MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS (ME4113)

Semester: Fall-2018 Session: 2015

Credit Hours: 3(Theory)+1 (Lab)=4 Prerequisites: Engineering Mechanics
(Statics and Dynamics)
Mechanics of Materials
Mechanics of machines
Engineering Mathematics
Instructor: Khurram Hameed Office Hours: 8:00pm to 5:00pm (Monday to
Friday)
Contact : Room NE09 Email: khurram.hameed@me.uol.edu.pk
Extension : 1513
Lecture Days: Class Room:
Tuesday 09:00 AM – 11:00 AM NE-02
Wednesday 09:00 AM – 11:00 AM NE-02
01:00 PM – 03:00 PM NE-01
Thursday 09:00 AM – 10:00 AM NE-01
10:00 AM – 11:00 AM NE-01
01:00 PM – 02:00 PM NE-01

MULTIMEDIA SUPPORT

 Power point presentations

 Technical Clips/ animations/ videos on the topics
 Engineering Softwares

TEACHING METHODOLOGY

 Lecturing
 Tutorial sessions
 Assignments
 Discussions

COURSE OBJECTIVE
At the end of this course, the student will

1) fully understand and appreciate the importance of vibrations in mechanical design of

machine parts that operate in vibratory conditions
2) learn how to treat the vibration phenomena by transforming the physical model into a
mathematical model
3) formulate mathematical models of problems in vibrations using Newton's second law or
energy principles
4) be able to make free and forced vibration analysis of linear engineering systems
5) determine a complete solution to mechanical vibration problems using mathematical or
numerical techniques
6) develop the ability to find the dynamics response and analyze this response
7) determine physical and design interpretations from the results
8) learn techniques of vibration isolation and vibration measurement

COURSE OUTLINE

1. INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS

a) Fundamentals of Mechanical Vibrations, Degrees of Freedom

b) Discrete and Continuous Systems, SHM, Vibration Analysis Procedure
c) Elements of Vibrating Systems
d) Modeling of Mechanical Systems

2. SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS - FREE VIBRATORY SYSTEMS

a) Free Vibration of Single Degree of Freedom Systems (SDOF)

b) Newton’s Method, Energy Method, Rayleigh’s Method, Holzer’s Method
c) Viscously Damped Free Vibration
d) Logarithmic Decrement, Springs and dampers in Combination

3. SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS – FORCED VIBRATORY SYSTEMS

a) Forced Vibration of Single Degree of Freedom Systems (SDOF)

b) Forced Harmonic Vibration, Vibration due to Rotating Unbalance
c) Base Excitation, Energy Dissipation by Damping
d) Whirling of Rotating shafts

4. SYSTEMS WITH TWO DEGREES OF FREEDOM

e) The Normal Mode Analysis, Free Vibration Analysis of an Undamped Systems

f) Coordinate Coupling, Free Vibration Analysis of Damped systems
g) Forced Harmonic Vibration of an Undamped Systems
a) Forced Harmonic Vibration of Damped Systems

5. TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS AND VIBRATIONS OF ELASTIC BODIES

a) Vibration of Rigid and Elastic Bodies

b) Torsional Vibration
c) Free and Forced Vibration of Cables and Uniform Bars
d) Free and Forced Lateral Vibrations of Simply Supported Thin Beams
e) Torsional Vibration of Circular Shafts with Single Rotor and Two Rotors
h) Critical Speed of Rotating Shafts
 6. VIBRATION MEASUREMENT, ISOLATION AND CONTROL

a) Vibration Measurement
b) Vibration Isolation and Control
c) Vibration Testing
d) Electrical Analogy

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1) S. Graham Kelly, Mechanical Vibration; Theory & Applications, CENGAGE Learning, 2012
2) Singiresu S. Rao, Mechanical Vibrations, 6th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2016
3) S. Graham Kelly, Fundamentals of Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 2000
4) Daniel J. Inman, Mechanical Vibrations, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, 2015
5) William J. Palm, Mechanical Vibrations, John Wiley and Sons, 2007

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:

Sr. No CLO Statement Domain Taxonomy Level PLO

USE different techniques to model vibrating systems for
1 Cognitive C3 1
one/two/multi Degree of Freedom.
ANALYZE the physical parameters involved in natural
2 frequency and system response to free and forced (harmonic) Cognitive C4 2
inputs.
APPLY vibrations concept to solve problems related to
3 engineering structures and mechanical systems under dynamic Cognitive C3 3
conditions.
DISCUSS basic knowledge of mechanical vibrations and
4 Cognitive C2 1
translate it to experiments performed in lab
PERFORM experiments on different types of equipment
5 related to the vibration phenomenon and compare the results Psychomotor P5 4
with theoretical outcomes
SHOW concern and positive attitude towards discipline, team
6 Affective A3 8
work and instructions
 MAPPING OF COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES

CLO1 CLO2 CLO3 CLO4 CLO5 Total

1. Engineering Knowledge 4 4
2. Problem Analysis 36.2 36.2
3. Design / Development of Solutions 39.8 39.8
4. Investigation 16 16
5. Modern Tool Usage
6. The Engineer and Society
7. Environment and Sustainability
8. Ethics 4 4
9. Individual and Teamwork
10. Communication
11. Project Management
12. Lifelong Learning
TOTAL 4 36.2 39.8 16 4 100
 MAPPING OF DETAILED WEEKWISE LECTURE PLAN AND COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

CLO
WEEK TOPICS
1 2 3 4 5
INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS
Introduction To Mechanical Vibrations, Importance of the Study of
Vibration, Vibration for Good, Harmful Effects of Vibration, Vibration
Testing, Fundamentals of Mechanical Vibrations, Elementary Parts of
Vibrating Systems, Degree Of Freedom with Practical Examples, Discrete
and Continuous Systems, Discrete or Lumped Parameter System,
Continuous or Distributed Parameter System, Classification of Vibration,
1 √
Free and Forced Vibration, Undamped and Damped Vibration, Linear and
Nonlinear Vibration, Deterministic and Random Vibration, Vibration
Analysis Procedure, Mathematical Modeling, Problem Identification,
Assumptions, Basic Laws Of Nature, Constitutive Equations, Geometric
Constraints, Diagrams, Mathematical Solution, Physical Interpretation of
Mathematical Results
Generalized Coordinates, Modeling of Mechanical Systems, Vibration
Model of a Forging Hammer, Vibration Model of a Motorcycle, Vibration
Model of an Automobile, Vibration Model of Heavy Machinery,
Vibration Model of A Human Body, Spring Elements, Linear Spring,
Torsional Spring, Helical Coil Springs, Elastic Elements as Springs,
2 Spring Constant of Elastic Elements, Spring Constant of a Rod, Spring √
Constant of a Simply Supported Beam, Spring Constant of a Cantilever
Beam, Torsional Spring Constant of a Shaft, Springs in Combination,
Damping Elements, Coulomb Or Dry Friction Damping, Material Or
Solid Or Hysteretic Damping, Viscous Damping, Dashpot, Combination
of Dampers

SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS - FREE VIBRATORY SYSTEMS

Vibrations of Single Degree of Freedom System, Free Vibration of Single

3 Degree of Freedom System, Undamped Free Vibration, Development of √ √
Equation of Motion for Undamped Free Vibration and its Solution,
Graphical Representation of Undamped Free Vibration, Response of an
 Undamped System Exhibiting Free Vibrations
Important Terms Relating to Vibrations, Natural Circular Frequency,
Natural Frequency, Time Period, Amplitude of Response, Phase Angle,
Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration of Vibrating System, Undamped
Free Vibrations of a Simple Pendulum
Undamped Free Vibrations of an Automobile During Light Collision,
Equilibrium Position as Reference, Vibrations of a Large Cement Bucket
Suspended from a Crane by an Elastic Cable, Vibrations of a One Story
4 Building, Vibrations of a Simply Supported Long Pine Board, Vibrations √ √
of a Truck on Weighing Scale, Damped Free Vibrations of Particles,
Equation of Motion for Damped free Vibrations, Solution for Damped
free Vibrations, Damping Factor, Damping Ratio
Categories of Damped System, Overdamped System, Critically Damped
System, Underdamped System, Damped Natural Frequency, Damped
Time Period, Vibrations of a Moving Car Colliding With a Rigid Barrier,
Vibrations of Automobile Suspension System, Determination of Damping
5 √ √ √
by Experiment, Logarithmic Decrement, Vibrations of a Loaded Railroad
Car, Interesting Fact Related to Mechanical Vibrations (Landing on an
Aircraft Carrier), Design of Underdamped Shock Absorber for a
Motorcycle
SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS – FORCED VIBRATORY
SYSTEMS
Forced Vibration of Single Degree of Freedom System, Harmonic
Excitation, Base Excitation, Undamped Forced Vibration of SDOF
Systems, Development of Equation of Motion for Undamped Forced
Vibration, Solution for Undamped Forced Vibration, Complementary
6 Solution for Undamped Forced Vibration, Particular Solution for √ √
Undamped Forced Vibration, Graphical Representation of Undamped
Forced Vibration, Response of an Undamped System Exhibiting Forced
Vibrations, Transient Response, Steady State Response, Amplitude of
Steady State Response
Magnification Factor for Undamped Forced Vibration, Resonance,
Phenomenon of Beating, Vibration of Floor System Caused by a Person
Running on The Floor, Vibration of an Engine Mounted on a Foundation
Block, Vibration of a Small Trailer Moving over a Curvy Road, Damped
7 Forced Vibrations of SDOF Systems, Equation of Motion for Damped √ √
Forced Vibrations, Solution for Damped Forced Vibrations,
Complementary Solution for Damped Forced Vibration, Particular
Solution for Damped Forced Vibration, Over Damped Forced Vibration,
Under Damped Forced Vibration, Critically Damped Forced Vibration,
 Magnification Factor for Damped Forced Vibration, Vibration Analysis
of a Rocket
Vibrations Due to Rotating Unbalance, Vibration Analysis of an
Unbalanced Rotating Machine, Vibration Analysis of Motor Mounted on
8 Undamped Platform, Vibration Analysis of Aircraft Wing Due to √ √ √
Unbalanced Engine, Vibration Analysis of Motor Mounted on Damped
Platform

MID TERM EXAMINATION

Response Due to Harmonic Excitation of Support, Displacement

Transmissibility, Acceleration Transmissibility, Force Transmissibility,
9 Mechanisms Used to Produce Harmonic Base Excitations, Vibration √ √
Analysis of Motorbike Traveling Over Sinusoidal Terrain, Vibration
Analysis of Aircraft After Landing, Undamped Free Torsional Vibrations
SYSTEMS WITH TWO DEGREES OF FREEDOM
Introduction to the Vibration of Multi Degree of Freedom Systems,
Vibration of Two Degree of Freedom Systems, Inertia Matrix, Damping
Matrix, Stiffness Matrix, Acceleration Matrix, Velocity Matrix,
10 Displacement Matrix, Mode Shapes, The Normal Mode Analysis, Free √ √
Vibration Analysis of an Undamped Systems, Coordinate Coupling, Free
Vibration Analysis of Damped systems, Forced Harmonic Vibration of an
Undamped Systems, Forced Harmonic Vibration of Damped Systems
TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS / VIBRATION OF RIGID BODIES / VIBRATION OF
ELASTIC BODIES
Vibration of Rigid and Elastic Bodies, Torsional Vibration, Damped Free
Torsional Vibrations, Undamped Forced Torsional Vibrations, Damped
Forced Torsional Vibrations, Rotational Counterparts of Translational
Vibration, Free and Forced Vibration of Cables and Uniform Bars, Free
11 and Forced Lateral Vibrations of Simply Supported Thin Beams, √ √ √
Torsional Vibration of Circular Shafts With Single Rotor and Two
Rotors, Critical Speed of Rotating Shafts, Vibration Analysis of a
Carnival Ride Gate, Analogy Between Linear Vibrations and Torsional
Vibrations
Introduction to Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), Introduction
to Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (NEMS), Vibration Analysis of
12 Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (NEMS), Significance of Nano Electro √ √
Mechanical Systems (NEMS), Vibration Analysis of Belt and Pulley
System, Vibration Analysis of Reciprocating Compressors, Vibration
Analysis of Dummy During Automobile Crash, Vibration Analysis of a
 Ship Propeller,
Vibration Analysis of Swing Axle Type of Independent Rear Suspension
for Automobiles, Vibration Analysis of Gear Trains, Vibration Analysis
of Helicopters, Vibration Analysis of Aircrafts, Energy Methods,
13 √ √
Determining the Equation of Motion Through Energy Methods, Vibration
Analysis of Diving Board, Determining the Frequency of Vibration
Through Energy Methods,
Holzer’s Method, Rayleigh’s Principle, Vibration Analysis of Rack and
Pinion Mechanism, Vibration Analysis of Connecting Rod of an Engine,
Experimental Determination of Mass Moment of Inertia, Vibration
14 √ √ √
Analysis of Space Crafts, Vibration Analysis of Frame and Front
Suspension of Automobiles, Electrical Analogues, Characteristics of
Mechanical System and of its Electrical Analogue

VIBRATION MEASUREMENT, ISOLATION AND CONTROL

Vibration Measurement, Need for Measurement of Vibration, Vibration

Measurement Scheme, Piezoelectric Transducers, Vibration Pickups,
Seismic Vibration Measuring Instruments, Vibrometer, Seismometer,
15 Displacement Meter, Accelerometer, Design of Vibration Measuring √ √ √
Instruments, Design of Seismometer, Design of Accelerometer,
Measurement of Local Horizontal Ground Motion Through Simple
Seismograph, Vibration Exciters, Vibrators
Vibration Isolation and Control, Control of Vibration, Control of Natural
Frequencies, Vibration Isolation, Vibration Isolation System With Rigid
Foundation, Reduction of the Force Transmitted To Foundation,
Reduction of the Vibratory Motion of the Mass, Isolation of Systems
16 √ √
With Rotating Unbalance, Vibration Isolation System With Base Motion,
Practical Aspects of Vibration Isolation, Vibration Isolators, Isolation of
Ground from the Vibrations of the Heavy Machines, Vibration Isolation
of Machines and Delicate Equipment from the Vibrations of the Ground

FINAL EXAMINATION

LIST OF LAB EXPERIMENTS

LAB CONTENTS
SESSIONS
1 To study un-damped free vibrations of a simple pendulum by determining
the natural frequency and time period of oscillation, and comparing the √ √
experimental results with theoretical expectations.
2 To study un-damped free vibrations of a vertical spring mass system by
determining the natural frequency and time period of oscillation, and √ √
comparing the experimental results with theoretical expectations.
3 To study the role of different parts of universal vibration system and
develop an understanding of free and forced & damped and un-damped √ √
vibrations.
4 To determine the time period and frequency of free un-damped vibrations
of a spring-dashpot system and compare the experimental results with √ √
theoretical outcomes.
5 To determine the damping ratio, actual damping co-efficient and critical
damping co-efficient for free damped vibrations of spring-dashpot √ √
system.
6 To determine the amplitude and magnification factor of forced un-
damped vibrations due to rotating unbalance and draw corresponding √ √
resonance curve.
7 To experimentally determine the range of frequency ratio for region of
vibration amplification and vibration isolation for forced vibrations using √ √
base excitation in Universal Vibration System.
8 Evaluation of Students in groups checking their behavior towards team
√ √
work

9 To determine the moment of inertia of a hollow cylinder using Trifilar

√ √
Suspension.

10 To determine the moment of inertia of a solid cylinder using Trifilar

√ √
Suspension.

11 To determine the moment of inertia of a square beam using Bifilar

√ √
Suspension.

12 To determine the time period of un-damped torsional vibrations of a

√ √
single rotor shaft system.

13 To determine the time period of un-damped torsional vibrations of a two

√ √
rotor shaft system.
14 To determine the whirling speed of unloaded shaft and compare the
√ √
experimental results with theoretical outcomes.

15 To determine the whirling speed of loaded shaft and verify Dunkerley’s

√ √
equation.

16 Submission of Lab Semester Project and Evaluation

√ √

COMPONENTS OF ASSESSMENT

Sr.# Assessment Tool Quantity Weightage

1 Quizzes 2-3 20
2 Mid Term Exam 2-4 20
3 Final Term Exam 3-6 40
4 Viva 1 4
5 Lab Report 1 2
6 Assignment 1 2
7 Weekly total Evaluations 16 10
8 Team work, Discipline and attention 16 2
9 Total 100
 MAPPING OF ASSESSMENTS AND WEIGHTAGE OF COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Sr#1 Assessment CLO1 CLO2 CLO3 CLO4 CLO5 Total

1 Quiz1 7 7

2 Quiz2 3 3

3 Quiz3 2 2

4 Quiz4 8 8

5 Midterm Q1 2 2

6 Midterm Q2 4 4

7 Midterm Q3 6 6

8 Midterm Q4 8 8

9 Final Q1 14.8 14.8

10 Final Q2 12 12

11 Final Q3 13.2 13.2

12 Weekly total 10 10
Evaluations
Team work, Discipline
13 2 2
and attention

14 Assignment 2 2

15 Lab Report 2 2

16 Viva 4 4

Total 4 39.8 36.2 16 4 100

Rubrics (Affective Skills) for Mechanical Vibration Lab

Session Winter-2019 Section: A

 Lab Session No: 03 Experiment 3

To determine the time period and frequency of free un-damped vibrations of a

spring-dashpot system and compare the experimental results with theoretical
outcomes.

Scoring Criteria
Experiment Rubrics 7-10 (Best) 4-6(Intermediate) 1-3 (Novice)

Listens and Responds Listens with full Listens with Don’t listen to the
attentively to the attention and interact intermittent or instructions carefully.
instructions properly. discontinuous
attention.

Follow the instructions Yes performed exactly Performed with Poor working without
and safety rules in the manner moderate working interest
described

Displays a positive Works properly with Shows a bit laziness Don’t do anything
approach towards team team members significant
work

Rubrics (Psychomotor Skills) for Mechanical Vibration Lab

Session Winter-2019 Section: A

Lab Session No: 03 Experiment 3

To determine the time period and frequency of free un-damped vibrations of a

spring-dashpot system and compare the experimental results with theoretical
outcomes.
 Scoring Criteria
Experiment Rubrics 7-10 (Best) 4-6(Intermediate) 1-3 (Novice)

Can apply basic Can apply the basic Student could not use Student could not
knowledge of vibrations equations accurately the basic equations of remember basic
& its equations in within the given time. vibration theory. equations.
experiment Factors: time, accuracy, Factors: time, accuracy, Factors: time, accuracy,

Perform experiment as Yes have a good skill. Performed with Poor working without
per instructions with Factors: time, accuracy, moderate working interest
precautions Factors: time, accuracy, Factors: time, accuracy,

Obtain results Excellent results Mediocre work Everything poor

satisfactorily Factors: time, accuracy, Factors: time, accuracy, Factors: time, accuracy,