A U S T R A L IA N

9
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athem a tic s
M New South Wales
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5.1– 5.3
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Alan McSeveny
Rob Conway
Steve Wilkes
 Train a child in the way he should go, and
when he is old he will not turn from it.
Proverbs 22:6
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Printed in China
National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry
Author: McSeveny, A. (Alan)
Pa

Title: Australian signpost mathematics. 9 (5.1-5.3) New South Wales

student book / Alan McSeveny,
Rob Conway, Steve Wilkes.
ISBN: 9781486005314 (pbk.)
Target Audience: For secondary school age.
Subjects: Mathematics--Textbooks.
Other Authors/Contributors: Conway, Rob.Wilkes, Steve.
Dewey Number: 510

Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd ABN 40 004 245 943

CONTENTS
Features of Australian Signpost Mathematics vi 3:05 Factorising using common factors 64
Treatment of syllabus content x 3:06 Binomial products 66
Digital resources xvi 3:07 Special products 68
Metric equivalents xviii 3:07A Perfect squares 68
The language of mathematics xix Investigation 3:07 The square of a binomial 69
ID Card 1 (Metric units) xix 3:07B Difference of two squares 70
ID Card 2 (Symbols) xix 3:08 Miscellaneous examples 71
ID Card 3 (Language) xx Challenge 3:08 Patterns in products 72
ID Card 4 (Language) xxi Investigation 3:08 Using special
ID Card 5 (Language) xxii products in arithmetic 73
ID Card 6 (Language) xxiii Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 74
Algebra card xxiv
Chapter 4 Probability 79

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Chapter 1 Number and 4:01 The language of probability 80
measurement 1 Investigation 4:01 Rolling dice 83
4:02 Experimental probability 83
1:01 Review of earlier work 2
Investigation 4:02 Tossing a coin 87

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Fun spot 1:01 What was the Prime
Minister’s name in 1998? 3 GeoGebra activity 4:02 Rolling a single
1:02 Rational numbers 4 dice a large number of times 88
4:03 Theoretical probability 88
1:03 Recurring decimals 6
1:04 Ratios and rates 8 Investigation 4:03 Chance experiments 93
4:04 Mutually and non-mutually exclusive events 94
1:05 Significant figures 12
Pr
Investigation 1:05 A truck driver’s memories 15 Investigation 4:04 Chance happenings 97
4:05 Using diagrams and tables 98
1:06 Approximations 16
1:07 Estimation 20 Fun Spot 4:05 What are Dewey decimals? 100
4:06 Two-step chance experiments 101
1:08 Using scientific notation 22
1:09 Units of measurement 24 Investigation 4:06 Two-step
1:10 Accuracy of measurements 27 chance experiments 106
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Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 31 Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 107

Chapter 2 Working Chapter 5 Area, surface area

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mathematically 36 and volume 112

2:01 Solving routine problems 37 5:01 Area of composite figures 113
GeoGebra activity 5:01A Area formulas 113
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2:02 Solving non-routine problems 40

2:03 Using Venn Diagrams 44 GeoGebra activity 5:01B Area of
Fun spot 2:03 What type of breakfast composite figures 118
takes an hour to finish? 47 Fun spot 5:01 Why is it so noisy at tennis? 118
Investigation 2:03 The Syracuse algorithm 47 Investigation 5:01 Covering floors 119
5:02 Surface area of a prism 120
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 47
GeoGebra activity 5:02 Surface area
Chapter 3 Algebra 52 of a rectangular prism 125
5:03 Surface area of a cylinder 125
3:01 Simplifying algebraic expressions 53
Fun spot 5:03 How did the boy know he
3:02 Algebraic fractions 55
had an affinity with the sea? 130
3:02A Addition and subtraction 55
5:04 Surface area of composite solids 131
Fun spot 3:02A Try this maths-word puzzle 56
Investigation 5:04 Truncated cubes 134
3:02B Multiplication and division 57
5:05 Volume of prisms, cylinders and
3:03 Simplifying expressions with grouping symbols 59
composite solids 135
Fun spot 3:03 What is taken off last
GeoGebra activity 5:05 Volume of a prism 139
before you get into bed? 61
Investigation 5:05 Perimeter, area and volume 140
3:04 Further algebraic fractions 62
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 141
Challenge 3:04 These are a fraction trickier! 63

Contents iii
 Chapter 6 Indices 146 8:05 Spending money 234
8:06 Ways of paying 243
6:01 Indices and the index laws 147
Fun spot 8:06 The puzzle of the missing dollar 248
Investigation 6:01 Exploring index notation 151
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 249
Challenge 6:01 Family trees 151
6:02 Negative indices 152 Chapter 9 Coordinate geometry 255
6:03 Fractional indices 155
Fun spot 6:03 Why is a room full of 9:01 The distance between two points 256
married people always empty? 158 9:02 The midpoint of an interval 260
Investigation 6:03 Reasoning with 9:03 The gradient of an interval 263
fractional indices 158 GeoGebra activity 9:03 The midpoint,
6:04 Scientific (or standard) notation 159 gradient and length of an interval 268
Investigation 6:04 Multiplying and Investigation 9:03 Gradients and building 268
9:04 Graphing straight lines 269
dividing by powers of 10 159
6:05 Scientific notation and the calculator 162 GeoGebra activity 9:04 Graphing lines
Investigation 6:05 Using scientific notation 164 using two points 273
6:06 Conversions using scientific notation 165 Fun spot 9:04 What is the easiest job
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 167 in a watch factory? 274

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9:05 The gradient-intercept form of a straight line:
Chapter 7 Equations, y " mx  b 275
Investigation 9:05 What does
inequalities and formulas 172 y " mx  b tell us? 275

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7:01 Equivalent equations 173 GeoGebra activity 9:05 Equations of a line 280
GeoGebra activity 7:01 Equations with 9:06 The equation of a straight line, given point
pronumerals on both sides 176 and gradient 281
7:02 Equations with grouping symbols 176 9:07 The equation of a straight line, given
GeoGebra activity 7:02 Equations with two points 283
grouping symbols 178
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Fun spot 9:07 Why did the banana go
Fun spot 7:02 If I have 7 apples in one out with a fig? 286
hand and 4 in the other, what have I got? 178 9:08 Non-linear graphs 287
7:03 Equations with fractions (1) 179 GeoGebra activity 9:08 Non-linear graphs 290
Fun spot 7:03 Who holds up submarines? 181 Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 290
7:04 Equations with fractions (2) 181
Challenge 7:04 Equations with pronumerals Chapter 10 Simultaneous
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in the denominator 183 equations 297

7:05 Solving problems using equations 184
10:01 The graphical method of solution 298
Fun spot 7:06 Who ‘dunnit’? 190
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7:06 Inequalities 191 GeoGebra activity 10:01 Simultaneous

Investigation 7:06 Operating on inequalities 192 equations: The graphical method 302
7:07 Formulas: Evaluating the subject 195 Fun Spot 10:01 What did the book say
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Investigation 7:07 Spreadsheet formulas 198 to the librarian? 302

10:02 The algebraic method of solution 303
7:08 Formulas: Equations arising from
10:02A Substitution method 303
substitution 199
7:09 Solving literal equations (1) 202 GeoGebra activity 10:02A Simultaneous
7:10 Solving literal equations (2) 204 equations: The substitution method 305
10:02B Elimination method 306
7:11 Solving problems with formulas 207
Fun spot 7:11 Why are cooks cruel? 210 GeoGebra activity 10:02B Simultaneous
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 211 equations: The elimination method 308
10:03 Using simultaneous equations to
Chapter 8 Financial mathematics 217 solve problems 309
Investigation 10:03 Solving problems by
8:01 Earning money 218
‘guess and check’ 311
8:02 Extra payments 222
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 312
8:03 Wage deductions 226
8:04 Income tax 229
Investigation 8:04 Income tax returns 232
Fun spot 8:04 What is brought to the table,
cut, but never eaten? 233

iv Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.3

Chapter 11 Similarity 316 13:06 Finding an unknown angle 396
GeoGebra activity 13:06 Using the trig
11:01 Similar figures 317
ratios to find an angle 398
GeoGebra activity 11:01 Similarity 321
13:07 Simplifying algebraic fractions:
Investigation 11:01 Drawing enlargements
Multiplication and division 399
and reductions 321
13:08 Three-dimensional problems 404
11:02 Finding unknown sides of similar figures 322
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 407
Investigation 11:02 Photo enlargements 326
11:03 Similar triangles 327 Chapter 14 Statistics 412
11:03A Matching angles 327
14:01 Review of statistics 413
11:03B Ratios of matching sides 329
GeoGebra activity 11:03 Similar triangles 333 Investigation 14:01 Adding and averaging 421
14:02 Cumulative frequency 422
11:04 Using proportion to find unknown sides 334
14:03 Measures of spread: Interquartile range 432
GeoGebra activity 11:04 Finding an
unknown side in similar triangles 338 Fun spot 14:03 Why did the robber flee
11:05 Scale drawings 339 from the music store? 437
14:04 Box plots 438
11:05A Calculating real sizes from a
scale drawing 340 Investigation 14:04 Code breaking

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11:05B Making a scale drawing 342 and statistics 441
14:05 Comparing sets of data 442
Fun spot 11:05 What happened to the
mushroom that was double parked? 345 Investigation 14:05 The ageing population 448
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 346 Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 449

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Chapter 12 Factorising algebraic Chapter 15 Proportion 457
15:01 Review of rates 458
expressions 352 15:02 Direct proportion 461
12:01 Factorising using common factors: A review 353 15:03 Graphing direct proportion 466
12:02 Factorising by grouping in pairs 354
Pr
Investigation 15:03 Proportional ups
12:03 Factorising using the difference of two squares 356 and downs! 470
Challenge 12:03 The difference of 15:04 Inverse proportion 471
two cubes 357 Investigation 15:04 Graphing inverse
12:04 Factorising quadratic trinomials 358 proportion 475
Fun spot 12:04 How much logic do you have? 359 Fun spot 15:04 How do poets write
12:05 Factorising further quadratic trinomials 360 upside down? 476
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12:06 Factorising: Miscellaneous types 364 15:05 Distance–time graphs 476

Fun spot 12:06 What did the caterpillar 15:05A Linear graphs: A review 476
say when it saw the butterfly? 365 15:05B Non-linear graphs 482
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12:07 Simplifying algebraic fractions: Challenge 15:05 Rolling down an

Multiplication and division 366 inclined plane 487
12:08 Addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions 369
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15:06 Relating graphs to physical phenomena 488

Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 372 Challenge 15:06 Curves and stopping
distances 496
Chapter 13 Trigonometry 377 Fun spot 15:06 What do you call a
13:01 Right-angled triangles 378 snowman in the sun? 497
13:02 Similar right-angled triangles: the ratio of sides 380 Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 498
GeoGebra activity 13:02 Investigating
the ratio of sides of similar right-angled Answers 505
triangles 382
13:03 Trigonometric ratios 383
13:04 Trig ratios and the calculator 387
Investigation 13:04 The exact values for
the trig ratios 30°, 60° and 45° 390
13:05 Finding an unknown side 391
GeoGebra activity 13:05 Using the trig
ratios to find a side 395

Contents v
Australian
Signpost Mathematics
New South Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.3
The Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales series has been completely updated to comprehensively cover
the NSW Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum. Students and teachers are supported with a Student Book, an eBook, a
Homework Program and a Teacher Companion for each stage of development. Features within each component, along with
additional resources on the eBook, allow the creation of a personalised learning package for the individual. Improvements in

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technology, teaching resources and design allow students and teachers to approach the NSW Syllabus with confidence.

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Student Book Homework Program Teacher Companion

The Australian Signpost Mathematics New The Homework Program consists of The Teacher Companion is an invaluable
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South Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.2 and
Australian Signpost Mathematics New
South Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.3 learning
package addresses Stage 5 of the NSW
Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum.
This new series continues the Signpost
tradition of expanding students’ ability
in a broad range of mathematical skills
while emphasising problem-solving and
working mathematically.
tear-out worksheets that mirror and
supplement the content of the student
book, providing opportunity for further
practice and application of key skills.
resource that provides guidance and
support to teachers using the Australian
Signpost Mathematics New South
Wales package. It is a practical resource
featuring teaching strategies, activities,
reference to Stage 5 outcomes and
content statements, and links to digital
learning materials.
 fs
Pearson eBook 3.0
Any device, every school

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Australian Signpost Mathematics New South
Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.3 eBook 3.0 lets you use
the Student Book online or offline on any
device. It allows students to independently
work through each exercise, linking to a
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range of technological applications designed
specifically for Signpost users. The eBook
will engage students while consolidating
learning and providing opportunities for
increased depth of understanding.

PearsonDigital
e

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Access your content at pearsonplaces.com.au.
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We believe in learning.
All kinds of learning for all kinds of people,
delivered in a personal style.
Because wherever learning flourishes, so do people.
 HOW TO USE THE STUDENT BOOK
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378 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.3

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K
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Chapter opener pages

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ALGEBRA 3
summarise the key content GEOGEBRA ACTIVITY 5:06 VOLUME OF A PRISM
Click and drag points to change the cross-sectional shape of a prism and then calculate the GeoGebra activities
volume of the prism. Tick a checkbox to check the answer.
Can you crack the code, Mr. X?

and present the content

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provide a deeper
Contents
3:01 Addition and subtraction in algebra Investigation 3:05 Checking algebraic
statements addressed in understanding of concepts
3:02 Multiplication in algebra simplification by substitution
MATHS
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Number and Algebra
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area
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classroom.

5:05 Volume of prisms, cylinders

and composite solids
Prep quizzes review 10 a If
x
10
= cos60° , find the value of x.

b If a " 3 sin 40°  4 cos 30°, find the value of a correct to 3 decimal places.
Investigations
c By substituting values for A and B, find if sin A  sin B " sin (A  B).
PREP QUIZ 5:05
T pprism shown has been made from layers
The
Each cube has a volume of 1 cm3.
1 How many cubess are there
y of cubes.

th in each layer?
la
3
important skills and d If sin A " 21 and sin B " 13 find A  B.
e Jim thinks that if you double the size of an angle you double its sine, that is
sin 2A " 2 w sin A. Is Jim correct?

INVESTIGATION 13:04 THE EXACT VALUES FOR THE TRIG RATIOS encourage students to seek
2 How
ow many layers are
re there?
there
h 30s, 60s AND 45s

knowledge that students

3
3 Calculate
latee the volume of the prism
m by
b cou
counting
ounting cubes. )ABC is an equilateral triangle of side 2 units. AD is perpendicular to BC. A
5

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4 H
How
o could the answers to Questions
ons
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calculate the volume? 2 Using Pythagoras’ theorem, calculate the length of AD as a surd.
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o bread is like a 2 2
5 The cross-sectional area, A, has been

5:05 Volume of
prism. Itt ca
can be thought of 3 Now, from )ABD, write the values of sin, cos and tan for 30°
shaded purple. What is the value of A? as a se
series
erie of identical 60°..
and 60 60s
layers of equal volume. B D C

will need to complete

6 What is the height, h, of the prism? )DEF F is a right-angled isosceles triangle. The two equal si
sid es are
sides
7 What is the value of Ah? 1 unit in length.

research skills. The

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F 4 WWhyhy is “EDF F equal to 45°?
4
8 Are the answers to Questions 1 and 5 the same?
am
me? b If a " 3 5sin 40°  4 cos 30°,susurd find
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mee?
e?
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e??
c By substituting
1
Wh iis the length of DF
What
as a surd?
values for A and
6 Write the values of sin 45°,
If sin A "cos2145°and 1

PREP QUIZ 5:05

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prisms and cylinders, the following relationships are true.
ue..
withith

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1
2
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1
2
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2 1
3 1
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c be calculated. 1 3 45s "
T prism shown
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in each layer) mbla
w (number
num
mber r of
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l 60s
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2
cos 30s "
2 45s
coss 45
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1
1
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n 45s
tan

opportunities for students

1
Each cube has
Volumea" (area
volume of A)1 wcm
of cross-section, (height. of prism,
m, h)
rism
m, tan 60s " 3, tan 30s "
3
It is the second of these methods that is the most widely
delly applicable.
wide applica
ap abl
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The volume of all prisms, cylinders
inde
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rss and
an
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la
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he fo
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rmul
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" Ah there?

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s-se
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ectio
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ti the
A " cross-sectional
tion
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al area
nal are
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th prism
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n many
m
nchess of
branches o
4 How could the answers to Questions sci
cience.
science.
5 Area, surface area and volume 135 3 Now, from )ABD, write the value
l l h l ? Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages
and 60°.
)DEF is a right-angled isosceles trian
ess 5
5.1
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.1–
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viii Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.3

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For each event given here, write the complementary

a Rolling an odd number on a dice.

b Getting a tail when a coin is tossed.
c Rolling a number less than 6 on a dice.
HORIZONTALAXIS  d Drawing a spade from a standard pack of cards.

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e Seeing red displayed on a traffic light that is working.
f Winning a soccer match.
g Choosing a vowel from the letters of the alphabet. What is the
complement
of winning?

inclined plane
15 Proportion 487 94
alternative exercises for
Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.2

consolidation of the fundamental content

of the work being introduced. Challenge

fs
FUN SPOT 5:03 HOW DID THE BOY KNOW HE HAD AN AFFINITY WITH
THE SEA? Fun spots provide
worksheets help students apply their learning
Answer each question and write the letter for that question in the box above the correct answer.
A 72  62 E 52  12 2 H 92  42
20  10 20 w 10

amusement and interest

T 132  52 H A
5 5
Complete the following.
2
W 3š5 m " … cm A 20 000 m " … ha

in more advanced activities.

E 0š7 cm " … mm H 8700 kg " … t
N 0š07 L " … mL T 0š5 min " … s
C 1t " …g D 1 g " … mg

while reinforcing concepts

I 1 cm2 " … mm2 E 2 cm3 " … mm3
A rectangular prism has dimensions of 3, 4 and 5. Calculate the area of each pentagon below.
E What is the volume of the prism?
H I
W What is the surface area of the prism?
2
Figures A, B and C have been formed by cutting

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4
rectangular pieces from a rectangle that is 3
30 cm long and 18 cm wide.
Find the perimeter of:
O Figure A
T Figure B
Find the area of:
E Figure A
S Figure B M
4

3
3

learnt within the chapter.

Pearson digital resources
W Figure C V Figure C
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134 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.2
mathematics is enjoyable. to complement the content presented in the
Pr
student book. Digital resources include
activities, appendices, and Foundation and
DIAGNOSTIC TEST 5
D AREA, SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME
Th questions reflect the important skills introduced in this chapter.
These Diagnostic tests at
Challenge worksheets. From the eBook,
Errors made will indicate areas of weakness.
Each weakness should be treated by going back to the section listed.

the end of each chapter

1 Find the area of each of the following figures. 5:01
a b c
5 cm 6 cm
O

students can also link directly to the

12 cm 25 cm
8 cm

2 Find the area of each of the following composite figures. 5:02

test students’ achievement

(Where necessary, answer correct to two decimal places.)
a 2m b c 5m

2m
8m

GeoGebra activities referred to in the

2m 4m
10 cm

8m

3 Calculate the surface area of the following

a b
followin
wingg prisms.
2·1
2·1 m
c
6 cm
5:03

of outcomes. Importantly,
e

5 cm
4·6 m

student book exercises.

7·3 m
4 cm 12 cm

2 cm 6c
cm

they also indicate student

3 cm
m

4 Calculate the surface areas of these cylinders.

ers.
s. 5:04
a b c 1·2 m

DIAGNOSTIC TEST 5
D AR
3·6 m

T
These questions reflect the important ski
Errors made will indicate areas of weakn
Find the volume of the following rectangular prisms.

Each weakness should be treated by goin

ms.
s.
c
6·5 m
5:05

weaknesses that need to

g

8·2 m
8·2 m

1 Find the
a
5 cm
area
Find the volumeof each
of the oftriangular
following the prisms.
followin
b
c

8·6 cm
m
7·7
7·7ccm

11·4 cm
11·
1
14·6 cm
5:05

be addressed and provide 15 A marquee is in the shape of

a pentagonal prism. Use the
dimensions shown to calculate the surface
area. (There is no floor.)

Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Waless 9 St

12 cm
SStages
tag
agges
es 5
5.1–5.2
.1–5
5.2
links to the relevant 3m

11 m
2·4 m

16 m

2 Find the area of each of the followin

Pa

(Where necessary, answer correct to

a b sections in the text or GEOGEBRA ACTIVITY 5:02 SURFACE AREA OF A RECTANGULAR PRISM
Use a 3D view and the net of a prism to calculate its surface area. Tick a checkbox to show the
solution. Click and drag points to change the dimensions of the prism.

digital resources.

ASSIGNMENT 3B

mathematical term for:

a 1 b 2
Working mathematically
1 Use ID Card 4 on page xvii to give the

c 3
4 The numerals 1 to 10 are written on ten
separate cards, one on each card.
a How many pairs of cards have a sum
Assignments are 5:03 Surface area of a cylinder
In all of the solids encountered so far the faces have been plane figures such as squares, rectangles,
triangles and trapeziums.
d 4 e 5 f 6 of 10?
g 7
j 11
h 8

2 a What geometric
shape has inspired
the design of this
i 9 b How many groups of three cards are
there that have a sum of 18?
5 A particular country’s exports are shown in
the bar graph below (reduced in size). Find
what percentage of the country’s exports
provided at the end With the cylinder, this is no longer the case. The cylinder’s surface area is made up of a curved
surface and two circles.

coffee cup? are taken up by:

b What would you estimate the capacity
of the cup to be?
3 Diane and Garry married and had three
children. Each child married and had three
children. Assuming that no one has died,
a beef
b minerals.

minerals
wheat beef wool
of each chapter. They Cylinders are like
‘circular prisms’.

how many people are now in this extended 5 mm

4 cm

concentrate on revising
10 cm or 100 mm
family altogether?

6 Education of children, ages 5 to 14

Can read and write
Cannot read

9
5 Area, surface area and volume 125
the content of previous
8
’000 per 10 000 children

7
6
5
4
3
1861 1921
1861 1921 2
1861 1921 1
NSW 1861 1921
Vic 0
1861 1921

chapters and developing

Qld
SA 1861 1921
Source: 1861 and 1921 Censuses WA
Tas
a In 1861, which state had the greatest number per 10 000 children that could read and
write? What percentage was this?
b In 1921, which state had the greatest percentage of children that could read and write?
What percentage was this?
c Which state had 4000 per 10 000 children that could read and write in 1861? About how The eBook and ProductLink aims to create
many in that state could not read in 1861?
d Consider Western Australia in 1861. Approximately what percentage could read and write?
Approximately what percentage could not read? (To determine this, measure the height of students’ ability to work
this column and measure this height on the scale.)

a classroom environment that embraces

3 Algebra 81
mathematically.
mathematical technologies in a way that
consolidates and extends student learning.

How to use the Student Book ix

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 COPIED FROM ASM 9 (5.2) SB

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Digital resources xvii

 Metric equivalents
Length Months of the year
30 days each has September,
1 m " 1000 mm
April, June and November.
" 100 cm
All the rest have 31, except February alone,
" 10 dm
Which has 28 days clear and 29 each leap year.
1 cm " 10 mm
1 km " 1000 m Seasons
Summer: December, January, February
Area
Autumn: March, April, May
1 m2 " 10 000 cm2 Winter: June, July, August
1 ha " 10 000 m2 Spring: September, October, November
1 km2 " 100 ha

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Mass
1 kg " 1000 g It is important

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1 t " 1000 kg that you learn
1 g " 1000 mg these facts
Volume off by
heart.
1 m3 " 1 000 000 cm3
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" 1000 dm3
1 L " 1000 mL
1 kL " 1000 L
1 m3 " 1 kL
1 cm3 " 1 mL
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1000 cm3 " 1 L

Time
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1 min " 60 s
1 h " 60 min
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1 day " 24 h
1 year " 365 days
1 leap year " 366 days

xviii Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.3

The language of mathematics
You should regularly test your knowledge by identifying the items on each card.
ID Card 1 (Metric units) ID Card 2 (Symbols)
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
m dm cm mm " Ƀ or ~ | !

5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8
km m2 cm2 km2 f ! # v

9 10 11 12 9 10 11 12

fs
ha m3 cm3 s 42 43 2 3 2

13 14 15 16 13 14 15 16

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min h m/s km/h aa } aaa

17 18 19 20 17 18 19 20
g mg kg t % A e.g. i.e.
Pr
21 22 23 24 21 22 23 24
L mL kL sC S 8 x P(E )
e

For answers see page 505. For answers see page 505.
g
Pa

See ‘Maths Terms’

at the end of
each chapter.

ID Cards xix
 ID Card 3 (Language)
1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

fs
9 10 11 12

All sides
different
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Pr
13 14 15 16
g e

17 18 19 20
Pa

21 22 23 24

For answers see page 505.

xx Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.3


1 2
A
..........................................
ID Card 4 (Language)
3 4
B
B B
A
A
A
.......................................... .......................................... ..........................................

5 6 7 8
S
R
A C B
Q –4 –2 0 2 4

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..........................................

.................... points C is the .................... .......................................... ..........................................

9 10 11 12

oo
B
B

A C
A C one angle greater A, B and C are
Pr
all angles less than 90s one angle 90s than 90s ............ of the triangle.

13 14 15 16
B A B B
bs bs

as
e

A C cs as
C A C D
Use the vertices BC is the ............ of
g

to name the ). the right-angled ). as  bs  cs " ............ “BCD " ............

17 18 19 20
Pa

bs
cs
as bs
as
Which (a) as ! bs as
ds
is true? (b) as " bs
as  bs  cs  ds " .... (c) as # bs as " .................... Angle sum " ....................
21 22 23 24 C
C B D
O A
A B F
O E
Name of distance O AB is a .....................................
AB is a .................... around the circle. CD is an ................................
OC is a ..................... .......................................... s.......................................... EF is a ......................................

For answers see page 505.

ID Cards xxi
 ID Card 5 (Language)
1 2 3 4

v..........................................
.................... lines .................... lines h.......................................... .................... lines
5 6 7 8
A
(between
(less 90° and 180°)
than
(90°)
90°)
B
C

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angle .................... .................... angle .................... angle .................... angle
9 10 11 12

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(360°)
(180°) (between
180° and
360°)
Pr
.................... angle .................... angle ............................................... .................... angles
13 14 15 16
a°  b° " 90° a° " b°
a°  b° " 180° b°
a° c°
a° b°
e

d°
a° a° b°
b°
g

.................... angles .................... angles .................... angles as  bs  cs  ds " ....

17 18 19 20
Pa

a° " b° a° = b° a°  b° " 180°

b° a° a°
b° b°
a°

............................................... .................... angles .................... angles .................... angles

21 22 23 24 C
C
C A

E D A B
A B

D A B
B C D
b.................... an interval b.................... an angle “CAB " ................. CD is p................. to AB.

For answers see page 505.

xxii Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.3

 ID Card 6 (Language)
1 2 3 4

CE
C............ E............
BCE
B............ C............ E............
am pm
a.................... m.................... p.................... m....................
AD BC means means
A............ D............ B............ C............ b.................... m.................... a.................... m....................
5 6 7 8
100 m
100 m

fs
area is 1 .................... r.................... shapes .................... of a cube c....................-s....................
9 10 11 12

oo
Pr
f.................... v.................... e................... axes of ....................
13 14 15 16
g e

r.................... t.................... r.................... t....................

17 4 18 Cars sold 19 Money collected 20 Money collected
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3 Mon Mon 70
Tues Tues
Dollars

2 50
Wed Wed
1 30
Thurs Thurs
0 Fri Fri
A B C D E F 10
stands for $10
The c.................... M T W T F

of the dot are E2. t.................... p.................... graph c.................... graph

21 100 John’s height 22 Use of time 23 24 Smoking
Length of life

80 People present
60 Hobbies
Adults

Sleep
Boys
Girls

40
20
School Home
1 2 3 4 5 Cigarettes smoked
Age (years)
l.................... graph s.................... graph b.................... graph s.................... d....................

For answers see page 506.

ID Cards xxiii
 Algebra card
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
1 2m x x
1 3 2š1 m 3m 5m2 5x 3x  x2 x  3 2x  1 3x  8
4 3 6 2
1 m x x
2 1 0š4 4m 2m 2m3 3x  5x 2
x7 x  6 4x  2 x  1
8 4 3 4
1 m 2x 2x
3 5 0š8 10m  5m 8m5 10x  8x x5 x  5 6x  2 x  5
3 4 7 5
1 3m x x
4 2 1š5 8m  7m 6m2 15x 4x4  x1 x  9 3x  3 2x  4
20 2 10 5
3 m 2x x
5 8 2š5 2m  10m m2 7x 2x3 x8 x  2 3x  8 3x  1

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5 5 3 3
2 3m 2x 3 x
6 10 0š7 5m  6m 9m3 9x  x2 x4 x  7 3x  1 x  7
7 7 5 5

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3 m 5x 2x
7 6 1š2 8m  9m 2m6 6x 5x2 x6 x1 x  8 2x  5
8 6 6 3
9 2m 3x x
8 12 0š5 20m 4m 3m3 12x 4x3  x  10 x  8 5x  2 x  10
20 5 4 7
3 3m 3x 5 3x
Pr
9 7 0š1 5m 10m m7 5x  3x  x2 x  5 2x  4 2x  4
4 5 7 7
7 4m x 2 x
10 5 0š6 9m  7m 8m4 3x  7x5 x1 x  7 5x  4 x  7
10 5 6 9
1 m x x
11 11 1š8 7m 8m 4m 4x x3 x9 x  6 2x  7 x  6
10 5 5 3
e

2 m 3x x
12 4 1š4 3m 12m 7m2 7x  x10 x  3 x  10 2x  3 2x  3
5 3 4 6
g

How to use this card

Pa

As an example, if the instruction given for the Algebra card is ‘Column D  Column F’ then you
would write answers for the following problems.
1 m  (3m) 2 (4m)  2m 3 10m  (5m) 4 (8m)  7m
5 2m  10m 6 (5m)  (6m) 7 8m  9m 8 20m  (4m)
9 5m  (10m) 10 (9m)  (7m) 11 (7m)  (8m) 12 3m  12m

xxiv Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.1–5.3