹iYwU‡Z 5wU ¯îwPý
e‡Y©i c‡i UvBc Ki‡Z nq| †hgb wK †jLvi mgq cÖ_g K I Zvic‡i w Kvi UvBc
Ki‡Z nq| Avgiv hLb Gi evwYwR¨K ms¯‹iY cÖKvk Ki‡ev ZLb GB eë¯’vwU e`jv‡bv n‡e Ges Avgv‡ì cÖPwjZ
c×wZ Zv‡Z Avgiv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡ev| †mB mg‡q mKj cøvUdi‡g evsjv †jLvi c×wZ‡Z GKwU mwgjZv _vK‡e|
7
weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi `ªæZ BÝUj Kivi c×wZ
GB wb‡`©wkKvi wØZxq Aa¨v‡q weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi †Kgb K‡i BÝUj Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY †`qv Av‡Q|
Avcwb †h ms¯‹iYwU BÝUj Ki‡eb wb‡`©wkKvi wØZxq Aa¨v‡qi †mB AskwU cvV K‡i Avcbvi Kv‡Q _vKv weRq evsjv
mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avcwb GB wb‡`©wkKvi cÖ_g Aa¨vqwU cvV bv K‡i mivmwi wØZxq Aa¨v‡q wM‡q Gi
BÝU‡jkb KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e wØZxq Aa¨v‡q bv wM‡qI bx‡Pi Dcvq Aej¤^b K‡i Avcwb mivmwi
mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e wØZxq Aa¨v‡q mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kivi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY i‡q‡Q e‡j †mB
Aa¨vqwU cvV K‡i Avcwb A‡bK welq m¤ú‡K© AewnZ n‡Z cvi‡eb hv Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv †jLvi Kv‡R mnvqK
n‡e| bx‡P Avcwb †Kgb K‡i g¨vK I.Gm Ges DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj Ki‡eb Zvi mswÿß
weeiY cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv:
weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g BÝUj Kiv _vK‡Z n‡e| †gwK‡›Uvm
Kw¤úDUv‡ii Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g n‡jv g¨vK I.Gm 10| DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g¸‡jv n‡jv DB‡ÛvR G·wc, DB‡ÛvR
wf¯Ív, DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb Ges DB‡ÛvR GBU| wjbv‡·i me©‡kl ms¯‹iY I GÛª‡qW 4.1 ev Zvi c‡ii ms¯‹i‡Y weRq
Bb÷j Kiv hv‡e| Avcbvi Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g DB‡ÛvR n‡j Avcbvi cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹iY evQvB K‡i
†b‡eb|
`ªZ BÝUj Kivi c×wZ
DB‡ÛvR: DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kivi Av‡MB Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g
Ges gvB‡µvmdU Awdm BÝUj K‡i †b‡eb| Gici Avcwb hw` Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii wmwW/wWwfwW WªvB‡f weRq evsjv
mdUIq¨v‡ii wmwW ev wWwfwWwU cÖ‡ek Kivb Z‡e †mwU ¯^qswµqfv‡e Pvjy n‡e| Avcbvi WªvBfwU wWwfwW n‡j Zv‡Z wmwW
ev wWwfwW `y‡UvB eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e WªvBfwU ïay wmwW n‡j Zv‡Z wWwfwW eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| GRb¨
Aek¨B wWwfwW WªvBf jvM‡e| Avcwb ïay †mB BÝUjv‡ii wb‡`©k AbymiY K‡iB mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
GRb¨ Avcbv‡K †Kej †b·U †b·U †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj nevi ci Avcwb Kw¤úDUviwU wi÷vU© Ki‡Z cv‡ib ev ÷vU© †gbyi Aj †cÖvMÖvgm †_‡K weRq evsjv
mdUIq¨vi I‡cb Kiæb| Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB evsjv mdUIq¨viwU Pvjy n‡e| ZLb mdUIq¨viwU GKwU cvmIqvW© PvB‡e| wbw`©ó
cvmIqvW© bv n‡j Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU AvBW bv¤^vi Avm‡e| Gev‡i Avcwb `yB fv‡ei GKwU fv‡e cvmIqvW© w`‡Z
cv‡ib|
K) wbw`©ó cvmIqvW©: †Kvb †Kvb ms¯‹i‡Yi Rb¨ (†hgb weRq evqv‡bœv) Avcbvi wbw`©ó cvmIqvW© ìKvi n‡e| weRq evsjv
mdUIq¨vi Pvjy nevi ci mdUIq¨viwU cvmIqvW© PvB‡e| Avcwb jÿ¨ Ki‡eb, †mB ms¯‹i‡Yi Rb¨ mdUIq¨v‡ii e‡·
GKwU cvmIqvW© wcÖ›U Kiv i‡q‡Q| †mB cvmIqvW©wU H ms¯‹i‡Yi Rb¨ eënvi Kiæb|
L) AvBwW I cvmIqvW©: †Kvb †Kvb ms¯‹i‡Yi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K cvmIqvW© msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| Ggb †ÿ‡Î BÝUj Kivi ci
(†hgb GKvËi) ev BÝUj Kivi mg‡q (g¨v‡Ki GKvËi) hw` Avcbvi mdUIq¨vi cvmIqvW© Pvq Z‡e Avcbvi mvg‡b
GKwU AvBwW bv¤^vi Avm‡e| †mB AvBwW bv¤^viwU Avb›` Kw¤úDUv‡m© w`‡j Avcwb GKwU cvmIqvW© cv‡eb-†mB cvmIqvW©
w`‡j mdUIq¨viwU Pvjy n‡e|
weRq B›Uvi‡bU ms¯‹i‡Y †Kvb cvmIqvW© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nqbv| wjbv· ev GÛª‡qW-Gi weRq BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb
cvmIqvW© w`‡Z nqbv|
Z‡e DB‡ÛvR 8 Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g weRq BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| Avgiv GKwU wP‡Îi mnvqZvq
Avcbvi KiYxq welqwU Zz‡j aiwQ|
8
mdUIq¨viwU Pvjy nevi ci Avcwb G¨vwcø‡Kkb †cÖvMÖvg Pvjy Ki‡eb| Gici K‡›Uªvj AjUvi b w`‡q AvmwK, K‡›Uªvj
AjUvi e w`‡q GKvËi I K‡›Uªvj AjUvi v w`‡q BDwb‡KvW c ×wZ‡Z ev K‡›Uªvj AjUvi o w`‡q wewWGm 1520:2011
Gb‡KvwWs-c×wZ‡Z evsjv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb| †Kvb †Kvb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g Avcwb KgvÛ w`‡q Kx‡evW© mwµq Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb bv| †Zgb Ae¯’vq Avcbv‡K †gby †_‡K Kx‡evW© evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K wjbv·, GÛª‡qW I evqv‡bœv
mdUIq¨vi GKvËi c×wZ eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| B›Uvi‡bU ms¯‹i‡Y GKvËi ev AvmwK c×wZ eënvi Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb bv|
†gwK‡›Uvm Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ weRq GKvËi:

†gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨ Avcwb GKBfv‡e weRq evsjv mdUIq¨v‡ii wWwfwWwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii wWwfwW WªvB‡f cÖ‡ek
Kiv‡eb| Gici Avcwb mdUIq¨viwUi bijoy.jar dvBjwU Pvjy Ki‡eb| ZLb Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU c`©v Avm‡e| Zv‡Z
Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU AvBwW bv¤^vi Avm‡e| Avcwb GB AvBwW bv¤^viwU Avb›` Kw¤úDUv‡m© cÖ`vb K‡i GKwU cvmIqvW©
†b‡eb Ges cvmIqvW© cvevi ci †mwU cvmIqv‡W©i e‡· UvBc Ki‡eb I †fwidvB Ki‡eb|
Kw¤úDUviwU Pvjy n‡j application>System Preferences>Languages & Text>Input Source G hv‡eb
Ges 3wU Ackb Bijoy Classic, Bijoy Ekattor, Bijoy Unicode wm‡j± Ki‡eb| †gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUv‡i †Kej
weRq Kx‡evW© i‡q‡Q| Kx‡evW© †gby †_‡K Avcwb K¬vwmK, GKvËi ev BDwb‡KvW Ges mswkøó d›U evQvB K‡i weRq Kx‡evW©
w`‡q evsjv wjL‡eb|
weRq wjbv·;
wjbv‡·i Rb¨ weRq BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi c×wZ AbymiY Kiæb|
9
Avcbvi wjbv· †W¯‹U‡c GB dvBj¸‡jv Kwc Kiæb| 'bn-bijoyClassic.mim' , 'bn-bijoyClassic.png' ,'bn-
bijoyUnicode.mim' and 'bn-bijoyUnicode.png'in your Ubuntu Desktop.
Gici GB wVKvbvq hvb Applications >> Accessories >> Terminal
wb‡Pi KgvÛ¸‡jv UvBc Kiæb
sudo chmod 777 /usr/share/m17n/
sudo chmod 777 /usr/share/m17n/icons/
cd ~/Desktop/
mv bn-bijoy.mim /usr/share/m17n/bn-bijoyClassic.mim
mv bn-bijoy.png /usr/share/m17n/icons/bn-bijoyClassic.png
mv bn-bijoy.mim /usr/share/m17n/bn-bijoyUnicode.mim
mv bn-bijoy.png /usr/share/m17n/icons/bn-bijoyUnicode.png
sudo chmod 777 /var/lib/dpkg/info/m17n-db.list
gedit /var/lib/dpkg/info/m17n-db.list
GB dvBjwUi †k‡l wb‡Pi jvBb¸‡jv Kwc Kiæb:
Copy the following lines at the end of this file:
/usr/share/m17n/icons/bn-bijoyClassic.png
/usr/share/m17n/bn-bijoyClassic.mim
/usr/share/m17n/icons/bn-bijoyUnicode.png
/usr/share/m17n/bn-bijoyUnicode.mim
dvBjwU eÜ Kiæb| wb‡Pi KgvÛwU UvBc K‡i Uvwg©bvj eÜ Kiæb|
System >> Preferences >> Startup Applications
GB †mU Avc G wM‡q Add †evZv‡g wK¬K eKiæb
wb‡Ui Z_¨¸‡jv w`‡q k~Y¨ RvqMv¸‡jv c~iY Kiæb|
Name: IBus Daemon
Command: /usr/bin/ibus-daemon -d
Comment: Start IBus daemon when Gnome starts
Gevvi Kw¤úDUvi Pvjy Kiæb| Gevi wb‡Pi †mUAv‡c hvb
System >> Preferences >> IBus Preferences
Input Method-G wK¬K Kiæb
Gici wK¬K Ki‡yb Select an input method
Gevi GB †mU Av‡c hvb; Bengali >> bijoyClassic (m17n),bijoyUnicode (m17n)
Gevi Add †evZv‡g wK¬K Kiæb| Gevi DB‡Ûv eÜ Kiæb
Gevi weRq Kx‡evW© cwiÿv Kiæb Gfv‡e;
Applications >> Office >> OpenOffice.org Word Processor
weRq Kx‡evW© mwµq Kiæb Gfv‡e| Gici †h Kx‡evW© eënvi Ki‡Z Pvb †mwU eënvi Kiæb| †hgb weRq AvmwK ev weRq
BDwb‡KvW
Press Ctrl+Space and then Alt+Shift
weRq GÛª‡qW: Gfv‡e GÛª‡qW-Gi Rb¨ weRq BÝUj Kiæb

1. "BijoyForAndroid.apk" dvBjwU BÝUj Kiæb|
2. Gevi "Settings -> Language & Input evQvB K‡i weRq Kx‡evW© †e‡Q wbb|
3. Gevi Bijoy Keyboard settings -> keyboard Layout Ges evQvB Kiæb Bangla(Bijoy)
10
cÖ_g Aa¨vq: weRq c~e©K_v
weRq evsjv Kx‡evW© I mdUIqvi eënvi Kivi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K AmsL¨ abëv`| we‡k¦i evsjv I Amwgqv fvlvfvlx
gvbyl‡ì Kv‡Q AwZ wcÖq GB Kx‡evW© I mdUIq¨viwU eënvi Ki‡Z ïiæ Kivi Av‡M mgq _vK‡j wKQz AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq
Z_¨ †R‡b wb‡Z cv‡ib| Gme Z_¨ Avcbv‡K weRq ev Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv-Amwgqv eënvi Ki‡Z `viæbfv‡e mnvqZv
Ki‡e|
†QvU BwZnvm
GB ïf mg‡q Avmyb GKevi AwZ ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ n‡jI GKUz †cQ‡b wd‡i ZvKvB| Lye †QvU K‡i †`wL weRq-Gi
†cQ‡bi BwZnvmwU‡K| evsjv, Amwgqv, gwbcyix, bvMv, PvKgv,
wÎcyiv, Dwoqv BZ¨vw` fvlvq eëüZ evsjv wjwc Kw¤úDUv‡i
cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ 1987 mv‡ji 28†k GwcÖj Avwg cÖ_g
Kw¤úDUv‡ii †evZvg ¯úk© Kwi| Gi Av‡M Avwg †Kvbw`b Ggb ev
†Kvb Kw¤úDUvi †`wLwb| †Kgb K‡i Ggb Kw¤úDUvi eënvi
Ki‡Z nq ZvI RvbZvgbv| eis XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AvBweG‡Z
GKevi Kw¤úDUvi †kLvi GKwU †Kv‡m© fwZ© n‡q evBbvwi A‡¼i
f‡q †mB †Kvm© mgvß Kwiwb| 1987 mv‡ji 28 GwcÖj cvIqv
†mB †gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUvi w`‡qB H eQ‡ii 16 †g cÖ_g
Kw¤úDUvi K‡¤úvR K‡i Avwg cÖKvk Kwi evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU
Abb¨ mvgwqKx-hvi bvg mvßvwnK Avb›`cÎ| †mB cÖKvkbvi ga¨
w`‡q evsjv gy`ªY I cÖKvkbv cÖ‡ek K‡i GK bZzb w`M‡šÍ| 16 †g
1987 Avb›`cÎ cÖKvwkZ nq gvBbyj wjwc bvgK GKwU d›U w`‡q| Zv‡Z ew¼g d›U I ReŸvi Kx‡evW© hy³ K‡iwQ‡jb 9
mvwK©U nvDm †iv‡Wi ˆmq` gvBbyj nvmvb| Gi ciciB 12 †m‡Þ¤î 1987 Avwg ReŸvi Kx‡evW© (Avgvi evevi ¯§„wZi
cÖwZ kª×v Rvbv‡Z) Gi mv‡_ Avb›` (Avgvi cÖwZôv‡bi bv‡g) I myb›`v (Avgvi †QvU †g‡qi bv‡g) d›Umg~n ˆZwi Kwi| G
cÖhyw³ we‡k¦i evsjv wjwc eënviKvix gvby‡li Rb¨ GK e¨vcK cwieZ©b G‡b †`q| Kx‡evW©wU UvBcivB‡Uv‡ii gybxi
Kx‡ev‡W©i g‡Zv wQ‡jv| Z‡e †mwU UvBcivBUv‡ii `yB ¯Í‡ii e`‡j
Pvi ¯Í‡ii wQ‡jv| Z‡e d›U¸‡jv wQ‡jv †ckv`vwifv‡e wWRvBb
Kiv| wKš‘ ZLbI Avgv‡ì KwVb Kx-†evW© wm‡÷g eënvi Ki‡Z
n‡Zv| ZLb †gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUv‡ii PviwU ¯Íi (bg©vj, wkdU,
Ackb I wkdU Ackb) eënvi K‡i 188wU †evZvg gyL¯’ K‡i
evsjv fvlv wjL‡Z n‡Zv| ZLb †_‡K Aweivg M‡elYv K‡i Avwg
evsjv nid Kw¤úDUv‡i †jLvi Rb¨ GKwU Kx‡evW© Avwe®‹vi Kwi|
†mwUB weRq| 1988 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^‡i †gwK‡›Uv‡ki Rb¨ cÖYxZ
weRq Kx‡evW© I mdUIq¨vi Ges Zvi AvIZvaxb d›Umg~n
Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv eënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î êcøweK cwieZ©‡bi m~Pbv
K‡i| Gici 1992 mv‡j cÖKvk Kwi Gi wØZxq ms¯‹iY | ejvi
A‡cÿv iv‡Lbv w`jøx‡Z evbv‡bv mdUIq¨viwU evsjv‡`‡k evbv‡bvi
Rb¨ gvbyl ˆZwi Ki‡ZB GB mgq †j‡M‡Q|
†gwb‡›Uv‡k weRq RbwcÖq nIqvi ci Avwg GKB c×wZ wcwm‡Z
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© Kivi †Póv Pvjv‡Z _vwK| †mB cÖ‡PóviB mdj cÖ‡qvM nq 26 gvP© 1993, cÖ_g DB‡ÛvR
(weRq -Gi Z…Zxq Ges DB‡ÛvR-Gi cÖ_g) ms¯‹iY cÖKvk Kivi ga¨ w`‡q| Gici DB‡ÛvR
Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g-Gi Rb¨ A‡bK¸‡jv ms¯‹iY cÖKvk Kiv n‡jI †gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨
2005 mv‡ji 13B A‡±ve‡ii Av‡M Avi †Kvb ms¯‹iY cÖKvk Kiv nqwb| Aek¨ g¨vK I.Gm 10
cÖKv‡ki Av‡M †Zgb †Kvb ms¯‹i‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbI wQ‡jvbv| KviY 1992 mv‡ji g¨vK ms¯‹iYwU
g¨vK I.Gm 9 ch©šÍ †Kvb Amyweav QvovB KvR Ki‡Zv| Z‡e GiB gv‡S BDwb‡KvW RbwcÖq n‡q
I‡V Ges BDwb‡Kv‡Wi Rb¨ mdUIq¨vi ˆZwi KivwU GKwU `vwqZ¡ n‡q `vovq| †mB m~Î a‡iB
2005 mv‡j BDwb‡Kv‡Wi weRq cÖKvwkZ nq| 2007 mv‡j g¨vK I.Gm 10 (wjIcvW©mn) Gi Rb¨
cÖYxZ weRq GKz‡k myeY© ms¯‹iY 2007-Gi DB‡ÛvR ms¯‹iY I g¨vK I.Gm 10 ms¯‹iY I DB‡Ûv‡Ri weRq K¬vwmK †cÖv
11
2007 cÖKvwkZ nq| †mB avivevwnKZv‡ZB weRq Gi bZzb bZzb ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| we‡kl K‡i weRq GKvËi
†gwK‡›Uvm I DB‡Ûv‡Ri Rb¨ gy`ªY I cÖKvkbvi †ÿ‡Î AviI GK bZzb w`M‡šÍi D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Q| Gici wjbv· I
GÛª‡qW-Gi Rb¨ Avgiv bZzb ms¯‹iY cÖKvk K‡iwQ| Gi d‡j cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K ¯§vU© †dvb ch©šÍ mKj ai‡bi
wWwRUvj h‡š¿ evsjv †jLv GLb mnR I mvejxj n‡q‡Q| GKB mv‡_ Avgiv GB K_vwU ej‡Z cvwi †h, AvMvgx‡Z Gi
AviI Dbœqb n‡e Ges gy`ªY I cÖKvkbvmn mKj †ÿ‡Î AviI DbœZ c×wZ Kvh©Kifv‡e eënvi Kiv hv‡e|
evsjvwjwc, Kx‡evW© Ges Gb‡KvwWs

Avgiv mevB Rvwb, evsjv fvlv e½wjwc ev evsjv wjwc w`‡q †jLv nq| GB wjwcwU fviZel©xq fvlvmg~‡n eëüZ
eªvþxwjwci AšÍf³ z© | hwÌ GB wjwc w`‡q Amwgqv, PvKgv, gvigv, gwbcyixmn Av‡iv A‡bK c~e© fviZxq fvlv †jLv nq,
ZeyI evsjv Ges AmwgqvB n‡”Q GB wjwci cÖavb `ywU fvlv| evsjv wjwci Avwìƒc AbymiY Kiv n‡j Amwgqv Ges
evsjvq Aÿ‡ii †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| Z‡e Avgv‡ì AvaywbK evsjv wjwci gv‡S Amwgqv‡Z eëüZ GKwU Aÿi †bB|
AšÍ¯’ e eY©wU hv Amwgqvq Iqv e bv‡g cwiwPZ, †mwU Avgv‡ì AvaywbK evsjvq GLb Avi †bB| GwU †`L‡Z evsjv ÔiÕ-
Gi g‡Zv| Z‡e cÖvPxb evsjvq GB eY©¸‡jvB ïay bq, Av‡iv A‡bK wPývw` Ges eY© i‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K Amwgqvq eëüZ
ÔiÕ eY©wU Avgv‡ì i e‡Y©i g‡Zv bq| GwU †cUKvUv Ges bx‡P †Kvb †dvUv †bB|
evsjv wjwc‡Z ¯îeY©, ¯îwPý, e¨ÄbeY© Ges hy³vÿi i‡q‡Q| GQvov Av‡Q msL¨v Ges wPý| Avgiv Avgv‡ì evsjv
mdUIq¨v‡i evsjv eY©mgwói mewKQzB †jLvi eë¯’v †i‡LwQ| me‡P‡q fv‡jvfv‡e evsjv mKj eY© †jLv hvq weRq GKvËi
Ges BDwb‡KvW c×wZ‡Z|
Ab¨w`‡K Avgv‡ì g‡b ivLv ìKvi †h, evsjv wjwci Avevi AšÍZ `ywU iƒc Av‡Q| GKwU iƒc n‡”Q HwZn¨MZ| GB
iƒcwU cÖvPxbKv‡j nv‡Z †jLv cyw_ †_‡K cÖPwjZ n‡q Avm‡Q| †jUvi †cÖm Qvcv‡ZI GB c×wZ cÖPwjZ wQ‡jv| gvSLv‡b
jvB‡bvUvB‡ci cÖhyw³‡Z G‡K e`jv‡bv n‡jI Avevi d‡UvK‡¤úvR c×wZ‡Z e½wjwci Avwìƒc wd‡i Av‡m| Avgv‡ì
cÖPwjZ eB, cÎ-cwÎKv, mvgwqKx BZ¨vw`‡Z GB iƒcwU eëüZ nq| G‡Z hy³vÿi-Gi HwZn¨MZ iƒcwU aiv c‡o| †hgb
k+y GB iƒ‡c ï n‡q hvq| Ab¨w`‡K evsjv‡`k Ges fvi‡Zi cvV¨cy¯Í‡ K Av‡iv ¯úó K‡i evsjv eY© †jLv nq| GB iƒ‡c
k+y †K ky †jLv nq| weRq w`‡q Dfq iƒ‡ci AÿiB †jLv hvq| GRb¨ Avgiv weRq GKvËi I BDwb‡KvW eënvi Kivi
Rb¨ Aby‡iva KiwQ|
Rb¥jMœ †_‡KB Avgiv evsjv eY© Kw¤úDUv‡i †jLvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wbR¯^ c¨v‡U›UK…Z cÖhyw³ eënvi KiwQ| GB cÖhyw³‡Z
evsjv hy³vÿi Ges ¯îeY© Kw¤úDUv‡i †jLvi Rb¨ Avgiv evsjv nmšÍ (Bs‡iRx wR) eY©‡K wj¼ wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡iwQ|
Avevi weRq Kx‡evW© web¨vm Kivi mgq Avgiv evsjv wjwci GKwU PgrKvi Ae¯’vb w¯’i K‡iwQ| GB c×wZ‡Z AícÖvY
gnvcÖvY †Rvov‡KI eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖhyw³i d‡j Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvaviY Kx‡evW© eënvi K‡i mKj evsjv eY©,
wPý Ges hy³vÿi m¤ú~Y© AweK…Zfv‡e †jLv hvq| GB K_vwU LyeB ¯úó K‡i cÖwYavb Kiv DwPZ †h, evsjv wjwc
Kw¤úDUv‡i eënvi Kivi Rb¨ Zvi GKwU Gb‡KvwWs cÖ‡qvRb nq| GB Gb‡KvwWswU GLb †gvU wZbwU gv‡bi n‡q _v‡K|
Avw`‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡i †KejgvÎ 256wU e‡Y©i †KvW eënvi Kiv †h‡Zv| GB Gb‡KvwWs gvbwU Avbwm ev AvmwK bv‡g
cwiwPZ| Ab¨ GKwU gvb c„w_exi mKj fvlvi Rb¨B weKwkZ n‡”Q, †mwU n‡jv BDwb‡KvW| Avgiv weRq GKvË‡ii Rb¨
AvmwKi 256 †Kv‡Wi evB‡i A_P BDwb‡KvW c×wZ bq, †Zgb GKwU gvb ˆZix K‡iwQ hv‡K GKvËi ejv n‡”Q| evsjv
wjwci Rb¨ GB wZbwU Gb‡KvwWs gvbB GLb cÖPwjZ| fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½ BmwK-wWIB QvovI mywgZ bv‡gi GKwU
†KvwWs gvb †ek cwiwPZ| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡k evsjv wjwci Rb¨ me‡P‡q †ekx cÖPwjZ Gb‡KvwWs n‡jv weRq| GB weRq
Gb‡KvwWs DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ †ek K‡qKevi cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| DB‡ÛvR 3.1/3.11 Ges 95 Gi Rb¨
cÖYxZ weRq 3.0 Ges 4.0 Gi †KvwWs †_‡K weRq 99-Gi †KvwWs-G †ek K‡qKwU cwieZ©b Av‡Q| GgbwK GB `ywU
ms¯‹i‡Yi g‡a¨ †cv÷w¯ŒÞ Ges UªyUvBc d‡›U GKB †KvW eënvi Kivi c‡iI `ywU ms¯‹i‡Yi WvUv dvBj GK _v‡Kbv|
weRq 99, 2000, 2001, 2003-Gi †KvwWs GKiKg| weRq 2004 Ges weRq K¬vwmK, weRq evqv‡bœv, weRq evqv‡bœv †cÖv,
weRq GKz‡k, weRq GKvËi Ges weRq GKvËi †cÖv-Gi AvmwK †KvwWs GKiKg| weRq GKvËi I weRq GKvËi †cÖv
mdUIq¨v‡i AvmwK Ges BDwb‡KvW GB `ywU Gb‡KvwWs QvovI GKvËi Gb‡KvwWs bvgK Avjv`v GKwU Gb‡KvwWs
eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
12
weRq -Gi eZ©gvb ms¯‹iYmg~‡ni Z‚jbvg~jK wPÎ
welq GKvËi †cÖv evqv‡bœv GKz‡k g¨vK DBb B›Uvi‡bU wjbv· GÛª‡qW
GKvËi GKvËi
weRq Kx‡evW© n¨v n¨v n¨v n¨v n¨v n¨v n¨v n¨v
gybxi Kx‡evW© n¨v - n¨v - n¨v - - -
RvZxq Kx‡evW© n¨v - n¨v - n¨v - - -
mZ¨wRZ Kx‡evW© n¨v - - - n¨v - - -
MxZvÄjx Kx‡evW© n¨v - - - n¨v - - -
d›U msL¨v 100 ¯^í ¯^vfvweK 100 100 1wU ¯^í 1wU
weRq Gb‡KvwWs n¨v n¨v n¨v n¨v n¨v - n¨v -
BDwb‡KvW n¨v n¨v n¨v n¨v n¨v n¨v n¨v n¨v
1520: 2011 n¨v n¨v n¨v - n¨v - - -
†KvwWs
GKvËi Gb‡KvwWs n¨v - - n¨v n¨v - - -
KbfvU©vi meKwU 2wU meKwU - me KwU - - -
K¬vwmK Awfavb n¨v - n¨v - n¨v - - -
†KvqvK© n¨v - - - - - - -
†cR‡gKvi n¨v - - - - - - -
†Kv‡ijWª n¨v - - - - - - -
mivmwi DB‡ÛvR 8 n¨v - - - - - - -
13
wØZxq Aa¨vq: BÝUj I AvbBÝUj Ges wi‡gvf I wWwjU
Lye `ªæZ MwZ‡Z Kv‡R cÖ‡ek Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb GB Aa¨vqwU †_‡KB wb‡`©kbv cvV Kiæb| c~e©eZ©x Aa¨v‡q Avgiv weRq
evsjv mdUIq¨vi Ges Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv †jLv msµvšÍ wKQz †gŠwjK Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡iwQ| †mBme Z_¨ Avcbvi Rvbv
_vK‡j fv‡jv; Z‡e Avcwb hw` Pvb Z‡e, mivmwi GB Aa¨vqwU cvV K‡i Kv‡R †j‡M †h‡Z cv‡ib|
weRq - evsjv mdUIq¨v‡ii Rb¨ wK ai‡bi Kw¤úDUvi ìKvi

DB‡Ûv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖYxZ weRq eënvi Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g m¤úbœ GKwU Kw¤úDUvi eënvi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| g‡b ivL‡eb, Avcwb DB‡ÛvR G·wc, wf¯Ív, †m‡fb ev GBU Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gI weRq eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Avgv‡ì we`¨gvb (I fwel¨‡Zi) ms¯‹iY¸‡jv DB‡Ûv‡Ri 32 I 64 weU mKj ms¯‹i‡Y KvR K‡i| †mRb¨ DB‡ÛvR
G·wc, DB‡ÛvR wf¯Ív ev DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb wKsev DB‡bWAvR GBU P‡j Ggb Kw¤úDUvi eënvi Kiæb| ¯§iY ivLyb,
DB‡ÛvR G·wc hwÌ A‡cÿvK…Z Kg ÿgZvm¤úbœ Kw¤úDUv‡i P‡j, Z‡e DB‡ÛvR wf¯Ív, †m‡fb ev GB‡Ui Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ
ÿgZvevb Kw¤úDUvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Kw¤úDUv‡ii cÖ‡mwms ÿgZv, MÖvwd· KvW© Ges i¨vg h‡_ó `ªæZMwZi bv n‡j
DB‡ÛvR wf¯Ív, DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb ev GBU Pj‡e bv| GLb Avcwb DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g Ges g¨vK I.Gm Acv‡iwUs
wm‡÷g GKB Kw¤úDUv‡i eënvi Kivi Rb¨ †gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUvi eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †hme †gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUv‡i
Bb‡Uj gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi Av‡Q †m¸‡jv‡Z DB‡ÛvR eënvi Kiv hvq| g¨vK I.Gm 10.5 ev wjIcvW© ev Zvi c‡ii
ms¯‹i‡Y GKB mv‡_ `ywU ev ZviI †ewk Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g (DB‡ÛvR G·wc/wf¯Ív/ †m‡fb/ GBU Ges g¨vK) eënvi
Kivi Dchy³|
Kvh©Z weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©Iq¨v‡ii Dci wbf©i K‡i KvR K‡i bv| G‡Z †h †Kvb ai‡bi nvW©Iq¨viB
_vKzK bv †Kb, DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g hw` Zv‡Z BÝUj Kiv _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡Z Avgv‡ì mdUIq¨vi KvR Ki‡e|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g n‡”Q weRq -Gi wfwËf‚wg|
weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kivi cÖ¯‘wZ

DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g: weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi `ªæZ BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB Avcwb Avcbvi Kw¤úDUviwU‡K mwVK
mdUIq¨vi BÝUj K‡i G‡K eënvi‡hvM¨ Kiæb| G‡Kev‡i bZzbfv‡e Kw¤úDUvi Pvjy Kiv n‡j cÖ_‡gB Avcbv‡K G‡Z
DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g BÝUj Ki‡Z n‡e| RbwcÖq eªvÛ wcwm‡Z jvB‡mÝK…Z DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g BÝUj Kiv
_v‡K| †K¬vb wcwm‡ZI we‡µZviv Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g BÝUj K‡i †`q| hw` Zv bv nq, Z‡e Avcwb wb‡RB DB‡ÛvR G·wc
ev DB‡ÛvR wf¯Ív ev DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g BÝUj Kiæb| weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi eënvi Kivi Rb¨
Kgc‡ÿ DB‡ÛvR G·wc, DB‡ÛvR wf¯Ív ev DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| Gi Av‡Mi †Kvb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g
eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ †Kvb weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi KvR Ki‡ebv| hw` †Zgb †Kvb Ae¯’v nq Z‡e Avcbv‡K Avgv‡ì KvQ
†_‡K cyiv‡bv ms¯‹iY msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| Avcwb hw` bZzb †Kvb ms¯‹iY µq K‡i _v‡Kb, Z‡e Avcwb cyiv‡bv ms¯‹iY
Aek¨B msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
BDwb‡KvW †mU Avc: Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i DB‡ÛvR G·wc, wf¯Ív ev †m‡fb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g BÝUj Kiv _vKzK ev bZzb
K‡i BÝUj Kiv †nvK Avcwb DB‡ÛvR-Gi GKwU we‡kl Ackb Aek¨B cixÿv K‡i †`L‡eb| Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g
DB‡ÛvR G·wc n‡j, Avcbv‡K †`L‡Z n‡e †h, Avcbvi wiwRqbvj GÛ j¨v½y‡qR Ackb mwVK K‡i †`qv Av‡Q wKbv|
Gi Rb¨ Avcwb ÷vU© †gbyi †mwUsm †_‡K K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj evQvB K‡i †mLvb †_‡K j¨v½y‡qR GÛ wiwRqbvj AckÝ
evQvB Kiæb| †mLv‡b BÝUj dvBjm di Kg‡cø· w¯ŒÞ..... AckbwU‡Z wUK wPý †`qv Av‡Q wKbv †`Lyb| hw` †mwU †`qv
bv _v‡K Z‡e, Gici †mLvb †_‡K Kg‡cø· w¯ŒÞ AckbwU‡Z wUK wPý cÖ`vb Kiæb| GwU †PK Ki‡j Kw¤úDUvi
Avcbvi Kv‡Q DB‡ÛvR G·wci wmwW PvB‡e| wmwWwU †èvi ci GB AckbwU BÝUj n‡e| g‡b ivL‡eb, GB AckbwU
wUK †`qv bv _vK‡j BDwb‡KvW Ackb wVKg‡Zv KvR Ki‡e bv|
ïay ZvB bq, Awdm 2003-G BDwb‡KvW Ackb wVK ivLvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K Av‡iv GKwU KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ Avcwb
weRq GKz‡k -Gi wmwW‡Z ivLv BijoyEkushe\USP10 †dvìv‡i _vKv BDGmwc10 wWGjGj dvBjwU
C:\WINDOWS\system32 †dvìv‡i Kwc K‡i †`‡eb| ILv‡b Ggb GKwU wWGjGj _vK‡e| †mwU wWwjU
Ki‡eb| GKB mv‡_ Avcwb C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\OFFICE11 †dvìv‡iI GKB wWGjGj Kwc
K‡i †`‡eb| Zvi Av‡M Kgc‡ÿ gvB‡µvmdU Awdm 2003 ev gvB‡µvmdU Awdm 2007 ev I‡cb Awdm 3.2 BÝUj
Kiæb| Avcwb hw` Awdm 2007 eënvi K‡ib Z‡e BijoyEkushe\USP10 †dvìv‡ii wWGjGj dvBjwU
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\OFFICE12 †dvìv‡i Kwc K‡i †`‡eb|
14
hw` Avcwb DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb eënvi K‡ib Z‡e G·wc‡Z †h †mU Avc Kiv ìKvi nq †mwU Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡ebv|
†m‡fb-G GwU ¯^qswµqfv‡e Kiv _v‡K|
Ab¨ evsjv mdUIq¨vi I cyiv‡bv d›U wi‡gvf: Avcwb hw` cyiv‡bv eënviKvix nb Z‡e Avcwb Avcbvi Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K
we`¨gvb †Kvb evsjv mdUIq¨vi _vK‡j Zv AvbBÝUj ev wi‡gvf Kiæb| d›U¸‡jv wWwjU n‡jv wKbv †mwU wbwðZ Kiæb|
cyiv‡bv mdUIqvi ev d›U _vK‡j Avcwb A‡nZzK AevwÃZ mgm¨vq co‡Z cv‡ib| g‡b ivLv DwPZ, weRq Gi K¬vwmK,
evqv‡bœv, GKz‡k ev Zvi c‡ii ms¯‹iY¸‡jv‡Z †h Gb‡KvwWs eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi mv‡_ cyiv‡bv ms¯‹iY¸‡jvi (†hgb
2003, 99, 4.0, 3.0) Gb‡KvwWs-Gi wgj †bB| we‡kl K‡qKwU Aÿi Zv‡Z wVK _v‡Kbv|
BÝU‡jkb
GLb weRq-evsjv mdUIq¨v‡ii †ek KZ¸‡jv ms¯‹iY me mg‡qB evRviRvZ n‡q _v‡K| Gme ms¯‹i‡Yi G‡KKwU
G‡KK R‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq| Gme ms¯‹i‡Yi me¸‡jv‡Z mKj myweav _v‡Kbv| me‡P‡q mn‡R †Kvb ai‡bi Sv‡gjv
Qvov †hgb weRq evqv‡bœv 2014 BÝUj Kiv hvq †Zgwb Avevi DB‡Ûv‡Ri weRq GKvËi ev weRq GKz‡ki wWwfwW ms¯‹iY
BÝUj Ki‡Z †ek wKQz Sv‡gjv †cvnv‡Z nq|
weRq evqv‡bœv DB‡ÛvR BÝUj Kiv

weRq evqv‡bœv evsjv mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kivi Dc‡hvMx GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii wmwW WªvB‡f Avcwb weRq mdUIq¨v‡ii wmwWwU
cÖ‡ek Kivb| Avcwb Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii wmwW/wWwfwW WªvB‡f weRq-Gi wmwWwU cÖ‡ek Kivb| GB mdUIq¨viwUi
BÝUjvi Ggbfv‡e cÖ¯Z ‘ Kiv hv‡Z wmwWwU Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_B GwU ¯^qswµqfv‡e Pvjy nq| hw`
ZvrÿwYKfv‡e †mwU Pvjy bv nq Z‡e GKUz mgq A‡cÿv Kiæb| mPivPi ZLb BÝUjviwU Pvjy n‡q hv‡e| hw` wKQzÿY
A‡cÿvi ciI †mwU Pvjy bv nq Z‡e Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii wmwW A‡Uvivb eÜ Kiv _vK‡Z cv‡i| †mwU mwµq Ki‡j
wmwWwU Pvjy n‡e Ges Avcwb BÝUjvi †`L‡Z cv‡eb| hw` Zv bv nq Z‡e Avcwb mivmwi wmwW WªvB‡f wmwWwUi AvBK‡b
Wvej wK¬K K‡i †mwU Pvjy Kiæb| GLvb †_‡K mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb weRq evqv‡bœv evQvB Kiæb| ZLb
BÝUjviwU Pvjy n‡e| Avcwb hw` mivmwi mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj Ki‡Z bv Pvb Z‡e B‡”Q Ki‡j MvBW ev Ab¨vb¨
mdUIq¨viI evQvB Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Avcwb mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ wK¬K Ki‡j Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU BÝUjv‡ii msjvc Ni Avm‡e| ILvb †_‡K
Avcwb weRq evqv‡bœv 2014 AckbwU evQvB Kiæb| Gici Avcwb GKvwaK msjvc N‡i jvB‡m‡Ý m¤§wZ cÖ`vb Kiæb Ges
GwU †Kv_vq BÝUj Ki‡eb Zv wPwýZ K‡i wb‡Ri Rb¨ ïay, bv mK‡ji Rb¨ BÝUj Ki‡Qb, †mwU wba©viY K‡i w`b| hw`
Avcwb †Kvb cwieZ©b bvI K‡ib ZeyI GwU wb‡R wWdë wn‡m‡e hv evQvB K‡i‡Q †mB Abymv‡i BÝUj n‡q hv‡e| Gevi
Kw¤úDUviwU wi÷vU© K‡i wbb| Gici Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU c`©vq cvmIqvW© w`‡Z ejv n‡e| Gevi Avcbvi wmwW e‡·i
Ici †_‡K cvmIqvW©wU UvBc Kiæb| Gici mdUIq¨viwU Pvjy n‡q hv‡e| Gevi Kw¤úDUviwU wi÷vU© Kiæb Ges weRq
evsjv mdUIq¨vi eënvi Ki‡Z _vKzb|
weRq GKvËi/†cÖv DB‡ÛvR BÝUj

weRq GKvËi evsjv mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kivi Dc‡hvMx GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii wmwW WªvB‡f Avcwb weRq mdUIq¨v‡ii
wWwfwWwU cÖ‡ek Kivb| GB mdUIq¨viwUi BÝUjvi Ggbfv‡e
cÖ¯Z
‘ Kiv hv‡Z wWwfwWwU Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_B
GwU ¯^qswµqfv‡e Pvjy nq| hw` ZvrÿwYKfv‡e †mwU Pvjy bv nq
Z‡e GKUz mgq A‡cÿv Kiæb| mPivPi ZLb BÝUjviwU Pvjy n‡q
hv‡e| hw` wKQzÿY A‡cÿvi ciI †mwU Pvjy bv nq Z‡e Avcbvi
Kw¤úDUv‡ii wWwfwWi A‡Uvivb eÜ Kiv _vK‡Z cv‡i| †mwU
mwµq Ki‡j wWwfwWwU Pvjy n‡e Ges Avcwb BÝUjvi †`L‡Z
cv‡eb| hw` Zv bv nq Z‡e Avcwb mivmwi
wmwW/wWwfwW WªvB‡f wWwfwWwUi AvBK‡b Wvej wK¬K K‡i †mwU Pvjy
Kiæb| Gici Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU c`©v Avm‡e †h c`©vwU‡Z
mdUIq¨vi eënviKvixi jvB‡mÝ †`qv _v‡K| GwU‡Z Avcwb †Kvb †Kvb k‡Z© GB mdUIq¨viwU eënvi Ki‡eb Zvi
15
weeiY †`qv _v‡K| GLv‡b Avcwb msjvc N‡ii G‡Kev‡i bx‡Pi Accept †evZv‡g wK¬K Kiæb| h‡ZvÿY Avcwb
GK‡mÞ †evZv‡g wK¬K bv Ki‡eb Z‡ZvÿY Avcwb Avi mvg‡b †h‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
Gici DB‡bWAvR G·wc n‡j Avcbvi .NET Framework 3.5 Bb÷j Kivi kZv©ejxmn GKwU c`v© Avm‡e|
Avcbv‡K GLv‡b Accept †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
jvB‡mÝ
GK‡mÞ Kivi
ci Avcbvi
mvg‡b
Windows
Installer Ges
.NET
Framework
Bb÷‡jk‡bi GKvwaK msjvc Ni Avm‡e|
Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i hw` Windows Installer
3.1 c~‡e© Bb÷j Kiv bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Windows
Installer 3.1 Bb÷‡jk‡bi ci Kw¤úDUvi
wi÷vU© Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| wi÷v‡U©i ci
Avcbvi mvg‡b Av‡iv wKQz msjvc Ni Avm‡e|
GLv‡b Avcbvi wKQz Kivi †bB| eis Gici Avcwb Ab¨ Av‡iKwU msjvc Ni Avmvi Rb¨ A‡cÿv Ki‡eb|
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, DB‡ÛvR wf¯Ív I †m‡f‡b weRq GKvËi BÝU‡jk‡bi mgq Windows
Installer Ges .NET Framework Bb÷‡jk‡bi msjvc Ni Avm‡e bv| Z‡e
DB‡ÛvR 8-Gi Rb¨ WU †bU BÝUj Kivi we‡kl eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e|Gi
Windows Installer Ges .NET Framework Bb÷‡jk‡bi ci Avcbvi mvg‡b weRq

GKz‡k 2012 Bb÷j Kivi msjvc Ni Avm‡e| GB msjvc N‡i Avcbvi wKQzB KiYxq
†bB| GLv‡b Avcwb †b·U †evZv‡g wK¬K Kivi ci Avcbvi mvg‡b Av‡iv GKwU msjvc Ni
Avm‡e| †mLvb †_‡K Avcwb †Kv_vq mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj Ki‡Z Pvb †mwU evQvB Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| Z‡e Avcwb evQvB bv K‡i wWdë †dvìviB †i‡L w`‡Z cv‡ib| Gevi Kw¤úDUviwU
wi÷vU© K‡i wbb| Gici Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU c`©vq cvmIqvW© w`‡Z ejv n‡e| Avcwb Gi
mv‡_ GKwU AvBwW bv¤^vi cv‡eb| †mB AvBwW bv¤^viwU Avcwb Avb›` Kw¤úDUv‡m© cvwV‡q w`b Ges cvmIqvW© msMÖn
Kiæb| Gevi †mB cvmIqvW©wU cvmIqvW© e‡· UvBc Kiæb| Gici mdUIq¨viwU Pvjy n‡q hv‡e| Gevi weRq evsjv
mdUIq¨vi eënvi Ki‡Z _vKzb|
weRq GKz‡k DB‡ÛvR Bb÷j:

GB mdUIq¨viwU †KejgvÎ cÖvwZôvwbK Kv‡R eënvi Kivi Rb¨| G‡Z †Kvb cvmIqvW© ìKvi nqbv| GwU BÝUj Kivi
Rb¨ Avcwb Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii wmwW/wWwfwW WªvB‡f
mdUIq¨vi wmwW/wWwfwWwU cÖ‡ek Kivb| GB mdUIq¨viwUi
BÝUjvi Ggbfv‡e cÖ¯Z ‘ Kiv hv‡Z wmwW/wWwfwWwU Kw¤úDUv‡i
cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_B GwU ¯^qswµqfv‡e Pvjy nq| hw`
ZvrÿwYKfv‡e †mwU Pvjy bv nq Z‡e GKUz mgq A‡cÿv Kiæb|
mPivPi ZLb BÝUjviwU Pvjy n‡q hv‡e| hw` A‡cÿvi ciI
†mwU Pvjy bv nq Z‡e Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii A‡UvivY eÜ Kiv
_vK‡Z cv‡i| Avcwb mivmwi wmwW/wWwfwW WªvB‡f
wmwW/wWwfwWi AvBK‡b Wvej wK¬K K‡i †mwU Pvjy Kiæb| GLvb
†_‡K mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb weRq GKz‡k evQvB
Kiæb| B‡”Q Ki‡j MvBW ev Ab¨vb¨ mdUIq¨viI evQvB Ki‡Z
cv‡ib|
16
weRq GKz‡k BÝU‡jk‡bi Rb¨ weRq GKz‡k †evZv‡g wK¬K Kiæb| Gici Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU c`©v Avm‡e †h c`©vwU‡Z
mdUIq¨vi eënviKvixi jvB‡mÝ †`qv _v‡K| GwU‡Z Avcwb †Kvb †Kvb k‡Z© GB
mdUIq¨viwU eënvi Ki‡eb Zvi weeiY †`qv _v‡K| GLv‡b Avcwb msjvc N‡ii
G‡Kev‡i bx‡Pi Accept †evZv‡g wK¬K Kiæb| h‡ZvÿY Avcwb GK‡mÞ †evZv‡g wK¬K
bv Ki‡eb Z‡ZvÿY Avcwb Avi mvg‡b †h‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
Gici Avcbvi Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g
DB‡ÛvR G·wc n‡j Avcbvi mvg‡b
.NET Framework 3.5 Bb÷j
Kivi kZv©ejxmn GKwU c`v© Avm‡e|
Avcbv‡K GLv‡b Accept †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
jvB‡mÝ GK‡mÞ Kivi ci Avcbvi mvg‡b Windows Installer
Ges .NET Framework Bb÷‡jk‡bi GKvwaK msjvc Ni Avm‡e|
Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i hw` Windows Installer 3.1 c~‡e© Bb÷j Kiv
bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Windows Installer 3.1 Bb÷‡jk‡bi ci
Kw¤úDUvi wi÷vU© Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| wi÷v‡U©i ci Avcbvi
mvg‡b Av‡iv wKQz msjvc Ni Avm‡e| GLv‡b Avcbvi wKQz Kivi †bB|
eis Gici Avcwb Ab¨ Av‡iKwU msjvc Ni Avmvi Rb¨ A‡cÿv Ki‡eb|
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, DB‡ÛvR wf¯Ív I †m‡f‡b weRq GKz‡k BÝU‡jk‡bi mgq Windows Installer Ges .NET
Framework Bb÷‡jk‡bi msjvc Ni Avm‡e bv| Gi
Windows Installer Ges .NET Framework

Bb÷‡jk‡bi ci Avcbvi mvg‡b weRq GKz‡k Bb÷j Kivi
msjvc Ni Avm‡e| GB msjvc N‡i Avcbvi wKQzB KiYxq
†bB| GLv‡b Avcwb †b·U †evZv‡g wK¬K Kivi ci Avcbvi
mvg‡b Av‡iv GKwU msjvc Ni Avm‡e| †mLvb †_‡K Avcwb
†Kv_vq mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj Ki‡Z Pvb †mwU evQvB Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| Z‡e Avcwb evQvB bv K‡i wWdë †dvìviB †i‡L
w`‡Z cv‡ib|
Gici Avcbvi mvg‡b Av‡iv GKwU c`©v Avm‡e|
†mB c`©vwU‡Z Avcwb jvB‡mÝ Pzw³wU ¯^xKvi Kivi Rb¨ I
Agree Gi †PK e‡· wK¬K K‡i †b·U †evZv‡g wK¬K Kiæb|
Avcwb hw` Pvb Z‡e ¯Œj K‡i Pzw³wUi cy‡ivUv †`L‡Z cv‡ib|
G‡Z mdUIq¨vi eënvi Kivi mvaviY kZ©vejx †`qv Av‡Q|
GLv‡b †b·U †evZv‡g wK¬K Kivi ci Kw¤úDUv‡ii c`v©q Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i weRq GKz‡k Bb÷‡jk‡bi Rb¨ ˆZix Ggb
GKwU msjvc Ni Avm‡e | GLv‡b Avcwb †b·U †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡jB Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwUi ci GKwU c`©v Avm‡Z
_vK‡e| Avcwb †mLv‡b wKQzB Ki‡eb bv| Bb÷‡jkb m¤úbœ bv nIqv ch©šÍ A‡cÿv Kiæb| weRq GKz‡k Bb÷‡jkb
m¤úbœ nIqvi ci Avcbvi mvg‡b †h msjvc NiwU Avm‡e †mLv‡b Close †evZv‡g wK¬K Kiæb| Gevi Avcbvi Kw¤úDUvi
wi÷v©U Kiæb|
weRq B›Uvi‡bU DB‡ÛvR BÝUj Kiv

weRq B›Uvi‡bU ms¯‹iY WvDb‡jvW K‡i BÝUjv‡i wK¬K K‡i mivmwi BÝUj K‡i wbb|
weRq KbfvU©vi BÝUj Kiv

Avcwb hLb weRq evqv‡bœv, weRq GKz‡k I DB‡ÛvR-Gi weRq GKvËi BÝUj Ki‡eb ZLb weRq KbfvU©vi Gi mv‡_ BÝUj
n‡q hv‡e| g‡b ivL‡eb †KejgvÎ weRq GKvË‡iB mKj KbfvU©vi i‡q‡Q|
17
†gwK‡›Uvm Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ weRq GKvËi:
†gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨ weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kivi Av‡M wbwðZ n‡eb †h, G‡Z g¨vK I.Gm 10 BÝUj
Kiv Av‡Q wKbv| Avgv‡ì mdUIq¨vi wmwW †_‡K I‡cb Awdm mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib| Avgiv jÿ¨
K‡iwQ †h †gwK‡›Uv‡mi Iqv‡i&W evsjv
wjL‡Z wKQz Amyweav nq| †hgb ›` ev
›U wjL‡j `ywU Aÿ‡ii gv‡S A‡bK
dvK †`Lv hvq| wKš‘ I‡cb Awd‡m
†ZgbUv nqbv|
Gevi Avcwb weRq evsjv mdUIq¨v‡ii
wmwWwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii wWwfwW WªvB‡f
cÖ‡ek Kiv‡eb| Gici Avcwb wmwWwU
I‡cb Ki‡eb| †mLvb †_‡K
Bijoy.jar dvBjwU Pvjy Ki‡eb|
ZLb Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU c`©v
Avm‡e| Zv‡Z Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU
AvBwW bv¤^vi Avm‡e| Avcwb GB
AvBwW bv¤^viwU Avb›` Kw¤úDUv‡m© cÖ`vb K‡i GKwU cvmIqvW© †b‡eb Ges cvmIqvW© cvevi ci †mwU cvmIqv‡W©i e‡·
UvBc Ki‡eb I †fwidvB Ki‡eb|
Gi d‡j Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i d›Umn weRq
GKvËi g¨vK BÝUj n‡q hv‡e| Gevi
Kw¤úDUviwU wi÷vU© Kiæb| Kw¤úDUviwU Pvjy
n‡j application>System
Preferences>Languages &
Text>Input Source G hv‡eb Ges 3wU
Ackb Bijoy Classic, Bijoy Ekattor,
Bijoy Unicode wm‡j± Ki‡eb| †gwK‡›Uvm
Kw¤úDUv‡i †Kej weRq Kx‡evW© i‡q‡Q|
Kx‡evW© †gby †_‡K Avcwb K¬vwmK, GKvËi ev
BDwb‡KvW Ges mswkøó d›U evQvB K‡i weRq
Kx‡evW© w`‡q evsjv wjL‡eb|
weRq wjbv·
wjbv‡·i Rb¨ weRq BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi c×wZ AbymiY Kiæb|
Avcbvi wjbv· †W¯‹U‡c GB dvBj¸‡jv Kwc Kiæb| 'bn-bijoyClassic.mim' , 'bn-bijoyClassic.png' ,'bn-
bijoyUnicode.mim' and 'bn-bijoyUnicode.png'in your Ubuntu Desktop.
Gici GB wVKvbvq hvb Applications >> Accessories >> Terminal
wb‡Pi KgvÛ¸‡jv UvBc Kiæb
sudo chmod 777 /usr/share/m17n/
sudo chmod 777 /usr/share/m17n/icons/
cd ~/Desktop/
mv bn-bijoy.mim /usr/share/m17n/bn-bijoyClassic.mim
mv bn-bijoy.png /usr/share/m17n/icons/bn-bijoyClassic.png
mv bn-bijoy.mim /usr/share/m17n/bn-bijoyUnicode.mim
mv bn-bijoy.png /usr/share/m17n/icons/bn-bijoyUnicode.png
sudo chmod 777 /var/lib/dpkg/info/m17n-db.list
gedit /var/lib/dpkg/info/m17n-db.list
GB dvBjwUi †k‡l wb‡Pi jvBb¸‡jv Kwc Kiæb:
18
Copy the following lines at the end of this file:
/usr/share/m17n/icons/bn-bijoyClassic.png
/usr/share/m17n/bn-bijoyClassic.mim
/usr/share/m17n/icons/bn-bijoyUnicode.png
/usr/share/m17n/bn-bijoyUnicode.mim
dvBjwU eÜ Kiæb| wb‡Pi KgvÛwU UvBc K‡i Uvwg©bvj eÜ Kiæb|
System >> Preferences >> Startup Applications
GB †mU Avc G wM‡q Add †evZv‡g wK¬K eKiæb
wb‡Ui Z_¨¸‡jv w`‡q k~Y¨ RvqMv¸‡jv c~iY Kiæb|
Name: IBus Daemon
Command: /usr/bin/ibus-daemon -d
Comment: Start IBus daemon when Gnome starts
Gevvi Kw¤úDUvi Pvjy Kiæb| Gevi wb‡Pi †mUAv‡c hvb
System >> Preferences >> IBus Preferences
Input Method-G wK¬K Kiæb
Gici wK¬K Ki‡yb Select an input method
Gevi GB †mU Av‡c hvb; Bengali >> bijoyClassic (m17n),bijoyUnicode (m17n)
Gevi Add †evZv‡g wK¬K Kiæb| Gevi DB‡Ûv eÜ Kiæb
Gevi weRq Kx‡evW© cwiÿv Kiæb Gfv‡e;
Applications >> Office >> OpenOffice.org Word Processor
weRq Kx‡evW© mwµq Kiæb Gfv‡e| Gici †h Kx‡evW© eënvi Ki‡Z Pvb †mwU eënvi Kiæb| †hgb weRq AvmwK ev weRq
BDwb‡KvW
Press Ctrl+Space and then Alt+Shift
weRq GÛª‡qW
Gfv‡e GÛª‡qW-Gi Rb¨ weRq BÝUj Kiæb
1. "BijoyForAndroid.apk" dvBjwU BÝUj Kiæb|
2. Gevi "Settings -> Language & Input evQvB K‡i weRq Kx‡evW© †e‡Q wbb|
3. Gevi Bijoy Keyboard settings -> keyboard Layout Ges evQvB Kiæb Bangla(Bijoy)
weRq UvBc wUDUi, K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi I K¬vwmK Awfavb BÝUj

weRq -Gi mv‡_ Avcwb Avjv`v mdUIq¨vi wn‡m‡e weRq UvBc wUDUi BÝUj Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GB mdUIq¨viwU eënvi
K‡i Avcwb †Kgb K‡i evsjv UvBc Ki‡eb
†mwU wkL‡Z cv‡ib| GRb¨ Avcwb UvBc
wUDUi †dvìvi †_‡K †mwU BÝUj Kiæb| weRq
UvBc wUDUi BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb weRq Gi
wmwW/ wWwfwW †_‡K weRq UvBc wUDUi †dvìvi
†ei Kiæb| Gici GB G¨vwcø‡KkbwUi
†mUAvc BG·B‡Z wK¬K Kiæb| Gi d‡j †mU
AvcwU Pvjy n‡e| cÖ_‡g Avcbvi mvg‡b †h c`©v
Avm‡e Zv‡Z †b·U wK¬K Ki‡j jvB‡mÝ
msµvšÍ Av‡iv GKwU c`©v Avm‡e| †mwU‡Z
GK‡mÞ †evZv‡g wK¬K Kiæb| Gici UvBc
wUDUi BÝUj n‡e Ges Avcwb †mwU eënvi
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GRb¨ Avcbv‡K †cÖvMÖvgm †gby
†_‡K Avb›` Kw¤úDUvm© †dvìvi evQvB Ki‡Z
n‡e Ges †mLvb †_‡K UvBc dv÷© evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e|
19
Avcwb hw` weRq-Gi K¬vwmK Awfavb eënvi Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e †mwUI Avjv`vfv‡e BÝUj Ki‡eb| Avcbvi mdUIq¨vi
wmwW‡Z GB mdUIq¨viwU Avjv`vfv‡e †`qv Av‡Q|
weRq K¬vwmK Awfavb BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb weRq -Gi GKz‡k/GKvËi wmwW/wWwfwW †_‡K weRq K¬vwmK Awfavb
†dvìviwU †ei Kiæb| Gici GB G¨vwcø‡KkbwUi †mUAvc BG·B‡Z wK¬K Kiæb| Gi d‡j †mU AvcwU Pvjy n‡e| cÖ_‡g
†h c`©v Avm‡e Zv‡Z †b·U wK¬K Ki‡j jvB‡mÝ msµvšÍ Av‡iv GKwU c`©v Avm‡e| †mwU‡Z GK‡mÞ †evZv‡g wK¬K
Kiæb| Gici K¬vwmK Awfavb BÝUj n‡e Ges Avcwb †mwU eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GRb¨ Avcbv‡K †cÖvMÖvgm †gby
†_‡K K¬vwmK Awfavb evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e|
weRq AvbBÝUj/ wi‡gvf

weRq Ges Gi mv‡_ RwoZ mdUIq¨vi¸‡jv AvbBÝUj Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb †cÖvMÖvgm †gby †_‡K weRq evQvB Kiæb| †mLvb
†_‡K AvbBÝUj evQvB Kiæb| G‡Z Avcbvi weRq mdUIq¨vi AvbBÝUj n‡e| GQvov K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj †_‡K G¨vW
wi‡gvf †cÖvMÖvgm evQvB K‡i †mLvb †_‡K weRq AvbBÝUj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GLvb †_‡K Avcwb weRq UvBc wUDUi, weRq
K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi, weRq K¬vwmK Awfavb BZ¨vw` mdUIq¨vi wi‡gvf/Avb BÝUj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e GB mdUIq¨v‡ii
d›Um¸‡jv d›Um †dvìv‡i †_‡KB hv‡e| Avcbv‡K H †dvìvi †_‡K wb‡R evQvB K‡i d›Um¸‡jv wWwjU Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avcwb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g-Gi mvP© KgvÛ w`‡q d›Um¸‡jv Gg‡R/IGg‡R, GKvËiGg‡R BZ¨vw` wn‡m‡e GKwÎZ K‡i
wWwjU Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avgvi wb‡Ri Kv‡Q c‡ii c×wZwU mnRZi g‡b n‡q‡Q|
20
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq: weRq eënvi
Avcwb hw` weRq Gi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡q _v‡Kb Z‡e weRq Gi K¬vwmK AckbwU eënvi Kivi Rb¨ †Zgb Avjv`v wKQz
Ki‡ZB n‡ebv| weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi BÝUj nevi ci Avcbvi mvg‡b ÷vU© Avc ¯Œxb Avmvi ciB GKwU †gby evi
Avm‡e| GB †gbyeviwU‡Z evsjv weRq evqv‡bœv/GKz‡k/GKvËi †jLv _vK‡e| Kw¤úDUvi Ab Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ GwU
Bs‡iRx‡Z wWdë _vK‡e|
* Avcwb hw` weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi eënvi K‡i evsjv UvBc Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e gvB‡µvmdU IqvW©, I‡cb Awdm ev
Kw¤úDUv‡i †jLv hvq Ggb †Kvb Gwcø‡Kkb I‡cb Kiæb| Avcwb Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡RI weRq eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| MÖvwd·
(†hgb d‡Uvkc, Bjvm‡UªUi wmGm, †cR †gK Avc (†hgb BbwWRvBb wmGm, wfwWI GwWwUs (†hgb wcÖwgqvi †cÖv),
WvUv‡eR (†hgb GK‡mm, GmwKDGj, IivKj), B-†gBj Ges B›Uvi‡bU BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î weRq eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Avcwb wbgœiƒ‡c weRq-Gi wewfbœ Ackb evQvB Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Kx‡evW©/ Ack‡bi bvg Kx‡evW© KgvÛ d›U Gi †klvÿi d›U
K¬vwmK †gv‡W weRq Kx‡evW© eënvi Kivi Rb¨ ctrl+alt+b MJ SutonnyMJ
BDwb‡KvW 5.2 †gv‡W weRq Kx‡evW© eënvi ctrl+alt+v OMJ SutonnyOMJ
BDwb‡KvW ÷¨vÛvW© †gv‡W weRq ÷¨vÛvW Kx‡evW© eënvi ctrl+alt+o OMJ SutonnyOMJ
GKvËi Gb‡KvwWs-G weRq Kx‡evW© eënvi ctrl+alt+e MJ SutonnyMJ
¯§iY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb †h, GLv‡b †hme KgvÛ †`qv Av‡Q †m¸‡jv cwieZ©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Gevi Avcbvi mvg‡b †jLv‡jwLi Rb¨ A‡bK¸‡jv c_ †Lvjv _vK‡e| Gi mv‡_ _vK‡e WvUv KbfvU© Kivi KbfvU©vi Ges
Awfavb eënvi Kivi my‡hvM|
weRq Gi K¬vwmK †gvW me‡P‡q †ewk eëüZ nq| K¬vwmK †gvW gv‡b n‡”Q Kw¤úDUv‡ii AvmwK †KvW eënvi K‡i Avgiv
1988 mv‡j †h evsjv fvlv cÖPjb K‡iwQjvg Zvi HwZnëvnx aviv| 1993 mv‡j Avgiv weRq-Gi †h DB‡ÛvR ms¯‹iYwU
cÖKvk Kwi Zvi cwigvwR©Z Gb‡KvwWs n‡jv weRq K¬vwmK-Gi| GB †gv‡W KvR Kivi Rb¨ Kx‡evW© w`‡q Ctrl+Alt+b
UvBc Kiæb|
Gevi SutonnyMJ ev bv‡gi †k‡l MJ Av‡Q Ggb Ab¨ †Kvb d›U evQvB Kiæb|
* Gevi weRq Kx‡evW© Abymv‡i UvBc Kiæb| Avcwb evRv‡i weRq Kx‡evW© †jAvDU gyw`ªZ Kx‡evW© cv‡eb| Z‡e weRq
Kx‡evW© †jAvDU gyw`ªZ bq, Ggb Ab¨vb¨ Kx‡evW© w`‡qI Avcwb weRq ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kx†evW© †jAvDU Abymv‡i evsjv
wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
* evsjv †jLv ïiæ Kivi ci Avcwb hw` Avevi weRq Kx‡evW© Abymv‡i evsjv UvBc Kivi cvkvcvwk Bs‡iRx UvBc Ki‡Z
Pvb Z‡e Avevi Ctrl+Alt+b UvBc Kiæb Ges bv‡gi †k‡l Gg‡R †bB, Ggb (Bs‡iRx) d›U evQvB Kiæb|
Avcwb hw` BDwb‡KvW c×wZ‡Z UvBc Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e Ctrl+Alt+v UvBc Kiæb| BDwb‡KvW Ackb eënvi Kivi Rb¨
bv‡gi †k‡l OMJ Av‡Q Ggb d›U evQvB Kiæb| Avcwb Ctrl+Alt+o UvBc K‡i SutonnyOMJ d›U w`‡q BDS
1520:2011 gv‡b BDwb‡KvW wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
weRq -Gi evqv‡bœv, GKz‡k Ges GKvËi ms¯‹i‡Y K¬vwmK Ges BDwb‡KvW Dfq c×wZ
eënvi Kiv hvq| Z‡e GKvËi c×wZ †KejvgÎ weRq GKvËi G cvIqv hvq|
gywy bi Kx‡evW©: weRq GKz‡k Ges weRq GKvËi -Gi K¬vwmK †gv‡W Avcwb gybxi Kx‡evW©
eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GRb¨ Avcbv‡K Ctrl+Alt+m UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e| gybxi
Kx‡evW© eënvi Kivi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K SutonnyMJ ev bv‡gi †k‡l MJ Av‡Q Ggb
Ab¨ †Kvb d›U evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e|
weRq Kx‡evW© w`‡q hy³vÿi ˆZix Ki‡Z Bs‡iRx wR Ges gybxi Kx‡evW© w`‡q hy³vÿi
ˆZix Ki‡Z \ (e¨vK ¯øvk) eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| gybxi Kx‡evW© †hfv‡e UvBcivBUv‡i
eëüZ nq †mwUI Avcwb eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
21
Kx‡evW© KgvÛ cwieZ©b
weRq GKz‡k/GKvËi Gi GKwU Abb¨ êwkó¨ n‡jv †h, GB ms¯‹iYwU‡Z Kx‡evW© KgvÛ B‡”Qg‡Zv cwieZ©b Kiv hvq|
Avcwb weRq-evi Gi Bs‡iRx I †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡j †mwUsm bv‡g GKwU Ackb cv‡eb| GB †mwUsmwU evQvB Kiv n‡j
Avcwb GKwU msjvc Ni cv‡eb| GB msjvc N‡i we`¨gvb Kx‡evW©-KgvÛ¸‡jv †`qv _vK‡e| Avcwb jÿ¨ Ki‡eb †h,
G‡Z wZbwU mvwi Av‡Q| GKwU‡Z wmwUAviGj, c‡iiwU‡Z GGjwU Ges Zvi c‡iiwU‡Z wkdU †jLv Av‡Q| Avgiv mKj
Kx‡evW© KgvÛ‡KB wmwUAviGj Ges GGjwU mn‡hv‡M ˆZix K‡iwQ| Avcwb B‡”Q Ki‡j GB wZbwUi †h‡Kvb Kw¤^‡bkb
eënvi K‡i Kx‡evW© KgvÛ ˆZix Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Ab¨w`‡K e‡Y©i N‡i we`¨gvb eY© cvëv‡Z cvi‡eb Ges eY© ev KgvÛ
evQvB Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
weRq KbfvU©vi eënvi

g‡b Kwi‡q w`w”Q †h, GB mdUIq¨v‡ii mv‡_ ¯^qswµqfv‡e KbfvU©vi BÝUj n‡e| Gi d‡j Avcwb gvB‡µvmdU IqvW©
2003 G GKwU bZzb †gby †hvM n‡e hvi bvg n‡e weRq | IqvW© 2007-Gi GW Bbm †gby‡Z GwU cvIqv hv‡e| †mLv‡b
wK¬K Ki‡j Avcwb KbfvU©vi¸‡jv cv‡eb|
WKz‡g›U KbfvU© Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb Iqv‡W©
(2003 ev 2007) †mB WKz‡g›UwU Lyj‡eb| H
mg‡q Ab¨ †Kvb IqvW© WKz‡g›U Lyj‡ebbv ev
†Lvjv ivL‡eb bv| Gici Avcwb †gby †_‡K
Avcbvi cQ›`g‡Zv KbfvU©viwU evQvB Ki‡eb|
jÿ¨ Ki‡eb, KgvÛ †èvi ci gyn‚‡Z©i gv‡SB
Avcwb Acv‡ikb KgwcøU bv‡gi GKwU msjvc
Ni cv‡eb| Gi A_© `vov‡e †h KbfvU©vi
Avcbvi WKz‡g›U KbfvU© K‡i †d‡j‡Q| GKUz
eo WKz‡g›U n‡j mgq GKUz †ekx jvM‡Z
cv‡i| Gevi Avcwb †mB msjvc N‡i I‡K
Ki‡jB Avcbvi mvg‡b KbfvU© Kiv WKz‡g›UwU
cÖKvwkZ n‡e|
BDwb‡KvW Kv÷g ILv‡b wWdë wn‡m‡e _v‡K|
†mwU BDwb‡KvW gvb †_‡K wfbœ| i¨ Gi Rb¨
ILv‡b GKwU wfbœ †KvW eënvi Kiv|
weRq Ges BDwb‡KvW-Gi dvBj KbfvU©

evsjv WvUv KbfvU© Kivi mgq GKwU welq Avcbvi Rb¨ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡Z cv‡i †h, †Kvb mg‡q BDwb‡KvW Ges weRq-
Gi †Kvb WKz‡g›U‡K wKfv‡e KbfvU© Kiv n‡e| weRq-Gi cyiv‡bv dvBj †_‡K K¬vwmK Ges K¬vwmK †_‡K BDwb‡KvW ev
BDwb‡KvW †_‡K K¬vwmK †gv‡W KbfvU© Kiv n‡e wKbv Ges Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb KbfvU©vi eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e †mwU †evSvi
cÖ‡qRb n‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv bx‡P GB wel‡q GKUz we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv KiwQ|
22
cÖ_gZ Avcwb hw` weRq Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb evsjv mdUIq¨vi †hgb cÖwkKv, cÖeZ©b,
bKwk BZ¨vw` †_‡K WvUv weRq K¬vwmK-G Avb‡Z Pvb Z‡e mivmwi Avgv‡ì mswkøó
KbfvU©vi evQvB Kiæb| Hme mdUIq¨v‡ii dvBjwU Lyjyb Ges mswkøó KbfvU©vi
KgvÛ w`b| fv‡jv nq hw` Avcwb H mdUIq¨v‡ii d›U BÝUj K‡i †bb| Gi
d‡j Avcwb ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB KbfvU© Kiv QvovB H mdUIq¨v‡ii dvBj co‡Z
cvi‡eb| Gici weRq K¬vwm‡K dvBj KbfvU© n‡j †mwU Avcwb Iqv‡W© co‡Z
cvi‡eb|
wØZxqZ weRq-Gi cyiv‡bv dvBj †hgb 3.0 Ges 4.0 GKB †KvW eënvi Ki‡jI
3.0 eënvi K‡i †cv÷w¯ŒÞ d›U Ges 4.0 eënvi K‡i UªyUvBc d›U| GKB
†KvW nIqv ¯^‡Ë¡I GB `yB ai‡bi dvBj KbfvU© Kivi Rb¨ Avjv`v KbfvU©vi
eënvi Ki‡Z nq| weRq KbfvU©vi, weRq 4.0/†jLbxi dvBj KbfvU© Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3.0 Gi dvBj KbfvU© Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb weRq K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi eënvi Kiæb|
GwU wbY©q Kiv GKwU weivU Sv‡gjv| Z‡e †mŠfv‡Mï welq †h †Zgb cyiv‡bv
dvBj GLb cÖvq †Lv‡RB cvIqv hvqbv| hw` †ZgbwU nq Z‡e weRq-Gi K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi eënvi Kiæb| weRq-Gi K¬vwmK
KbfvU©v‡i Ggb Avjv`v KbfvU©vi i‡q‡Q| GKwU †cv÷w¯ŒÞ d‡›Ui Rb¨ Ges Ab¨wU UªyUvBc d‡›Ui Rb¨| Ab¨w`‡K
†jLbx 5.0 Ges weRq ev †jLbxi †KvW GK bq| weRq 4.0 (UªyUvBc) Gi mv‡_ †jLbxi cyiv‡bv dvBj (5.0) bq GKB
†KvW eënvi K‡i|
wKš‘ Avcwb GLb m¤¢eZ me‡P‡q †ekx mgm¨vq co‡eb weRq 99/2000, 2001 Ges 2003/2004 dvBj‡K weRq
K¬vwm‡K iƒcvšÍi Kiv wb‡q| Avgiv jÿ¨ K‡iwQ †h, GwU cyiv‡bv weRq-Gi d›U †_‡K †Pbv hvqbv| weRq Gi bZzb d›U
eënvi Ki‡j Avcwb GwU †ek mn‡RB wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| KviY weRq -Gi bZzb d‡›U cyiv‡bv eY©¸‡jv e`‡j hvq|
Avcwb nq‡Zv †`L‡eb †h šÍ, ÿ, jø BZ¨vw` Ab¨ eY© n‡q †M‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K weRq GKz‡k KbfvU©v‡i †h‡nZz `ywU KbfvU©vi
Av‡Q †m‡nZz Avcwb GB `ywU KbfvU©vi eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| weRq 99/2000/2001 †_‡K K¬vwm‡K KbfvU© Kivi Rb¨
†jLbx †_‡K weRq K¬vwmK KbfvU©viwU eëüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
Ab¨w`‡K weRq 2003 †_‡K weRq K¬vwmK G KbfvU© Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb weRq 2003 †_‡K weRq K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi eënvi
Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Avcwb hw` weRq/†jLbxi †Kvb cyiv‡bv
dvBj BDwb‡Kv‡W iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z Pvb ev
cÖwkKv, cÖeZ©b, bKwki †Kvb dvBj
BDwb‡Kv‡W iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e
Avcwb cÖ_‡g †mBme WvUv‡K weRq K¬vwmK
WvUvq iƒcvšÍi Kiæb| Gici BDwb‡KvW
KbfvU©vi w`‡q †mBme WvUv‡K BDwb‡KvW
WvUvq iƒcvšÍi Kiæb| g‡b ivL‡eb,
Avgv‡ì BDwb‡KvW KbfvU©vi K¬vwmK
WvUv‡K BDwb‡KvW ÷¨vÛvW© Ges
BDwb‡KvW Kv÷gvBRW GB `ywU Ack‡b
iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq| Avcwb hLb weRq
K¬vwmK †_‡K BDwb‡KvW KbfvU©vi eënvi Ki‡eb ZLb Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU msjvc Ni Avm‡e hv‡Z Avcbv‡K wVK
Ki‡Z n‡e †h Avcwb †Kvb Ack‡b WvUv KbfvU©
Ki‡Z Pvb|
BDwb‡KvW †_‡K K¬vwmK Kbf©vU Kiv
ÔStart MenuÕ †_‡K ÔAll ProgramÕ G
Click Kiæb| Zvici ÔUnicode to Classic
ConverterÕ evQvB Kiæb| Click Kivi ci
Convert ÔUnicode to ClassicÕ bv‡g
GKwU Window Avm‡e| Select File
Button G Click Kiæb| Click Kivi ci †h
23
Window wU Avm‡e †mLvb †_‡K Browse K‡i Avcbvi wba©vwiZ Unicode Gi Document File wU evQvB Kiæb|
Zvici Open Button G Click Kivi ci Avcbvi Unicode file wU Classic G Convert nIqv ïiæ Ki‡e|
Classic G Convert nIqv Document File wU Microsoft Word G Dc¯’vwcZ n‡e| Gevi Avcbvi
Document file wU Save Kiæb|
Save †`qvi Rb¨ File Manu †_‡K Save as G Click Kiæb| †h Window wU Avm‡e Zvi wb‡Pi w`‡K Save as
type †_‡K Word Document (*.doc) evQvB Kiæb| File Name G Avcbvi B”QvgZ GKwU bvg w`b| Zvici
Save Button G Click Kiæb|
weRq K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi-Gi eënvi

Avcwb hw` weRq K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi eënvi Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e cÖ_‡gB †h dvBj KbfvU© Ki‡eb Zv‡K †U·U (.txt ) digv‡U
†mf GR K‡i bv‡gi mv‡_ .txt †hvM Kiæb| Zv bv n‡j Avcbvi †mf GR
Kiv dvBjwU‡K KbfvU©vi bvI wPb‡Z cv‡i| †gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K hw`
Avcwb †Kvb dvBj KbfvU© Kivi Rb¨ Av‡bb Z‡e †mB WKz‡g›UwU‡K Aek¨B
†U·U digv‡U †mf GR K‡i †mwU Ly‡j †`L‡eb †h Zvi gv‡S WvUv (ZLb
Gjv‡g‡jv †`Lv‡e) Av‡Q wKbv| K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi eënvi Ki‡Z n‡j
DB‡Ûv‡Ri dvBjI †U·U digv‡U †mf GR Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici Avcbvi
mvg‡b GKwU msjvc Ni Avm‡e| Gici †cÖvMÖvgm †gby †_‡K †_‡K weRq evQvB
K‡i †mLvb †_‡K K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi evQvB Kiæb| †mLvb †_‡K Ò†Kvb dvBj
KbfvU© Ki‡ebÓ †mB †evZvgwU evQvB Kiæb| Gevi Avcbvi mvg‡b Av‡iv
GKwU msjvc Ni Avm‡e| GB msjvc N‡i i‡q‡Q †gvU 8wU KbfvU©vi| Z‡e
weRq Gi mv‡_ KbfvU©vi hy³ nevi d‡j GB KbfvU©vwiU eënvi Kivi
†hŠw³KZv A‡bKUvB K‡g †M‡Q| †hgb cÖwkKv †_‡K weRq, bKwk †_‡K weRq,
cÖeZ©b †_‡K weRq, †jLbx/weRq 4.0 †_‡K weRq ev weRq 2003 †_‡K weRq
K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi GLb BDwb‡KvW KbfvU©v‡ii mv‡_B †`qv n‡q‡Q| BDwb‡KvW KbfvU©vi Lye mnRfv‡e WKz‡g›U‡K
Iqv‡W©i dvBj wnm‡e †i‡LB KbfvU© K‡i| Gi d‡j WKz‡g‡›Ui IqvW© digvwUs bó nqbv| wKš‘ K¬vwmK KbfvU©v‡ii
me‡P‡q eo Amyweav n‡jv †h GwU IqvW© dvBj‡K digvU †i‡L KbfvU© Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| GgZve¯’vq Gi digvwUs bó n‡q
hvq| Z‡e †h‡nZz g¨vK I.Gm 9 †_‡K wcwm KbfvU©viwU Ab¨ †Kv_vI †bB †m‡nZz †mwUi Rb¨ GB KbfvU©viwU eënvi
Kiv hvq| GBme KbfvU©v‡ii gv‡S Avcwb †h KbfvU©viwU eënvi Ki‡eb Zvi evg cv‡ki e‡· wK¬K Kiæb| ZLb
Avcbvi mvg‡b dvBj evQvB Kivi Ackb Avm‡e| Gevi dvBjwU evQvB Kiæb| gyn‚‡Z©i gv‡SB Avcbvi dvBjwU KbfvU©
n‡q hv‡e|
weRq Gi evbvb ïw×KiY

Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv †jLv‡jwLi mgq evbvb ï× KivUv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| Bs‡iRx‡Z evbvb ï× Kivi cvkvcvwk
e¨vKiY cixÿv Kivi my‡hvMI cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ evsjvq GB welqwU †Zgbfv‡e Av‡M ev‡owb| Avgiv GRb¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i
hviv evsjv †jLv‡jwL K‡ib Zv‡ì‡K mZK© Ki‡Z cvwi †h G ai‡bi Awfavb ev †¯új‡PKv‡ii Dci cy‡ivcywi wbf©i
Kivi mgq GL‡bv nqwb| Avgv‡ì‡K GB †ÿ‡Î m¤¢eZ A‡bK †ekx KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Avgiv G‡Kev‡i wKQzB
Kwiwb †mwU bq| weRq Gi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì evbvb ï× Kivi mdUIq¨vi i‡q‡Q| weRq K¬vwmK Awfavb weRq-Gi K¬vwmK
†KvW Gi mv‡_ KvR K‡i| GwU Avjv`vfv‡e BÝUj Kivi ci †cÖvMÖvgm †gby †_‡K I‡cb K‡i K¬vwmK WKz‡g‡›U eënvi
Ki‡Z n‡e|
24
Gici †cÖvMÖvgm †gbyi weRq †dvìvi †_‡K †¯új †PKviwU Lyjyb| Gevi Avcwb Avcbvi mvg‡b †h msjvc NiwU †c‡jb
†mLvb †_‡K Òkã †LvRÓ KgvÛ w`b| Gici †¯új‡PKviwU Avcbv‡K fzj kã Ges Zvi mv‡Rkb cÖ`vb Ki‡e| Avcwb
†mB mg‡q kãwU‡K fzj g‡b Ki‡j Zv e`jv‡bv KgvÛ w`‡q e`jv‡Z cv‡ib| Gici Avcwb c‡ii kã †LvR‡Z cv‡ib|
Avcwb B‡”Q Ki‡j Awfav‡b bZzb kã †hvMI Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
weRq UvBc wUDUi eënvi

Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv UvBc Ki‡Z Rvbvi KvRUv‡K Ab‡KB LyeB KwVb e‡j g‡b K‡ib| GB KwVb KvRwU‡K mnR Kivi
Rb¨ Ges Lye mn‡RB evsjv UvBc Ki‡Z †kLvi Rb¨ Avgiv GKwU UvBwcs †gLvi mdUIq¨vi ˆZix K‡iwQ| weRq UvBc
wUDUi bv‡gi GB mdUIq¨viwU weRq GKz‡k -Gi mv‡_ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q| GB UvBc wUDUi mdUIq¨viwU w`‡q †h‡Kvb
bwek wkÿv_©x weRq Kx‡evW© w`‡q Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv UvBc Kiv wkL‡Z cv‡ib| UvBc Ki‡Z †kLv kiæ Kivi Av‡M Avcwb
wKfv‡e evsjv hy³vÿi ˆZix nq †mwU Rvbyb| Avgv‡ì †ekxi fvM gvbyl A‡bK¸‡jv evsjv hy³vÿi †Kgb K‡i ˆZix nq
†mwU Rv‡bbbv| weRq Kx‡evW© evsjv hy³ÿi ˆZixi wbqg †g‡b P‡j| d‡j †mwU hy³vÿi mn‡RB ˆZix Ki‡Z cv‡i|
weRq UvBc wUDUi Pvjvevi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K B›Uvi‡bU G·‡cøvivi ev dvqvid· I‡qe eªvDRvi eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
mwVKfv‡e evsjv UvBc cixÿv
Avcwb mwVKfv‡e evsjv UvBc Kiv †kLv n‡jv
wKbv †m wel‡q hw` wbwðZ n‡Z Pvb Z‡e
bx‡Pi kã¸‡jv UvBc Kiæb| GB kã¸‡jv‡Z
cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj hy³vÿi I wmKz‡qÝ i‡q‡Q|
Aby‡iva, AvMÖn, KvMR, B”Qv, wW¯‹, C`, b`x,
Dcnvi, cy‡ivcywi, Elv, `~Z, Fwl, e„wË,
GKZv, †Kej, A‡bK, HwZnvwmK, êVv,
A‰ea, ISv, †Kvgj, Jla, †KŠkj,
Kw¤úDUvi, Q°v, A³«, eKèv, †K¡ivZ, iæwÝx,
evK¨, eµ, †K¬k, cixÿv, ev·, i³, Zxÿè,
m‚², Lo, gyL¨, Mg, ¸nv, evwº, gy», fMœ,
evM¥x, fvM¨, MÖnY, MøvwY, MÖæc, Ni, weNœ, kxNª,
e¨vO, A¼, k•L, m½xZ, m•N, ev•gq, m¼«vgK, mv•Nªvwk, AvKv•ÿv, Pi, evP¨, D”PviY, Zz”Q, hv”Tv, D”Q¦j, QvwZ, K…”Q«Zv,
25
Rwg, j¾v, KzÀwUKv, Ávb, R¡i, ivR¨, eRª, D¾¡j, wgTv, PÂj, evÃv, AÄjx, wbS©ÅvU, UvKv, PÆMÖvg, UvÆz, LU¡v, KzU¥j,
bvU¨, Uªjvi, †nwÆªK, VvÛv, cvV¨, WvjWv, AvÇv, Wªqvi, RvW¨, XvKv, abvX¨, iY, NÈv, DrKÉv, LÐ, welYœ, AY¦q, cyY¨,
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weRq Kx‡evW©-G UvBc Kivi mnR wbqgvejx

weRq Kx‡evW© ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggbfv‡e hv‡Z mn‡RB mKj evsjv Aÿi ˆZwi Kiv hvq| wewfbœ Ack‡b weRq Kx‡evW©
eënvi Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ Kx‡evW© KgvÛ eënvi Ki‡Z nq| weRq GKz‡k -Gi DB‡ÛvR ev g¨vK ms¯‹iY Pvjy nevi ci
Gi wWdë Kx‡evW© _v‡K Bs‡iRx| hLbB DB‡ÛvR ms¯‹i‡Y Bs‡iRx †_‡K evsjv ev Amwgqv UvBc Ki‡Z nq ZLb
Kx‡evW© KgvÛ w`‡q e`j Ki‡Z nq| †hgb Bs‡iRx †_‡K K¬vwmK weRq Gi Rb¨ K‡›Uªvj AjUvi we, Bs‡iRx †_‡K GKvËi
Ctrl+Alt+e Bs‡iRx †_‡K BDwb‡KvW weRq-Gi Rb¨ K‡›Uªvj AjUvi wf ev I eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
GKBfv‡e Gme Kx‡evW© †_‡K Bs‡iRx‡Z wd‡i Avm‡Z n‡j GKB Kx‡evW© KgvÛ eënvi Ki‡Z nq| †hgb K¬vwmK weRq
†_‡K Bs‡iRx‡Z †h‡Z Avevi K‡›Uªvj AjUvi we, GKvËi weRq †_‡K Bs‡iRx‡Z †h‡Z K‡›Uªvj AjUvi B, Ges BDwb‡KvW
weRq †_‡K Bs‡iRx‡Z †h‡Z K‡›Uªvj AjUvi wf ev I eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
g‡b ivL‡eb, ïaygvÎ Kx‡evW© e`j Ki‡jB mwVKfv‡e evsjv †jLv n‡ebv| GRb¨ mwVK d›UI eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
1. Kw¤úDUv‡i Kx‡evW© eënvi Kivi Rb¨ mvaviYZ `ywU nv‡Zi `kwU Av½yjB eënvi Kiv nq| cÖ_‡g Bs‡iwR UvBc
Kivi wbqg Abyhvqx `yB nv‡Zi Av½yj¸wj h_v¯’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivLv fv‡jv, evg nv‡Zi Av½yj ¸wj‡Z cÖavbZ
¯îwP‎ý¸‡jv (`ywU ¯îeY©mn) _vK‡e| Wvb nv‡Zi Av½yj¸‡jv‡Z _vK‡e e¨ÄbeY©¸‡jv|
2. weRq Kx‡ev‡W© †hLv‡b m¤¢e AícÖvY I gnvcÖvY †Rvov wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb- A-v, w-x, †-ˆ, I-Š, K-L, M-
N, P-Q, R-S, U-V, W-X, Z-_, `-a, c-d, e-f, o-p| Gme e‡Y©i web¨vm n‡jv Ggb †h, AícÖvY Aÿi¸‡jv ¯^vfvweK
Ae¯’vq I gnvcÖvY Aÿi¸‡jv wkdU Ae¯’vq _vK‡e| Aek¨ †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î (†hgb Y-b, l-m) e¨wZµgI Av‡Q|
GQvov -„ ©, A-v, -ª ¨, i-j, g-k, BZ¨vw` †Rvov¸‡jvI GKB †evZv‡g ¯^vfvweK I wkdU Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q|
3| Bs‡iwR wR †evZvgwU‡K iƒcvšÍi †evZvg wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB †evZvgwUi mvnv‡h¨ ¯îwPý‡K ¯îe‡Y© Ges
e¨ÄbeY©‡K hy³vÿ‡i iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq|
weRq gybxi Kx‡evW©-G UvBc Kivi mnR wbqgvejx
weRq gybxi Kx‡evW© †KejgvÎ K¬vwmK †gv‡W eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GwU eënvi Kivi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K
K‡›Uªvj+AjUvi+Gg Kx †evW© KgvÛ eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| gybxi Kx‡evW© †_‡K Bs‡iRx‡Z wd‡i hvevi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K
Avevi GKB KgvÛ (K‡›Uªvj AjUvi Gg) eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Avcwb hw` gybxi Kx‡evW© †_‡K weRq Kx‡ev‡W© †h‡Z
Pvb Z‡e K‡›Uªvj AjUvi we UvBc Ki‡jB n‡e| GKBfv‡e hw` Avcwb mZ¨wRZ, MxZvÄwj ev weRq †_‡K gybx‡i Avm‡Z
Pvb Z‡e K‡›Uªvj AjUvi Gg †evZvg Pvc‡eb|
GwU Ggbfv‡e cÖ¯Z ‘ Kiv †h Avcwb UvBcivBUv‡i gybxi Kx‡evW© †hfv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z nq †mfv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| Z‡e †h‡nZz Kw¤úDUv‡i my‡hvM †ekx Av‡Q, †m‡nZz GLv‡b Avcwb wKQz evowZ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avgiv
AcwUgv gybxi UvBcivBUv‡ii †WW Kx-Uv‡K (Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨vK †¯úm) wj¼ Kx wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡iwQ| GB Kx‡evW©
w`‡q mivmwi weRq-Gi g‡Zv wj¼ eënvi K‡i ev UvBcivBUv‡ii g‡Zv djv eënvi K‡i UvBc Kiv hvq| wj¼ eënvi
Kivi mgq weRq-Gi g‡Zv g~j eY© (†hgb e wj¼ e = eŸ) Ges wj¼ eënvi Ki‡Z nq| GKBfv‡e i djv, h djv, †id
mivmwi eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
26
MxZvÄwj I mZ¨wRZ Kx‡evW©-G UvBc Kivi mnR wbqgvejx
MxZvÄwj I mZ¨wRZ fvi‡Zi `ywU RbwcÖq Kx‡evW©| GB `ywU Kx‡evW© evsjv wjL‡Z †hgb eëüZ nq †Zgwb Amwgqv
wjL‡ZI eëüZ nq| K¬vwmK †gvW-G MxZvÄwj Kx‡evW© eënvi Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb K‡›Uªvj AjUvi †RW Ges mZ¨wRZ
Kx‡evW© eënvi Kivi Rb¨ K‡›Uªvj AjUvi G· eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GKBfv‡e hw` MxZvÄwj †_‡K Bs‡iRx‡Z †h‡Z
nq Z‡e Avevi K‡›Uªvj AjUvi †RW Pvc‡Z n‡e| mZ¨wR‡Zi RbÏ GKB wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨| Avcwb hw` mZ¨wRZ †_‡K
MxZvÄwj Kx‡ev‡W© †h‡Z Pvb Z‡e K‡›Uªvj AjUvi †RW Ges MxZvÄwj †_‡K mZ¨wRZ-G †h‡Z Pvb Z‡e K‡›Uªvj AjUvi
G· eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
GB `ywU Kx‡evW© eënvi Kivi Rb¨ Bs‡iRx wW †evZvg‡K wj¼ Kx wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e `ywU Kx‡ev‡W© e‡Y©i
Ae¯’vb wfbœ wfbœ| Avgiv `ywU Kx‡ev‡W©i QKB eënvi K‡iwQ| GQvovI GB `ywU Kx‡ev‡W©i Amwgqv ms¯‹iY‡K
Avjv`vfv‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡iwQ| KviY GB `ywU Kx‡ev‡W©i Amwgqv ms¯‹iY evsjv ms¯‹i‡Yi PvB‡Z wfbœ| GB Kx‡ev‡W© i
djvi Rb¨ nmšÍ i UvBc Ki‡Z nq| †hgb cÖ wjL‡Z c+&&+i UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e|
evsjv MxZvÄwj Kx‡evW© cvevi Rb¨ Avcwb K‡›Uªvj AjUvi †RW Ges mZ¨wRZ Kx‡evW© cvevi Rb¨ K‡›Uªvj AjUvi G·
KgvÛ w`b|
27
Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv †jLvi
Rb¨ mviv `ywbqvi mKj
ev½vjxi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q
RbwcÖq †h Kx‡evW© Zvi bvg
weRq| †KD †KD e‡jb,
weRq-Gi Rb¥ bv n‡j
Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv †jLvi
BwZnvm AbïKg n‡Zv|
weRq n‡”Q evsjvi cÖ_g
Kx‡evW© hv‡Z mvaviY Bs‡iRx
Kx‡evW© eënvi K‡i evsjv
†jLv hvq, evsjv e‡Y©i †Kvb
weK…wZ bv K‡i|
weRq-Gi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY
cÖKvwkZ nq 16 wW‡m¤î
1988 mv‡j| µgvMZfv‡e
16 eQi eëüZ nevi ci
BDwb‡KvW cwic~Y©fv‡e
cÖPj‡bi ¯^v‡_© weRq-Gi
wØZxq ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq
2004 mv‡j| cÖ_g
ms¯‹i‡Yi mKj êwkó¨
eRvq †i‡L wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Y
Ggb wKQz bZzb eY© hy³ Kiv
nq hv BDwb‡KvWwfwËK
evsjv †jLvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb
nq|
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ weRq -Gi wØZxq
ms¯‹iY m¤úyY© cÖ‡qvM Kiv
n‡q‡Q weRq-Gi BDwb‡KvW
Ges †Mvì ms¯‹i‡Y|
Z‡e BDwb‡KvW ms¯‹iY
m¤ú‡K© †h K_vwU ejv
ìKvi †mwU n‡jv, weRq n‡jv
evsjvi Rb¨ GKgvÎ Kx‡evW©
hv BDwb‡KvW c×wZ‡Z KvR
Kivi mgqI cÖPwjZ Dcv‡q
evsjv †jLvi †Kvb cwieZ©b
nqbv| Ab¨w`‡K
BDwb‡KvWwfwËK Ab¨ mKj
Kx‡evW© eënvi Kivi mgq
wKQz wKQz ¯îwPý hv e‡Y©i
Av‡M e‡m (†hgb w, †, ˆ, †v,
†Š) wKš‘ e‡Y©i c‡i UvBc
Ki‡Z nq|
28
gybxi Kx‡evW© evsjv‡`‡ki
UvBcivBUv‡i cÖPwjZ GKgvÎ
Kx‡evW©| ¯^vaxbZv c~e©Kv‡j
knw` gybxi †PŠayix †Kw›`ªq
evsjv Dbœqb †ev‡W©i cÿ †_‡K
GB Kx‡evW©wU D™¢veb K‡ib|
gyw³hy‡×i †kl cÖv‡šÍ cvwK¯Ívbx
NvZKiv gybxi †PŠayix‡K nZ¨v
K‡i| ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i mv‡eK
c~e© Rvg©vbxi AcwUgv bvgK
GKwU UvBcivBUvi †Kv¤úvbxi
mv‡_ †hŠ_fv‡e GB
UvBcivBUvi Kx‡evW©wU GKwU
UvBcivBUvi h‡š¿ mdjfv‡e
cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| GB †hŠ_
cÖ‡Póvi d‡j AcwUgv-gybxi
bv‡gi GKwU UvBcivBUvi
evsjv‡`‡k evRviRvZ Kiv nq|
GB UvBcivBUviwUB GL‡bv
ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡k eëüZ
me‡P‡q RbwcÖq UvBcivBUvi|
1993 mv‡j weRq-Gi DB‡ÛvR
ms¯‹iY evRviRvZ Kivi mgq
UvBwc÷iv hv‡Z Lye mn‡R
Kw¤úDUvi eënvi K†i evsjv
wjL‡Z cv‡i, †mRb¨ weRq-Gi
DB‡ÛvR ms¯‹i‡Y GwU hy³ Kiv
nq|
GRb¨ gybxi Kx‡evW©-Gi wKQz
cwieZ©b Kiv nq| we‡kl K‡i
weRq-Gi g‡Zv wj¼ eënvi
Kivi c×wZ hy³ Kiv nq
G‡Z|
gybxi Kx‡evW© w`‡q
UvBcivBUv‡i †hme eY©
mwVKfv‡e UvBc Kiv †h‡Zvbv,
Kw¤úDUv‡i wj¼ eënvi K‡i
†m¸‡jvI mwVKfv‡e AweK…Z
Ae¯’vq UvBc Kivi eë¯’v
Kivq UvBwc÷‡ì gv‡S GwU
fxlY RbwcÖq nq|
GB Kx‡ev‡W© e¨vK møvk
†evZvgwU‡K wj¼ wn‡m‡e
eënvi Kiv nq|
29
MxZvÄjx Kx‡evW©wU fvi‡Zi Avmv‡g
cÖPwjZ| Gi mv‡_ cwðge‡½i
MxZvÄjx Kx‡evW© †jAvDU ûeû
wg‡jbv|
30
mZ¨wRZ Kx‡evW©wU fvi‡Zi Avmv‡g
cÖPwjZ| Gi mv‡_ cwðge‡½i
mZ¨wRZ Kx‡evW© †jAvDU ûeû
wg‡jbv|
31
Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv †jLvi Rb¨
cwðge‡½ eëüZ nq Ggb Av‡iKwU
Kx‡evW© n‡jv mZ¨wRZ Amwgqv| GB
Kx‡evW©wU †K, K‡e, KLb ˆZix K‡ib
†mwU Avgiv Rvwbbv| wKš‘ RbwcÖqZvi
wePv‡i Gi Ae¯’vb h‡_ó fv‡jv e‡j
weRq-Gi K¬vwmK †gv‡W eënvi Kivi
Rb¨ GwU Avgiv weRq-Gi mv‡_ hy³
K‡iwQ| BsiRx wW †evZvgwU GLv‡b
wj¼ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
32
MxZvÄjx Amwgqv Kx‡evW©wU fvi‡Zi
Avmv‡g cÖPwjZ| Gi mv‡_ cwðge‡½i
MxZvÄjx Kx‡evW© †jAvDU ûeû wg‡j
bv|
evsjv‡`k Ges fvi‡Zi Kx‡evW© Abyhvqx

evsjv I Amwgqv eY© †jLvi ZvwjKv
33
wewfbœ Kx‡ev‡W© evsjv †jLvi c×wZ
¯îeY© I ¯îwPý
evsjv eY© weRq weRq gybxi MxZvÄwj DB‡Ûv‡Ri mZ¨wRZ
¯^vfvweK weKí (evsjv) AvmwK †KvW (evsjv)
A F u E 65 K
Av gf uh Ee 65,118 Kk
v f h e 118 k
B gd w ow F 66 G
w d l f 119 g
C gD J R 67 H
x D L r 120 h
D gs 4w G 68 ~
y s q g 121 B
E gS : T 69 N
~ S Q t 126 N
F ga " + 70 M
„ a A = 132 {
G gc n S 71 L
† space c Space g a 134 space l
‡ c g s 135 L
H gC nw W 72 P
ˆ space C Space q 136 space p
gw
‰ C gw w 137 P
I x 3 A 73 Shift 6
J gX 3w Q 74 Shift 7
Š X hw q 138 M
e¨ÄbeY© I hy³vÿi
evsjv eY© weRq weRq gybxi MxZvÄwj DB‡Ûv‡Ri mZ¨wRZ
¯^vfvweK weKí (evsjv) AvmwK †KvW (evsjv)
K j ' k 75 S
Kz js 'q kg 75,122 Sb
K‚ jS 'Q kt 75,130 Sn
K… ja 'A k= 75,133 s{
° jgj '\' kdk 176 Sds
°z jgjs '\'q kdkg 176,122 Sdsb
°‚ jgjS '\'Q kdkt 176,130 Sdsn
°… jgja '\'A kdk= 176,133 sds{
³« jgkz '2a '\ja kdL Shift 3 179,171 Sdfdj
± jgt '\y '\yw kd' 177 Sdq
±z jgts '\yq kd'g 177,122 sdqb
±‚ jgtS '\yQ kd't 177,130 Sdqn
±… jgta '\yA kd'= 177,133 sdq{
Kè jgb 'Z '\f kdv 75,232 Sde
Kèz jgbs '\Zq kdvg 75,232,122 Sdeb
Kè‚ jgbS '\ZQ kdvt 75,232,130 Sden
34
Kè… jgba '\ZA kdv= 75,232,133 sde{
K¡ jgh 'z '\; kdy 75,161 Sdz
´ jgm 'X '\p kdc 180 Sda
µ jz e 'a kdj 181 Sdj
µz jzs eq kdjg 181,122 Sdjb
µ‚ jzS eQ kdjt 181,130 Sdjn
µ… jza eA kdj= 181,133 sdj{
K¬ jgV 'S '\. kdu 75,172 sd[
K¬z jgVs '\Sq kdug 75,172,122 sd[b
K¬‚ jgVS '\SQ kdut 75,172,130 sd[n
K¬„ jgVa '\SA kdu= 75,172,133 sd[{
¶ jgN R '\O # 255 `
¶z jgNs Rq #g 255,122 `b
¶‚ jgNS RQ #t 255,130 `n
ÿ„ jgNa RA #= 255,133 `{
· jgn '\d kdm 183 sd;
³ jgk '2 '\j kdl 179 Sdf
³z jgks '2q kdlg 179,122 Sdfb
³‚ jgkS '2Q kdlt 179,130, Sdfn
³… jgka '2A kdl= 179,133 sdf{
¶è jgNgB RZ #dv 255,232 `de
¶èy jgNgBs RZq #dvg 255,232,122 `deb
¶è~ jgNgBS RZQ #dvt 255,232,130 `den
¶è„ jgNgBa RZA #dv= 255,232,133 `de{
² jgNgm RX R\p #dc 178 `da
L J O K 76 S
Lª Jz Oa Kdj 76,170 Sdj
Lªæ Jzs Oaq Kdjg 76, 170,230 Sdjb
Lªƒ jzS OaQ Kdjt 76,170,131 Sdjn
M o 6 i 77 X
¸ os 6q ig 184 Xb
º ogl 6\r ido 186 Xdr
» ogL 6\P idO 187 xdR
»y ogLs 6\Pq idOg 187,122 xdRb
»~ ogLS 6\PQ idOt 187,130 xdRn
»„ ogLa 6\PA idO= 187,133 xdR{
Mœ ogb 6Z 6\f idv 77,156 Xde
M¥ ogm 6X 6\p idc 77,165 Xda
MÖ oz 6a idj 77, 214 xdj
MÖæ ozs 6aq idjg 77, 214, 230 Xdjb
MÖƒ ozS 6aQ idjt 77,214,131 Xdjn
M¦ ogh 6z idy 89,94 Xdz
N O Y I 78 X
Nœ Ogb YZ Y\f Idv 78,156 Xde
Nª Oz Ya Idj 78,170 Xdj
Nªæ Ozs Yaq Idjg 78,170, 230 Xdjb
Nªƒ OzS YaQ Idjt 78,170,131 Xdjn
35
O q M * 79 A
Oz qs Mq *g 79,122 Ab
O‚ qS MQ *t 79,130 An
O… qa MA *= 79,133 A{
¼ qgj M\' *dk 188 Ads
¼z qgjs M\'q *dkg 188,122 Adsb
¼‚ qgjS M\'Q *dkt 188,130 Adsn
¼„ qgja M\'A *dk= 188,133 Ads{
•L qgJ M\O *dK 149,76 AdS
½ qgo M\6 *di 189 Adx
•N qgO M\Y *dI 149,78 AdX
•g qgm M\p MX *dc 149,103 Ada
¼« qgjz M\'a *dkdj 188,171 Adsdj
¼«y qgjzs M\'aq *dkdjg 188,171,122 Adsdjb
¼«~ qgjzS M\'aQ *dkdjt 188,171,130 Adsdjn
¼«„ qgjza M\'aA *dkdj= 188,171,133 Adsdj{
•Nª qgOz M\Ya *dIdj 149,78,214 AdXdj
•¶ qgjgN M\R *d# 149,255 ad`
•¶y qgjgNs M\Rq *d#g 149,255,122 ad`b
•¶~ qgjgNS M\RQ *d#t 149,255,130 ad`n
•¶„ qgjgNa M\RA *d#= 149,255,133 ad`{
P y 7 ; 80 V
Pz ys 7q ;g 80,122 Vb
P‚ yS 7Q ;t 80,130 Vn
P… ya 7A ;= 80,133 v{
”P ygy 7\ 7 ;d; 148,80 Vdv
”Pz ygys 7\ 7q ;d;g 148,80,122 Vdvb
”P‚ ygyS 7\ 7Q ;d;t 148,80,130 Vdvn
”P… ygya 7\ 7A ;d;= 148,80,133 vdv{
”Q ygY 7\t ;d: 148,81 vdV
”Qz ygYs 7\tq ;d:g 148,81,122 vdVb
”Q‚ ygYS 7\tQ ;d:t 148,81,130 vdVn
”Q… ygYa 7\tA ;d:= 148,81,133 vdV{
”Qª ygYz 7\ta ;d:dj 148,81,171 vdVdj
”T ygI 7\F ;d_ 148,84 vdB
”Tz ygIs 7\Fq ;d_g 148,84,122 vdBb
”T‚ ygIS 7\FQ ;d_t 148,84,130 vdBn
”T… ygIa 7\FA ;d_= 148,84,133 vdB{
”Q¡ ygygh 7\tz ;d:dy 148,81,161 vdVdz
Q y t : 81 V
Qz ys tq :g 81,122 Vb
Q‚ yS tQ :t 81,130 Vn
Q… ya tA := 81,133 V{
Q« yz ta ;d:dj 148,81,171 vdVdj
R u m p 82 C
¾ ugu m\m pdp 190 Cdc
À ugU m\T pdP 192 cdC
36
Àz ugUs m\Tq pdPg 192,122 cdCb
À~ ugUS m\TQ pdPt 192,130 cdCn
À„ ugUa m\TA pdP= 192,133 cdC{
Á ugI m\F mF % 193 cdB
Áy ugIs m\Fq %g 193,122 cdBb
Á~ ugIS m\FQ %t 193,130 cdBn
Á„ ugIa m\FA %= 192,133 cdB{
R¡ ugh mz pdy 82,161 Cdz
¾¡ ugugh m\mz pdpdy 190,161 Cdcdz
S U T P 83 C
Sz Us Tq Pg 83,122 Cb
S‚ US TQ Pt 83,130 Cn
S… Ua TA P= 83,133 C{
T I F nF _ 84 B
Tz Is Fq _g 84,122 Bb
T‚ IS FQ _t 84,130 Bn
T… Ia FA _= 84,133 B{
Â Igy F\7 ;F _d; 194 Bdv
Âz Igys F\7q _d;g 194,122 Bdvb
Â~ IgyS F\7Q _d;t 194,130 Bdvn
Â„ Igya F\7A _d;= 194,133 Bdv{
Ã IgY F\t _d: 195 BdV
Ãz IgYs F\tq _d:g 195,122 BdVb
Ã‚ IgYS F\tQ _d:t 195,130 BdVn
Ã… IgYa F\tA _d:= 195,33 BdV{
Ä Igu F\m _dp 196 Bdc
Å IgU F\T _dP 197 BdC
Åz IgUs F\Tq _dPg 197,122 BdCb
Å~ IgUS F\TQ _dPt 197,130 BdCn
Å„ IgUa F\TA _dP= 197,133 BdC{
U t yw ' 85 Q
Uz ts ywq 'g 85,122 Qb
U~ tS ywQ 't 85,130 qn
U„ ta ywA '= 85,133 q{
Æ tgt yw\yw y\y 'd' 198 Qdq
Æz tgts yws\yw 'd'g 198,122 Qdqb
qq
Æ~ tgtS yws\yw 'd't 198,130 Qdqn
qQ
Æ„ tgta yws\yw 'd'= 198,133 qdq{
qA
U¡ tgh ywz 'dg 85,161 Qdz
U¥ tgm ywX 'dc 85,165 Qda
Uª tz ywa 'dj 85,170 Qdj
Æª tgtz yw\ywa 'd'dj 198,170 Qdqdj
V T I " 86 Q
Vz Ts Iq "g 86,122 Qb
37
V‚ TS IQ "t 86,130 Qn
V… Ta IA "= 86,133 Q{
W e 4 [ 87 T
Wz es 4q [g 87,122 Tb
W‚ eS 4Q [t 87,130 tn
W… ea 4A [= 87,133 t{
Ç ege 4\4 [d[ 199 Tdt
Çz eges 4\4q [d[g 199,122 Tdtb
Ç‚ egeS 4\4Q [d[t 199,130 Tdtn
Ç… egea 4\4A [d[= 199,133 tdt{
Wª ez 4a [dj 87,170 Tdj
X E y { 88 T
Xz Es yq {g 88,122 Tb
X‚ ES yQ {t 88,130 Tn
X… Ea yA {= 88,133 T{
Y B K C 89 J
È Bgt K\y Cd' 200 Jdq
Èz Bgts K\yq K\ywq Cd'g 200,122 Jdqb
È~ BgtS K\yQ K\yw Cd't 200,130 Jdqn
Q
È„ Bgta K\yA K\yw Cd'= 200,133 Jdq{
A
É BgT K\I Cd" 201 JdQ
Éz BgTs K\Iq Cd"g 201,122 JdQb
É‚ BgTS K\IQ Cd"t 201,130 JdQn
É… BgTa K\IA Cd"= 201,133 JdQ{
Ð Bge K\4 Cd[ 208 Jdt
Ðz Bges K\4q Cd[g 208,122 Jdtb
Ð‚ BgeS K\4Q Cd[t 208,130 Jdtn
Ð… Bgea K\4A Cd[= 208,133 Jdt{
Yœ Bgb KZ Cdv 89,156 Jde
Y¦ Bgh Kz Cdy 89,94 Jdz
Ðª Bgez K\4a Cd[dj 208,170 Jdtdj
Z k j l 90 F
Zz ks jq lg 90,122 Fb
Z‚ kS jQ lt 90,130 Fn
Z… ka jA l= 90,133 f{
Ë kgk j\j 31, j2 ldl 203 Fdf
Ëz kgks j\jq ldlg 203,122 Fdfb
Ë‚ kgkS j\jQ ldlt 203,130 Fdfn
Ë… kgka j\jA ldl= 203,133 fdf{
Ì kgK j\> ldL 204 fdF
Zœ kgb jZ ldv 90,156 Fde
Z¡ kgh jz ldy 90,161 Fdz
Z¥ kgm jX ldc 90,165 Fda
Ë¡ kgkgh j\jz 31z ldldy 203,161 Fdfdz
Î kz n1 ja ldj 206 Fdj
38
Îæ kzs n1q jaq ldjg 206, 230 Fdjb
_ K > L 95 F
_¡ Kgh >z Ldy 95,161 Fdz
` l r o 96 R
˜M lgo r\6 odi 152.77 Rdx
Ñ lgO r\Y odI 152.78 rdX
Ï lgl r\r odo 207 Rdr
× lgL r\P odO 215 rdR
×z lgLs r\Pq odOg 215.122 rdRb
×~ lgLS r\PQ odOt 215.130 rdRn
×„ lgLa r\PA odO= 215.133 rdR{
™¢ lgH r\U odY 153,162 rdZ
™¢z lgHs r\Uq odYg 153,162,122 rdZb
™¢‚ lgHS r\UQ odYt 153,162,130 rdZn
™¢„ lgHa r\UA odY= 153,162,133 rdZ{
Ø lgh rz r\; ody 216 Rdz
Ù lgm rX r\p odc 217 Rda
`&¸ lggos rx6q odig 96,184 Rdxb
™£ lgHz r\Ua odYdj 153.163 rdZdj
`ªæ lzs raq odjg 96,170,230 Rdjb
`ªƒ lzS raQ odjt 96,170,131 Rdjn
a L P O 97 R
aŸ Lgh P\; Pz Ody 97,159 Rdz
a¥ Lgm PX P\p Odc 97,165 Rda
aª Lz Pa Odj 97,170 Rdj
aªæ Lzs Paq Odjg 97,170,230 Rdjb
aªƒ LzS PaQ Odjt 97,170,131 Rdjn
b b f v 98 E
›U bgt f\y vd' 155,85 Edq
›Uz bgts f\yq vd'g 155,85,122 Edqb
›U~ bgtS f\yQ vd't 155,85,130 Edqn
›U„ bgta f\yA vd'= 155,85,133 edq{
Û bge f\4 vd[ 219 Edt
Ûz bges f\4q vd[g 219,122 Edtb
Û‚ bgeS f\4Q vd[t 219,130 Edtn
Û… bgea f\4A vd[= 219,133 edt{
Ú bgT f\I vd" 218 edQ
Úz bgTs f\Iq vd"g 218,122 edQb
Ú‚ bgTS f\IQ vd"t 218,130 edQn
Ú… bgTa f\IA vd"= 218,133 edQ{
šÍ bgk f2 f\j vdl 154,205 Edf
š‘ bgks f2q vdlg 154,145 Edfb
šÍ~ bgkS f2Q vdlt 154,205,130 Edfn
šÍ„ bgka f2A vdl= 154,205,133 edf{
š’ bgK f\> vdL 154,146 edF
39
›` bgl f\r vdo 155,96 Edr
Ü bgL f\P vdO 220 edR
Üz bgLs f\Pq vdOg 220,122 edRb
Ü~ bgLS f\PQ vdOt 220,130 edRn
Ü„ bgLa f\PA vdO= 220,133 edR{
bœ bgb fZ vdv 98,156 Ede
Yœ BgB KZ Cdv 89,156 Jde
š^ bgh fz vdy 154,94 Edz
b¥ bgm fX vdc 98,165 Eda
b¨ bZ fH va 98,168 eU
›Uª bgtz f\ya vd'dj 155,85,170 Edqdj
Ûª bgez f\4a vd[dj 219,170 Edtdj
š¿ bgkz f\ja vdldj 154,191 Edfdj
›Ø bglgh f\rz vdody 155,216 Edrdz
›`ª bglz f\ra vdodj 155,96,170 Edrdj
Ü« bgLz f\Pa vdOdj 220,171 edRdj
Ü«y bgLzs f\Paq vdOdjg 220,171,122 edRdjb
Ü«~ bgLzS f\PaQ vdOdjt 220,171,130 edRdjn
Ü«„ bgLza f\PaA vdOdj= 220,171,133 edRdj{
Ý bgn f\d vdm 221 ed;
c r b h 99 W
ß rgk b2 b\j hdl 223 Wdf
ßz rgks b2q hdlg 223,122 Wdfb
ß‚ rgkS b2Q hdlt 223,130 wdfn
ß„ rgka b2A hdl= 223,133 wdf{
Þ rgt b\y hd' 222 Wdq
Þz rgts b\yq hd'g 222,122 Wdqb
Þ~ rgtS b\yQ hd't 222,130 Wdqn
Þ„ rgta b\yA hd'= 222,133 wdq{
à rgr b\b hdh 224 Wdw
cø rgV bS b\. hdu 99,248 wd[
cœ rgb bZ b\f hdv 99,156 Wde
cÖ rz ba hdj 99,214 Wdj
cÖæ szs baq hdjg 99,214,230 Wdjb
cÖƒ rzS baQ hdjt 99,214,131 Wdjn
d R B H 100 W
dz Rs Bq Hg 100,122 Wb
d‚ RS BQ Ht 100,130 Wn
d… Ra BA H= 100,133 W{
d« Rz Ba Hdj 100,171 Wdj
d«z Rzs Baq Hdjg 100,171,122 Wdjb
d«‚ RzS BaQ Hdjt 100,171,130 Wdjn
d«„ Rza BaA Hdj= 100,171,133 Wdl{
d¬ RgV BS Hdu 100,172 Wd[
d¬z RgVs BSq Hdug 100,172,122 Wd[b
d¬‚ RgVS BSQ Hdut 100,172,130 Wd[n
d¬„ RgVa BSA Hdu= 100,172,133 Wd[{
40
e h ; y 101 Z
(A) e g. \. d. 157 d.
â hgu ;\m ydp 226 Zdc
eø hgV ;S ;\. ydu 101,248 zd[
ã hgl ;\r ydo 227 Zdr
ä hgL ;\P ydO 228 zdR
äz hgLs ;\Pq ydOg 228,122 zdRb
ä~ hgLS ;\PQ ydOt 228,130 zdRn
ä„ hgLa ;\PA ydO= 228,133 zdR{
eŸ hgh ;\; ydy 101,159 Zdz
eªæ hzs ;aq ydjg 101,170,230 Zdjb
eªƒ hzS ;aQ ydjt 101,170,131 Zdjn
f H U Y 102 Z
å Hz Ua Ydj 229 Zdj
åæ Hzs Uaq Ydjg 229,230 Zdjb
åƒ HzS UaQ Ydjt 229,131 Zdjn
fø HgV US U\. Ydu 108,248 Zd[
g m p c 103 A
gœ mgb p\f pZ cdv 103,156 Ade
¤ø mgV cS cdu 164,248 ad[
¤ú mgr cb p\b cdh 164,250 adw
ç mgR cB p\B cdH 231 adW
çz mgRs cBq cdHg 231,122 adWb
ç‚ mgRS cBQ cdHt 231,130 adWn
ç… mgRa cBA cdH= 231,133 adW{
¤^ mgh cz cdy 164,94 Adz
¤¢ mgH cU cdY 164,162 adZ
¤§ mgm cX cdc 164,167 Ada
gª mz pa cdj 103,170 Adj
¤úø mgrgV cbS cdhdu 164,250,248 adwd[
¤£ mgHz p\Ua cdYdj 164,163 adZdj
h w i ? 104 U
¨ z H a 168 U
i v k j 105 J
(A)i v (g, in k j 105 J
Unicode)
ª z a dj 170 Dj
© A W z 169 ]
iæ vs kq jg 105,230 Jb
iƒ vS kQ jt 105,131 Jn
j V . u 106 [
é Vgj .\' udk 233 [ds
éz Vgjs .\'q udkg 233,122 [dsb
é‚ VgjS .\'Q udkt 233,130 [dsn
é… Vgja .\'A udk= 233,133 [ds{
ê Vgo .\6 udi 234 [dx
ì Vge .\4 ud[ 236 [dt
41
í Vgr .\b udh 237 [dw
î VgR .\B udH 238 [dW
j¦ Vgh .z udy 106,166 [dz
j¥ Vgm .X udc 106,165 [da
jø VgV .S .\. udu 106,248 [d[
î« VgRz .\Ba udHdj 238,171 [dWdj
k M , M 107 O
ï Ms ,q Mg 239 Ob
kª Mz ,a Mdj 107,214 Odj
kø MgV ,S ,\. Mdu 107,248 Od[
ð Mgy ,\7 Md; 240 Odv
ñ MgY ,\t Md: 241 OdV
kœ Mgb ,Z Mdv 107,156 Ode
k¦ Mgh ,z Mdy 107,166 Odz
k¥ Mgm ,X Mdc 107,165 Oda
kÖæ Mzs ,aq Mdjg 107,214,230 Odjb
kªƒ MzS ,aQ Mdjt 107,214,131 Odjn
l N 0 < 108 :
®‹ Ngj 0\' V' <dk 174,139 :ds
®‹z Ngjs 0\'q <dkg 174,139,122 :dsb
®‹‚ NgjS 0\'Q <dkt 174,139,130 :dsn
®‹… Ngja 0\'A <dk= 174,139,133 :ds{
ó Ngt Vy 0\yw <d' 243 :dq
óz Ngts Vyq <d'g 243,122 :dqb
ó‚ NgtS VyQ <d't 243,130 :dqn
ó… Ngta VyA <d'= 243,133 :dq{
ô NgT 0\I VI <d" 244 :dQ
óz NgTs 0\Iq <d"g 244,122 :dQb
ô‚ NgTS 0\IQ <d"t 244,130 :dQn
ô… NgTa 0\IA <d"= 244,133 :dQ{
®ú Ngr Vb 0\b <dh 174,250 :dw
õ NgR VB 0\B <dH 245 :dW
õz NgRs VBq <dHg 245,122 :dWb
õ‚ NgRS VBQ <dHt 245,130 :dWn
õ… NgRa VBA <dH= 245,133 :dW{
®Œ Ngjz V'a 0\'a <dkdj 174,140 :dsdj
®Œz Ngjzs V'aq <dkdjg 174,140,122 :dsdjb
®Œ‚ NgjzS V'aQ <dkdjt 174,140,130 :dsdjn
®Œ„ Ngjza V'aA <dkdj= 174,140,133 :dsdj{
óª Ngtz Vya 0\ywa <d'dj 243,170 :dqdj
ò NgB 0F <dv 242 :dJ
òz NgBs 0Fq <dvg 242,122 :dJb
ò‚ NgBS 0FQ <dvt 242,130 :dJn
ò… NgBa 0FA <dv= 242,133 :dJ{
®§ Ngm VX 0\p <dc 174,167 :da
m n d m 109 ;
mª nz da mdj 109,168 ;dj
42
¯‹ ngj C' d\' mdk 175,139 ;ds
¯‹z ngjs C'q mdkg 175,139,122 ;dsb
¯‹‚ ngjS C'Q mdkt 175,139,130 ;dsn
¯‹… ngja C'A mdk= 175,139,133 ;ds{
ö ngJ CO dO mdK 246 ;dS
÷ ngt
¯Í ngk C2 d\j mdl 175,205 ;df
¯Í¡ ngkgh C2z mdldy 175,205,161 ;dfdz
¯‘ ngks C2q mdlg 175,145 ;dfb
¯Í‚ ngkS C2Q mdlt 175,205,130 ;dfn
¯Í… ngka C2A mdl= 175,205,133 ;df{
¯’ ngK C> d\> mdL 175,146 ;dF
¯ø ngV CS mdu 175,248 ;d[
¯ú ngr Cb d\p mdh 175,250 ;dw
¯^ ngh dz mdy 175,94 ;dz
ù ngR CB d\P mdH 249 ;dW
ùz ngRs CBq mdHg 249,122 ;dWb
ù‚ ngRS CBQ mdHt 249,130 ;dWn
ù… ngRa CBA mdH= 249,133 ;dW{
¯¿ ngkz Cja d\ja mdldj 175,191 ;dfdj
mœ ngb CZ mdv 109,156 ;de
¯§ ngm CX mdc 175,167 ;da
¯‹¬ ngjgV C'S mdkdu 175,139,172 ;dsd[
¯Œ ngjz C'a d\'a mdkdj 175,140 ;dsdj
¯Œz ngjzs C'aq mdkdjg 175,140,122 ;dsdjb
¯Œ‚ ngjzS C'aQ mdkdjt 175,140,130 ;dsdjn
¯Œ… ngjza C'aA mdkdj= 175,140,133 ;dsdj{
¯úø ngrgV CbS mdhdu 175,250,248 ;dwd[
n i o n 110 O
û is oq ng 251 Ob
ü ia oA nt 252 o{
nè igB oZ ndv 110,232 odE
ý igb oe nv 253 Ode
nŸ ign o\; ndy 110,159 Odz
n¡ ig. oz nd. 110,161 od.
þ igm oX o\p ndc 254 Oda
þz igms oXq ndcg 254,122 Odab
43
þ~ igmS oXQ ndct 254,130 Odan
þ„ igma oXA ndc= 254,133 oda{
n« iz oa ndj 110,171 Odj
n¬ igV oS ndu 110,172 od[
o p 4s ] 111 I
p P ys } 112 I
q W is / 113 Y
r \ G U 114 Shift 2
s Q 8 b 115 Shift 3
t | ? ! 116 Shift 4
u & ! B 117 }
&nmšÍ gg x D 38 D
| G / Shift . (>) 124 . (Fullstop)
\ gG /\/ dD 92 dD
e djv gh z dy 166 Dz
j djv gV S du 248 d[
g djv gm X dc 167 Da
b djv gb Z dv 156 De
“ g; \; g; g; g;
Ê g' \' g' g' g'
, , v d, 44 d,
. . s d. 46 d.
; ; N d; 59 d;
: : DD d: 58 d:
Õ ' \ d' 213 d'
Ó " \\ d" 211 d"
Ô ` d` 212 d`
Ò ~ d~ 210 d~
[ [ d[ 91 d[
] ] d] 93 d]
{ { d{ 123 d{
} } d} 125 d}
- - 1 d- 45 d-
_ _ d_ 209 d_
= = ] d= 61 d=
+ + { d+ 43 d+
44
! ! d! 33 d!
@ @ | d@ 64 d@
# # d# 35 d#
$ $ ` d$ 36 d$
% % } d% 37 d%
* * ~ d* 42 *
( ( - ( 40 (
) ) = ) 41 )
? ? 5 d? 63 ?
/ / [ d/ 47 /
1 1 # 1 49 1
2 2 $ 2 50 2
3 3 % 3 51 3
4 4 ^ 4 52 4
5 5 & 5 53 5
6 6 + 6 54 6
7 7 _ 7 55 7
8 8 ) 8 56 8
9 9 ) 9 57 9
0 0 * 0 48 0
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Ksm : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
46
K‡cvZvÿ : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
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KzgviLvwj : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
Kzwkqviv : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
gûqv: Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
gvZvgyûwi: Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
gvZvgyûwi: Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
†gNbv : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
gaygwZ : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
gMov : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
gnvb›`v : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
gby : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
gyûwi: Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
beM½v : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
bimy›`v : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
cÙv : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
cvqiv : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
cik : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
cikmykÖx : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
wcw¼ : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
cïi : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
cybf©ev : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
iv‡eqv: Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
iv‡eqvkÖx: Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
iv‡eqmykÖx: Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
ivZzj : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
wibwK : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
wibwKmykÖx : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
wibwKkÖx : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
iƒcmv: Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
myigv : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
mgKvj : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
kvj`v : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
mv½y : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
k•L : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
k•L mykÖx : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
myMÜv : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
†mv‡gk¦ix : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
myZš^x : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
myZš^xmykÖx : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
Uv½b: Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
47
Uv½b‡gvUv: Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
wZ¯Ív : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
wZZvm : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
Zš^x : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
Zš^xevsjv : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
Zš^xmykÖx : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
ZzivMmykÖx : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
ZzivM : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
Dwg© : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
weRq Qvov cÖwZwU d‡›UiB †evì, BUvwjK, Ges †evì BUvwjK iƒc Av‡Q| Z‡e BDwb‡KvW d‡›Ui Gme iƒc †bB| KviY
Gi d‡j d›U dvB‡ji AvKvi A‡bK eo n‡q hvq|
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myZš^x : ¯^vfvweK Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
myZš^x : †evì Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
myZš^x : BUvwjK Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
myZš^x : †evì BUvwjK Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h weRq -Gi Gg‡R wmwi‡Ri mKj d‡›UiB G·cvÛ, Kb‡WÝW, w_ªwW †MÖwWq¨v›Um, w_ªwW Ges
†MÖwWq¨v›U iƒc Av‡Q|
Kb‡WÝW I G·cvÛ d›U

Kb‡WÝW: myZš^x : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
G·cvÛ: myZš^x : Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm
48
PZz_© Aa¨vq: evsjv kã web¨vm
nvRvi eQi Av‡M Rb¥ †bqv evsjv fvlv ev c„w_exi Ab¨ mKj fvlvB nv‡Z wj‡L hvÎv ïiæ K‡i| Avw` hy‡M gvbyl Mv‡Qi
gvB‡µvmdU IqvW©-Gi wewfbœ Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ wewfbœ ms¯‹iY

W‡mi Rb¨: b‡f¤î 83, IqvW© 1.0; 1985 IqvW 2.0; 1986 IqvW© 3.0; 1987 IqvW© 4.0; 1989 IqvW© 5.0;
1991 IqvW© 5.0; 1993 IqvW© 6.0|
†gwK‡›Uv‡mi Rb¨: 1985 IqvW© 1.0; 1987 IqvW© 3.0; 1989 IqvW© 4.0; 1991 IqvW© 5.0; 1993, IqvW© 6.0;
1998 IqvW© 98; 2000 IqvW© 2001; 2001 IqvW© G·; 2004 IqvW© 2004, 2008 IqvW© 2008, 2010 IqvW©
2011|
DB‡Ûv‡Ri Rb¨: 1989 DB‡ÛvR 2.0 ms¯‹i‡Yi Rb¨ IqvW© 1.0; 1990 DB‡ÛvR 3.0-Gi Rb¨ IqvW© 1.1; 1990
Ryb DB‡ÛvR 3.1-Gi Rb¨ IqvW© 1.1G; 1991 IqvW© 2.0; 1993 IqvW© 6.0; 1995 IqvW© 95; 1997 IqvW© 97;
1999 IqvW© 2000; 2001 IqvW© 2002 ev G·wc; 2003 IqvW© 2003 Ges 2006 IqvW© 2007, 2010 IqvW©
2010, 2013¸nvi
cvZvq-evK‡j, IqvW©cv_‡i
2013|cv_i
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ev Ab¨ wKQz w`‡qRb¨ IqvW©
wj‡L g‡biˆZixfve
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nq|
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ev‡ki KwÂ, avZzi wbe Gi mv‡_ dzj ev cvZvi is, ivmvqwbK Kvwj
BZ¨vw` w`‡q Mv‡Qi cvZv ev KvM‡R wj‡L fvlv‡K mvg‡b wb‡q
G‡m‡Q| gvbemf¨Zvi BwZnv‡m nvRvi nvRvi eQ‡ii Gme cÖvPxb cyw_
Avgv‡ì †MŠi‡ev¾¡j BwZnvm iPbv K‡i| evsjvi cÖvPxb cyw_,
Ph©vcÌ †Zgwb nv‡Z †jLv GK gnvm¤ú`| Ggb Av‡iv A‡bK cÖvPxb
cyw_ GLb Avgiv cvVvMv‡i Rv`yN‡i †`L‡Z †c‡Z cvwi| AwZ PgrKvi
K¨vwjIMÖvwd‡Z fiv Gme cyw_ ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q †h Avgv‡ì
c~e©cyiæliv K‡Zv my›ìfv‡e evsjv wjL‡Z cvi‡Zb| Avgiv evsjv d›U
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Ab¨w`K UvBcivBUv‡i|
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wel‡q GKwU wbeÜ cÖKvk Kivi ci XvKvi cÖwZôvb
mywcwiqi B‡jKUªwb· XvKvi wbgœ Av`vj‡Z Avgvi
weiæ‡× GKwU gvbnvwbi gvgjv K‡i| H gvgjvq mvÿx
w`‡Z †M‡j ev`x c‡ÿi DwKj Avgvi Kv‡Q cÖkœ K‡ib,
Kx‡evW© †jAvD‡Ui Avevi KwcivBU wK? welqwU wQ‡jv
Ggb †h Zviv we‡`k †_‡K Kx‡evW© Avg`vbx Kivi
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cÖ_g UvBcivBUvi wb‡q Avm‡Zv| Avwg Zv‡Z ÿzä nB Ges †mB
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49
Avg`vbxKviK mywcwiwqi B‡jKUªwb· `vex K‡i †h, Zviv Avgvi weRq Kx‡ev‡W©i †Kvb KwcivBU f½ Ki‡Qbv| m~Zivs
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B›Uvi‡b‡U ¸Mj/Bqvû †_‡K mvP© K‡i Avgiv cÖvq 1878 mv‡j GB Kx‡evW© †jAvDUwUiB †c‡U›U MÖnY Kiv
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Avwg G wel‡q
(http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bltypewriter.htm) I‡qewj¼ †_‡K Rvbjvg †h, Christopher
Latham Sholes (1819-1890) was a U.S. mechanical engineer who invented the first practical
modern typewriter, patented in 1868. Sholes invented the typewriter with partners S. W.
Soule and G. Glidden, that was manufactured (by Remington Arms Company) in 1873. He
was born on February 14, 1819 in Mooresburg, Pennsylvania, and died on February 17, 1890
in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
g¨vwi †ejm bvgK GKR‡bi †jLv GB wbe‡Ü ¯úóZB ejv nq †h, 1868 mv‡j, GgbwK UvBcivBUvi hš¿wU evRv‡i
Avmvi Av‡MB GKwU Kx‡evW© †jAvDU †c‡U‡›UW nq| GB wbeÜ †_‡K Av‡iv Rvbv hvq †h, GB hš¿wU 1866 mv‡j
Avwe®‹…Z nq Ges cieZ©x cvP eQi Gi bvbv M‡elYv Kiv nq| 1868 mv‡j cÖ_g Avwe®‹v‡ii c¨v‡U›U MÖnY Kivi ci
†mvjm GB h‡š¿i Av‡iv `ywU †c‡U›U MÖnY K‡ib| 1878 mv‡j †h c¨v‡U›UwU MÖnY Kiv nq †mwUB e¯‘Z eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ
Bs‡iRx Kx‡evW©|
Z‡e c¨v‡U›U MÖnYKvix †mvjm wb‡R Lye âh©¨kxj gvbyl wQ‡jb bv Ges wb‡R GB h‡š¿i fwel¨r wb‡q Lye Avkvev`x wQ‡jb
bv| d‡j wZwb GB hš¿wUi c¨v‡U›U †Wbm‡gvi bvgK GK
f`ª‡jv‡Ki Kv‡Q wewµ K‡i †`b| †Wbm‡gvi wbDBq‡K©i
Bwjq‡bi B.†iwgsUb GÛ mÝ bvgK GKwU e›`yK wbg©vZv
cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i †mvjm-wMø‡Wb bv‡gi GKwU
UvBcivBUvi 1874 mv‡j cÖ_g evRv‡i Qv‡ob| wKš‘
†iwgsU‡bi GB g‡WjwU Lye mdj nqwb| GB g‡WjwUi
me‡P‡q eo `ye©jZv wQ‡jv †h G‡Z ïaygvÎ eo nv‡Zi Aÿi
UvBc Kiv †h‡Zv|
GB Kx‡evW©wUi Rb¥ †bqv m¤ú‡K© Lye gRvi DcvL¨vb Av‡Q|
GB UvBcivBUv‡ii †evZvg¸‡jv‡Z cÖ_‡g Bs‡iRx eY©¸‡jv
G, we, wm, wW GB iƒ‡c mvRv‡bv n‡qwQ‡jv| wKš‘ UvBc
Ki‡Z wM‡q †`Lv †M‡jv †h G‡Z UvBcivBUviwU R¨vg n‡q
hvq| GRb¨ eûj eëüZ eY©¸‡jv‡K Qwo‡q wQwU‡q †èvi
cÖ‡qvRb nq| G m¤ú‡K© GKwU wd«Kz‡qwÝ ÷vwW Kiv nq
UvBcivBUv‡ii evwYR¨ mdj GKwU g‡Wj Ges †mB ÷vwWi wfwË‡ZB eZ©gv‡bi †KvqvwU© Kx‡evW© Rb¥
†bq| G m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Kiv nq, ÒThe keyboard
arrangement was considered important
enough to be included on Sholes' patent granted in 1878, some years after the machine was
into production. QWERTY's effect, by reducing those annoying clashes, was to speed up
typing rather than slow it down." (D™¢ve‡bi K‡qK eQi ci †mvj‡mi 1878 mv‡ji c¨v‡U‡›U Kx‡evW© web¨vm
50
ev †jAvDUwU‡K h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡ePbv K‡i AšÍf©z³ Kiv nq| †KvqvwU© Kx‡evW© †jAvDUwU Kvh©Z weiw³Ki msNl©
Kwg‡q UvBc Kivi MwZ
Kgv‡bvi cwie‡Z© evovq)
ejv nq, 1878 mv‡j
evRv‡i Qvov †iwgsU‡bi
wØZxq UvBcivBUvi
g‡WjwU `viæY RbwcÖq
nq| G‡Z cÖ_gev‡ii
g‡Zv wkdU Ges U¨ve
†evZvg hy³ Kiv nq|
wkdU †evgv‡gi mvnv‡h¨
UvBcivBUv‡ii Rb¨ cÖYxZ †evivK Kx‡evW© †jAvDU †QvU nv‡Zi nid UvBc
Kiv m¤¢e nq| U¨ve
†evZvg gvwR©b wVK Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Gici Ab¨vb¨‡ì cÿ †_‡K UvBcivBUv‡ii Kx‡evW© Dbœq‡bi Av‡iv †Póv
Pj‡Z _v‡K| GB mg‡qi gv‡S A‡bK bZzb bZzb Kx‡evW© Rb¥ †bq Ges †m¸‡jv Kx‡evW© AwP‡iB nvwi‡qI hvq| Z‡e
†mB mg‡qi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU Kx‡evW© wb‡q GL‡bve e¨vcK Av‡jvPbv nq| g‡b Kiv nq †h, GB Kx‡evW©wU
†mvj‡mi †KvqvwU© Kx‡ev‡W©i †P‡q A‡bK `ÿ| †mB eûj Av‡jvwPZ Kx‡evW©wUi bvg †evivK (Dvorak) Kx‡evW©|
IqvwksUb ivR¨ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kv‡b©wM dvD‡Ûk‡bi A_©vq‡b cÖ‡dmi AMv÷ †evivK GB Kx‡evW©wU D™¢veb K‡ib| GB
Kx‡evW©wU AwaKZi weÁvbm¤§Z e‡j `vex Kiv nq| G‡Z wd«Kz‡qwÝ G¨vbvjvBwmm A‡bK weÁvbm¤§Z e‡jI `vex Kiv
nq| Kx‡evW©wUi GKwU PgrKvi êwkó¨ n‡jv †h, G‡Z evg nv‡Z ¯îeY© Ges Wvbnv‡Z e¨ÄbeY© i‡q‡Q|
ÒIn the decades following the original Remington, many alternative keyboards came and
went. Then, in 1932, with funds from the Carnegie Foundation, Professor August Dvorak, of
Washington State University, set out to develop the ultimate typewriter keyboard once and
for all.
Dvorak went beyond Blickensderfer in arranging his letters according to frequency. Dvorak's
home row uses all five vowels and the five most common consonants: AOEUIDHTNS. With
the vowels on one side and consonants on the other, a rough typing rhythm would be
established as each hand would tend to alternate.
With the Dvorak keyboard, a typist can type about 400 of the English language's most
common words without ever leaving the home row. The comparable figure on QWERTY is
100. The home row letters on Dvorak do a total of 70% of the work. On QWERTY they do
only 32%.
wKš‘ †miv n‡jB †h mKj wKQz M„wnZ nqbv, Kx‡evW© †h Avm‡j GKwU Af¨v‡mi welq †mwU cÖgvwYZ n‡jv, †KvqvwU©B
`ywbqvi me‡P‡q RbwcÖq Kx‡evW© wn‡m‡e wU‡K _vK‡jv| †evivK Kx‡evW© GKv‡WwgK Av‡jvPbvq _vK‡jI Kv‡Ri †Uwe‡j
Zvi RvqMv n‡jvbv|
UvBcivBUvi Rb¥ †bevi ci †mwU B‡jKwUªK nq| Gici Rb¥ †bq †WwW‡K‡UW IqvW© cÖ‡mmi| Kvjµ‡g Kw¤úDUvi
IqvW© cÖ‡mm‡ii `vwqZ¡ †bq|
Z‡e UvBcivBUvi †nvK, B‡jKwUªK UvBcivBUvi †nvK ev IqvW© cÖ‡mmi †nvK Bs‡iRx †jLvi Rb¨ †mvj‡mi ˆZix †KvqvwU©
Kx‡evW©‡K †KD AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| GgbwK Kw¤úDUv‡i Avmvi ciI †mB kZvãxcÖvPxb Kx‡evW©B gvbyl eënvi
Ki‡Z _v‡K|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii IqvW© cÖ‡mmi

hwÌ 69 mv‡j gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi Avwe®‹…Z nq Ges 71 mv‡j GwU evRv‡i Av‡m Z_vwc GKwU Kvh©Ki evwYwR¨K wcwmi Rb¥
nq 1976 mv‡j-G¨vcj wcwmi ga¨ w`‡q| Z‡e Zv‡Z Lye fv‡jv †Kvb IqvW© cÖ‡mwms mdUIq¨vi wQ‡jvbv| The first
computer word processors were line editors, software-writing aids that allowed a programmer
to make changes in a line of program code. Altair programmer Michael Shrayer decided to
write the manuals for computer programs on the same computers the programs ran on. He
wrote the somewhat popular and the actual first PC word processing program, the Electric
Pencil in 1976. Some other early word processor programs were Apple Write I, Samna III,
51
Word, WordPerfect and Scripsit. G¨vcj eis †¯úªWkxU mdUIq¨vi wfwmK¨vé-Gi Rb¨ A‡bK †ekx cwiwPZ
wQ‡jv| IqvW© cÖ‡mwms m¤ú‡K© cwÐ‡Ziv Ggb msÁv cÖ`vb K‡ib, Ò Word processing can be defined as the
manipulation of computer generated text data including creating, editing, storing, retrieving
and printing a document." GB msÁv Abymv‡i Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨ cÖK…Z IqvW© cÖ‡mm‡ii Rb¥ 1979 mv‡j|
gvB‡µv‡cÖv B›Uvib¨vkbvj bv‡gi GKwU cÖwZôvb H eQi IqvW© ÷vi bv‡gi GKwU IqvW© cÖ‡mmi evRviRvZ K‡i| IqvW©
÷v‡ii Rb¥ m¤ú‡K© ejv nq, Seymour Rubenstein first started developing an early version of a word processor for
the IMSAI 8080 computer when he was director of marketing for IMSAI. He left to start MicroPro International
Inc. in 1978 with only $8,500 in cash. Software programmer Rob Barnaby was convinced to leave IMSAI and
tag along with Rubenstein and MicroPro. Barnaby wrote the 1979 version of WordStar. Jim Fox, Barnaby's
assistant, ported (re-wrote for a different operating system) WordStar from the CP/M operating system to
MS/PC DOS.
Note: The CP/M operating system was developed by Gary Kildall, founder of Digital Research, copywritten in
1976 and released in 1977. MS/PC DOS is the famous operating system introduced by MicroSoft and Bill Gates
in 1981.
IqvW© ÷v‡ii ci IqvW© cvi‡d± RbwcÖq nq| Z‡e †Kvb IqvW© cÖ‡mmiB GgGm IqvW©-Gi mgvb RbwcÖq nqwb|
evsjv gybxi Kx‡evW© I AcwUgv-gybxi UvBcivBUvi

evsjv UvBcivBUvi Ges Kx‡ev‡W©i BwZnvm Lye we¯Í…Z bq| Rvbv hvq †iwgsUb †Kv¤úvbx evsjv UvBcivBUvi evRviRvZ
K‡iwQ‡jv| m¤¢eZ fvi‡Z ev cwðge‡½ GB UvBcivBUvwiU eëüZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡kI `y‡qKRb GwU eënvi K‡i
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AcwUgv-gybxi UvBcivBUvi wn‡m‡e ¯^vaxbZvi ci evRv‡i Av‡m Ges GL‡bv GK‡PwUqvfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Awdm
Av`vj‡Zi UvBcivBUv‡i eëüZ nq| GKB Kx‡evW© †jAvDU AbymiY K‡i c‡i †Mv`‡iR Ges Ab¨vb¨ UvBcivBUvi
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eënvi K‡i| ivR‰bwZK ÿgZvi e‡`Šj‡Z GB Kx‡ev‡W©i cÖ‡YZv Rbve †di‡`Šm †Kv‡ikx GB Kx‡evW©wU‡K evsjv
GKv‡Wgxi Aby‡gv`b cÖ`vb K‡ib| wKš‘ Kvjµ‡g B‡jKwUªK UvBcivBUvi wejyß nq Ges Gi mv‡_ K¨vbb-†`kevsjv
Kx‡evW©I wejyß nq|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨ evsjv Kx‡evW©

1987 mv‡ji 16B †g Kw¤úDUvi eënvi K‡i cÖ_g evsjv cwÎKv mvßvwnK Avb›`cÎ cÖKvwkZ nq| GB cwÎKvq eënvi
Kiv nq fvi‡Z ˆZix ew¼g d›U Ges G‡Z gybxi Kx‡ev‡W©i
GKwU bZzb ms¯‹iY eënvi Kiv nq| hwÌ Gi Av‡M
knx`wjwc bv‡gi GKwU evsjv mdUIq¨vi cÖPwjZ nq, ZeyI
Avb›`cÎ bv‡gi mvßvwnK cwÎKvwU w`‡qB ïiæ nq
Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv cÖKvkbvi bZzb RMZ| knx`wjwc RvZxq
MYgva¨g BbmwUwUDU cÖ_g eënvi K‡i 1986 mv‡j| Z‡e
87 mv‡ji Avb›`c‡Î eëüZ nq ReŸvi Kx‡evW©| GwU
gybxi Kx‡evW©‡K wfwË K‡i ˆZix nq| gybxi Kx‡evW©-Gi `yB
¯Í‡ii Kx‡evW© ReŸvi Kx‡ev‡W© nq Pvi ¯Í‡ii| G‡Z ZLb
djv I hy³vÿi¸‡jv mivmwi UvBc Kivi eë¯’v Kiv nq|
Zvici bvbv bv‡g Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨ A‡bK Kx‡evW©
cÖKvwkZ n‡jI 1988 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤î cÖKvwkZ weRq
Kx‡evW© evsjvi †KvqvwU© Kx‡evW© wn‡m‡e cÖPwjZ nq|
GgbwK evsjv‡`k miKvi `ywU Kx‡evW© †jAvDU cÖwgZ Kivi
ciI weRq-Gi eënvi GL‡bv wbi¼zk| eZ©gv‡b miKv‡ii
†Kvb cÖwgZ Kx‡evW© †bB|
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Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ †h mvßvwnK Avb›`cÎ w`‡q
52
Kw¤úDUvi eënvi K‡i cÖ_g evsjv cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ nq| Z‡e GwU wQ‡jv †gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUv‡ii cÖ‡qvM| †gwK‡›Uv‡m
cÖ_g G¨vcj Kw¤úDUv‡ii g¨vKivBU w`‡q IqvW© cÖ‡mwms Kiv n‡Zv| Gici †mwU †cR‡gKvi bvgK †cR †j AvDU
mdUIq¨vi w`‡q wcÖ›U †`qv n‡Zv| g¨vKivB‡U Kjvg Kivi my‡hvM wQ‡jvbv e‡j cwÎKv cÖKv‡ki myweav wQ‡jvbv| c‡i Gg
Gm IqvW© g¨vKivB‡Ui RvqMv `Lj K‡i| ej‡Z †M‡j GL‡bv IqvW© Zvi wk‡ivcv AÿzYœ †i‡L‡Q| H mg‡q wcwm‡Z Wm
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÷v‡ii RvqMv `Lj K‡i IqvW© cvi‡d±| GwU `viæY RbwcÖq nq| Z‡e IqvW© ÷vi ev IqvW© cvi‡d± w`‡q evsjv IqvW©
cÖ‡mwms Kiv †h‡Zvbv| Ab¨w`‡K wcwm‡Z IqvW© cÖ‡mwms-Gi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ ZLb evRv‡i Av‡m Aven, Awbe©vY
BZ¨vw` IqvW© cÖ‡mmi| Z‡e †mme G¨vwcø‡Kkb w`‡q †jRviivBUvi gv‡bi d›U wcÖ›U †`qv †h‡Zvbv e‡j †ckv`vi
cÖKvkbvq wcwm eëüZ n‡Zvbv| DB‡ÛvR 3.1/3.11 Ges weRq 3.0 bv Avmv ch©šÍ †ckv`vix cÖKvkbvi KvRwU
GK‡PwUqvfv‡e †gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUv‡ii `L‡j wQ‡jv| 1993 mv‡ji 26 gvP© weRq 3.0 AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| Gici Kvjµ‡g
W‡mi RvqMvq DB‡ÛvR cÖPwjZ nq Ges GgGm IqvW© wcwmi IqvW© cÖ‡mwms-Gi RvqMv `Lj K‡i| eZ©gvb Ae¯’v n‡jv,
IqvW© cÖ‡mwms Kivi Rb¨ GgGm IqvW©-Gi †Kvb Kvh©Ki weKí †bB| GwU †gwK‡›Uvm ev DB‡ÛvR Dfq cøvUdi‡g
mgfv‡e RbwcÖq Ges Kvh©Ki| GKgvÎ wjbv‡· I‡cbAwdm eëüZ nq|
DB‡ÛvR I.Gm-G GLb IqvW© 2010 Ges †gwK‡›Uvm I.Gm-G GLb IqvW© 2011 cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| GB `ywU ms¯‹iY
Avm‡j GKB B›Uvi‡dm eënvi K‡i| `ywUB BDwb‡KvW mg_©b K‡i|
IqvW© 2003 w`‡q evsjv IqvW© cÖ‡mwms

Gg Gm IqvW© w`‡q evsjv IqvW© cÖ‡mwms Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb cÖ_‡gB Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g Ges GgGm IqvW© BÝUj K‡i
†b‡eb| Gi cvkvcvwk weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi (Avgiv weRq GKz‡k mycvwik KiwQ) BÝUj Ki‡eb| weRq BÝUj Kivi ci
hw` Avcwb IqvW© 2003 Ly‡jb Z‡e Avcbvi mvg‡b IqvW© Gi †PnvivUv n‡e Av‡Mi cvZvi QweUvi g‡Zv| Avgiv IqvW©
BÝUj Kiv Qvov Avgv‡ì Kw¤úDUv‡i weRq BÝUj K‡iwQ| Gi mv‡_ G‡Wvwe G¨v‡µvevU BÝUj K‡iwQ| Avcwb jÿ¨
Ki‡eb †h, Gi d‡j Iqv‡W© wZbwU bZzb †gby hy³ n‡q‡Q| GKwU weRq Ges Ab¨ `ywU G¨v‡µvevU msµvšÍ| weRq †gby‡Z
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BZ¨vw` wfD †`Lvi Rb¨ c¨vivMÖvd, Kjvg, †U·U Iqv‡W©i †mUAvc Ki‡Z
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Ges IqvW© eÜ Kivi Rb¨ a‡i GB eviwU‡K Wv‡b ev
eëüZ n‡q _v‡K| ev‡g miv‡bv hvq|
Av‡Q weRq GKz‡k KbfvU©vi| GQvov Avcwb †gbyev‡ii Dc‡i weRq GKz‡k evi †`L‡Z cv‡”Qb| †h‡Kvb G¨vwcø‡Kk‡bB GB
53
eviwU ILv‡b _vK‡e| Z‡e Gi Ae¯’vb Wv‡b ev ev‡g miv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| weRq †jLvi evg cv‡k Kvm©i wb‡q gvDm
†evZvg †P‡c a‡i G‡K miv‡bv hvq|
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2007 G¨vwcø‡KkbwU cy‡ivcywi Kv÷gvBRW Kiv hvq| d‡j Avcbv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e Avcwb wKfv‡e †mB G¨vwcø‡KkbwU
eënvi Ki‡Z Pvb| Avcbvi cQ›`g‡Zv †mwU‡K mvwR‡q wb‡q ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡ib IqvW© cÖ‡mwms|
Avgv‡ì Av‡Mi ms¯‹iY¸‡jv BÝUj Kivi ci Avcbv‡K IqvW© Gi †ek wKQz †mUAvc Ki‡Z n‡Zv| wKš‘ weRq GKz‡k
2007 ms¯‹iY †mUAvc Kivi ci Avcbv‡K Kvh©Z IqvW© Gi †Kvb †mUAvc Ki‡Z n‡ebv|
Z‡e Avcwb hw` †`‡Lb †h, Avcbvi Iqv‡W© †ek wKQz mgm¨v i‡qB †M‡Q, †hgb Avcwb UvBc Ki‡jb ÔiÕ, A_P †¯úm
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GwU nq‡Zv Avcwb jÿ¨ K‡ibwb †h, IqvW© eënvi Kivi
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cv‡ib| wie‡bi bx‡Pi mvwi‡Z ÷vBj evQvB Kivi e·
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mvBR evQvB Kivi e· Av‡Q| Gici Av‡Q d›U‡K †evì-
BUvwiK-AvÛvijvBb Kivi KgvÛ| Gici Avcwb cv‡eb

G¨vjvBb‡g›U evQvB Kivi KgvÛ| wie‡bi GB mvwiwUi Dc‡i
Av‡Q A‡bK¸‡jv AvBKb| GB AvBKb¸‡jv IqvW© cÖ‡mwms-Gi
kvR Kivi Rb¨ LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq| Gm‡ei mvnv‡h¨ bZzb dvBj,
dvBj I‡cb, wcÖ›U, †mf, wcÖwfI, †¯úwjs GÛ MÖvgvi, KvU,
Kwc, †c÷, AvÛz, nvBcvi wj¼, †Uwej, eW©vi, Kjvg, WªBs
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Kivi Rb¨ mvaviYfv‡e †hme d›U eënvi Ki‡eb BDwb‡KvW
†gv‡W Zvi PvB‡Z wfbœ d›U eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †hgb aiæb
GKwU WKz‡g‡›U Avcwb Bs‡iRxi Rb¨ eënvi Ki‡jb UvBgm
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eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb myZš^xIGg‡R|
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Kb‡WÝWI Ki‡Z cv‡ib| dvBj †gbyi KgvÛ¸‡jv| Z‡e Gi mv‡_ evowZ
Gi mv‡_ Av‡Q †U·U G‡d±m U¨ve| †mLv‡b †U·-Gi Rb¨ hy³ n‡jv mv¤úªwZK WKz‡g›U¸‡jvi ZvwjKv|
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cÖ‡mwmsI Ki‡eb| ïay d›U wm‡j± Kivi mgq evsjv Ges Bs‡iRx evQvB Ki‡eb|
Aek¨ Avcwb hw` BDwb‡KvW ev †Mvì †gvW eënvi K‡ib Z‡e GKB d›U w`‡qB evsjv Bs‡iRx IqvW© cÖ‡mwms Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
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IqvW© 2007: Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î
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weMZ GK `k‡Ki gv‡S †Kvb Gwcø‡Kk‡bi Rb¨B Zviv G‡Zv †ekx Avc‡WU Gi Av‡M K‡iwb| Kvh©Z cÖvq Qq eQ‡ii
K‡Vvi kª‡gi dmj n‡jv Awdm 2007| G‡Z e¨vcK bZzbZ¡ _vK‡ebv-†mUv †Kgb K‡i nq|
gvB‡µvmd‡Ui fvl¨ Abyhvqx, 2005 mv‡ji 16 b‡f¤î Awdm 12-Gi cÖ_g †eUv ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| b‡f¤î
2006‡Z Gi IBGg ms¯‹iY Ges 2007 mv‡ji ïiæ‡Z Gi cvewjK ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq| GB mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj
Kivi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i Kgc‡ÿ `yB wMMvevBU RvqMvi GKwU nvW©wW¯‹ cvwU©kb ìKvi nq| 512 †gMvnvU©R MwZi
cÖ‡mm‡i 256 Ggwe i¨vg _vK‡j GwU KvR Ki‡e e‡j gvB‡µvmdU Rvwb‡q‡Q|
Avgiv Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î wM‡q †`Ljvg GKUz wfbœ wPÎ| gvB‡µvmd‡Ui XvKv Awdm †_‡K Awdm 2007 (†eUv ms¯‹iY-2)-Gi
GKwU wWwfwW cvevi ci Avgiv `ywU †cbwUqvg-4 Wzqvj †Kvi cÖ‡mm‡ii Kw¤úDUv‡i Lye mn‡RB BÝUj Ki‡Z cvijvg|
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Kjvg, †eªK, jvBb bv¤^vi, nvB‡d‡bkb, IqvUvi gvK©, †cR Kvjvi, †cR eW©vi, Bb‡W›U, †¯úwms GjvBb‡g›U BZ¨vw`
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IqvW© 2007-Gi BDRvi B›Uvi‡d‡mi Av‡iv GKwU bZzbZ¡ n‡jv M¨vjvwi| G‡Z WKz‡g›U ÷vBj, WKz‡g›U UvB‡Uj †cR
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cÖ‡mwms Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB ai‡bi my‡hvM gvB‡µvmdU IqvK©m Ges wcÖ›Ukc mdUIq¨v‡i †ek Av‡M †_‡KB we`¨gvb
wQ‡jv| gvB‡µvmdU IqvW© 2007-G bZzb hy³ n‡”Q jvBf wcÖwfD| GB Ack‡bi mnvqZvq †Kvb KvR Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_
ev Av‡M eënviKvix wcÖwfD †`L‡Z cvq| Gi d‡j eënviKvixi c‡ÿ ZvrÿwYK wm×všÍ †bqv mnR nq| GB myweavwU
Dc‡ii Qwe‡Z BbmvU© U¨ve †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †kcm, †c‡Rm, gvwëwkcm, U¨vejm, †nWvi-dzUvi, †U·U, wj¼m
wm¤^jm BZ¨vw` MÖæc Ges GBme MÖæ‡ci wewfbœ AvBKb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU MÖæ‡cB †`Lv hv‡”Q bvbv Ackb|
A‡bKUv d‡Uvkc, †Kv‡ij d‡Uv †cB‡›Ui g‡Zv|

IqvW© 2007-Gi Av‡iv GKwU êwkó¨ n‡jv wgwb Uzjevi| hLbB eënviKvix †Kvb †U·U evQvB K‡i ZLb †m Lye
cÖ‡qvRbxq wKQz digvwUs Ackb cvq GB wgwb Uzjev‡ii mnvqZvq| IqvW©-2007-Gi PgrKvi GKwU êwkó¨ n‡jv
¯§vU©AvU©| 115wU ¯§vU© AvU© †U‡¤úøU wn‡m‡e eënvi Kivi myweav Av‡Q BbmvU© U¨v‡e| GQvov Av‡Q AwZ PgrKvi wKQz
MÖvwd· G‡d±m|
IqvW©-2007-Gi dvBj digvU e`‡j‡Q| GLb †_‡K bZzb GKwU G· eY© Iqv‡W©i dvB‡ji G·‡Ubk‡bi mv‡_ hy³
Dc‡i IqvW© 2007-Gi †eUv ms¯‹iY 2-Gi †nvg U¨ve I wieb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q | GB mdUIq¨v‡ii †eUv ms¯‹iY-
1-G †nvg U¨vewU ivBU U¨ve wn‡m‡e wQ‡jv| wKš‘ †eUv-2†Z †nvg U¨ve _vKvq Avgiv GB wiebwUB †`Lvjvg|
eënviKvix cÖwZwU U¨v‡eB Ggb wieb †c‡Z cv‡ib| wZwb B‡”Q Ki‡j U¨ve hy³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib, wieb mvRv‡Z cv‡ib
ev wieb-Gi Ae¯’vb e`jv‡Z cv‡ib|
nq| GwU Avm‡j G·GgGj digv‡Ui cÖZxK| GB digv‡U Iqv‡W©i WKz‡g›U mvBR kZKiv 70 fvM K‡g hvq| GQvov
IqvW© GLb mivmwi wcwWGd digvU mg_©b K‡i|
Iqv‡W© evsjvq IqvW© cÖ‡mwms

Avgiv cixÿv K‡i †`‡LwQ DB‡Ûv‡Ri IqvW© 2007- I 2010-G Avgv‡ì weRq GKz‡k, weRq evqv‡bœv I weRq GKvËi
AwZ PgrKvifv‡e KvR K‡i| †gwK‡›Uv‡mi 2011 ms¯‹i‡YI weRq GKvËi PgrKvifv‡e KvR K‡i|
IqvW© 2003-G Avgv‡ì †h weRq †gby cvIqv †h‡Zv †mwU IqvW© 2007-Gi GWBÝ †gby‡Z cvIqv hvq| IqvW© 2007-
Gi me‡P‡q eo myweav n‡jv G‡Z evsjv BDwb‡KvW cwic~Y©fv‡e mg_©b K‡i| †hLv‡b IqvW© 2003-G i¨ve, i¨vU BZ¨vw`
BDwb‡Kv‡W †iLv hvqbv †mLv‡b 2007-G †Kvb mgm¨v QvovB †jLv hvq|
Awdm 2007-Gi Ab¨vb¨ G¨vwcø‡Kk‡b BDwb‡KvW-Gi evsjv msL¨v¸‡jvI KvR K‡i| d‡j Zv‡Z WvUv‡eR-wnmve-wbKvk
BZ¨vw` Kiv hvq|
56
DB‡Ûv‡Ri I‡cb Awdm
mviv `ywbqvi DB‡ÛvR eënviKvix‡ì Rb¨ I‡cb Awdm bv‡gi GKwU mdUIq¨vi i‡q‡Q| GwU gvB‡µvmdU Awdm-Gi
weKí| Z‡e Avgv‡ì †`‡k †hfv‡e Awdm-Gi
cvB‡i‡UW Kwc eënvi Kiv nq GwU †miKg
cvB‡i‡UW Kwc wn‡m‡e eënvi Kivi ìKvi
†bB| GB mdUIq¨viwU GKwU I‡cb †mvm©
mdUIq¨vi| I‡cb †mvm© mdUIq¨vi gv‡b
n‡jv, GwU †h †KD êafv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z
cv‡i-GRb¨ †Kvb jvB‡mÝ wdm cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
nqbv| Z‡e B‡”Q Ki‡j Avcwb GB cÖK‡íi
Rb¨ `vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GwU †¯^”QvK…Z `vb-
GRb¨ Kv‡iv Kvb evaëvaKZv †bB| †h †KD
B‡”Q Ki‡j GwU mivmwi WvDb‡jvWI K‡i
wb‡Z cv‡ib| AvcwbI B‡”Q Ki‡j GwU †Kej
eënvi bq, weZiYI Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi
eÜzevÜe-AvZ¥xq¯^Rb †h †KD GwU Avcbvi
KvQ †_‡K wb‡q BÝUj Ki‡Z cv‡i ev eënvi
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
DB‡ÛvR-Gi Rb¨ cÖYxZ I‡cb Awdm-Gi GB
ms¯^KiYwU Avgiv Avgv‡ì weRq GKz‡k myeY© -
Gi mv‡_ cixÿv K‡i †`‡LwQ †h Avgv‡ì
mdUIq¨vi Zv‡Z AwZ PgrKvifv‡e KvR K‡i|
evsjv IqvW© cÖ‡mwms Ki‡Z G‡Z †Zgb †Kvb
Amyweav †bB| AšÍZ Avgiv †Kvb Amyweavq
cwowb| eis gvB‡µvmdU Awdm 2003 ev Zvi
Av‡Mi †Kvb ms¯‹iY w`‡q evsjv BDwb‡KvW
wjL‡Z (†gb i¨ve-gh©v`v BZ¨vwì `ywU ev
†KvbwU wVKg‡Zv †jLv hvqbv) †hme Amyweav
nq I‡cb Awd‡m †mme AmyweavI †bB| Kvh©Z
gvB‡µvmdU Awdm 2007-G Gme Amyweav
`~i Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Avgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì
we‡ePbvq A‡b‡Ki c‡ÿB Awdm 2007 Lye mn‡R eënvi
Kiv m¤¢e n‡ebv| mwZ¨ K_v n‡jv, Avgiv I‡cb Awd‡mi
mnR mij B›Uvi‡dmUv‡K cQ›` K‡iwQ|
†h‡nZz GB mdUIq¨viwU w`‡q gvB‡µvmdU Iqv‡W©i
WKz‡g›U †Lvjv hvq Ges GB mdUIq¨v‡ii WKz‡g›U
GgGm Iqv‡W© †Lvjv hvq †m‡nZz GwU eënvi Ki‡Z †Kvb
mgm¨vI nqbv| Dciš‘ GwU eënvi K‡i cvB‡iwmi
Acev` †_‡K evPv hvq|
Ic‡b Awdm BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb cÖ_‡g Aek¨B
DB‡ÛvR G·wc BÝUj K‡i wbb| Gici Avgv‡ì wmwWi
DBb I‡cb Awdm 3.0 †dvìviwU I‡cb K‡i †mLv‡b
we`¨gvb BÝUjviwU‡Z wK¬K Kiæb| Avcbvi mvg‡b Dc‡ii cÖ_g c`©vwU Avm‡e| Gici †b·U †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j wKQzUv
mgq c‡i Avcwb c‡ii msjvc NiwU cv‡eb| GLv‡b Avcwb Avbc¨vK †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡eb| GB KgvÛ †èvi ci
Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii †W¯‹U‡c GKwU BÝUjvi †dvìvi ˆZix n‡e| ILv‡b BÝUjvi Zvi dvBj¸‡jv Rgv ivL‡e Ges
†mLvb †_‡K Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i GB mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj n‡e|
57
Gici Avcwb BÝUjv‡ii wb‡`©k
Abymv‡i GwU BÝUj Ki‡Z
_vK‡eb| jvB‡mÝ wel‡q m¤§wZ
w`‡Z ejv n‡j ZLb Avcwb
m¤§wZI †`‡eb| GK ch©v‡q
Avcbvi mvg‡b †&KwU msjvc Ni
Avm‡e hv‡Z Avcbv‡K ejv n‡e
†h Avcwb GgGm IqvW©, G‡·j
ev cvIqvi c‡q‡›Ui WKz‡g›U
I‡cb Awd‡m mivmwi Lyj‡Z Pvb
wKbv| Avcwb hw` mPiviPi
IqvW© eënvi bv K‡ib Ges
I‡cb AwdmB eënvi K‡ib
Z‡e GB AckbwU‡Z wUK wPý
envj ivL‡eb| wKš‘ Avcwb hw`
Gg Gm IqvW© †ekxi fvM mg‡q
eënvi K‡ib ev Iqv‡W©i
WKz‡g›U Iqv‡W©B Lyj‡Z Pvb Z‡e
wUK wPý Zz‡j †`‡eb|
I‡cb Awdm w`‡q IqvW©
mwVKfv‡e evsjv UvBc Ki‡Z
cvivi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K Av‡iv `ywU
KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| Avcwb hw`
evsjv d›U‡K Bs‡iRx bv‡g
†`L‡Z Pvb Z‡e Uzjm †gbyi
AckÝ evQvB K‡i wfI (bx‡Pi
Qwe) evQvB Kiæb| †mLvb †_‡K
†kv wcÖwfI Ae d›Um †_‡K
wUKwPý Zz‡j w`b| Avcwb hw` evsjv BDwb‡KvW eënvi Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e GKB †gby †_‡K j¨v½y‡qR †mwUs evQvB K‡i
†mKvb †_‡K j¨vs¸‡q‡Rm evQvB K‡i wmwUGj Gi RvqMvq †e½wj evsjv‡`k evQvB Kiæb| I‡q÷vb© Gi RvqMvq Bswjk
ivLyb|
evsjv †jLvi mgm¨v I mgvavb

1) mgm¨v: DB‡Ûv‡R weRq evqv‡bœv, weRq GKz‡k, weRq GKvËi mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kiv Kw¤úDUv‡i cyiv‡bv weRq (weRq 99,
2000, 2001, 2003) w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv dvBj I‡cb Ki‡j Aÿi †f‡½ hvq|
mgvavb: weRq Gi 99, 2000, 2001, 2003 ms¯‹i‡Yi SutonnyMJ d›U- Gi †KvW Ges weRq 2004- Gi, K¬vwmK,
evqv‡bœv, GKz‡k, GKvËi- Gi SutonnyMJ d‡›Ui †KvW GK bq| d‡j Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i bZzb ms¯‹i‡Yi d›U
_vK‡j cyiv‡bv dvB‡j wKQz Aÿi mwVK †`Lv‡ebv| GKBfv‡e bZzb ms¯‹i‡Yi dvBj cyiv‡bv ms¯‹i‡Y mwVK †`Lv‡ebv|
AbyMÖn K‡i †h ms¯‹i‡Yi weRq †mB ms¯‹i‡Yi d›U eënvi Kiæb| cÖ_‡g cyiv‡bv d›U d›U †dvìvi †_‡K wWwjU Kiæb|
Kw¤úDUvi wi÷vU© Kiæb I c‡i bZzb mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kiæb|
2) mgm¨v: weRq Gi bZzb ms¯‹iYmg~n †hgb- evqv‡bœv, GKz‡k I GKvËi BÝUj Kivi ci šÍ, ¯Í,ÿ, o&M †jLv hvqbv|
mgvavb: Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i bZzb ms¯‹i‡Yi weRq BÝUj n‡jI d›U¸‡jv cyiv‡bv| Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii d›U †dvìvi
†_‡K cyiv‡bv MJ d›U ¸‡jv Delete K‡i bZzb ms¯‹i‡Yi weRq Avevi BÝUj Kiæb| GK b¤î mgm¨vi mgvavb †`Lyb|
3) mgm¨v; weRq - Gi (2003 ch©šÍ) cyiv‡bv dvBj weRq evqv‡bœv, GKz‡k ev GKvËi- Gi eënvi Ki‡ev †Kgb K‡i?
mgvavb: weRq KbfvU©vi w`‡q Bijoy 2000 to Classic ev Bijoy 2003 to Classic KgvÛ w`‡q KbfvU© Kiæb|
4) mgm¨v: SutonnyMJ d‡›U cvIqvi c‡q‡›U h djv I × Bs‡iRx n‡q hvq|
58
mgvavb: weRq GKvËi- G Sutonny71MJ d›U Ges GKvËi d›U I weRq Kx‡evW© eënvi Kiæb| Avgv‡ì bZzb d‡›Ui
mv‡_ Awdm 2007 mdUIq¨vi eënvi Kiæb| GLb Gfv‡e SutonnyMJ d›UI eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GQvovI
SutonnyOMJ, Nikosh ev Vrinda d›U eënvi K‡i Bijoy Unicode eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5) mgm¨v: BDwb‡KvW c×wZ‡Z †jLvi mgq i¨ I h©-Gi †Kvb GKwU e`‡j hvq|
mgvavb: DB‡ÛvR 7/8 Ges Awdm 2013 eënvi Kiæb|
6) mgm¨v: BDwb‡KvW-G †id †jLv hvqbv|
mgvavb: cÖ_‡g i Gici wR I Zvici eY© UvBc Kiæb|
7) mgm¨v: weRq †KvW †_‡K BDwb‡KvW Ges BDwb‡KvW †_‡K weRq †Kv‡W iƒcvšÍi Ki‡ev †Kgb K‡i?
mgvavb: KbfvU©vi eënvi Kiæb| DB‡Ûv‡Ri weRq GKvËi/ †cÖv mdUIq¨v‡ii mv‡_ KbfvU©vi Av‡Q|
8) mgm¨v: B›Uvi‡b‡U †gBj-‡dmey‡K evsjv †jL‡ev †Kgb K‡i?
mgvavb: weRq BDwb‡KvW Kx‡evW© evQvB K‡i wjL‡Z _vKzb| †Kvb d›U evQvB Kivi ìKvi †bB|
9) mgm¨v: gvB‡µvmdU Iqv‡W© AvmwK †Kv‡W SutonnyMJ d‡›U i wjL‡j I n‡q hvq|
mgvavb: weRq IqvW©i A‡Uv Kv‡iKkb Ad K‡i w`b|
59

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1

evsjv kã web¨vm I weRq wb‡`©wkKv

†gav¯^Ë¡ msµvšÍ mZK©xKiY weÁwß:

†jLK, KwcivBU I ¯^Ë¡vwaKvix

†gwK‡›Uvm Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ weRq GKvËi:

weRq GÛª‡qW: Gfv‡e GÛª‡qW-Gi Rb¨ weRq BÝUj Kiæb

evsjvwjwc, Kx‡evW© Ges Gb‡KvwWs

weRq - evsjv mdUIq¨v‡ii Rb¨ wK ai‡bi Kw¤úDUvi `iKvi

weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kivi cÖ¯‘wZ

weRq evqv‡bœv DB‡ÛvR BÝUj Kiv

weRq GKvËi/†cÖv DB‡ÛvR BÝUj

Windows Installer Ges .NET Framework Bb÷‡jk‡bi ci Avcbvi mvg‡b weRq

weRq GKz‡k DB‡ÛvR Bb÷j:

Windows Installer Ges .NET Framework

weRq B›Uvi‡bU DB‡ÛvR BÝUj Kiv

weRq KbfvU©vi BÝUj Kiv

weRq UvBc wUDUi, K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi I K¬vwmK Awfavb BÝUj

weRq AvbBÝUj/ wi‡gvf

weRq KbfvU©vi e¨envi

weRq Ges BDwb‡KvW-Gi dvBj KbfvU©

weRq K¬vwmK KbfvU©vi-Gi e¨envi

weRq Gi evbvb ïw×KiY

weRq UvBc wUDUi e¨envi

weRq Kx‡evW©-G UvBc Kivi mnR wbqgvejx

evsjv‡`k Ges fvi‡Zi Kx‡evW© Abyhvqx

Kb‡WÝW I G·cvÛ d›U

gvB‡µvmdU IqvW©-Gi wewfbœ Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ wewfbœ ms¯‹iY

Bs‡iRx †KvqvwU© Kx‡evW© I UvBcivBUvi

Kw¤úDUv‡ii IqvW© cÖ‡mmi

evsjv gybxi Kx‡evW© I AcwUgv-gybxi UvBcivBUvi

Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨ evsjv Kx‡evW©

evsjv eY©web¨vm I cÖ_g hy‡Mi G¨vwcø‡Kkbmg~n

IqvW© 2003 w`‡q evsjv IqvW© cÖ‡mwms

†Uwej msµvšÍ Kv‡Ri

wfD †gby †nWvi dzUvi

dvBj †gby mPiviPi

BUvwiK-AvÛvijvBb Kivi KgvÛ| Gici Avcwb cv‡eb

A‡bKUv d‡Uvkc, †Kv‡ij d‡Uv †cB‡›Ui g‡Zv|

Iqv‡W© evsjvq IqvW© cÖ‡mwms

evsjv †jLvi mgm¨v I mgvavb

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