UCSP

Kinship
Relationship between any entities that share a genealogical origin through
biological, cultural, or historical descent.

Kinship Patterns

- A network of people who are related by blood or social practice

- Kinship is a means by which a society can socialize children and transmit culture
from one generation to the next.
Functions

- provides continuity between generations

- defines a group on whom a person can rely for aid

- acts as a regulator of social life.

- assigns guidelines for interactions between persons. It defines proper,

acceptable role relationships.
Kinship by Blood (descent)

Descent: the socially existing recognized biological relationships between people

in the society.

Unilenial

descent based on links through paternal or maternal line; forms non-overlapping

descent groups that perpetuate themselves over time even though membership
change.

Tracing an individuals descent either through the father or mother side but never
both.
Matrilineal

the family relatives on the mother side provide greater support, exert greater
influence, and predominantly impose its norms on the family

Patrilineal

the family relatives on the father side provide greater support, exert greater
influence, and predominantly impose its norms on the family
Bilateral

the family relatives on both mother and father side provide support, exert
influence, and impose its norms on the family on more or less equal terms
Kinship by Marriaqe
Marriages are of different types across the world. Types of weddings are not to be
confused with types of marriages, as weddings can be of different type as per the
community even if the type of marriage is Monogamous. Forms of marriage are
also culturally f=driven and different types of marriage of the world are prevalent
amont variant societies. The types of marriage in sociology are as listed and
explained below.
• Marriage

Two individuals involved in a socially approved relationship.

• Intimate, mutual long-term obligations.

• Fulfilled customary, ceremonial, or legal requirements.

Polygyny

• It is a form of marriage in which one man marries more than one woman at a
given time. It is of two types- Sororal polygyny and non sororal polygyny.
1. Sororal polygyny

• it is a type of marriage in which the wives are invariably the sisters. It is often
called sororate.

2. Non-sororal polygyny

• it is a type of marriage in which the wives are not related as sisters.

Polyandry

• It is the marriage of one woman with more than one man. It is less than
polygyny. It is of two types- Fraternal and Non- fraternal polyandry.
1. Fraternal Polyandry

• When several brothers share the same wife the practice can be called alelphic or
fraternal polyandry. This practice of being mate, actual and potential to one's
husband brothers is called levirate. It is prevalent among today.

2. Non- fraternal Polyandry

• In this type the husband need to have any close relationship prior to the
marriage. The wife goes to spend some time with each husband. So long as a
woman lives with one of her husbands; the others have no claim over her
Monogamy

• It is a form of marriage in which one man marries one woman. It is the most
common and acceptable form of marriage.

I. Serial monogamy

• In many societies individuals are permitted to marry again often on the death
of the first spouse or after divorce but they cannot have more than one spouse at
one and at the same time.
2. Straight monogamy.

• In this, remarriage is not allowed.

Group Marriage

• It means the marriage of two or more women with two or more men. Here the
husbands are common husbands and wives are common wives. Children are
regarded as the children of the entire group as a whole.
Kinship by Ritual

• a type of fictive kinship created ritually to forge bonds between people who are
not literally related (i.e the institution of "compadrazgo" or "godparents" in general)

• Confraternities were the most common form of organized religious life in early
modern Europe. They were at once the lay face at the church, the spiritual heart of
civic engagement of government, and the social kin who claimed the allegiance of
peers and the obedience of subordinates.
Family and Household
Family

Refers to socially defined kinship structure or set of relationships between at least

two people related by birth, marriage, blood relationship, or adoption.

+ Organizational Structure

• Nuclear- the family constitutes of the father and mother with child/ children

• Extended- it is the stretched-out organization of the family that constitutes the

nuclear family and its relatives living and functioning together as a unit.

• Polygynous- the family constitutes of a father with two or more mothers and
their children.
• Polyndrous- the family constitutes of a mother with two or more fathers and
their children.

• Single-parent. The family constitutes of a single parent, either a father or a

mother with child/children.

+ Authority Base

• Patriarchal. The father plays the dominant role in having supremacy and
predominant influence in managing the family. In the absence of the father, eldest
male family members of the nearest and most senior male relative takes charge.
• Matriarchal. The other plays the dominant role in having role in the supremacy
and predominant influence over in managing the family. In the absence of the
mother, the eldest female family members or the nearest and most senior female
relative take charge.

• Egalitarian- both father and mother are involved in more or less equal power
sharing and exercise of influence in managing the family.

+ Residential Arrangement

• Neolocal- the customary practice of living independently from the relatives

whose domicile is fixed away from the extended family.
• Patrilocal- the customary arrangement whereby a married couple is expected
tp take up residence with relatives of the father side.

• Matrilocal- the customary arrangement whereby a marred couple is expected

to take up residence with relatives of the mother side.

• Bilocal- the customary arrangement whereby a married couple is free to take

up residence with relatives of either the mother or father side.
Kinship by Politics
Kinship politics is commonly found in tribal found in tribal societies across the
world kin genealogy is applied to determine the system of communal leadership. It
is the traditional pattern of bequeathing political power among family members

Political Dynasty

• Lineage of heredity succession to an essentially same position. Family

members follow one another to the position. A ruler in a dynasty is sometimes
referred to as a "dynast," but this term is also used to describe any member of a
reigning family who retains succession rights to a throne.
Political Alliance

• Referred to as a political coalition or political bloc

• An agreement for cooperation between different political parties on common

political agenda, often for purposes of contesting an election to mutually benefit by
collectively clearing election threshold, or otherwise benefiting from characteristics
of the voting system or for govemment formation after elections.

• A coalition government is formed when a political alliance comes to power, or

when only a plurality (not a majority) has not been reached and several parties
must work together to govern.