1. Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium transmitted to humans by deer ticks.

Generally deer ticks

pick up the bacterium while in the larval stage from feeding on infected whitefooted mice. However,
certain other species on which the larvae feed do not harbor the bacterium. Therefore, if the
population of these other species were increased, the number of ticks acquiring the bacterium and
hence the number of people contracting Lyme disease—would likely decline.

Which of the following it would be most useful to ascertain in evaluating the argument?

A. Whether populations of the other species on which deer tick larvae feed are found only in areas
also inhabited by white footed mice.

B. Whether the size of the deer tick population is currently limited by the availability of animals for
ticks ‘s larval stage to feed on (CORRECT)

C. Whether the infected deer tick population could be controlled by increasing the number of animals
that prey on white footed mice.

D.Whether deer ticks that were not infected as larvae can become infected as adults by feeding on
deer on which infected deer ticks have fed.

E. Whether the other species on which deer tick larvae feed harbor any other bacteria that ticks
transmits to humans. (selected)

2. Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of
the movies-less than those killed by bee stings.

A. movies-less than those

B. movies-fewer than have been (CORRECT)
C. movies, which is less than those
D. movies, a number lower than the people
E. movies, fewer than the ones (selected)

3. According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American

Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in
planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas.
(A) minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to
practice
(B) minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing
(selected)
(C) minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing
(CORRECT)
(D) it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan to
practice
(E) it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice

4. In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in
automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are in
countries where whiplash is not covered. Some commentators have argued, correctly, that
since there is presently no objective test for whiplash, spurious reports of whiplash
injuries cannotbe readily identified. These commentators are, however, wrong to draw the further
conclusion that in the countries with the higherrates of reported whiplash injuries, half of
the reported cases are spurious: clearly, in countires where automobile insurance doesnot include
compensation for whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that
they actually have suffered.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the
following roles?

A: The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion

that the arguemnt criticizes; the second is that conclusion (CORRECT)
B: The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion
that the arguemnt criticizes; the second is the position that the
argument defends
C: The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion
that the argument accepts; the second is the position that the a
rgument defends
D: The first is an intermediate conclusion that has been used to
support a conclusion that the argument defends; the second is
the position that the argument opposes. (selected)
E: The first presents a claim that is disputed in the argument; the
second is a conclusion that has been drawn on the basis of that
claim.

5. Twenty years ago, Balzania put in place regulations requiring operators of surface mines to pay for
the reclamation of mined-out land. Since then, reclamation technology has not improved. Yet, the
average reclamation cost for a surface coal mine being reclaimed today is only four dollars per ton of
coal that the mine produced, less than half what it cost to reclaim surface mines in the years
immediately after the regulations took effect.聽

Which of the following, if true, most helps to account for the drop in reclamation costs described?

A. Even after Balzania began requiring surface mine operators to pay reclamation costs, coal mines in
Balzania continued to be less expensive to operate than coal mines in almost any other country.
B. In the twenty years since the regulations took effect, the use of coal as a fuel has declined from the
level it was at in the previous twenty years. (selected)
C. Mine operators have generally ceased surface mining in the mountainous areas of Balzania because
reclamation costs per ton of coal produced are particularly high for mines in such areas. (CORRECT)
D. Even after Balzania began requiring surface mine operators to pay reclamation costs, surface mines
continued to produce coal at a lower total cost than underground mines.
E. As compared to twenty years ago, a greater percentage of the coal mined in Balzania today comes
from surface mines

6. <<As the former>> chair of the planning board for 18 consecutive years and a board member for 28
years, Joan Pilkin attended more than 400 meetings adn reviewed more than 700 applications.

A-As the former

B-The former (selected)
C-Former
D-She was
E-As the (CORRECT)

7. More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh
water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.

A. More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh
water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined. (CORRECT)
B. With 20 percent of the world's fresh water, that is more than all the North American Great Lakes
combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal has more than 300 rivers that drain into it.
C. Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more than 300 rivers draining into it, it holds more of the world's fresh
water than all that of the North American Great Lakes combined, 20 percent.
D. While more than 300 rivers drain into it, Siberia's Lake Baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh
water, which is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
E. More than all the North American Great Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more than 300
rivers draining into it, holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water. (selected)

9. Fossils of a whale that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was
subsequently butchered by hominids have been recovered.

A. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered
by hominids have (CORRECT, selected)

B. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then was subsequently
butchered by hominids has

C. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago, which was subsequently
butchered by hominids, has

D. having been beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and subsequently
butchered by hominids, have

E. having been beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then subsequently
were butchered by hominids have

10. For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and
milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per
year.
A. providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are
producing (selected)
B. providing them with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces
C. provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing
D. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces
E. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce (CORRECT)

11. As a result of a supernova explosion, every human being on Earth was bombarded on February 23,
1987, by about 100 billion neutrinos; fortunately, neutrinos are harmless elementary particles that
are produced in nuclear reactions and that interact very weakly with matter.
(A) neutrinos are harmless elementary particles that are produced in nuclear reactions and
that (CORREC T)
(B) neutrinos, which are harmless, are elementary particles produced in nuclear reactions and which
(C) neutrinos are harmless elementary particles produced in nuclear reactions and which (selected)
(D) these harmless elementary particles are produced in nuclear reactions, and neutrinos
(E) these elementary particles, harmless products of nuclear reactions, are neutrinos that