Vernacular Commentaries and Glosses in PDF

TEXT, MANUSCRIPT, AND PRINT IN
MEDIEVAL AND MODERN IBERIA:

STUDIES IN HONOUR OF DAVID HOOK
EDITED BY
BARRY TAYLOR, GEOFFREY WEST, AND JANE WHETNALL
New York, 2013

VERNACULAR COMMENTARIES AND GLOSSES IN LATE
MEDIEVAL CASTILE, I: A CHECKLIST OF CASTILIAN AUTHORS
Julian Weiss
King’s College London
The importance of marginal annotation and commentary for our

understanding of book culture – bibliography understood in its broadest
sense – has long been recognized. Equally well known is the taxonomic
scope and function of this phenomenon, be it a single scribbled (re)mark
in the margins of a personal copy or the systematic forms of commentary
and gloss that were designed to be an integral part of the transmission of
a particular work. The aim of this survey is to provide documentary
evidence for the practice of formal glossing and commentary in the hope
that it will facilitate further codicological and palaeographical analyses of
particular cases, and shed more light on the vernacular, non-professional,
literary culture of late medieval Castile.1
This checklist should be considered a work in progress:
amendments and corrections are welcome. It comes in three parts. The
1 For a discussion of the methodological criteria and broader cultural

implications of studies of this kind, see David Hook, ‘Method in the Margins:
An Archaeology of Annotation’, in Proceedings of the Eighth Colloquium, ed.
Andrew M. Beresford and Alan Deyermond, PMHRS, 5 (London: Department
of Hispanic Studies, Queen Mary and Westfield College, 1997), pp. 135–44. In
compiling the present checklist I have benefited from the advice of many
colleagues, too numerous to mention. However, I should like to record my
particular gratitude to Jane Whetnall and Barry Taylor (who brought to my
attention several of the items listed here), as well as to Ángel Gómez Moreno
and Rachel Scott for their generous bibliographical guidance and research
assistance, and to José Manuel Hidalgo for his careful reading of an earlier draft.
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JULIAN WEISS
present contribution (numbered A1, A2, etc.) covers commentaries and

glosses on Castilian vernacular authors in prose and verse. A companion
checklist (numbered B1, B2, etc.) is devoted to vernacular commentaries
and glosses on translated classics, ancient and modern (Seneca, Dante,
etc).2 A third, currently in preparation, covers biblical and patristic texts,
also in Castilian translation.
I exclude, however, interlinear glosses that were so common in
schoolbooks, as well as interpolated glosses that were an essential part of
the vernacular translation process – one example (among many) would
be the explanatory glosses incorporated into the text of translations of
Seneca’s Tragedies.3 Also beyond the scope of the present survey is the
poetic form known as the glosa, although the relationship between verse
glosas and prose annotation merits further study as part of the history of
reading and the continuum between reading and creativity.4 The
relationship between the literary glosa and the explanatory marginal gloss
surveyed here is a fascinating one: its possibilities could be explored
through an analysis of the content and layout of several sixteenth-century
verse glosas on Manrique’s Coplas or of the innovative prose glosa that
Francesc Moner (1469–92) used to create a Boethian prosimetrum out of
2 ‘Vernacular Commentaries and Glosses in Late Medieval Castile, II: A

Checklist of Classical Texts in Translation’, in Medieval Hispanic Studies in Memory
of Alan Deyermond, ed. Andrew M. Beresford, Louise M. Haywood, and Julian
Weiss (Woodbridge: Tamesis, 2013), pp. 237–71.
3 On translation and interpolated glosses, see Roxana Recio, ‘Approaches to
Medieval Translation in the Iberian Peninsula: Glosses and Amplifications’,

Fifteenth Century Studies, 24 (1998), 38–49. Similarly excluded are vernacular
accessūs and explanatory rubrics.
4 See Hans Janner, ‘La Glosa española: estudio histórico de su métrica y de sus
temas’, RFE, 27 (1943), 181–232; Emma Scoles and Inés Ravasini,

‘Intertestualità e interpretazione nel genere lirico della glosa’, in Nunca fue pena
mayor: estudios de literatura española en homenaje a Brian Dutton (Cuenca: Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, 1996), pp. 615–31; Isabella Tomassetti, ‘La glosa
castellana: calas en los orígenes de un género’, en Actas del XIII Congreso
Internacional, Asociación Hispánica de Literatura Medieval, ed. José Manuel Fradejas
Rueda et al., 2 vols (Valladolid: Ayuntamiento de Valladolid; Universidad de
Valladolid, 2010), pp. 1729–45.
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VERNACULAR COMMENTARIES IN LATE MEDIEVAL CASTILE
the canción ‘Pues no mejora mi suerte’ (Barcelona: Carles Amorós, 1528,

fols 14r–15v).
The checklist covers works produced up to 1520, the end of the
post-incunable period. However, there is obviously a degree of
arbitrariness to this terminus ad quem: it does not imply a watertight
periodization and it conceals some important continuities in literary
practice and textual transmission. I have occasionally included very
schematic comments on layout and the various techniques employed by
scribes and printers for relating gloss to text. One common practice is to
repeat the glossed phrase, introduced by a paraph, occasionally with the
glossed phrase also underlined in red in the text. But a variety of other
solutions existed (when scribes bothered with such matters), and these
codicological aspects, as well as the difficulties of mise-en-page
sometimes encountered in the new print medium, all need further study.5
In the entries ‘Author’ denotes the author of the commentary or
gloss.
List of abbreviations
BETA: Bibliografía Española de Textos Antiguos, at PhiloBiblon,
<http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/philobiblon/>.
BNE: Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España.
BnF: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France.
Conde, La creación: Juan Carlos Conde López, La creación de un discurso
historiográfico en el cuatrocientos castellano: ‘Las siete edades del mundo’ de Pablo de
Santa María (estudio y edición crítica) (Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca,
1999).
5 For the layout of text and gloss and its implications for a phenomenology of
reading in manuscript culture, see two important articles by Jesús D. Rodríguez
Velasco, ‘La Bibliotheca y los márgenes: ensayo teórico sobre la glosa en el ámbito
cortesano del siglo XV en Castilla, I: códice, dialéctica y autoridad’, eHumanista, 1
(2001), 119–34, and ‘La producción del margen’, La Corónica, 39.1 (Fall 2010),
249–72.
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Diccionario filológico: Diccionario filológico de literatura medieval española: textos y

transmisión, ed. Carlos Alvar and José Manuel Lucía Megías, Nueva
biblioteca de erudición y crítica, 21 (Madrid: Castalia, 2002).
Dutton: Brian Dutton et al., El cancionero del siglo XV, c. 1360–1520,
Biblioteca española del siglo XV, 7 vols (Salamanca: Universidad de
Salamanca, 1990–91). I use Dutton’s sigla for manuscript and printed
sources and his ID numbers for individual texts.
Esc.: Biblioteca del Monasterio de El Escorial.
Faulhaber: Charles B. Faulhaber, Medieval Manuscripts in the Library of the
Hispanic Society of America, 2 vols (New York: The Hispanic Society of
America, 1983).
Foulché-Delbosc: Cancionero castellano del siglo XV, ed. Raymond Foulché-
Delbosc, NBAE, 19, 22 (Madrid: Bailly-Baillière, 1912, 1915).
ISTC: Incunabula Short Title Catalogue <http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/
istc/>.
Martín Abad: Julián Martín Abad, Post-incunables ibéricos (Madrid: Ollero &
Ramos, 2001).
Moreno: Manuel Moreno, descriptions of manuscript cancioneros in An
Electronic Corpus of 15th Century Castilian Cancionero Manuscripts
<http://cancionerovirtual.liv.ac.uk/contrib-ms-morenom.htm>.
Norton: F. J. Norton, A Descriptive Catalogue of Printing in Spain and
Portugal, 1501–1520 (Cambridge: CUP, 1978).
Viña Liste: José María Viña Liste et al., Cronología de la literatura española, I:
Edad Media (Madrid: Cátedra, 1991).
Weiss, The Poet’s Art: Julian Weiss, The Poet’s Art: Literary Theory in Castile c.
1400–60, Medium Aevum Monographs, New Series, 14 (Oxford: The
Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature, 1990).
Zarco Cuevas: J. Zarco Cuevas, Catálogo de los manuscritos castellanos de la
Real Biblioteca de El Escorial, 3 vols (Madrid and San Lorenzo de El
Escorial: Imprenta Helénica, 1924–29).
202
A1. Anonymous, La carajicomedia.

Author: Anonymous.
Date: 1506–19 (Domínguez, edition, pp. 27–28); 1498–1519 (Varo,
edition, pp. 76–79); shortly after the death of Ferdinand of Aragon,
1516 (Domínguez, ‘Carajicomedia and Fernando el Católico’s Body’).
Witness: Cancionero de obras de burlas (Valencia: Juan Viñao, 1519), fols
E1r–G8r.
Notes: Obscene parody of Mena’s Laberinto de Fortuna, glossed by the
author. Though Hernán Núñez’s commentary (1499, 1505; see A23)
provides the model, his learned glosses do not themselves seem the
direct target of comic subversion.
Editions: Cancionero de obras de burlas provocãtes a risa [Valencia, 1519],
facsimile ed. Antonio Pérez Gómez (Valencia: Tipografía Moderna,
1951); Cancionero de obras de burlas provocantes a risa, ed. Pablo Jauralde
Pou and Juan Alfredo Bellón Cazabán (Madrid: Akal, 1974), pp. 170–
218; Cancionero de obras de burlas provocantes a risa, ed. Frank Domínguez,
Albatros Hispanófila, 2 (Valencia: Albatros Hispanófila, 1978), pp.
139–84; Carajicomedia: texto facsimilar, ed. Carlos Varo, Colección Nova
Scholar (Madrid: Playor, 1981); Carajicomedia, ed. Álvaro Alonso
(Archidona: Aljibe, 1995).
Bibliography: On ideological and political aspects, Barbara F.
Weissberger, ‘Male Sexual Anxieties in the Carajicomedia: A Response to
Female Sovereignty’, in Poetry at Court in Trastamaran Spain: From the
‘Cancionero de Baena’ to the ‘Cancionero general’, ed. E. Michael Gerli and
Julian Weiss (Tempe, AZ: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies,
1998), pp. 222–34; Linde M. Brocato, ‘“Tened por espejo su fin”:
Mapping Gender and Sex in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Spain’, in
Queer Iberia: Sexualities, Cultures, and Crossings from the Middle Ages to the
Renaissance, ed. Josiah Blackmore and Gregory S. Hutcheson (Durham,
NC: Duke University Press, 1999), pp. 325–65; Frank Domínguez,
‘Carajicomedia and Fernando el Católico’s Body: The Identities of Diego
Fajardo and María de Vellasco’, BHS, 84 (2007), 725–44; idem, ‘La
parodia del traductor en Carajicomedia: Fray Bugeo Montesino y Fray
Juan de Hempudia’, in Traducción y humanismo: panorama de un desarrollo
cultural, ed. Roxana Recio, Vertere: monográficos de la revista
Hermeneus, 9 (Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid, 2007), pp. 55–72;
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idem, ‘Monkey Business in Carajicomedia: The Parody of Fray Ambrosio

Montesino as “Fray Bugeo”’, eHumanista, 7 (2007), 1–27.
References: Dutton 19OB-60, ID8333 V 0092; BETA texid 4179;
manid 4218 (poem not listed separately); Martín Abad 338; Norton
1261.
A2. Anonymous, Carta enviada de un amigo a otro para
consolación de una enfermedad que padecía.
Author: Anonymous.
Date: c. 1500 (only witness 1510 ad quem).
Witness: BNE, MS 12672, fols 191r–195r.
Notes: The text of this brief but stylish consolatory epistle (fols 191r–
192r) is followed by a set of glosses (fols 192v–195v) on words that are
underlined in the text. Glosses explain inter alia philosophical categories
(e.g. friendship) or allegorical meanings (e.g. ‘valle’ as sin). Text and
gloss constitute a unified whole, an elegant example of self-
commentary.
Bibliography: Julian Weiss, ‘La qüistión entre dos cavalleros: un tratado anti-
militar del siglo XV (2)’, RLM, 7 (1995), 187–207.
References: BETA texid 3627; manid 2212; Diccionario filológico, pp. 936–
37.
A3. Anonymous, Coplas de Mingo Revulgo.
Author: Fernando del Pulgar (1436?–93?).
Date: Original poem, 1464; glosses, 1470–85 (Viña Liste 273).
Dedicatee: Pedro Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Conde de Haro (c. 1430–
92).
Witnesses: Santander, Biblioteca de Menéndez Pelayo, MS M-108
(BETA manid 1422), late 15th–early 16th century; at least 28 printed
editions between 1485 (85*MR) and 1598, in various formats, including
pliegos sueltos. See Brodey, edition, pp. 8–11, and Diccionario filológico, pp.
522–26, 551–52, with important corrections and updates in Paolini,
‘Fernando de Pulgar’. For the period covered by this checklist, the
relevant extant printings are: Burgos: Fadrique de Basilea, c. 1485
(manid 2092); Salamanca: Juan de Porras, c. 1498 (manid 2095);
Salamanca: Printer of Nebrija’s Gramática, c. 1500; Logroño: Arnao
204
Guillén de Brocar, 1502–05 (04*MR manid 2093); Seville: Jacobo

Cromberger, 1506 (06MR); Seville: Jacobo Cromberger, 1510 (10MR).
Notes: In addition to Pulgar’s there are two sets of anonymous 15th-
century annotations (A4 and A5) and two 16th-century ones
(anonymous and by Juan Martínez de Barros, 1564, both edited by
Brodey). Pulgar elaborates a political allegory of the civil wars which
preceded the peace and justice ushered in by Ferdinand and Isabella,
and were caused by the common sins of the people and their political
leaders. Numerous linguistic glosses; authorities cited and paraphrased,
but not quoted.
Editions: Fernando del Pulgar, Letras; Glosa a las coplas de Mingo Revulgo,
ed. Jesús Domínguez Bordona, Clásicos castellanos, 99 (Madrid:
Espasa-Calpe, 1949). Glosa online (without critical apparatus)
<http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/glosa-a-las-coplas-de-
mingo-revulgo--0/html/>; Marcella Ciceri, ‘Le Coplas de Mingo Revulgo’,
Cultura Neolatina, 37 (1977), 75–149, 189–266; Las coplas de Mingo Revulgo,
ed. Vivana Brodey (Madison: HSMS, 1986); various facsimile editions,
e.g. 1485 editio princeps, Coplas de Mingo Revulgo [1485], facsimile ed.
Antonio Pérez Gómez, Incunables poéticos castellanos, 2 (Cieza: ‘la
fonte que mana y corre’, 1953).
Bibliography: On sources and manuscripts, see Devid Paolini,
‘Fernando de Pulgar, Glosa a las Coplas de Mingo Revulgo (Addenda et
Corrigenda)’, RLM, 20 (2008), 247–54.
References: Dutton ID2024; BETA texid 1716; Diccionario filológico, pp.
522–56; ISTC ip01130800; ip01130850; ip01130900; ip01131000;
Martín Abad 504–06; Norton 377, 763, 787.
A4. Anonymous, Coplas de Mingo Revulgo.
Author: Anonymous (1).
Date: XV2 (post 1464).
Dedicatee: Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 2nd Marqués de Santillana and
Conde del Real.
Witnesses: BNE, MS Vitr. 26-13; Madrid, Real Academia Española, MS
155, unknown to Brodey, subsequently identified as the ‘lost’
manuscript transcribed by Gallardo: see Ángela Moll, ‘Sobre un
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manuscrito “perdido” de las Coplas de Mingo Revulgo’, BRAE, 70 (1990),

65–68. BETA lists the two extant manuscripts as separate works.
Notes: Coplas and its Respuesta arranged in two columns, with glosses in
outer margins or across page beneath stanzas (Brodey, edition, p. 75;
one folio illustrated on p. 66). Glossator expounds literal meaning by
paraphrase, linguistic glosses, etymologies, and explanation of the rustic
dialect (‘vocablos corronpidos’), then provides moral, philosophical, or
doctrinal support, citing almost exclusively biblical authority, such as
Solomon and the prophets, supplemented by occasional patristic and
classical sources. Occasional biblical Latin. Avoids lengthy glosses: ‘por
no salir de la forma del declarar e glosar concluyente e porque de la
breve oración o modo de declarar o glosar los modernos se gozan’ (ed.
Brodey, p. 231). These glosses are exploited by Pulgar and Martínez de
Barros (Domínguez Bordona, edition, p. xii; Paolini, ‘Fernando de
Pulgar’).
Editions: Bartolomé José Gallardo, Ensayo de una biblioteca española de libros
raros y curiosos, 4 vols (Madrid, 1863–80; repr. Madrid: Gredos, 1968), I,
no. 758; Antonio Rodríguez-Moñino, Los pliegos poéticos de la colección del
Marqués de Morbecq (siglo XVI) (Madrid: Estudios Bibliográficos, 1962),
pp. 30–39; Las coplas de Mingo Revulgo, palaeographic and facsimile ed.
Luis de la Cuadra Escrivá de Romaní (Madrid: Artes Gráficas
Clavileño, 1963); Brodey, edition.
Bibliography: On manuscripts, see Brodey, edition, pp. 67–78, updated
by Moll, ‘Sobre un manuscrito’, and Marcella Ciceri, ‘Un altro
manoscritto delle Coplas de Mingo Revulgo’, in Un lume nella notte: studi di
iberistica che allievi ed amici dedicano a Giuseppe Bellini, ed. Silvana Serafin
(Rome: Bulzoni, 1997), pp. 59–70.
References: Dutton ID2024; BETA texid (poem) 1121; texid (gloss)
3470; manid 1240 (BNE); manid 3372 (RAE); Diccionario filológico, p.
525.
A5. Anonymous, Coplas de Mingo Revulgo: Repuesta de un
monacillo, ‘La cinta con que me cingo’.
Author: Anonymous (2): compiler of the Cancionero de Barrantes, copied
by Pedro de Zúñiga. Further research required to determine whether
compiler, scribe, and glossator are identical.
206
Date: 1474–80 for the compilation, copied in Palencia, 20 March 1480

(according to colophon of one fragment, MM1). But one gloss on the
Laberinto (A22) refers to ‘don Ferrando, que agora Reyna’, and ‘el
infante don Juan que estonce era Rey de Navarra e agora es Rey de
Aragón’ (fol. 51r). Ferdinand was King of Castile and Leon from 1474,
and assumed the throne of Aragon on Juan’s death in 1479: thus, at
least part of Barrantes was completed before 1479.
Witness: Madrid, Real Academia Española, MS RM-73 (olim Rodríguez-
Moñino MS V-6-74), fols 8v–11v (original foliation cclxxxix–ccxci)
(MR2-6). The Cancionero de Barrantes survives in four partial witnesses,
MM1, MN55, MR2, and MR3. These can be matched thanks to the
index of the compilation in ZZ3. See also A11, A18, A19, A20, A22,
A29§3, A31, and A36.
Notes: Twenty-six prose glosses on the Monacillo’s Repuesta. Stanzas in
three columns, with prose glosses arranged in columns or across page
(example in Brodey, edition, p. ii). Some text lost through trimming.
Expository gloss and paraphrase, etymologies, some historical detail,
endorsing the political stance of the Repuesta, particularly in defence of
the exploited peasantry.
Edition: Brodey, Las coplas.
Bibliography: Brian Dutton and Charles B. Faulhaber, ‘The “Lost”
Barrantes Cancionero of Fifteenth-Century Spanish Poetry’, in ‘Florilegium
hispanicum’: Medieval and Golden Age Studies Presented to Dorothy Clotelle
Clarke, ed. J. S. Geary et al. (Madison: HSMS, 1983), pp. 179–202; Ángel
Gómez Moreno and Carlos Alvar, ‘Más noticias sobre el Cancionero de
Barrantes’, RFE, 66 (1986), 111–13; Ciceri, ‘Un altro manoscritto’.
References: Dutton ID4379 R 2024; BETA texid (poem) 1121; manid
1229; Diccionario filológico, p. 525.
A6. Cartagena, Alonso de (1384–1456), Anacephaleosis, Castilian
adaptation by Juan de Villafuerte, Genealogía de los reyes de
España.
Author: Juan de Villafuerte (fl. XV2).
Date: Latin original, 1456; translation, 1463.
Witnesses: Esc. MS h.II.22 (manid 1548); Esc. MS X.II.23 (manid 2224);
BNE, MS 815 (manid 2914); BNE, MS 9436 (incomplete glosses,
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manid 1658); Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, MS 9/5573 (manid

3367); Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS II/3009 (manid 1659).
Notes: For ease of reference, Villafuerte restructures Cartagena’s
original, adds a table of contents, and equips it with a set of ‘adiciones’,
some incorporated into the text, others in the margins. These provide
extra historical information and sources, frequently adapting Latin
glosses added to the Anacephaleosis between 1456 and 1463, possibly by
Villafuerte himself. Historical glosses in both Latin and Castilian
versions occasionally updated by later scribes. There is an early 16th-
century epitome of the Castilian version (BETA texid 4231; BnF, MS
fonds esp. 141).
Bibliography: José Luis Rodríguez Montederramo, ‘Las glosas latinas a
la Anacephaleosis y las adiciones de Juan de Villafuerte’, Reales Sitios, 129
(1996), 16–25; Elisa Ruiz García, ‘Avatares codicológicos de la
Genealogía de los Reyes de España’, Historia, Instituciones, Documentos, 27
(2000), 295–32; María Morrás, ‘Repertorio de obras, mss., y
documentos de Alfonso de Cartagena’, Boletín Bibliográfico de la Asociación
Hispánica de Literatura Medieval, 5 (1991), 215–48 (pp. 232–33).
References: BETA texid 2563.
A7. Escavias, Pedro de (1415/20–1495/1500), Coplas dirigidas al
condestable Miguel Lucas, ‘Virtuoso Condestable’.
Author: Pedro de Escavias.
Date: 1461–63 (Garcia, Repertorio, p. lxxxi).
Witness: Harvard, Houghton f MS Span 97, Cancionero de Oñate-Castañeda,
fols 436r–437v (HH1-97), c. 1485.
Notes: Manuscript lacks final folios, only 9 stanzas extant. Each stanza is
glossed to produce an encomiastic commentary on Miguel Lucas de
Iranzo’s heroic exploits on the Granadan frontier. Uhagón compares
this laudatory poem and gloss with the incomplete chronicle of Miguel
Lucas de Iranzo, whilst for Garcia, ‘Las glosas del poema […]
constituyen un verdadero plagio de la Crónica’, and possibly should be
considered part of it (Repertorio, p. ci). Verse is centred, glosses
surround text, in a clear attempt to facilitate connection between the
two (Garcia, Repertorio, p. 421).
208
Edition: Francisco R. de Uhagón, Un cancionero del siglo XV con varias

poesías inéditas (Madrid: n.p., 1900); Michel Garcia, Repertorio de príncipes de
España, y obra poética del Alcaide Pedro de Escavias (Jaén: Instituto de
Estudios Giennenses del CSIC, Diputación Provincial de Jaén), pp. 409–
15; El Cancionero de Oñate-Castañeda, ed. Dorothy Sherman Severin and
Fiona Maguire (Madison: HSMS, 1990), pp. 395–97.
References: Dutton ID2923 (‘tiene muchas glosas en prosa’, not
reproduced); BETA texid (manuscript) 1096; manid 1218.
A8. Guillén de Segovia, Pero (1413–c. 1475), ‘Las sombras impiden
Leandro ser visto’ (stanza 1 only).
Author: Juan Rodríguez del Padrón (de la Cámara, c. 1390–c. 1450).
Date: 1425–50 (Viña Liste 179), though a quo too early if Guillén born
1413.
Witness: Included in El bursario, Juan Rodríguez del Padrón’s translation
of Ovid’s Heroides: BNE, MS 6052 (MN20), fol. 244r (the unique
manuscript according to Saquero Suárez-Somonte and González Rolán;
the translation of Ovid’s Heroides in Seville, Biblioteca Colombina, MS
5-5-16 is apparently not by Rodríguez del Padrón). Cf. BETA, which
lists three manuscripts: MN20, Seville, Biblioteca Colombina, MS 5-5-
16, and Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS II/2790. The Diccionario filológico
follows Saquero Suárez-Somonte and González Rolán.
Notes: Single stanza inserted into Rodríguez del Padrón’s version of
Heroides, XIX (Hero to Leander) because ‘viene bien appropósito’.
Employs Aristotelian terminology of the accessus to explain the stanza’s
causa final as Guillén de Segovia’s midnight vision of three estorias (Hero
and Leander, Danaus and Aegisthus, Penelope and Ulysses) whose
denouements also occurred at midnight. A literal or historical gloss is
followed by ‘la moralidat y aplicación por alegoría, y esto es la verdat y
lo que aprovecha’ (ed. Saquero Suárez-Somonte and González Rolán,
p. 200); concludes: ‘E asý pareçe estar bien declarada la escura copla,
que por las epístolas prescriptas mejor la podés entender, aunque con
mayor prolixidat e trabajo’ (p. 202). The rubrics to the translated
epistles are based on scholastic commentary (see Saquero Suárez-
Somonte and González Rolán, edition, pp. 32–33).
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Editions: Obras de Juan Rodríguez de la Cámara (o del Padrón), ed. Antonio

Paz y Melia, Sociedad de Bibliófilos Españoles, 22 (Madrid, 1884), pp.
285–88; Juan Rodríguez del Padrón, Bursario, ed. Pilar Saquero Suárez-
Somonte and Tomás González Rolán (Madrid: Universidad
Complutense, 1984), pp. 198–202.
References: BETA texid 1738; manid 1425.
A9. López de Mendoza, Íñigo, Marqués de Santillana (1398–1458),
and Alonso de Cartagena (1384–1456), Cuestión sobre la
caballería.
Author: Anonymous, possibly scribe Gonzalo de Córdoba.
Date: XV2.
Witness: BNE, MS 3666, fols 22v–30r.
Notes: One of three texts in this manuscript with brief explanatory
glosses in the scribe’s hand. The other two are Juan de Mena’s
translation of pseudo-Homer, Ilias latina, and the Castilian version of
Alain Chartier’s Quadrilogue invectif.6 The existence of these glosses is not
noted by modern editors of the Cuestión. Besides these three texts, the
manuscript contains Lucian’s Comparación entre Alexandre, Aníbal e Scipión
and Leonardo Bruni’s Contra los hipócritas; they lack annotation.
Proverbios.
Author: Íñigo López de Mendoza, Marqués de Santillana.
Date: 1437.
Dedicatee: Prince Enrique (1425–74), but commissioned by Juan II.
Witnesses: BETA lists 32 15th-century manuscripts: not all carry glosses
and some are also accompanied by the commentary of Pero Díaz de
Toledo (see A11); all early printings have Díaz de Toledo’s
commentary.
6 For both of these, see the companion checklist of vernacular commentaries

and glosses on translated classics published in the memorial volume to Alan
Deyermond mentioned in n. 2.
210
Notes: Glosses principally on exemplary figures from Antiquity and the

Bible, some highly narrative in style. In his preface, Santillana defends
the specificity of his citations in a vernacular context, and discusses the
borderline between plagiarism and documented sources in the context
of literary auctoritas. José María Azáceta reports that the versions in
BnF, MSS fonds esp. 37, 227, 230, and 313, and Esc. MS N.I.13 (PN1,
PN5, PN8, PN12, and EM9), ‘llevan las glosas marginalmente como el
nuestro’ (Cancionero de Juan Fernández de Ixar, 2 vols (Madrid: CSIC,
1956), II, 432, note).
Editions: Proverbios de gloriosa doctrina e fructuosa enseñança, según el códice N. J.
13 de El Escorial, ed. José Rogerio Sánchez (Madrid: Victoriano Suárez,
1928); Íñigo López de Mendoza, Marqués de Santillana, Obras completas,
ed. Ángel Gómez Moreno and Maximilian P. A. M. Kerkhof
(Barcelona: Planeta, 1988), pp. 216–67, based on Salamanca, Biblioteca
Universitaria, MS 2655 (SA8). Each gloss is headed by ‘Glosa del
marqués’ to distinguish it from Díaz de Toledo’s commentary, which is
not reproduced. The glosses are also included in editions of the
following cancioneros: MN6, Cancionero de Ixar, ed. Azáceta; SV2,
Dorothy Sherman Severin, with Fiona Maguire, Two Spanish Songbooks:
The ‘Cancionero Capitular de la Colombina’ (SV2) and the ‘Cancionero de
Egerton’ (LB3), Hispanic Studies TRAC Series, 11 (Liverpool: Liverpool
University Press and Institución Colombina, 2000); and SA8, Cancionero
del Marqués de Santillana (BUS, Ms. 2655), ed. Pedro M. Cátedra and
Javier Coca Senande, 2 vols including facsimile (Salamanca:
Universidad de Salamanca; Iberduero, 1990).
Bibliography: On auctoritas, Weiss, The Poet’s Art, pp. 134–36; on the
glosses’ narrative style, Julian Weiss, ‘Las “fermosas e peregrinas
ystorias”: sobre la glosa ornamental cuatrocentista’, RLM, 2 (1990),
103–12; on influence, objectives, and sources, Rafael Lapesa, ‘Los
Proverbios de Santillana: contribución al estudio de sus fuentes’, in De la
Edad Media a nuestros días: estudios de historia literaria (Madrid: Gredos,
1967), pp. 95–111; Nicholas G. Round, ‘Exemplary Ethics: Towards a
Reassessment of Santillana’s Proverbios’, in Belfast Spanish and Portuguese
Papers, ed. P. S. N. Russell-Gebbett et al. (Belfast: The Queen’s
University, 1979), pp. 217–36; Rafael Beltrán, ‘Lectura y adaptación de
las glosas del Marqués de Santillana a sus Proverbios en la Suma de virtuoso
211
JULIAN WEISS
deseo’, in Proceedings of the Eighth Colloquium, ed. Andrew M. Beresford and

Alan Deyermond, PMHRS, 5 (London: Department of Hispanic Studies,
Queen Mary and Westfield College, 1997), pp. 49–60; Barry Taylor, ‘The
Success of Santillana’s Proverbios’ in Late Medieval Spanish Studies in
Honour of Dorothy Sherman Severin, ed. Joseph T. Snow and Roger Wright
(Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2009), pp. 37–45.
References: Dutton ID0050; BETA texid 1595; see next entry for
printed editions.
Proverbios.
Author: Pero Díaz de Toledo (c. 1418–66).
Date: 1445 (Viña Liste 353).
Dedicatee: Juan II (1405–54).
Witnesses: BETA lists eight manuscripts from the 15th and early 16th
centuries, and six incunables (see also ISTC), all of which pair the work
with Diego de Valera’s De providencia contra fortuna: Zaragoza: Juan (or
Pablo?) Hurus, 1488–90 (90*SP manid 1727); Seville: Ungut and
Polono, 1494 (94SP manid 1728); Seville: Tres Compañeros Alemanes,
1499 (99SP manid 1726); Salamanca: Printer of Nebrija’s Gramática, c.
1500 (manid 1922); Seville: Polono, 1500 (manid 1921); Toledo: Pedro
Hagembach, 1500 (manid 1729). See A41.
Notes: Díaz de Toledo’s is a more learned doctrinal gloss, similar in
objectives and style to his later commentary on Gómez Manrique’s
Exclamación y querella de la governación (A15), bolstering Santillana’s status
as vernacular auctor. Designed to supplement, not replace, Santillana’s
own glosses, though scribes adopt different approaches to problems of
combining both, with parallel or sequential layout. Occasional use of
rubric ‘el marqués’ to identify Santillana’s gloss, e.g. in MRE1, SA8,
SV2. Further study is required on manuscript and printed layout, as
well as textual issues: e.g. MRE1 shows signs of adaptation; what is the
version included in the Cancionero de Barrantes (MN55 = BNE, MS
22335; manid 3591)? See A5. Madrid, Fundación Lázaro Galdiano, MS
657 (ML3) includes only Díaz de Toledo’s introduction, not his glosses.
For a late 15th-century Catalan commentary, see Roxana Recio, ‘La
interrelación intelectual peninsular en el siglo XV: Santillana y Ferrer de
212
Blanes’, Anuario Medieval, 6 (1994), 159–73. Luis de Aranda circulated

his own poetic gloss in 1564 (BNE, MS 10177).
Editions: Proverbios utilísimos del ilustre caballero D. Iñigo López de Mendoza,
marqués de Santillana, glossados [...] Trasladados del castellano gótico al corriente,
ed. Francisco Xavier de Villanueva (Madrid: Imprenta Real, 1787);
Proverbios del Marqués de Santillana glosados por Pedro Díaz de Toledo, ed.
Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, Colección Cisneros, 66 (Madrid: Atlas,
1944); Los proverbios con su glosa [Seville, 1494], facsimile ed. Antonio
Pérez Gómez, Incunables poéticos castellanos, 11 (Cieza: ‘la fonte que
mana y corre’, 1965); Severin, Two Spanish Songbooks, pp. 44–125.
Extracts from glosses by Santillana and Díaz de Toledo in Marqués de
Santillana, Poesías completas, ed. Miguel Ángel Pérez Priego, 2 vols
(Madrid: Alhambra, 1983–1991), II, 99–157, notes. For the Elizabethan
translation, see The Prouerbes of […] Sir James Lopez de Mendoza […] with
the Paraphrase of Peter Diaz of Toledo […] Translated out of Spanishe by
B[arnabe] Googe (London: Richarde Watkins, 1579).
Bibliography: Nicholas G. Round, ‘Pero Díaz de Toledo: A Study of the
Fifteenth-Century Converso Translator in his Background’ (unpublished
doctoral thesis, University of Oxford, 1966), pp. 632–40; Weiss, The
Poet’s Art, p. 129; further background in José Luis Herrero Prado, ‘Pero
Díaz de Toledo, señor de Olmedilla’, RLM, 10 (1998), 101–15.
Codicological studies: of MN55, Maxim. P. A. M. Kerkhof, ‘El
manuscrito 22.335 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid: otro fragmento
del “perdido” Cancionero de Barrantes’, Neophilologus, 71 (1987), 536–42;
Moreno, ‘Descripción codicológica MN55’, pp. 5–8 on layout of
text/gloss; of MRE1, Conde, La creación, pp. 167–99; Moreno,
‘Descripción codicológica MRE1’; and of SV2, Severin, Two Spanish
Songbooks, p. 8. For a synopsis of manuscript and printed reception, see
Taylor, ‘The Success of Santillana’s Proverbios’, pp. 37–38.
References: Dutton ID3411 P 0050; BETA texid 1466; MRE1 (Madrid,
Real Academia Española, MS 210; manid 3747); SA8 (Salamanca,
Biblioteca Universitaria, MS 2655; manid 1916); SV2 (Seville, Biblioteca
Colombina, MS 83-6-10; manid 4695); ISTC il00282000, il00283000,
il00283500, il00283800, il00284000, il00285000; Martín Abad 949–54;
Norton 781, 819, 889, 916, 1067, 1126.
213
JULIAN WEISS

Proverbios.
Author: Anonymous, possibly by the scribe Martín de Larraya, who
copies most of the manuscript (Zarco Cuevas, II, 294).
Date: c. 1500 (hand XV ex–XVIin) (Zarco Cuevas, II, 294).
Witness: Esc. MS N.I.13, fols 123, 171–81 (EM9b-13).
Notes: Abundant and often scarcely legible marginal notes that are not
by Santillana or Díaz de Toledo. Rogerio Sánchez suspects that they are
the random interventions of a copyist or reader (edition, pp. 31, 89).
Instead of transcribing them, he reproduces Amador de los Ríos’s text
of Santillana’s glosses, occasionally noting where they differ from the
glosses found in the Escorial manuscript. There is a poor reproduction
of stanzas 13–16 between pp. 42 and 43. Although it is impossible to
say with absolute certainty whether these glosses reproduce any of Díaz
de Toledo’s exposition (Santillana did not gloss these stanzas), they
appear to be independent. Rogerio Sánchez transcribes one short note:
‘El sueyno que acelerado, es a saber la humana vida, que es comparada
al sueyno.’
Bibliography: Rogerio Sánchez, edition (cited above, A10).
References: BETA texid (poem) 1595; manid 4828; Zarco Cuevas, II,
294–316 (pp. 301–02).
A13. Lucena, Juan de (c. 1430–1506?), Diálogo de vita beata.
Author: Anonymous.
Date: Text, 1464; glosses, 1486 ad quem (Binotti).
Dedicatee: Text, Enrique IV.
Witness: BNE, MS 6728: signed and dated by Lucena, 1464.
Notes: Of the three extant copies of this treatise, the glosses are unique
to this manuscript, which contains Lucena’s dedication to the monarch,
in his own hand. The remainder of the manuscript is probably not
autograph. According to Lucia Binotti, the anonymous marginal gloss
‘se desarrolla en formato insólito, en el que la voz en primera persona
del comentarista mezcla a la pura aclaración textual observaciones
autobiográficas, juicios personales sobre los eventos políticos de la
época, retratos de los dialogantes, e incluso chistes’ (p. 187).
Annotation shows little interest in auctoritates or classical references; the
214
focus on historical, political, or social issues marks a new trend in the

commentary tradition.
Editions: Opúsculos literarios de los siglos XIV a XVI, ed. Antonio Paz y
Melia (Madrid: Sociedad de Bibliófilos Españoles, 1892), pp. 103–205;
despite claims of fidelity to manuscripts, Giovanni Maria Bertini does
not print the glosses in Testi spagnoli del secolo XV (Turin: Gheroni, 1950),
pp. 97–182.
Bibliography: The glosses are mentioned in various early studies, but for
full review and important analysis see Lucia Binotti, ‘Acerca de las
glosas al Diálogo de vita beata’, La Corónica, 29.2 (Spring 2001), 185–200.
References: BETA texid 1601; manid 1930; Diccionario filológico, p. 667.
A14. Luzón, Juan de (fl. 1500), Suma de las virtudes (Cancionero de
Juan de Luzón).
Author: Juan de Luzón.
Date: 1506 ante quem (colophon: ‘Acabada fue toda la presente obra el
postrero dia del mes de julio de mil quinientos y seys años en la ciudad
de Burgos’).
Dedicatee: Juana de Aragón, Duquesa de Frías, Condesa de Haro.
Witness: Zaragoza: Jorge Coci, 1508 (08JL).
Notes: According to F. J. Norton, this edition contains possibly the
earliest example in Spain of a paste-on cancel: the original title
‘Cancionero’ is covered by a slip with the unambiguously doctrinal title,
Suma de las virtudes (Printing in Spain, 1501–1520 (Cambridge: CUP,
1966), p. 74). The rubric is even more explicit about the content of the
copiously annotated verse: ‘Epilogación de la moral philosophía: sobre
las virtudes cardinales contra los vicios y pecados mortales, provada
con razones y actoridades divinas y humanas y con exemplos antigos y
presentes, glosada en lo necessario, aprouada por muchos theólogos,
con las contemplaciones de san Bernardo sobre la passión: el Salmo
“Miserere de profundis o gloriosa domina”.’ A moral treatise in five
parts (397 stanzas of arte mayor) and miscellaneous religious poems (225
stanzas of arte menor). Extensive learned glosses (citing copious
authorities, allegories, etymologies, etc.); each glossed phrase is
identified alphabetically, and repeated at head of gloss. Stanzas centred
in the opening, surrounded by glosses. The author possibly uses
215
JULIAN WEISS
Hernán Núñez’s Mena commentary as a source: some authorities

coincide in content and sequence (Coci also printed Núñez’s
commentary in 1506: see A23). Biblical sources identified via separate
marginal glosses.
Edition: Juan de Luzón, Cancionero [Burgos, 1506], facsimile ed. A.
Rodríguez-Moñino (Madrid: Julián Barbazán, 1959).
References: Dutton 08JL; BETA texid 4173; manid 4212; Martín Abad
975; Norton 624.
A15. Manrique, Gómez (c. 1412–90), Exclamación e querella de la
gobernación, ‘Quando Roma prosperava’.
Author: Pero Díaz de Toledo (c. 1410–66).
Date: 1462–64 (Moreno, ‘Descripción codicológica MN24’, p. 10);
1446–c. 1470 (BETA and Viña Liste 254).
Dedicatee: Alfonso Carrillo, Archbishop of Toledo (1410–82).
Witnesses: BNE, MS 7817, fols 190r–217v (MN24-131); BNE, MS
18033, fols 5r–7v (MN43-2), 18th-century copy, prologue only; Madrid,
Real Biblioteca, MS 1250, pp. 491–533 (MP3-136).
Editions: Gómez Manrique, Cancionero, ed. Antonio Paz y Melia,
Colección de escritores castellanos, 36, 39 (Madrid: Pérez Dubrull,
1885; repr. Palencia: Diputación, 1991), II, 230–78; Foulché-Delbosc,
II, 130–47; Gómez Manrique, Cancionero, ed. Francisco Vidal González
(Madrid: Cátedra, 2003), pp. 577–619.
Notes: Extensive commentary on the first nine of the eighteen stanzas
of this polemical political poem (for other responses in verse see Vidal
González, edition, p. 571, n. 1), written in defence of the poem’s
doctrinal legitimacy. Principal authorities include the Bible, St Jerome,
and St Augustine’s City of God, and show ‘quán enseñadamente escrivió
e que su dezir non discrepa de los santos e profetas que semejante
querella quisyeron fazer a Dios’ (Vidal González, p. 578). Díaz de
Toledo also draws on other classical sources commonly found in
contemporary vernacular writing (Aristotle, Sallust, Orosius, Vegetius,
Boethius, et al.), as well as his own glosses on Santillana’s Proverbios
(A11) and his Diálogo sobre la muerte del marqués de Santillana. The prologue
provides biblical authority for the use of verse, and presents Gómez
216
Manrique as a worthy successor to Fernán Pérez de Guzmán and

Santillana.
Bibliography: On the disposition of the glosses: Moreno, ‘Descripción
codicológica MN24’, p. 14; on objectives and historical context: Weiss,
The Poet’s Art, pp. 129–30; Nancy F. Marino, ‘La relación entre historia
y poesía: el caso de la Exclamaçión e querella de la gouernación de Gómez
Manrique’, in Propuestas teórico-metodológicas para el estudio de la literatura
hispánica medieval, ed. Lillian von der Walde Moheno (Mexico City:
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana, 2003), pp. 211–25 (pp. 223–24); Nicholas G. Round,
‘Gómez Manrique’s Exclamación e querella de la governación: Poem and
Commentary’, in Medieval Hispanic Studies in Memory of Alan Deyermond,
ed. Andrew M. Beresford, Louise M. Haywood, and Julian Weiss
(Woodbridge: Tamesis, 2013), pp. 149–74.
References: Dutton ID3399 P 0096; BETA texid 2228; MN24 manid
1954; MN43 manid 2690; MP3 manid 1955.
A16. Manrique, Gómez (c. 1412–90), ‘La péñola tengo con tinta en
la mano’.
Author: Gómez Manrique.
Date: 1456–57 (Vidal González, edition, p. 419); 1457–58, during the
decade of the ‘máxima floración’ of the Castilian consolatory genre
(Cátedra, ‘Prospección’, p. 82).
Dedicatee: Doña Juana Manrique, Condesa de Castro, the poet’s sister.
Witnesses: BNE, MS 7817, fols 43r–45v (MN24-60), acephalous; BNE,
MS 18033, fols 19r–35r (MN43-6), 18th-century copy; Madrid, Real
Biblioteca, MS 1250, pp. 140–75 (MP3-75).
Notes: Over two-thirds of the thirty stanzas are glossed. In MN24, the
glosses surround the text. The principal aim is to summarize the
exemplary lives of the classical and contemporary figures mentioned in
the poem, especially for the benefit of female readers: ‘Como quiera
que para el más rudo de los que algo an leýdo el testo tanto sea claro
que ninguna conozco declaración serle necesaria, pero porque a las
senblantes a vós algunas ystorias varoniles que aquí toco son inotas [...]
acordé de eñadir algunas glosas’ (Vidal González, edition, pp. 421–22).
Occasional clarification of doctrinal and philosophical aspects (e.g. the
217
JULIAN WEISS
nature of Fortune); cited authorities include the Bible, Terence, Sallust,

Livy, Statius, and Santillana’s Proverbios. In the margins of MP3 and
MN43 there are six Latin tags from the Bible (two of them explaining
the poet’s similes); in MN24 they are appended to the glosses.
Editions: Paz y Melia, edition, II, 209–41; Foulché-Delbosc, II, 56–66;
Vidal González, edition, pp. 419–48.
Bibliography: Layout of text/gloss in MN24: Moreno, ‘Descripción
codicológica MN24’, pp. 14, 16; content and genre: Rafael Lapesa,
‘Poesía docta y afectividad en las “consolatorias” de Gómez Manrique’,
in Estudios sobre literatura y arte dedicados al profesor Emilio Orozco Díaz, ed.
Antonio Gallego Morell, Andrés Soria, and Nicolás Marín (Granada:
Universidad de Granada, 1979), II, 231–39; Kenneth R. Scholberg,
Introducción a la poesía de Gómez Manrique (Madison: HSMS), pp. 23–24;
Pedro M. Cátedra, ‘Prospección sobre el género consolatorio en el siglo
XV’, in Letters and Society in Fifteenth-Century Spain: Studies Presented to P. E.
Russell on his Eightieth Birthday, ed. Alan Deyermond and Jeremy
Lawrance (Llangrannog: Dolphin, 1993), pp. 1–16; Cátedra, ‘Creación y
lectura sobre el género consolatorio en el siglo XV’, in Studies on Medieval
Spanish Literature in Honor of Charles F. Fraker, ed. Mercedes Vaquero and
Alan Deyermond (Madison: HSMS, 1995), pp. 35–62.
References: Dutton ID3367: neither dedicatee nor date given; see A16
for manid.
A17. Manrique, Gómez (c. 1412–90), Loores e suplicaciones a
Nuestra Señora, ‘O Madre de Dios electa’.
Author: Anonymous, possibly Pero Díaz de Toledo (c. 1418–66).
Date: XV2: the only witness, BNE, MS 7817 (MN24), was compiled
perhaps towards the end of Gómez Manrique’s life. If the author is
Pero Díaz de Toledo the terminus ante quem is his death in 1466.
Witness: BNE, MS 7817, fols 159r–160r (MN24-11), ‘en los márgenes
de la mano que copia el manuscrito’ (Moreno, ‘Descripción
codicológica MN24’, p. 16). Not included in the other, fragmentary,
witness to the poem, Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS 1250, fol. 267v
(MP3-137), because of loss of leaves at end of manuscript.
Notes: Learned glosses on each of the seven stanzas, expounding and
endorsing the poem’s theological foundations (principally the
218
Incarnation and the Immaculate Conception). Manrique writes not only

as ‘devotísimo de Nuestra Señora’ but also as ‘varón docto’. Authorities
include the Decretals, Peter Lombard, the Bible, quoted (in the
vernacular) or cited by chapter. Attribution to Díaz de Toledo is
suggested by Paz y Melia, and endorsed by Vidal González.
Editions: Paz y Melia, edition, II, 279–86; Foulché-Delbosc, II, 147–49;
Vidal González, edition, pp. 287–93.
References: Dutton ID3400; BETA texid (manuscript) 1619.
A18. Mena, Juan de (1411–56), Coplas contra los siete pecados
mortales.
Author: Anonymous: compiler of the Cancionero de Barrantes, copied by
Pedro de Zúñiga.
Date: 1474–80: see A5.
Witness: Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS 20/5/6,
fols 68v–72v (MMl-4), part of the Cancionero de Barrantes.
Notes: Identical in style and scope to glosses on other longer poems
included in this compilation, particularly Mena’s Laberinto, which it
immediately follows.
Bibliography: Manuscript description in Dutton and Faulhaber, ‘The
“Lost” Barrantes Cancionero’; Conde, La creación, pp. 154–55.
References: Dutton ID0100; BETA texid 1645; manid (gloss) 1992.
A19. Mena, Juan de (1411–56), Coronación del marqués or
Calamicleos.
Author: Juan de Mena.
Date: 1438.
Dedicatee: Íñigo López de Mendoza, Marqués de Santillana (1398–
1458).
Witnesses: Kerkhof lists seven 15th-century manuscripts and five
printed editions between Toulouse, 1489? and Toledo, 1504; in
combination with the Laberinto and other works, another twenty up to
Alcalá, 1566 (edition, pp. ix–x, xxxix–xl). Between them BETA and
Dutton list nineteen manuscripts and printed editions up to Toledo,
1504 (without specifying which contain commentary). Dutton and
Faulhaber record ‘extensive glosses’ on the acephalous copy in Madrid,
Real Academia Española, MS RM-73 (olim Rodríguez-Moñino MS V-6-
219
JULIAN WEISS
74), fols 1r–22r (MR3-1), which is one fragment of the Cancionero de

Barrantes (‘The “Lost” Barrantes Cancionero’, p. 189): see A5. Since this
compiler added unique glosses to other poems, the relationship
between these and Mena’s self-exegesis remains to be ascertained.
Notes: Mena’s four prefaces draw on Benvenuto da Imola’s Dante
commentary. Copious glosses explicate myth according to ficción poética
(or metaphorical meaning), estoria o verdat (historical or euhemeristic
truth), and aplicación e moralitat (moral significance). Substantial notes on
scientific topics (e.g. vision and internal senses) and aspects of poetic
form and structure. Numerous classical, patristic, and scholastic
authorities. Prose style adapted to topic: mythological narratives (from
Ovid, via Alfonso X?) are often highly ornate. El Brocense compiled
his 1582 annotations on highly selective extracts from Mena’s
commentary.
Editions: Extracts: ‘La coronación’ de Juan de Mena: edición, estudio, comentario,
ed. Feliciano Delgado León (Cordoba: Monte de Piedad y Caja de
Ahorros de Córdoba, 1978); Juan de Mena, ‘Laberinto de Fortuna’ y otros
poemas, ed. Carla De Nigris (Barcelona: Crítica, 1994), pp. 53–64.
Complete: Juan de Mena, Obras completas, ed. Miguel Ángel Pérez Priego
(Barcelona: Planeta, 1989), pp. 105–208 (based on MH1); Juan de
Mena, Obra completa, ed. Ángel Gómez Moreno and Teresa Jiménez
Calvente (Madrid: Turner, 1994), pp. 177–220 (poem and El Brocense’s
annotations, based on 1582 edition), and pp. 405–544 (Mena’s
commentary, eclectic edition); ‘La coronación’ de Juan de Mena, ed. María
Antonia Corral Checa (Cordoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 1994); La
coronación, ed. Maxim. P. A. M. Kerkhof, Anejos de la RFE, 102
(Madrid: CSIC, 2009) (critical edition based on ML2; includes selected
illustrations of manuscript layout, pp. liii–lix). Facsimiles: La coronación
[Toulouse, 1489?], Incunables poéticos castellanos, 10 (Valencia: Artes
Gráficas Soler, 1964); facsimile of unidentified incunable (Seville,
1499?) in Corral Checa, edition.
Bibliography: General studies: Inez Macdonald, ‘The Coronación of Juan
de Mena: Poem and Commentary’, HR, 7 (1939), 125–44; Julian Weiss,
‘Juan de Mena’s Coronación: Satire or Sátira?’, JHP, 6 (1981–82), 113–38;
Fernando Gómez Redondo, Artes poéticas medievales (Madrid: Laberinto,
2000), pp. 199–203; on mythographic sources and style: María Rosa
220
Lida de Malkiel, Juan de Mena: poeta del prerrenacimiento español, 2nd edn
(Mexico City: El Colegio de México, 1984), pp. 128–30; José Antonio
Pascual, ‘Los doce trabajos de Hércules fuente de algunas glosas a la
Coronación de Juan de Mena’, Filología Moderna, 46–47 (1972–73), 89–
103; Margaret A. Parker, ‘Juan de Mena’s Ovidian Material: An
Alfonsine Influence?’, BHS, 55 (1978), 5–17; R. G. Keightley,
‘Boethius, Villena and Juan de Mena’, BHS, 55 (1978), 189–202;
Kerkhof, edition, pp. xvi–xvii and xxix–xxxviii; on exegetical methods:
Weiss, The Poet’s Art, pp. 126–27, 137–42, 151–57; on El Brocense’s
debt to Mena’s commentary: Gómez Moreno and Jiménez Calvente,
edition, p. xl.
References: Dutton ID0156; BETA texid 1646; ISTC im00482000;
im00482500; im00483000; im00483500; Martín Abad 1034–36; Norton
927, 815, 1038.
A20. Mena, Juan de (1411–56), Laberinto de Fortuna.
Author: Anonymous (and/or authorial?).
Date: 1444 a quo.
Dedicatee: Juan II (if glosses are authorial) (1405–54).
Witnesses: Barcelona, Biblioteca de Catalunya, MS 1967, fols 1–51
(BC3-1); Madrid, Fundación Lázaro Galdiano, MS 208, fols 107v–152v
(ML2-2); Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS 20/5/6,
fols 39r–68v (MMl-3), part of the Cancionero de Barrantes (see A5); New
York, Hispanic Society of America, MS HC397/703, fols 1–42v (NH5-
1); BnF, MS fonds esp. 229, fols 2r–76v (PN7-1); Seville, Biblioteca
Colombina, MS 83-6-10, fols 118r–161v (SV2-59), incomplete at end.
Notes: Brief glosses explaining historical and mythological references,
obscure technical terms and Latinisms. Scribal glosses, added possibly
under Mena’s supervision (see Street). Impossible to ascertain how
many were composed by Mena; two in the first person (PN7 and
ML2), two in the third person (SV2 and BC3), and one note similar to a
passage in his Tratado de amor. Slight variations in number of glosses
between the manuscript witnesses. BC3 has additional marginal
annotation, with quotations or citations from classical, patristic, and
humanist authorities. In PN7 and MM1 they are surrounded by, and
occasionally grafted on to, longer commentaries (A21 and A22).
221
JULIAN WEISS
Editions: Complete: Severin, Two Spanish Songbooks, pp. 218–62 (SV2

version); partial: Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Crestomatía del español medieval,
con la colaboración del Centro de Estudios Históricos; acabada y
revisada por Rafael Lapesa y María Soledad de Andrés, 2 vols (Madrid:
Gredos, 1965–66), II, 629–32 (PN7); extracts quoted in e.g. Juan de
Mena, Laberinto de Fortuna, ed. John G. Cummins (Madrid: Cátedra,
1979); ed. Maxim. P. A. M. Kerkhof, editio maior, Nueva biblioteca de
erudición y crítica, 9 (Madrid: Castalia, 1995); Kerkhof, editio minor
(Madrid: Castalia, 1997).
Bibliography: Description of PN7 glosses by Florence Street, ‘The Text
of Mena’s Laberinto in the Cancionero de Ixar and its Relationship to
Some Other Fifteenth-Century MSS’, BHS, 35 (1958), 63–71; but
corrected by Maxim. P. A. M. Kerkhof, ‘Hacia una nueva edición crítica
del Laberinto de Fortuna de Juan de Mena’, JHP, 7 (1982–83), 179–89.
Other glossed manuscripts are described by Kerkhof in preface to editio
maior, pp. 34–35, 41–42, 46–50, 58–59; his account of PN7 is
reproduced in his editio minor, pp. 42–47, and ‘Sobre los comentarios y
correcciones al Laberinto de Fortuna anteriores a los de Hernán Núñez
(Sevilla, 1499)’, in Studia hispanica medievalia, III: actas de las IV Jornadas
Internacionales de Literatura Española Medieval (agosto 19–20, 1993, Buenos
Aires, Argentina), ed. Rosa E. Penna and María A. Rosarossa (Buenos
Aires: Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras,
1995), pp. 90–99; synopsis of glosses in Weiss, The Poet’s Art, pp. 122–
23.
References: Dutton ID0092; BETA texid (Laberinto) 1647: BC3 manid
1912; ML2 manid 1986; MM1 manid 1992; NH5 manid 2700,
Faulhaber 645; PN7 manid 1209; SV2 manid 4695.
Author: Anonymous, ‘comentarista A’, Italian (?) humanist, XV2.
Date: 1454–56 a quo (on basis of citation from Strabo, translated into
Latin by Guarino da Verona; editio princeps Rome, 1469, so the terminus a
quo could be later).
Witness: BnF, MS fonds esp. 229, fols 2r–76v (PN7-1).
Notes: Manuscript copied in Aragon or the Aragonese court in Naples
after c. 1450. A humanist commentator, clearly writing for a Neapolitan
222
audience (on linguistic and other cultural evidence), added numerous

glosses to stanzas 2–275. He explains mythological references and
authorities, and anticipates Hernán Núñez’s interest in sources and
imitatio (especially of Lucan), as well as textual criticism. He writes
around another set of glosses, which had been copied out by one of the
original scribes, and which are identical to those found in a cluster of
other manuscripts (see A20), occasionally grafting his own comments
upon them. Known as ‘comentarista A’, he is distinguished from the
later ‘comentarista B’, who inserted a few glosses on stanzas 289, 295,
and 296, copied from Hernán Núñez’s commentary of 1499.
Edition: Extracts published in notes to the editions of Cummins and
Kerkhof, and Juan de Mena, ‘Laberinto de Fortuna’ y otros poemas, ed. De
Nigris. For images of PN7 see Kerkhof, editio maior, pp. 47, 49, 55.
Bibliography: Street and Kerkhof (see A20), and Maxim. P. A. M.
Kerkhof, ‘El Ms. 229 (PN7) de la Bibliothèque Nationale de París, base
de las ediciones modernas del Laberinto de Fortuna de Juan de Mena’,
Medievalia, 14 (August 1993), 1–12; Weiss, The Poet’s Art, pp. 126, 127,
131, 132.
References: Dutton ID0092; BETA texid (Laberinto) 1647; PN7 manid
1209.
Author: Anonymous: compiler of the Cancionero de Barrantes, copied by
Pedro de Zúñiga.
Date: 1474–80: see A5.
fols 39r–68v (MMl-3), part of the Cancionero de Barrantes.
Notes: In Castilian, with extensive Latin quotations from sources and
authorities supposedly used by Mena (notably from Isidore’s Etymologiae
and Anselm’s Imago mundi). Interspersed throughout the commentary
are most of the brief Castilian glosses present in A20, occasionally
adapted by the commentator. For Kerkhof, the glosses are ‘por lo
general eruditas, pero de poca monta, en el sentido de que no
contribuyen a la mejor comprensión del poema’, although the
commentator allegedly anticipated Nuñez’s identification of Anselm as
principal source (editio maior, p. 42). However, pace Kerkhof, the
223
JULIAN WEISS
commentator does not identify Anselm as a source in the strict sense,

but as a cosmographical authority, and he fails to distinguish (as Núñez
would) between doctrinal authority, source, and literary imitation. Part
of the glossator’s accessus is reproduced in Kerkhof, editio maior, p. 361.
Bibliography: Weiss, The Poet’s Art, pp. 126, 131, 152; Kerkhof, ‘Sobre
los comentarios’ and his editio maior, p. 42; the manuscript is described
by Conde, La creación, pp. 154–55 and n. 100.
References: Dutton ID0092; BETA texid (Laberinto) 1647; manid 1992.
Author: Hernán Núñez de Toledo, El Comendador Griego (1475–1553).
Date: 1499; revised 1505.
Dedicatee: Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marqués de Mondéjar, 2nd
Conde de Tendilla (1440–1515).
Witnesses: Seville: Tres Compañeros Alemanes, 1499 (99ML);
substantially revised 2nd edition, Granada: Juan Varela, 1505; with
thirteen editions up to Alcalá, 1566.
Notes: Designed to establish Mena’s status as a vernacular auctor and the
young Núñez’s intellectual credentials. Supplies auctoritates (with
copious quotations) for cosmography, myth, history, natural and moral
philosophy. Identifies Mena’s imitation of the classics and his
intellectual sources (e.g. Anselm and Isidore, whose errors are
corrected by reference to new humanist authorities, notably Greek).
Occasional rhetorical and numerous linguistic notes (especially
etymologies). Substantial and influential textual criticism. The revised
edition suppresses the Latin quotations, the autobiographical preface,
and the rudimentary accessus. Some textual changes in Zaragoza: Coci,
1506, which are probably not authorial; Steelsio’s edition (Antwerp,
1552) is much abbreviated. Plundered (often without acknowledgment)
by El Brocense, whose 1582 annotations aimed to provide a more
accessible explanatory apparatus.
Edition: Comentario a las ‘Trescientas’ de Hernán Núñez de Toledo, el
Comendador Griego (1499, 1505), ed. Julian Weiss and Antonio Cortijo
Ocaña, online preliminary edition, eHumanista: <http://www.
ehumanista.ucsb.edu/projects/Weiss%20Cortijo/index.shtml>; critical
edition in press. Extracts published by nearly all modern editors since
224
Juan de Mena, Laberinto de Fortuna, ed. José Manuel Blecua (Madrid:

Espasa-Calpe, 1943).
Bibliography: General overviews: Karl Kohut, ‘Der Kommentar zu
literarischen Texten als Quelle der Literaturtheorie im spanischen
Humanismus: die Kommentare zu Juan de Mena und Garcilaso de la
Vega’, in Der Kommentar in der Renaissance, ed. August Buck and Otto
Harding (Boppard: Boldt, 1975), pp. 191–208 (pp. 193–99); María
Dolores de Asís, Hernán Núñez en la historia de los estudios clásicos (Madrid:
Sáez, 1977), pp. 97–121; Teresa Jiménez Calvente, ‘Los comentarios a
las Trescientas de Juan de Mena’, RFE, 82 (2002), 21–44; Julian Weiss,
‘Literary Theory and Polemic in Castile, c. 1200–1500’, in The Cambridge
History of Literary Criticism, II, The Middle Ages, ed. Alastair Minnis and
Ian Johnson (Cambridge: CUP, 1995), pp. 496–532, 789–94 (pp. 529–
32). On Núñez’s textual criticism (with occasional references to
commentary): Street, ‘The Text of Mena’s Laberinto’ and ‘Hernán
Núñez and the Earliest Published Editions of Mena’s Laberinto de
Fortuna’, MLR, 61 (1966), 51–63; Marcel Bataillon, ‘La edición princeps
del Laberinto de Juan de Mena’, in Estudios dedicados a Menéndez Pidal, 7
vols in 8 (Madrid: CSIC, Patronato Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo,
1950–62), II, 325–34; repr. in his Varia lección de clásicos españoles (Madrid:
Gredos, 1964), pp. 9–20; Kerkhof, ‘Hacia una nueva edición crítica’
and ‘Sobre las ediciones del Laberinto de Fortuna publicadas de 1481 a
1943, y la tradición manuscrita’, in Forum litterarum: Miscelânea de Estudos
Literários, Linguísticos e Históricos Oferecida a J. J. Van den Besselaar, ed.
Hans Bot and Maxim. Kerkhof (Amsterdam: APA, 1984), pp. 269–82;
and ‘El Laberinto de Fortuna de Juan de Mena: las ediciones en relación
con la tradición manuscrita’, in Homenaje al profesor Antonio Vilanova, 2
vols (Barcelona: PPU, 1989), I, 321–39. Other aspects: Julian Weiss,
‘Political Commentary: Hernán Núñez’s Glosa a “Las trescientas”’, in
Letters and Society in Fifteenth-Century Spain: Studies Presented to P. E. Russell
on his Eightieth Birthday, ed. Alan Deyermond and Jeremy Lawrance
(Llangrannog: Dolphin, 1993), pp. 205–16; Antonio Cortijo and Julian
Weiss, ‘El sermón De la Sagrada Escritura de (pseudo) San Agustín y la
versión romance de Hernán Núñez: notas sobre el humanismo
cristiano del primer renacimiento’, La Corónica, 37.1 (Fall 2008), 145–
74.
225
JULIAN WEISS
References: Dutton ID0092; BETA texid (Laberinto) 1647; manid 1996;

ISTC im00486000; Martín Abad 1038–43; Norton 350, 616, 631, 672,
821, 904.
A24. Mena, Juan de (1411–56) (attributed), Laberinto de Fortuna,
‘24 coplas añadidas’, ‘Como adormido con la pesada’.
Author: Anonymous.
Date: 1509 ad quem.
Witness: Zaragoza: Coci, 1509, and later editions.
Notes: Juan II allegedly commissioned Mena to expand the poem from
300 to 365 stanzas; only 24 extra stanzas were written. The learned
commentary bears some similarities to Núñez’s but is expressly not by
him. Generally briefer glosses, supplying learned authorities (some
Greek), etymologies, and moral amplification.
References: Dutton ID4672 A 0092; Martín Abad 1042–43; Norton
631, 672, 821, 904.
A25. Ortiz, Alfonso (c. 1445–1530), Ad illustrissimos Ferdinandum
et Elisabeth Hispaniarum regem et reginam potentissimos
oratio.
Author: Alfonso Ortiz, canon of Toledo.
Date: 1492–93.
Dedicatees: Ferdinand of Aragon (1452–1516) and Isabella of Castile
(1451–1504), the Catholic Monarchs.
Witness: Salamanca, Biblioteca Universitaria, MS 367, fols 33r–37r. The
treatise was also included among the Cinco tratados del doctor Alonso Ortiz
(Seville: Pegnitzer, Herbst, and Glockner, 1493), fols 40ra–48va.
Notes: The Oratio, in both Latin and Castilian, follows the Tratado del
fallecimiento del príncipe don Juan; ‘con notas autógrafas’ (BETA); I have
not been able to ascertain the nature of these notes.
Bibliography: For a description of the manuscript, see Florencio
Marcos Rodríguez, Los manuscritos pretridentinos hispanos de ciencias sagradas
en la Biblioteca Universitaria de Salamanca (Salamanca: Instituto de Historia
de la Teología Española, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 1971), p.
333.
226
A26. Padilla, Juan de, el Cartujano (1468–1520), Los doce triunfos

de los apóstoles (excerpt).
Author: Anonymous.
Date: 1520 ad quem.
Witness: Included at end of La institución de la muy estrecha y no menos
observante orden de Cartuxa, y de la vida del excelente doctor sant Bruno, primero
cartuxano; buelta de latín en romance según el verdadero original de la ystoria
cartuxana (Seville: Juan Varela de Salamanca, 1520), fols 16v–19r.
Notes: A complement to the preceding religious treatise on the
Carthusian Order and its founder, St Bruno: ‘Estas siguientes seys
coplas con su glosa fueron sacadas de los doze triumphos de los
apóstolos. Y son del triumpho séptimo […] comiença el auctor
diziendo que vía en este signo [de Libra] sant Bruno Patriarcha. Y nota
que el intérprete quiso juntar estas coplas con su breve glosa a la
sobredicha tradución porque muy sotilmente se toca en ellas el intento
de la vida carthuxana, faziendo comemoración de algunos excelentes y
santos varones desta orden’ (fol. 16v). Phrases and words from each
stanza are glossed, the word or phrase being repeated and set within
brackets inside single block of text.
References: Martín Abad 826; Norton 987.
A27. Pedro, Condestable de Portugal (1429–66), Coplas de
contemptu mundi.
Author: Pedro, Condestable de Portugal.
Date: 1453–55.
Dedicatee: Afonso V of Portugal (1432–81).
Witnesses: Esc. MS Q.II.24, fols 1–143 (EM10-1); BNE, MS 3694, fols
5–66v (MN11-1); Zaragoza: Juan or Pablo Hurus, c. 1490 (90*PP-1).
The poem without glosses is printed in the Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de
Resende (Lisbon: Herman de Campos, 1516), fols 73r–79v (16RE-330).
Notes: In both manuscripts the text of the poem is centred on the page
and surrounded by the commentary in smaller script. The Zaragoza
edition places the stanzas in the centre of each opening, with glosses in
the outer margins or following each stanza where necessary, but with
no clear link between text and gloss. Also Latin tags in margins. Dutton
and ISTC attribute the commentary in Zaragoza c. 1490 to Antonio de
227
JULIAN WEISS
Urrea; he, however, merely had the work printed: ‘ya sea ninguna obra
de las aquí contenidas sea mía [...] trabajé en divulgar la presente obra
que quasi stava scondida’, because it contained ‘saber e consuelo para la
vida humana’ and lessons pertaining to the ‘vivir político y moral [...]
mucho conformes para alcançar la felicidad eterna’ (ed. Adão da
Fonseca, p. xviii).
Editions: Obras Completas do Condestavel Dom Pedro de Portugal, ed. Luís
Adão da Fonseca (Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1975);
Pedro de Portugal, Coplas del menosprecio e contempto de las cosas fermosas del
mundo, ed. Aida Fernanda Dias (Coimbra: Almedina, 1976).
Bibliography: Adão da Fonseca, edition, pp. xv–xix, xxxi–xxxii;
Moreno, ‘Descripción codicológica MN11’.
References: Dutton ID4300; BETA texid 1698; EM10 manid 2060,
Zarco Cuevas, II, 343–76; MN11 manid 2059; 90*PP manid 2061,
ISTC ip00248000.
A28. Pedro, Condestable de Portugal (1429–66), Sátira de infelice e
felice vida.
Author: Pedro, Condestable de Portugal.
Date: 1449–55 (Viña-Liste 293).
Dedicatee: Queen Isabel of Portugal (1432–55), the author’s sister.
Witnesses: BNE, MS 4023, fols 1r–64r (manid 2062); Barcelona, private
collection (manid 2858); Lisbon, Museu Nacional de Arqueologia Dr.
Leite de Vasconcelos, no shelfmark (manid 4519), 16th-century
fragment.
Notes: A major instance of self-commentary, begun in Portuguese but
completed in Castilian; the original has not survived. Both 15th-century
copies (BNE, MS 4023 being a luxury illuminated manuscript,
compiled under the author’s supervision) adopt the same layout: text
centred, with surrounding glosses in smaller script. Writing as ‘el
auctor’, Don Pedro explains the nature and function of his 100 glosses,
which justify the work’s subtitle, Argos: ‘Ca asý como aquél cient ojos
tenía, asý aquélla ciento glosas contyene [...]. E asý como el ojo da, trae
e causa gozo e alegría, asý la glosa alegra, satisfaziendo a lo obscuro, e
declarando lo occulto’ (ed. Adão da Fonseca, pp. 12–13). Besides
explaining and authorizing the text (Don Pedro recognizes that self-
228
commentary was not an ancient practice), the glosses provide a

hermeneutic framework, as well as instruction and pleasure in the
delights of ancient myth and legend.
Editions: Opúsculos literarios, ed. Paz y Melia, pp. 45–101, with partial
edition of glosses; Obras completas, ed. Adão da Fonseca; Sátira de infelice e
felice vida, ed. Guillermo Serés (Alcalá de Henares: Centro de Estudios
Cervantinos, 2008).
Bibliography: Alan Deyermond, ‘Lost Literature in Medieval
Portuguese’, in Medieval and Renaissance Studies in Honour of Robert Brian
Tate, ed. Ian Michael (Oxford: Dolphin, 1986), pp. 1–13 (p. 10); Julian
Weiss, ‘Las “fermosas e peregrinas ystorias”: sobre la glosa ornamental
cuatrocentista’, RLM, 2 (1990), 103–12 (pp. 104–06); Jesús D.
Rodríguez Velasco, ‘La producción del margen’, La Corónica, 39.1 (Fall
2010), 249–72 (pp. 260–62); Michael Agnew, ‘The “Comedieta” of the
Sátira: Don Pedro de Portugal’s Monkeys in the Margins’, MLN, 118
(2003), 298–317.
References: BETA texid 1699; Dutton ID4654 P 4655; Diccionario
filológico, pp. 446–48.
A29. Pérez de Gúzman, Fernán (1376–1458), Coplas de vicios e
virtudes.
Author(s): Anonymous.
Date: Poem, 1432–52; glosses, XV2.
Dedicatee: Of poem, Alvar García de Santa María (c. 1380–1460).
Witnesses and notes: Díez Garretas and Diego Lobejón list numerous
manuscript witnesses, with glosses in Latin and Castilian. Their edition
is based on a manuscript that does not contain glosses, BNE, MS
10047 (MN29), which they believe to have been copied c. 1454, as a
revised redaction sent by the poet to García de Santa María. Their list
(pp. 74–86), summarized below, does not indicate the relationship (if
any) between the glosses, or their content.
1. Geneva, Fondation Martin Bodmer, MS 45, Cancionero del Conde de Haro
(GB1; BETA manid 1793): ‘glosas en prosa, en latín y castellano, de
dos manos diferentes y posteriores a la copia, en el margen derecho del
folio (coplas 91–93).’
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JULIAN WEISS
2. Harvard, Houghton f MS Span 97, Cancionero de Oñate-Castañeda (HH1;

BETA manid 1218): ‘anotaciones en los márgenes de una mano
posterior.’
3. Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, 20/5/6 (MM1;
BETA manid 1992): ‘numerosas y extensas citas eruditas en latín que
posteriormente traduce y glosa en castellano: bíblicas, de Catón,
Séneca, Santos Padres, etc. […] ocupan los márgenes, los espacios entre
las coplas e incluso entre las columnas, son del mismo copista.’ One of
the fragments of the Cancionero de Barrantes.
4. Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS B89-V1-13
(MM2; BETA manid 2064): ‘algunas notas en los márgenes en latín y
castellano.’
5. Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS B97-V3-02
(MM3; BETA manid 2076): ‘anotaciones y citas en latín en los
márgenes derecho e izquierdo del folio.’
6. BNE, MS 3686 (MN10; BETA manid 2677): ‘numerosas citas y
anotaciones latinas en los márgenes, derecho o izquierdo […]
corresponden a dos manos diferentes aunque coetáneas, una parece ser
del mismo copista.’
7. BnF, MS fonds esp. 228 (PN6; BETA manid 2705): ‘epígrafes
temáticos y algunas glosas y anotaciones en latín (más extensas a partir
del f. XLV).’
8. BnF, MS fonds esp. 510, Cancionero de Salvá (PN13; BETA manid
1223): ‘breves anotaciones en los márgenes.’
9. Salamanca, Biblioteca Universitaria, MS 2762 (SA9; BETA manid
2712): ‘anotaciones en los márgenes, en latín y algunas en castellano.’
Bibliography: María Jesús Díez Garretas and María Wenceslada de
Diego Lobejón, Un cancionero para Alvar García de Santamaría: ‘Diversas
virtudes y vicios’ de Fernán Pérez de Guzmán (Tordesillas: Instituto de
Estudios de Iberoamérica y Portugal, 2000).
References: Dutton ID0072; BETA texid 1711 (NB listed incorrectly as
Sietecientas).
A30. Pérez de Gúzman, Fernán (1376–1458), Loores de los claros
varones de Castilla.
Author: Anonymous (authorial?).
230
Date: Poem, 1452 ad quem (Viña Liste 157).

Dedicatee: Of poem, Fernán Gómez de Gúzman, Comendador Mayor
de Calatrava (d. 1466).
Witness: BnF, MS fonds esp. 233, fols 103r–168r (PN10-43). No
mention of glosses in this or the other fourteen manuscripts listed by
Dutton or BETA.
Notes: Apart from one Latin quotation from Psalms, glosses are in
Castilian, identifying historical characters and places, with occasional
references to chronicle sources (e.g. Lucas de Tuy, Jiménez de Rada).
Their presence in other manuscripts remains to be confirmed. Their
relationship to glosses on the Loores in MM1 is uncertain (see A31).
Edition: Foulché-Delbosc, I, 706–52.
References: Dutton ID0105; BETA texid 1708; manid 1915.
A31. Pérez de Gúzman, Fernán (1376–1458), miscellany of moral
and religious poems.
Author: Anonymous: compiler of Cancionero de Barrantes, copied by Pedro
de Zúñiga.
Date: 1474–80, see A5.
Witness: Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS 20/5/6
(MMl), part of the Cancionero de Barrantes.
Notes: Dutton and Faulhaber, ‘The “Lost” Barrantes Cancionero’, pp. 187–
88, and Conde, La creación, pp. 155–58, record Castilian and Latin
glosses, some substantial. The former do not note all the glossed works
identified by Conde, who lists them as follows: Confesión rimada (fols
79r–89v); Tratado de las cuatro virtudes (fols 89v–92v), Proverbios (fols 92v–
95r), Tratado de vicios e virtudes (fols 95r–113v), Loores divinos a los maitines
(fols 112v–113r), Himno a nuestra Señora (fols 113v–114r), Cient trinadas
de Santa María (fols 114r–115v), Alabanza a San Gil (fol. 117r), Alabanza
a San Lucas evangelista (fols 117rv), Himno y alabanza a Santa Leocadia (fol.
117v), Loores de los claros varones de Castilla (fols 118v–135r). The
relationship of the glosses on the Loores to those printed by Foulché-
Delbosc (A30), whose source is unidentified (but probably PN10), is
yet to be determined. However, since Conde describes them as
‘abundantísimas glosas en latín y castellano’, they are probably
231
JULIAN WEISS
different. See also the description of the glosses in this cancionero

supplied by Díez Garretas and Diego Lobejón in A29.
References: BETA manid (manuscript) 1992. Texts: Confesión: Dutton
ID2903, texid 2847; Cuatro virtudes: Dutton ID0090, texid 2848;
Proverbios: Dutton ID0038, texid 2205; Vicios e virtudes: Dutton ID0072,
texid 1711 (NB listed incorrectly as Sietecientas); Himno: Dutton ID0077,
texid (none supplied); San Gil: Dutton ID0080, texid 4651; San Lucas:
Dutton ID0081, texid 4652; Santa Leocadia: Dutton ID0082, texid 4653;
Loores: Dutton ID0105, texid 1708.
A32. Pérez de Gúzman, Fernán (1376–1458), Las sietecientas.
Author: Anonymous.
Date: 1492–1506.
Witnesses: Las coplas del dicho Fernand Pérez de Guzmán (Seville: Ungut and
Polono, 1492) (92PG), incomplete; subsequently printed with new title
(Seville: Jacobo Cromberger, 1506) (06PO), followed by seven editions
up to 1566 (Díez Garretas and Diego Lobejón, Un cancionero para Alvar
García de Santamaría, pp. 88–89).
Notes: The title Sietecientas was almost certainly conferred upon this
compilation, which includes, but is not limited to, the Coplas de vicios e
virtudes (pace some earlier descriptions), in order to capitalize on the
prestige of Mena’s Trescientas. It constitutes a new compilation of the
poet’s moral and religious verse, with the title Diversas virtudes e himnos
rimados e loores divinos, and the relationship of its prose glosses to those
recorded in the manuscripts listed in A29 is yet to be determined. Díez
Garretas and Diego Lobejón do not describe the Sietecientas or include it
in their table of manuscript correspondences. The 1506 edition has a
table of rubrics which summarize the doctrinal content of the poems,
fols a1v–a2v (i.e. three pages in two columns). The glosses and
commentary are found in the following sections, at the end of an
abbreviated compilation of the Coplas de vicios e virtudes.
1. fol. d4v: ‘De avaricia’: ‘Todo vicio humano por tiempo enflaquece […]
e quando más traga más fambre le crece.’ Introduced by a large initial
(five lines deep, and the only one in the volume): ‘Avaricia es un vicio o
maldat con la qual el rico es pobre e mendiga de cada día’. Explicit fol.
d5v: ‘por esso bien dize “más hambre le cresce quanto más traga”.’
232
Gloss cites authorities such as Psalms, Cicero, St Augustine, and St

Gregory in Castilian.
2. fols d5v–e1r: ‘Aquí comiença la exposición del Pater Noster’:
‘Comoquier que la declaración del Pater Noster conviene ser mejor
después del baptismo.’ A prose introduction, followed by Latin text of
Lord’s Prayer, with Pérez de Guzmán’s verse gloss in arte menor, ‘Padre
Nuestro que estás’ (ID0086; Foulché-Delbosc, pp. 671–72), concluding
with prose exposition.
3. fols e1r–e2v: ‘Ave preciosa María’ (Dutton 0087; Foulché Delbosc, p.
671): Latin prayer with verse gloss, followed by prose exposition.
4. fols e2v–e3v: list of Latin religious terms, glossed in Castilian.
5. fols e3v–e4r: ‘Sancta Maria mater dei / ora pro nobis peccatoribus’
(ID0087): single stanza verse gloss, followed by prose exposition.
The compilation then returns to Pérez de Guzmán’s religious verse with
the ‘Loores divinos a los maytines’, followed by other works.
Edition: Las sietecientas del docto e noble cavallero Fernan Perez de Guzman, las
quales son bien scientificas e de grandes e diversas materias e muy provechosas, por
las quales qualquier honbre puede tomar regla e doctrina y exenplo de bien vivir
[Seville, 1506], facsimile ed. Antonio Pérez Gómez, El ayre de la
almena, 14 (Cieza: ‘la fonte que mana y corre’, 1965).
Bibliography: On relation between manuscript and printed transmission
of Pérez de Guzmán’s moral and religious verse see Diccionario filológico,
pp. 504–07, and Díez Garretas and Diego Lobejón, Un cancionero para
Alvar García de Santamaría.
References: ISTC ip00273700; Martín Abad 1208–1210; Norton 764,
783, 897.
A33. Juan Rodríguez del Padrón (c. 1390–c. 1450), Cadira de Honor.
Author(s): Anonymous.
Dedicatee: ‘Algunos mancebos’ of court of Juan II (author’s rubric).
Date: Text: 1439–41 (Viña Liste 179), glosses: XVex.
Witnesses: British Library, Egerton MS 1868, fols 238r–268r (manid
1633); BNE, MS Res 125, fols 20r–47r (manid 1159); Madrid, Real
Biblioteca, MS II/1341, fols 3r–13r (manid 2118); Madrid, Real
Academia Española, MS RM-64 (olim Rodríguez-Moñino MS Vitrina,
6°, 64), fols 44v–58r (manid 1616); New York, Hispanic Society of
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JULIAN WEISS
America, MS B2705, fols 39v–59r (manid 4024); 16th-century copies:

Copenhagen, Det Kongelige Bibliothek, Gaml. Kongl. Saml. MS 2219,
fols 2v–3r (manid 2952; partial copy); Madrid, RAH, MS 9-2-4/213,
fols 1r–22r (manid 2117); 18th-century copy: Madrid, RAH, MS 9-27-
4/5218 (manid 1564).
Notes: Three 15th-century manuscripts contain marginal annotation,
whose relationship I have not been able to determine. In BNE, MS
Res. 125, ‘prácticamente todos los folios presentan anotaciones
marginales de, al menos, dos manos diferentes’ (Diccionario filológico, p.
730); Paz y Melia’s apparatus includes the marginal notes from MS RM-
64, which simply list occasional names of auctores and topics. They
differ from the more extensive annotation in Egerton MS 1868, fols
238–68. Besides marginal corrections neatly inserted by the scribe and
marked with a cross, a later reader has attempted to construct a
marginal index of key ideas. These brief notes are found on nearly
every page, but only up to fol. 259v. There are also a few faded notes
scrawled in a different hand. The two sixteenth-century scribes of RAH
MS 9-2-4/213 also annotated the work (Diccionario filológico, p. 731).
These notes need to be read in light of the debates over the nature and
juridical basis of the nobility, in particular the theories of Diego de
Valera (see below).
Editions: (Text without glosses) Obras de Juan Rodríguez de la Cámara (o del
Padrón), ed. Antonio Paz y Melia, Sociedad de Bibliófilos Españoles, 22
(Madrid, 1884), pp. 131–73; Obras de Juan Rodríguez del Padrón, ed. César
Hernández Alonso (Madrid: Editora Nacional, 1982), pp. 259–306.
Bibliography: On relationship of text to ideas of Bartolus and Diego de
Valera (no reference to glosses), see Jesús D. Rodríguez Velasco, El
debate sobre la caballería en el siglo XV: la tratadística caballeresca castellana en su
marco europeo ([Valladolid]: Junta de Castilla y León, 1996), pp. 265–66,
285–86, 289–90, 298–301, 313–14, 410–11.
References: BETA texid 1404; Diccionario filológico, pp. 729–32.
A34. Sahagún, Juan de (fl. 1454), Libro de las aves que cazan.
Author: Beltrán de la Cueva, Duque de Alburquerque (c. 1440–92).
Date: Text, 1453 ad quem; gloss, 1492 ad quem (Viña-Liste 466).
234
Witnesses: Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript

Library, MS 138, fols 1r–87v (manid 2130), copied 1474–92; BNE, MS
3350, fols 1r–153v (manid 4331), 16th-century copy; BNE, MS 2970,
fols 1r–121v (manid 4332), 17th-century copy; olim BNE, MS L-87,
unknown location (manid 4333).
Notes: The glosses in the Yale manuscript were added in the margins
after Sahagún’s text had been copied; in the later witnesses they are
placed at the end of each chapter.
Editions: Glosses erroneously attached to Ayala’s treatise by the editor
in El libro de las aves de caça del canciller Pero López de Ayala con las glosas del
Duque de Alburquerque, ed. Emilio Lafuente y Alcántara, Sociedad de
Bibliófilos Españoles, 5 (Madrid: Sociedad de Bibliófilos Españoles,
1869), pp. 169–95; ‘Libro de Johán de Sant Fagún’, ed. José Gutiérrez de la
Vega, La Ilustración Venatoria, 8 (1885), 9–10, 17–19, 25–27, 33–35, 41–
43, 49–51, 65–67, 73–75, 81–83, 89–91, 97–99, 105–06, 113–15, 121–
23; ‘Libro de cetrería’ de Juan de Sahagún. Glosas de don Beltrán de la Cueva
seguido del ‘Discurso del falcón esmerejón’ del Conde de Puñonrostro, ed. Antonio
Manzanares Palarea, Alcotán, 1 (Madrid: Caïrel, 1984); ‘El Libro de las
aves de caza de Juan de Sahagún: edición paleográfica del MS 138 de la
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University’, ed. Ana
María Rico Martín (unpublished memoria de licenciatura, UNED, 1990).
Bibliography: José Manuel Fradejas Rueda, Bibliotheca cinegetica hispanica:
bibliografía crítica de los libros de cetrería y montería hispano-portugueses anteriores
a 1799, Research Bibliographies & Checklists, 50 (London: Grant &
Cutler, 1991), pp. 37, 80–81.
References: BETA texid (text) 1745; texid (gloss) 4423; Diccionario
A35. Sánchez de Badajoz, Garci (1460?–1526?), Claroscuro, ‘El día
infeliz, nocturno’.
Author: Anonymous.
Date: c. 1500.
Witnesses: British Library, Add. MS 10431, Cancionero de la British Library,
fols 17v–19v (LB1-40). BNE, MS 17784 (MN41) is 19th-century copy.
According to Dutton, the poem without glosses is attested in six other
235
JULIAN WEISS
witnesses (MN14, SA10b, 11CG, 14CG, 14*BM, 15*BM) and later

pliegos sueltos.
Notes: The glosses accompanying the poem (ten octosyllabic stanzas)
are copied in the same hand as the text, ‘situadas al lado de los versos’
(Moreno, ‘Descripción codicológica, LB1’, p. 21). They explain
Latinisms and mythological references, cite Ovid’s Metamorphoses once,
otherwise ‘los poetas’.
Edition: Partially transcribed by Patrick Gallagher, The Life and Works of
Garci Sánchez de Badajoz (London: Tamesis, 1968), pp. 89–90.
References: Dutton ID0731; LB1-40: BETA manid 1226.
A36. Santa María, Pablo de (c. 1351–1435), Las siete edades del
mundo.
Author: Anonymous: compiler of Cancionero de Barrantes, copied by Pedro
de Zúñiga.
Date: 1474–80, but see A5.
fols 4r–21r (MMl), part of the Cancionero de Barrantes.
Notes: A few glosses on fol. 19 (Conde, La creación, p. 154), not as
extensive as glosses on other texts in this cancionero.
Bibliography: Dutton and Faulhaber, ‘The “Lost” Barrantes Cancionero’;
Conde, La creación, pp. 153–58.
References: Dutton ID4279; BETA texid (poem) 1762; manid 1992.
A37. Santa María, Pablo de (c. 1351–1435), and anonymous reviser,
Las siete edades del mundo.
Author: Anonymous.
Date: Original poem, 1416–18; refundición 1460.
Dedicatee: Original poem, Catherine of Lancaster, Queen of Castile
(1373–1418); revised version, Enrique IV (1425–74).
Witnesses: Esc. MS X.II.17, fols 1r–84v (EM12-1); Madrid, Fundación
Lázaro Galdiano, MS 425, fols 1r–62v (ML, Conde’s siglum).
Notes: Numerous exegetical and historiographical glosses providing
basic exposition and amplification of this substantial refundición of the
Santa María poem. Relatively few authorities cited (the Bible, Josephus,
St Augustine, Bede). Adopts a technique that Conde terms ‘glosa
unada’, which entails ‘un constante adelanto de acontecimientos por
236
parte de la glosa con respecto al texto refundido’ (p. 241). Occasionally

cites Crónica de 1344. Lázaro Galdiano MS 425 is a 16th-century
manuscript, whose copyist has introduced some revisions to the
content and layout of the earlier gloss.
Edition: Of EM12, Conde, La creación, pp. 347–410, also online at
<http://www.uv.es/~lemir>.
Bibliography: J. Zarco Cuevas, ‘Las edades trovadas atribuidas a don
Pablo de Santa María conforme a los códices escuriales h-II-22 y X-II-
17’, La Ciudad de Dios, 105 (1916), 114–20; Conde, La creación, pp. 145–
48, 151–53 (description of EM12 and ML respectively), pp. 230–43
(study).
References: Dutton ID4279; BETA texid 3145; Diccionario filológico, pp.
858–64; EM12: Zarco Cuevas, II, 481–82; manid 2165; ML: manid
3464.
A38. Santob de Carrión (c. 1290–1369), Proverbios morales.
Author: Anonymous.
Dedicatee: Of poem, Pedro I; of manuscript, Pedro Fernández de
Velasco, 2nd Conde de Haro (c. 1430–92).
Date: XVmed.
Witness: BNE, MS 9216, fols 61r–82v.
Notes: According to the prologue: ‘declararé algo en las trobas […] en
algunas partes que parescen escuras, aunque non son escuras salvo por
quanto son trobas. […] E esto quiero yo trabajar en declarar […] para
algunos que pueden ser que leerán e non entenderán syn otro gelas
declare, commo algunas vezes lo he ya visto esto’ (ed. Perry, p. 6).
Glosses do not survive.
Edition: Santob de Carrión, Proverbios morales, ed. Theodore A. Perry
(Madison: HSMS, 1986) is the only modern edition to use this
manuscript as base text.
References: Dutton ID4380; BETA texid 1434; manid 1411; Diccionario
A39. Torre, Alfonso de la (c. 1418–80?), Visión deleitable.
Author: Anonymous (Navarro-Aragonese).
Date: Text, c. 1440 (Viña-Liste 266); glosses, 1480 a quo.
237
JULIAN WEISS
Dedicatee: (Text) Juan de Beaumont, chancellor and camarero mayor of

the Prince of Viana.
Witnesses: BNE, MS 3367. The fourteen other 15th-century
manuscripts and four incunables lack glosses. However, in the margins
of Esc. MS M.II.4 there is significant textual collation; in BnF, MS
fonds esp. 39, there are illustrations of allegorical figures and some
auctores, and interlinear lexical glosses in Catalan. In the 18th century,
Rafael de Floranes added copious notes to Biblioteca de Catalunya, MS
970.
Notes: An unusual and important set of occasionally extensive marginal
glosses, translated from the late 15th-century Catalan commentary
prepared by ‘mestre Aleix’ for his edition of Arnau Estanyol’s 14th-
century translation of Giles of Rome. The Navarro-Aragonese
annotator (not the copyist) omitted some glosses and transcribed
others imperfectly. Glossed words are underlined in red. The principal
concern is with matters of natural philosophy, the main source being
Aristotle and his commentators and the Sentences of Peter Lombard.
Editions: Alfonso de la Torre, Visión deleytable, ed. Jorge García López, 2
vols, Textos recuperados, 6 (Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca,
1991); glosses in II, 15–70.
Bibliography: For manuscripts and printed editions, see García López,
edition, I, 13–34 (p. 16); see, however, the criticisms and corrections of
Jukka Kiviharju, ‘Sobre una versión navarroaragonesa de las glosas del
Mestre Aleix de Barcelona para su versión catalana del De Regimine
Principum de Egidio Romano’, Cuadernos de Filología Clásica: Estudios
Latinos, 9 (1995), 179–86; Concepción Salinas Espinosa, Poesía y prosa
didáctica en el siglo XV: la obra del bachiller Alfonso de la Torre (Zaragoza:
Prensas Universitarias, 1997), pp. 176–80.
References: BETA texid 1774; manid 3365; Diccionario filológico, pp. 128–
32.
A40. Valera, Diego de (1412–c. 1488), Breviloquio de virtudes.
Author: Diego de Valera.
Date: 1448 a quo? (Viña-Liste 252); 1461 a quo (Diccionario filológico).
Dedicatee: Rodrigo Alfonso Pimentel y Meneses, 4th Conde de
Benavente.
238
Witnesses: BNE, MS 1341, fols 106r–111r (manid 1759); BNE, MS

12672, fols 84v–90r (manid 2212). One other manuscript, BNE, MS
12701, fols 36r–37v (manid 2200), omits the glosses.
Notes: Valera provides classical and patristic authorities, sometimes in
Latin, ‘extraídas de sus propias lecturas o de índices o compilaciones de
dichos de sabios’ (Rodríguez Velasco, p. 271).
Edition: Prosistas castellanos del siglo XV, I, ed. Mario Penna, BAE, 116
(Madrid: Atlas), pp. 147–54.
Bibliography: Jesús D. Rodríguez Velasco, El debate sobre la caballería en el
siglo XV: la tratadística caballeresca castellana en su marco europeo ([Valladolid]:
Junta de Castilla y León, 1996), pp. 271–72, 355–56.
A41. Valera, Diego de (1412–c. 1488), De providencia contra
fortuna.
Date: 1445–48? (Rodríguez Velasco).
Dedicatee: Juan Pacheco, Marqués de Villena.
Witnesses: Five 15th- or early 16th-century manuscripts: BNE, MS
1341, fols 59v–64v (manid 1759); BNE, MS 10445, fols 139r–142r
(manid 1913); BNE, MS 12672, fols 70r–75r (manid 2212); BNE, MS
12701, fols 27r–30r (manid 2200); Madrid, Real Academia Española,
MS RM-64, fols 58v–62r (manid 1616). Six incunables: Zaragoza: Juan
or Pablo Hurus, 1488–90, fols 41–43 (manid 1727; ISTC il00282000);
Seville: Ungut and Polono, 1494, fols 84r–88v (manid 1728; ISTC
il00283000); Seville: Tres compañeros alemanes, 1499, fols 75v–79v
(manid 1726; ISTC il00283500); Seville: Polono, 1500, fols 76r–79v
(manid 1921; ISTC il00283800); Toledo: Pedro Hagembach, c. 1500, or
successor of Pedro Hagembach, c. 1510 (manid 1729; ISTC
il00285000); Salamanca: Printer of Nebrija’s Gramática, c. 1500, fols
32va–34rb (manid 1922; ISTC il00284000).
Notes: Supported by general references to the Bible, Aristotle, Seneca,
and Boethius, Valera adds five notes to clarify the key moral terms of
this brief treatise, which appropriately accompanies Santillana’s
Proverbios with Díaz de Toledo’s commentary (A11) in the incunables.
Edition: Prosistas castellanos, ed. Penna, pp. 141–46.
239
JULIAN WEISS
Bibliography: For dating, see Rodríguez Velasco, El debate, pp. 228–29.

A42. Valera, Diego de (1412–c. 1488), Doctrinal de príncipes.
Date: 1474–77 (Viña-Liste 252).
Dedicatee: Ferdinand of Aragon (1452–1516).
Witnesses: BNE, MS 1341, fols 113r–46r (manid 1759); BNE, MS 2953
(manid 2214); BNE, MS 7099, fols 46r–73v (manid 1924); BNE, MS
10445, fols 107r–123v (manid 1913); BNE, MS 12672, fols 1r–36r
(manid 2212); Parma, Biblioteca Palatina, MS Palatino 86 (manid 2213);
New York, Hispanic Society of America, MS B2572, fols 1r–66v
(manid 1677); Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé March, MS
19/6/3 (manid 3476), 18th-century copy; Zaragoza?: Pablo Hurus, c.
1492–95.
Notes: Valera’s preface explains that his treatise will enable Ferdinand to
study the original sources of his compendium of political thought.
Thus his glosses (over twenty of them) review principal authorities for
general philosophical concepts and clarify meanings of key terms.
Editions: Juan de Mata Carriazo, ‘Lecciones al Rey Católico: el Doctrinal
de Príncipes de Mosén Diego de Valera’, Anales de la Universidad
Hispalense, 16 (1955), 73–131; Prosistas castellanos, ed. Penna, pp. 173–
202; Diego de Valera, Doctrinal de príncipes, ed. Silvia Monti (Verona:
Università degli Studi di Verona, 1982).
Bibliography: Mario Schiff, La Bibliothèque du Marquis de Santillane (1905;
repr. Amsterdam: Van Heusen, 1970), pp. 72–73 on BNE, MS 10445;
Rodríguez Velasco, El debate, pp. 243–45, 357–58, 417.
References: BETA texid 1785; ISTC iv00018500; Diccionario filológico, pp.
421–22.
A43. Valera, Diego de (1412–c. 1488), Espejo de verdadera nobleza.
Date: c. 1441.
Witnesses: BNE, MS 1341, fols 17r–46v (manid 1759); BNE, MS 7099,
fols 90r–117v (manid 5022); BNE, MS 7558, fols 39v–48r (manid
3279), chs 10 and 11 only; BNE, MS 12672, fols 118r–148v (manid
240
2212); BNE, MS 12690 (manid 3158), incomplete; BNE, MS 12701,

fols 3v–25v (manid 2200); Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS II/1341, fols
1r–3r (manid 2118), fragment; Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS II/2078
(manid 3249); Madrid, Fundación Lázaro Galdiano, MS 474, fols 332r–
335r (manid 1661); Esc. MS N.I.13(2), fols 54r–78r (manid 4828); New
York, Hispanic Society of America, MS HC397/762 (manid 4038);
Madrid, Real Biblioteca, MS II/758 (manid 4691), 17th-century copy.
Notes: The dozen glosses explain allusions to classical heroes, moral and
religious issues, notably the genealogy of Muhammad and the Muslims.
Valera’s ironical critique of opposing views of nobility (probably those
of Juan Rodríguez del Padrón) extends into his glosses (e.g. no. 3).
BETA notes glosses in BNE, MS 12690, and commentary in New
York, Hispanic Society of America, MS HC397/762. I do not know if
they are identical.
Bibliography: Rodríguez Velasco, El debate, pp. 222–24, 416.
References: BETA texid 1786; Diccionario filológico, pp. 406–08. The
Diccionario does not include the fragment in BNE, MS 7558, whereas
BETA lists BNE, MSS 7099 and 9985, and Real Biblioteca, MS II/2078
as Tratado de la nobleza (texid 1792) querying whether it is identical to
the Espejo.
A44. Valera, Diego de (1412–c. 1488), Exhortación de la paz.
Date: 1447–48.
Witnesses: BNE, MS 1341, fols 47r–59v (manid 1759); BNE, MS 9263
(manid 3289), owned by Pedro Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Conde de
Haro.
Notes: Over sixty bibliographical references, in Latin, for the practical
political theories outlined in the treatise: ‘son una referencia práctica
para la lectura, una fuente para la revisión de una política de la
pacificación’ (Jesús D. Rodríguez Velasco, ‘La producción del margen’,
La Corónica, 39.1 (Fall 2010), 249–72 (pp. 257–58). Both manuscripts
are of high quality, possibly executed under Valera’s supervision.
241
JULIAN WEISS
Bibliography: On the aims of the treatise and Valera’s scholastic glosses

(typical of an autodidact), see Rodríguez Velasco, El debate, pp. 232–36,
416.
A45. Valera, Diego de (1412–c. 1488) (?), El molino de amor.
Author: Diego de Valera (?).
Date: 1439 ante quem.
Witness: BNE, MS 23071 (49-folio fragment; original foliation, 483–
527).
Notes: A possible example of self-exegesis, attributable to Diego de
Valera (who glossed six of his own prose treatises). The single extant
manuscript is copied in a late 15th-century hand. References to Mena’s
Coronación indicate that it was composed after 1439. Forty stanzas of
coplas reales depict a parade of exemplary lovers. Substantial glosses are
copied out after the stanzas, in the manner of a prosimetrum. Unlike
Francesc Moner’s later glosa (see my introduction, above), they provide
a declaración of the poem’s literary and legendary references, citing
numerous biblical, classical and contemporary authorities, including
important evidence for the reception of the Amadís romance and the
biography of Juan Rodríguez del Padrón.
Bibliography: Unpublished. For extracts, manuscript description,
attribution, and reproduction of one folio, see Alberto Blecua, ‘El
Molino de amor y la Mano de amor: ¿dos obras nuevas de don Diego de
Valera?’, in Dejar hablar a los textos: homenaje a Francisco Márquez
Villanueva, ed. Pedro M. Piñero Ramírez (Seville: Universidad de
Sevilla, 2005), I, 154–72.
References: BETA, not listed.
A46. Valera, Diego de (1412–c. 1488), Tratado en defensa de
virtuosas mugeres.
Date: 1445 ad quem.
Dedicatee: María de Aragón, Queen of Castile (c. 1400–45).
Witnesses: Esc. MS N.I.13, fols 79r–83v (manid 4828); BNE, MS 1341,
fols 1r–14v (manid 1759); BNE, MS 9985, fols 52r–64r (manid 1987);
242
BNE, MS 12672, fols 94r–117v (manid 2212); New York, Hispanic

Society of America, MS B2705, fols 1r–17r (manid 4024).
Notes: Following a brief accessus, Valera adds a substantial set of glosses
primarily to elucidate the lives of the famous women; occasional
philosophical and mythographical notes and authorities (e.g. Ovid,
Isidore, Boethius, Dante). Glosses sometimes in margins (e.g. BNE,
MS 1341), sometimes following each chapter (e.g. BNE, MS 12672).
Editions: Epístolas de Mosén Diego de Valera [...] juntamente con otros cinco
tratados del mismo autor, ed. José Antonio de Balenchana (Madrid:
Sociedad de Bibliófilos Españoles, 1878); Prosistas castellanos, ed. Penna,
pp. 53–76; Tratado en defensa de las virtuosas mugeres, ed. María Ángeles Suz
Ruiz (Madrid: El Archipiélago, 1983); Texto y concordancias de la ‘Defenssa
de virtuossas mugeres’, Biblioteca Nacional Ms. 1341, ed. María Isabel
Montoya (Madison: HSMS, 1992); Defensa de virtuosas mujeres, ed.
Federica Accorsi, Biblioteca di studi ispanici, 22 (Pisa: ETS, 2009).
Bibliography: For general overview of sources, meaning, and literary
context, see Accorsi’s introduction, esp. pp. 142–53 on self-
commentary, and Weiss, The Poet’s Art, pp. 114–15; for ideological
implications, see Julian Weiss, ‘“¿Qué demandamos de las mugeres?”:
Forming the Debate about Women in Late Medieval Spain (with a
Baroque Response)’, in Gender in Debate from the Middle Ages to the
Renaissance, ed. Thelma Fenster and Clare Lees (New York: Palgrave,
2001), pp. 237–81 (pp. 249–53); for disposition and mnemonic and
cognitive function, see Jesús D. Rodríguez Velasco, ‘La producción del
margen’, La Corónica, 39.1 (Fall 2010), 249–72 (pp. 259–60), and ‘La
Bibliotheca y los márgenes: ensayo teórico sobre la glosa en el ámbito
cortesano del siglo XV en Castilla, I: códice, dialéctica y autoridad’,
eHumanista, 1 (2001), 119–34 (p. 127); for self-exegesis, see Rodríguez-
Velasco, ‘Autoglosa: Diego de Valera y su Tratado en defensa de virtuosas
mujeres’, RPh, 60 (2007), 10–33.
243

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TEXT, MANUSCRIPT, AND PRINT IN

MEDIEVAL AND MODERN IBERIA:

New York, 2013

The importance of marginal annotation and commentary for our

1 For a discussion of the methodological criteria and broader cultural

present contribution (numbered A1, A2, etc.) covers commentaries and

2 ‘Vernacular Commentaries and Glosses in Late Medieval Castile, II: A

Medieval Translation in the Iberian Peninsula: Glosses and Amplifications’,

temas’, RFE, 27 (1943), 181–232; Emma Scoles and Inés Ravasini,

the canción ‘Pues no mejora mi suerte’ (Barcelona: Carles Amorós, 1528,

Diccionario filológico: Diccionario filológico de literatura medieval española: textos y

A1. Anonymous, La carajicomedia.

idem, ‘Monkey Business in Carajicomedia: The Parody of Fray Ambrosio

Guillén de Brocar, 1502–05 (04*MR manid 2093); Seville: Jacobo

manuscrito “perdido” de las Coplas de Mingo Revulgo’, BRAE, 70 (1990),

Date: 1474–80 for the compilation, copied in Palencia, 20 March 1480

manid 1658); Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, MS 9/5573 (manid

Edition: Francisco R. de Uhagón, Un cancionero del siglo XV con varias

Editions: Obras de Juan Rodríguez de la Cámara (o del Padrón), ed. Antonio

6 For both of these, see the companion checklist of vernacular commentaries

Notes: Glosses principally on exemplary figures from Antiquity and the

deseo’, in Proceedings of the Eighth Colloquium, ed. Andrew M. Beresford and

Blanes’, Anuario Medieval, 6 (1994), 159–73. Luis de Aranda circulated

A12. López de Mendoza, Íñigo, Marqués de Santillana (1398–1458),

focus on historical, political, or social issues marks a new trend in the

Hernán Núñez’s Mena commentary as a source: some authorities

Manrique as a worthy successor to Fernán Pérez de Guzmán and

nature of Fortune); cited authorities include the Bible, Terence, Sallust,

Incarnation and the Immaculate Conception). Manrique writes not only

74), fols 1r–22r (MR3-1), which is one fragment of the Cancionero de

Editions: Complete: Severin, Two Spanish Songbooks, pp. 218–62 (SV2

audience (on linguistic and other cultural evidence), added numerous

commentator does not identify Anselm as a source in the strict sense,

Juan de Mena, Laberinto de Fortuna, ed. José Manuel Blecua (Madrid:

References: Dutton ID0092; BETA texid (Laberinto) 1647; manid 1996;

A26. Padilla, Juan de, el Cartujano (1468–1520), Los doce triunfos

commentary was not an ancient practice), the glosses provide a

2. Harvard, Houghton f MS Span 97, Cancionero de Oñate-Castañeda (HH1;

Date: Poem, 1452 ad quem (Viña Liste 157).

different. See also the description of the glosses in this cancionero

Gloss cites authorities such as Psalms, Cicero, St Augustine, and St

America, MS B2705, fols 39v–59r (manid 4024); 16th-century copies:

Witnesses: Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript

witnesses (MN14, SA10b, 11CG, 14CG, 14*BM, 15*BM) and later

parte de la glosa con respecto al texto refundido’ (p. 241). Occasionally

Dedicatee: (Text) Juan de Beaumont, chancellor and camarero mayor of

Witnesses: BNE, MS 1341, fols 106r–111r (manid 1759); BNE, MS

Bibliography: For dating, see Rodríguez Velasco, El debate, pp. 228–29.

2212); BNE, MS 12690 (manid 3158), incomplete; BNE, MS 12701,

Bibliography: On the aims of the treatise and Valera’s scholastic glosses

BNE, MS 12672, fols 94r–117v (manid 2212); New York, Hispanic

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witnesses (MN14, SA10b, 11CG, 14CG, 14BM, 15BM) and later