VI totalisation

Questions of writting/ oral evaluation

1. Disorders of salivary secretion. Hyposalivation. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Events.

Consequences.
2. Disorders of salivary secretion. Hypersalivation. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Events.
Consequences.
3. Dysphagia. Causes and manifestations of upper and lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction.
4. Gastroesophageal reflux. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Outcomes.
5. Gastric hypersecretion and hyperchlorohydrity. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Consequences.
6. Gastric hyposecretion and hypochlorhydrity. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Consequences.
7. Mechanisms for the repair of epithelial defects in the gastrointestinal tract. Local factors of
ulcerogenesis.
8. Ulcer disease. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. Outcomes.
9. Maldigestion of carbohydrates. Causes. Events. Consequences.
10. Maldigestion of proteins. Causes. Events. Consequences.
11. Maldigestion of lipids. Causes. Events. Consequences.
12. Gastrointestinal autointoxication. Causes. Events.
13. Secretory Diarrhea. The etiology. Pathogenesis. Consequences.
14. Inflammatory diarrhea. The etiology. Pathogenesis. Consequences
15. Osmotic Diarrhea. The etiology. Pathogenesis. Consequences
16. Etiology of liver failure. Classification
17. Pathogenesis of liver failure. The role of hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, hepatocytes in
progression of chronic liver failure.
18. Metabolic dysfunction of liver failure. Pathogenesis of manifestations and consequences of
carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism.
19. Acid-base imbalance in liver failure. Pathogenesis.
20. Portal hypertension. Pathogenesis of manifestations. Consequences.
21. Hepatic encephalopathy. Pathogenesis. The role of ammonia, of false neurotransmitters, of
GABA in pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.
22. Mechanical jaundice. Cholestasis. Pathogenesis of cholemic syndrome. Etiology.
Pathogenesis. Manifestations. Changes of biliary pigment’s metabolism.
23. Hepatic jaundice. Etiology. Pathogenesis of cholemic syndrome. Manifestations. Changes of
biliary pigment’s metabolism.
24. Congenital hyperbilirubinemias. Pathogenesis. Changes of biliary pigment’s metabolism.
25. Haemolytic jaundice. Etiology. Pathogenesis of cholemic syndrome. Manifestations.
Changes of biliary pigment’s metabolism.
26. Disturbance of glomerular filtration. Causes. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. Consequences.
27. Disturbance of renal reabsorbtion of organic substances (proteins, glucose, aminoacids).
Causes. Pathogenesis. Consequences.
28. Disturbance of renal reabsorbtion of water and electrolytes. Causes. Pathogenesis.
Consequences.
29. Disturbance of renal secretion (H+, K+). Causes. Pathogenesis. Manifestations.
Consequences.
30. Pathological quantitative changes of dieresis.
31. Pathogenetical interpretation of symptoms in nephritic syndrome.
32. Pathogenetical interpretation of symptoms in nephrotic syndrome.
33. Disturbance of urine concentration. Hipo- and isostenuria.
34. Pathological changes of urine composition (proteinuria, glucosuria, hematuria). Causes.
Pathogenesis.
35. Acute renal failure. Definition. Causes. Classification.
36. Acute renal failure. Stages. Pathogenesis of oliguanuria. Consequences.
37. Chronic renal failure. Definition. Causes. Classification.
38. Chronic renal failure. Pathogenesis of hyperfiltration. Consequences.
39. Chronic renal failure. Pathogenesis of renal remodelling.
40. Uraemia. Pathogenesis. Manifestations.