Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DESIGN
LITERATURE STUDY AND DESIGN CONSIDERATION
SUBMITTED BY:
ALOK RANJAN
PRIYA SRIVASTAVA
AKSHITA KUKRETI
SONAKSHI TIWARI
Aisle: the walkway between each area, row of seats to permit ease of passage,(>=45 mm).
Drop stage: A stage floor that moves vertically on the elevator usually so that one set can
quickly replace another.
Tormentor: A curtain or framed structure used directly behind the proscenium at each side
of the stage to screen the wings and sidelights from the audience.
Apron: the part of the stage floor in front of the curtain line.
Orchestra pit: the space reserved for the musicians usually in front.
Balcony: a gallery that projects over the main floor of a theatre.
Wing: the platform adjacent to the stage for keeping props.
Box office: where tickets are sold.
Cyclorama: it is the exterior of the backdrop. It is basically a distinction between
backstage and main stage.
Fire curtain: a curtain or asbestos or other fire-proof material that can be lowered
just inside the proscenium arch in the case of fire.
Green room: the green room is the space in a theatre, studio or similar venue which
functions as a waiting room and lounge for performers before and after a performances
and during the show when they are not engaged on the stage.
CEILING MAY BE FLAT BUT IT PREFERABLE TO PROVIDE A SLIGHT INCREASE IN THE
HEIGHT NEAR THE CENTRE OF HALL.
THE VOLUME PER PERSON REQUIRED TO BE PROVIDE SHOULD NORMALLY RANGE
BETWEEN 3.5 TO 5.5 CU.M.
SUITABLE VOLUMES FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF AUDITORIUM ARE GIVEN BELOW
BUT IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT HIGHER VALUES BE ADOPTED ONLY IN SPECIAL
CASE:
CUBIC METRES PER PERSON
I. PUBLIC LECTURE HALLS 3.0 TO 4.5
II. CINEMAS OR THEATRE 4.0 TO 5.0
III. MUSICAL HALL OR CONCERT HALL 4.0 TO 5.5
DIFFERENT SHAPES OF HALLS
FLOOR PLANS OF VARIOUS SHAPES ARE USED BUT THE ONE WHICH IS
CONSIDERED TO GIVE SATISFACTORY RESULT WITHOUT
INTRODUCING COMPLICATIONS IN THE ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT OF
THE HALL IS FAN-SHAPED PLAN.
THE PROSCENIUM MAY BEAR ANY SUITABLE RATIO WITH THE HEIGHT
OF THE HALL TO SUIT STAGE REQUIREMENTS AND CONSIDERATIONS
OF VISIBILITY.
THE SIDE WALLS SHOULD BE ARRANGED TO HAVE AN ANGLE OF NOT
MORE THAN 100 DEGREES WITH THE CURTAIN LINE. IN THE CASE OF
TALKING PICTURES SYCHRONISATION OF SOUND WITH LIP MOVEMENT
IS MOST ESSENTIAL.
ALSO, IN THE CASE OF THEATRES APERSON WITH NORMAL VISIONS
SHOULD BE ABLE TO DISCERN FACIAL EXPRESSIONS OF THE
PERFORMERS.
IN ORDER TO SATISFY THESE CONDITIONS, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT
THE DISTANCE OF THE FARTHEST SEAT FRON THE CURTAIN LINE
SHOULD NOT NORMALLY EXCEED 23 METRES.
DIFFERENT SEATING ARRANGEMENTS
IN AUDITORIUM
DIFFERENT SEATING ARRANGEMENTS
IN AUDITORIUM
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN:
SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING
THE CHOICE OF THE SITE OF AN AUDITORIUM IS
GOVERN BY SEVERAL FACTORS, WHICH MAY BE
MUTUALLY CONFLICTING, BUT A COMPROMISE HAS TO
BE STUCK BETWEEN THE VARIOUS CONSIDERATIONS
INVOLVED. THE PROBLEMS OF THE NOISE IS AN
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION.
IN FACT, THE QUITEST POSSIBLE CONDITION SHOULD
BE PROVIDED SO THAT INTELLIGIBILY OF SPEECH
DOES NOT SUFFER ANDEVEN SOFT PASSAGE OF
MUSIC ARE HEARD.
WHEN AIR-CONDITIONING IS PROVIDED SPECIAL CARE
SHOULD BE TAKEN TO ATTENUATE THE PLANTS NOISE
AND THE GRILL NOISE. FOR THIS PURPOSE PLANTS
SHOULD BE SUITABLY ISOLATED AND DUCTS AS WELL
AS THE PLENUM SHOULD BE SO DESIGNED THAT
NOISE GETS ADEQUATELY REDUCED SO AS TO BE
WITHIN THE PERMISSIBLE LIMITS.
PROPERTIES OF AN AUDITORIUM
30°- NO MOVEMENT
60°- SLIGHT MOVEMENT
110°- MORE EYE MOVEMENT
360°-FULL HEAD AND SHOULDER
MOVEMENT
SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE AUDITORIM
LENGTH OF ROWS:
MAX. NO. OF SEATS PER AISLE. 25
SEATS PER AISLE IS PERMISSIBLE IF
ONE SIDE EXIT DOOR OF 1M WIDTH IS
PROVIDED PER 3-4 ROWS.
REAR WALL
THE AUDITORIUM REAR WALLS SHOULD BE EITHER FLAT OR CONVEX IN SHAPE.
THIS SHOULD NOT BE CONCAVE IN SHAPE, BUT WHERE IT CANNOT BE AVOIDED, THE
ACOUSTICAL DESIGN SHALL INDICATE EITHER THE SURFACE TO BE SPLAYED OR
CONVEX CORRUGATIONS GIVEN IN ORDER TO AVOID ANY TENDENCY FOR THE SOUND
TO FOCUS INTO THE HALL.
SIDE WALL
WHERE THE SIDE WALLS ARE NON-PARALLEL SA IN THE CASE OF A FAN-SHAPED HALL,
THE WALLS MAY REMAIN REFLECTIVE AND MAY BE ARCHITECTURALLY FINISHED IN ANY
MANNER REQUIRED, IF SOUND ABSORBING MATERIALS IS NOT REQUIRED FROM OTHER
CONSIDERARIONS.
WHERE THE SIDE WALLS ARE PARALLEL THEY MAY BE LEFT UNTREATED TO A LENGTH
OF ABOUT 7.5 M FROM THE PROSCENIUM END. IN ADDITION, ANY OF THE
SURFACES,LIKELY TO CAUSE A DELAYED ECHO OR FLUTTER ECHO SHOULD BE
APPROPRIATELY TREATED WITH A SOUND ABSORBING MATERIAL. DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN THE DIRECT PATH AND THE REFLECTED PATH REFLECTED FROM AIDE WALL,
SHALL NOT EXCEDD 15 M.
CINEMA HALL
BACKSTAGE
STAGE LIGHTING
LIGHT CONTROL
CURTAIN SYSTEM- MOTORISED AND VERTICAL SYSTEM
CYCLORAMA SCREEN
DIMMERS
ESCAPE AND EXIT ROUTE
PARKING
CIRCULATION
AIR CONDITIONING
FIRE PROTECTION
RAISED FLOOR
THE RECOMMENDED SYSTEM FOR DISTRIBUTION OF HVAC IN AUDITORIUM SPACE
IS DUCTED SUPPLY THROUGH FLOOR VENTS WITH DUCTED CEILING RETUTN AIR
VENTS IN AUDITORIUM AND LOBBY. IN OTHER SPACES, DUCTED CEILING SUPPLY
WITH RETURN AIR CEILING PLENUM IS RECOMMENDED. NOTE THAT THERE SHOULD
BE TRANSFER DUCTS AT ALL ACOUSTICALLY RATED PARTITIONS.
STAGE VENTILATION
THE REQUIREDMENTS WITH REGARD TO STAGE VENTILATION FOR STAGES
GREATER THAN 50 FT. IN HEIGHT OR LARGER IN AREA THAN 1000 SQ. FT. ARE AS
FOLLOWS:
NATURAL MEANS OF EXHAUST
TWO OR MORE ROOF VENTS ARE REQUIRED TO BE PROVIDED.
AGGREGATE CLEAR AREA OF THE OPENING IS TO BE NO LESS THAN 5% OF THE
STAGE AREA.
VENTS ARE REQUIRED TO BE LOCATED NEAR THE CENTRE AND ABOVE THE
HIGHEST PART OF THE STAGE AREA.
THE VENTS ARE TO BE ACTIVATED BY HEAT-ACTIVATED DEVICES AND BY THE
MANUAL MEANS.
MECHANICAL MEANS OF EXHAUST
A MECHANICAL EXHAUST SYSTEM IS TO BE ACTIVATED BY THE OPERATION OF
SPRINKLER SYSTEM.
PROTECTING THE STAGE AND MANUAL MEANS THAT ARE READILY ACCESSIBLE TO
THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.
A SMOKE LAYER MUST BE MAINTAINED AT GREATER THAN 6 FT. ABOVE THE
HIGHEST LEVEL OF THE SEATING OR MAINTAINED ABOVE THE TOP OF THE
PROSCENIUM OPENING .
SOUND INSULATION
A HIGH QUALITY ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT OFFERS CLARITY
TO THE ORIGINAL SOUND THUS THE QUALITY OF SOUND
REMAINS UNIFORM THROUGHOUT THE AUDITORIUM AND
EVERY AUDIENCE SITTING THERE GET TO HEAR THE BEST
QUALITY SOUND REGARDLESS OF HIS OR HER SEATING
LOCATION.
USE OF ACOUSTICAL PANEL FOR SOUNDPROOFING OF
AUDITORIUM
SOUNDPROOFING IN AN AUDITORIUM CAN BE OBTAINED BY
WALL AND CEILING SOUND PANELS.ACOUSICAL PANEL
OFFER GREAT RESULTS BY ABSORBING THE REFLECTIONS
AND ECHOS WITHIN THE AUDITORIUM, THUS PRODUCING THE
BETTER QUALITY OF SOUND.
ANOTHER SOUNDPROOFING PRODUCT THAT IS DIFFUSION
PANEL CAN ALSO PROVIDE A GREAT DEAL OF HELP IN
DISPERSING THE REFLECTED SOUND WAVES TO BRING OUT
A BALANCE AMONG THE LIVE AND DEAD SPOTS IN THE ROOM.
SOUND INSULATION MATERIALS
USED IN AUDITORIUM
THE MATERIALS GENERALLY USED MAY BE BROADLY
CLASSIFIED INTO THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES:
ACOUSTIC PLASTER( A PLASTER WHICH INCLUDES
GRANULATED INSULATION MATERIAL WITH CEMENT)
COMPRESSED CANE OR WOOD FIBREBOARD,
UNPERFORATED AND PERFORATED.
WOOD PARTICLE BOARD
COMPRESSED WOOD WOO.
MINERAL/GLASS WOLL QUITS AND MATS
MNERAL/COMPRESSED GLASS WOOL TILES
COMPOSITE UNITS OF PERFORATED BOARD(HARDBOARD,
ASBESTOS BOARD OR MENTAL SHEET) BACKED BY MINERAL
OR GLASS WOOL QUILT OR SLAB.
SPECIAL ABSORBERS CONSTRUCTED OF HARDBOARD, TEAK
PLY, ETC. BACKED BY AIR.