‘ASME RPUC-20%7 that differ in thickness by mare than one-fourth the thick ness ofthe thinner section or by more than Yin. (3mm, whichever isles, When a taper is required on any formed head thicker than the shell and intended for butt-welded attachment [see Figure PW-9.3.3, illustrations (e) and (@)] the length of the skirt as measured from the tangent line shall meet the requirements in Figure PW.9.33 and the taper shall be entirely within the skirt. When the ran- sition Is formed by removing material from the thicker section, the minimum thickness ofthat section, after the material is removed, shall not be less than that required by Part PG. The centerline misaligament between shell and head shallbe no greater than one-half the difference botwoen the actual shell and head thickness, as illustrated in Figure PW-9:33, illustrations (a) through (4). PW-9.4 Prohibited Welded Joints. Corner joints as depicted in Figure PW-9.4 are prohibited, PW-10 HEAT TREATMENT Vessels and vessel parts shall be preheated and post- weld heat treated in accordance with the requirements in PW-38 and PW-39. PW-11 VOLUMETRIC EXAMINATION OF WELDED BUTT JOINTS PW-1L1 Welded butt joints requiring volumetric ex- amination are specified in Table PW-11. Unless Table PW-11 restricts volumetric examination to one method, either the radiographie or the ultrasonic method may be used. Acceptance of the weld shall he determined by the method selected for the initial examination of the com: pleted weld, Ifrepairs are required, the repairs shall be examined using the same method by which the unaccep- table Imperfections were detected. Subsequent examina- tion of the weld following acceptance is beyond the requirements of this Section and shall be a matter of agreement between the Manufacturer and the User. Experience has demonstrated that welded butt joints, rot requiring volumetric examination hy these rules have igiven safe and reliable service even ifthey contain imper- fections that may be disclosed upon further examination, Any examination and acceptance standards beyond the requirements of this Section are beyond the scope of this Code and shall be a matter of agreement between the Manufacturer and the User. PW-1L2 Definitions. For use with Table PW-11 and elsewhere in this Section, the following definitions apply: butt joint a joint between two members aligned approxi mately in the same plane, circumferential butt weld: includes circumferential welded butt joints in drums, headers, pipes, and tubes, and welded butt joints attaching formed heads to drums, shells, and headers. 95 longitudinal bute weld: includes longitudinal and spiral welded butt joints in drums, shells, headers, pipes, and tubes; any welded butt joine within a sphere or within a formed or fat head or tubesheet; and welded butt joints attaching Insert-nozzles of the type shown in Figure PW-16., illustrations (q-1) through (q+) nondestructive examination (NDE): examination methods used to verify the integrity of materials and welds in a component without damaging its structure or altering its mechanical properties. NDE may involve surface, sub- surface, and volumetric examination, ‘NPS: nominal pipe size volumetric NDE: a method eapable of detecting imperfec- tions that may be located anywhere within the examined volume. For Section I construction, volumetric NDE is lim- ited to radiographic (RT) and ultrasonic (UT) examination methods. PW-1L3 For use with Table PW-11, the size and thickness of welded butt joints is defined as the larger and thicker of the two abutting edges after edge preparation. ‘The geometric unsharpness Uy is defined by the equation Uy = asd distance from source of radiation to the weld distance from the source side af the weld tothe flm source size; the maximum projected dimension of the radiating source (or effective focal spot) in the plane perpendicular to the distance D from the weld Uy = geometric unsharpness PW-13 HEAD-TO-FLANGE REQUIREMENTS Dished heads, other than hemispherical, concave to pressure to be attached by hutt welding, and flanged heads or flanged furnace connections to be fillet welded, shall have a length of flange not less than 1 ia, (25 mm) for heads or furnace openings not over 24 in. (600 mm) In external diameter and not less than 1% in. (38 mm) for heads or furnace openings over 24 in. (600 mm) in diameter PW-14 OPENINGS IN OR ADJACENT TO WELDS ‘Any type of opening that meets the requirements for compensation given in PG-32 through PG-44 may be lo cated in a welded joint PW-15 WELDED CONNECTIONS PW-15.1 Nozzles, other connections, and their com- pensation may be attached to vessels by arc or gas weld- Ing. Sufficient weld and compensation shall be providedASME BPVCE-2017 figure Pw-9..3 vada Shas a a : : eg Les ign) Li Steer idole dst Seen auel Foote cye cae ieee le a heyy 1 taper inside: a : i tious |E termi |e | : ‘side only, e = - cease |} LT esptyaip rar | | ae falta (dibs silo ieee ae ros ee isa ome em ed sho halo ioc Eafe eet etreerco Me Ee ER eee maa ane a areas a ste an airs oni x 96ASME pvcL2017 Figure PW-9.4 Prohibited Welded Joint ‘on either side ofthe plane through the center of the open: ing parallel to the longitudinal axis ofthe vessel, to devel ‘9p the required strength, as prescribed in PG-37, in shear or tension, whichever Is applicable (see Figure PW-15 for example calculations, where, if fillet weld has unequal legs, the value of WL; or WL shall be taken as the length of the shorter leg). PW-15.1.1 The stress correction factors in PW-15.2 shall apply to all welds. PW-15.1.2 The strength of fillet welds shall be based on one-half the area subjected to shear, computed fon the average diameter of the weld PW-15.1.3 The strength of groove welds shall be based on one-half the area subjected to shear or tension, a6 applicable, computed using the minimum weld depth dimension in the direction under consideration, PW-15.1.6 The strongth calculations for nozzle at- tachment welds are not required for the weld configura: tions shown in Figure PW-16.1, illustrations (a) through (©), (2) (h), (0), (4-1) through (q-4). (u-1), (v-1}, (WI), (9, and (2). PW-15.2 Stress Values for Weld Metal. The allow- able stress values for groave and fillet welds in percen- tages of stress values far the vessel material are as follows: Ms Peveentog ‘rooveeweld tension 7485 (Groove-weld shear 0% illeceld shear 23% NOTE: Thee values are obtinod by combining the following factors £87498 for combined end and side loading 80% fr shear strength, and the applicable ointefclency factors PW-15.3 Compensation plates and sales of nozzles attached to the outside ofa vessel shall be provided with atleast one telitale hole [maximum size Yin. (6 mm) pipe tap] that may be tapped fora preliminary compressed and soapsids test far tightness of welds that seal of the inside ofthe vessel. These telltale hols shall e let open whe the vessel sin service 97 PW-15.4 Figure PW-16.1 illustrates some types offi sion welded connections which are acceptable When end faces of nozzle or manhole necks are to re- main unwelded in the completed vessel, these end faces shall not be cut by shearing unless at least Yo in (3 mm) of additional metal is remaved by any method that will produce a smoath finish, PW-16 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR ATTACHMENT WELDS PW-16.1 General. Except as permitted in PW-165, PW-16.6, and PW-167 nozzles and other connections #0 shells, drums, and headers shall he attached by full pene- tration welds applied from one or both sides, partial pen tration welds applied from both sides, fillet welds applied fram beth sides, or fillet and partial penetration welds on opposite sides. In addition to the strength calcu lations required in PG-37, the location and minimum size of attachment welds for nozzles and other connections shall conform to the requirements in this paragraph, PW-16.2 Nomenclature. The symbols used in this paragraph and in Figures PW-16.1 and PW-16.2 are de- fined as follows = thickness of vessel shell or head not less than the smaller of ‘jg in. (6 mm) or [Link] (inside corner welds may be further ited by a lesser length of projection of the nozzle wall beyond the inside face of the vessel wall) thickness of lug, hanger, ar bracket, as shown in Figure PW-16.2 the smaller of Yq in, (19 mm) of the thickness of either of the weld parts joined by a fille, single bevel, or single J-weld thickness of nozzle wall dimension of partial penetration attachment welds (fillet, single bevel, or single ), measured as shown in Figure PW-16.1, fy + t2 2 1Yatnin measured as shown in Figure PW-16.1, in,,both ¢y ‘and ¢, shall each be not less than the smaller OF Ye It. (6 Mien) OF 0.7 ygTable PW-11 Required Volumetric Examination of Welded Butt Joints Pressure Part Service Conditions [Note (3 Subject to Furnace Radian Heat Note Not Subject to Furnace Radiant est [Not att Weld Type ‘Contains Seam andjer Water Contains Water Contains Steam ‘means ‘Al sves and thicknesses ‘Alsies an thickness ‘A zes ad tikes CCreumeronsa ween» NPS 30 (ON 280) or > NPS 10 (ON 20) or > NPS 10 (DN 250) or ‘rams end shells > 1Nn (29) eek > :n- 29 mm) Sen. (29 mm hk thick CGreumretial wasn» NPS4 (DN 100) or > NPS 10 (ON 260) o > NDS 16 (DN 400) or ‘ines tes, on > Yes (14 mn) tik > e- (28 mm) Sin (43 mm hick headers thick ‘GENERAL NOTES: [@) Unless exerted by this table, all ongitudinal and circumferential weldad but Joints are to be volumetrically examined ‘hroughost ther entre length (6) Volumetrie exarinaton i required when either the size or wall tknes ints exceeded (ie, the dlameter and thickness liieatons apply independent) (2. Raiographe examination shall be performed in accordance with P51, {} Ultrasonic examination shall be carved out in accordance with PW-52, (6) Personne performing the volumetric examination requtved by this table shall be quolifed and certifi in accordance with Pwst, (© Whon any combination of radicgraphi parameters produces a geometric unsharpness exceeding 0.07 in. (1.8 mm) then UT shall be weed (e)_ Where the thickness i Below Jin (13 mm) then RT shall be use (0) Both RT and UT examination are requires for weld in fritc materiale using the electslag process. a grain refining (aus tenlzng) heat treatment i se the UT examination shall be perform after the est tentment fs completed an austen Ing heat treatment isnot used, the UT examination shall be done afer an intermediate postweld heat treatment er after the ‘nal poste heat treatment is completed, (0) Both RT and UT examination are required for welds in any material using the inertia or continuous dive fiction welding process 0) Foretecarc bolersvolumetee examination ¢ not reguired when the maximum allowable working pressure i £100 psig (700 Pa) and the shell LD. iss 16 i. (40 mm) (Gee PEB-). (0) For fret boilers, volumetric examination ie not required for (2), longiudinalweided bt joint in armaces made with the ation oiler metal provided a hend testo sample ofthe ‘weld jin foreach section ofthe furnace meets the requirements of PW-S3 (2). ircumferentia welded butt jolts in furaces (se PFT-14) (3) bute weld and corner cits meeting the requirements of PET-22.1 through PET-21.3 for waterlegs, furnaces, and fireboxes (0). Fer miniature boilers, wohumetrc examination i not required (sce PMD), (7m) Volumetric examination Is not required for te langiudinl weld in ERW procuct that comply with an acceptable material specification when used for construction within the linitations of P6-95, (a) For watertobebotlers, volumetric examination snot required for butt welds and corner joint meeting the requirements of| PWT-12 and PFT-2, Notes (1) Service conditions and pressure part contents areas determined bythe designer. (2) A eld will mothe considered subject to radiant hes from the furnace when in a portion ofa pressure part that hes five or mare rows af tubes between it and the rma, 98ASME BPVCI.2017 ofthe affected area, and an engineering evaluation for dls- position shall be performed by the Manufacturer respon: sible for certifying the boller uni. PW-44.8.4 Other elements that may be considered for inclusions in the production examination progeam in elude the following (a) validation of chemical composition of the clad, par ticularly chromium 0) documentation of dimensional characteristics of the completed component (@) records of clad areas for each weld consumable used (a) bardness testing (©) examining the clad surface with copper sulfate to identify bare areas @) macroscopic and microscopic metallographic sampling PW-44.9 Defects confined tothe clad, revealed by the ‘examinations in PW-4.8 or found otherwise, that da not fencroach on the minimum clad thickness or the minimum total wall thickness shall be removed locally by mechan- ical means and the area smoothly blended to the adjacent contour. Defects that encroach on the minimum clad thickness or the minimum total wall thickness shall be ‘weld repaired in accordance with the applicable portions of PW-41. All repaired areas shall subsequently be exam ined to the requirements of PW-84.8 and subparagraphs and shown to conform to the acceptance standards in A270, INSPECTION AND TESTS PW-46 GENERAL PW-46.1 ‘The rules in the following paragraphs apply specifically to the inspection and testing of power boilers and power boiler parts that are fabricated by welding and shall be used in conjunction with the general require ‘ments for inspection and tests in Part PG as well as the specific requirements for inspection and tests in the ap: plicable Parts of this Section that pertain to the type of boiler under consideration, PW-46.2 Inspection During Fabrication. The Manu- facturer shall submit the vessel or other pressure part {or inspection at such stages ofthe work as may be desig nated by the Inspector PW-47 CHECK OF WELDING PROCEDURE PW-47.1 [tis the duty of the Inspector to assure him self that the welding procedures employed in construc tion have been qualified under the provisions of Section IX. The Manufacturer shall submit evidence to the Inspec tor that those requirements have been met PW-47.2 ‘The Inspector has the right at any time to call for and witness the test welding and testing although itis not mandatory that he witness the test welding and the testing unless he so desires PW-48 CHECK OF WELDER AND WELDING OPERATOR PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATIONS PW-48.1 Itisthe duty of the Inspector to assure him: self thatall welding is done by welders or welding opera: tors qualified under the provisions of Section IX. The ‘Manufacturer shall make available to the Inspector a cer: tified copy of the record of performance qualification tests of each welder and welding operator as evidence that these requirements have been met. PW-48.2 The Inspector has the right at any time to call for and witness the test welding and testing although it is not mandatory that he witness the test welding and the testing unless he so desires. PW-49 CHECK OF HEAT TREATMENT PRACTICE ‘The Inspector shall satisfy himself that all heat treating operations required by the Code have heen correctly performed, PW-50 QUALIFICATION OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION PERSONNEL PW-50.1 ‘The Manufacturer shall be responsible for assuring that nondestructive examination (NDE) person- nol have been qualified and certified in accordance with their employer's written practice prior to perforining or evaluating radiographic or ultrasonic examinations re- quired by this Section, SNT-TC-14** or CP-189 shall be used as a guideline for employers to establish their writ- ten practice. If the techniqutes of computed radiography (CR), digital radiography (DR), phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT), or ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) are used, the training, experience, and examina- ton requirements in Section V, Article 1, Mandatory Append I shal also be Incluced im the employer's wr ten practice for each technique as applicable, National or International Central Certification Programs may be used to fulfill the examination and demonstration require- ments of the employer's written practice, Provisions for training, experience, qualification, and certification of [NDE personnel shall be described in the Manufacturer's quality control system (see PG-105.4). PW-50.2 _ NDE personnel shall be qualified by exam nation, Qualification of NDE Level Ill personnel certified prior to the 2004 Edition of Section | may be based on de monstrated ability, achievement, education, and expert tence. Such qualification shall he specifically addressed im the written practice. If the NDE Level Ill personnel are certified in either the RT or UT methods and uses the techniques of computed radiography (CR), digital radiography (DR), phased array ultrasonic testing 28 ar,ASME BPVC-2017 (PAUT), oF ultrasonic time-of-fight diffraction (TOFD), then prior to their next recertification period, the require- ments in Section V, Article 1, Mandatory Appendix Il for Level Il personnel shall also be met. When NDE person- nel have heen certified in accordance with a written prac- tice based on an edition of SNT-TC-1A or CP-189 earlier ‘than that referenced in A-360, their certification shall be valid until their next scheduled recertification, PW-50.3 Recertification shall he in accordance with the employer's written practice based on the edition of SNT-TC-1A or CP-189 referenced in 4-360. Recertification may be based on evidence of continued satisfactory per- formance or by reexamination(s) deemed necessary by ‘the emplayer- In addition, fthe techniques of computed radiography (CR), digital radiography (DR), phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT), or ultrasonic time-of-flight dif- fraction (TOFD) are used, the training, experience, and ex amination requirements in Section V, Article 1, Mandatory Appendix I! shall he met by NDE personnel prior to recertification PW-51 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PW-511 When the radiographic examination method is used for a weld requiring volumetric examination by PW-11, the weld shall he examined throughout its entire length by the X-ray or gamma-ray method in accordance with Section V, Article 2. The requirements of 1-274 are to be used as a guide but not forthe rejection of radiographs unless the geometrical unsharpness exceeds 0.07 in. (1.8 mm) PW-51.2 A single-weldod circumferential butt joint ‘with backing strip may be radiographed without remav- ing the backing strip, provided it is not to be removed subsequently and provided the image ofthe backing strip ‘does not interfere withthe interpretation of the resultant radiographs, PW-51.3 Indications shown on the radiographs of ‘welds and characterized as imperfections are unaccepta- ble under the following conditions, and shall be repaired as provided in PW-40 and the repair radiographed to PW-5I: PW-513.1 Any indication characterized as a crack, br zone of incomplete fusion or penetration PW-51.3.2 Any other elongated indication on the radiograph that has a length greater than (6) Yai. (6 mm) for ¢ up 10% in. (19 mm) (0) it for ¢ from Yq in. (19 mmm) to 2% in. (57 mm) (0% in. (19 mm) for t over 244 in. (57 mm) where ¢ is the thickness of the weld PW-5L3.3 Any group of aligned indications that have an ageregate length greater than ¢ in a length of 12¢, except when the distance between the successive i- perfections exceeds 62. where L is the length of the long: fest imperfection in the group, 130 PwW513.4 shown in 4-250, Rounded indications in excess of those PW-51.4 A complete set of radiographs for each job shall be retained by the Manufacturer and kept on file for a period of at least 5 years. Radiographs may be re: tained as film, digital images, or files. If film radiographs are digitized, the digitization shall be in accordance with Section V, Article 2, Mandatory Appendix i, PW-52_ ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PW-52.1 When the ultrasonic examination method is uused for a weld requiring volumetric examination by PW-11, the weld shall be examined throughout its entire length using the techniques and standards for ultrasonic examination as defined in Section V, Article 4, Mandatory Appendix Vil, Ultrasonic Examination Requirements for a Workmanship Based Acceptance Criteria. As an alterna tive, Nonmandatory Appendix E may be used for the ul- trasonic examination of welds requiring volumetric examination by PW-L1 PW-52.2 The Manufacturer's report, as required by Section V, Article 4, 7-490, shall be retained by the Man- tfacturer for a minimum of § yr PW-52.3 Acceptance-Rejection Standards. Imper- fections that cause an indication to exceed the evaluation levels speeified in Section V shall be investigated to the extent that the ultrasonic examination personnel can de termine their shape, Identity, and location, and evaluate them in terms of PW-52.3.1 and PW-52.3.2, PW-52.3.1 Cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete penetration are unacceptable regardless of length, PW-523.2 Other imperfections are unacceptable if ‘the indication exceeds the reference level and their length exceeds the fallowing: (0) in. (6 mm) for € up to Yin, (19 mm) (0) ‘pe for ¢ from %q in. (19 mm) to 2% in, (57 mm) (0% in. (19 mm) for t over 2% in. (57 mm) ‘where ¢is the thickness ofthe weld being examined. Ifthe weld joins two members having different thicknesses at the weld, ¢ Is the thinner of these two thicknesses. PW-53 TEST PLATES PW-53.1 Vessel Test Plates. Cylindrical pressure parts such as drums and shells and all noncylindrical pressure parts that are subject to internal pressure and are fabricated by fusion welding, shall meet the test re quirements in PW-53.2 through PW-53.9, The following, are exempt from these requirements: (a) cylindrical pipe, tubes, and headers subject to inter nal pressure (b) all eylindrical pressure parts cons materials ( all antachment welds ucted of P-No, 1 ay a7)ASME BPVC1-2017 A-100.4.4 _P-No. 5A, Group No. 1 and P-No. $8, Group No. 1. 40°F (205°C) for material that has either a specified minimum tensile strength in excess of 60,000 psi (410 MPa) or has both a specified minimum chromium content above 6.0% and a thickness at the joint in excess of Yq in. (13 mm); 300°F (150°C) for all ather materials inthis grouping A-10¢ (205°C, 5 P-No. 6, Group No. 1, 2, 3. 400°F 1-10.46 P-No. 7, Group No. 2, 2. None. A-100.4.7P-No. 8, Group No. 1, 2. None. A-100.4.10 P-No. 10A, Group No. 1. 175°F (80°C). A-100.4.11 P-No, 101, Group No. 1. 300°F (150°C) with interpass maintained between 350°F and 40°F (175°C and 230°C), A-100.4.12 _P-No. 15E, Group No. 1, 400°F (205°C) for material that has elther a specified minimum tensile strength in excess of 60,000 psi (410 MPa) or has bath a specified minimum chromium content above 6.0% and a thickness at the joint in excess of a in. (13 mm); '300°F (150°C) for all other materials in this grouping. ‘A-101 HEATING AND COOLING RATES FOR POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT AAAOLI Heating and evoling rates for weldments and materials should be established by the Manufacturer. ‘These rates should be sulficient to avoid inducing distor~ tion, residual stresses, cracking, and other detrimental ef fects into the weldment during postweld heat treatment. Heating and cooling rates should be established based, in part, upon successful past practice for specific materials and thicknesses, by using other Codes and Standards as a gulde, or by engineering analysis. A-101.2 For thicknesses of 2 in. or greater, the fllow- ing rates of heating and cooling should be applied; how: ever, these rates should not be applied to P-No. 7 and [Link]. 101 welded base materials: (a) Above 800°F (425°C), the heating rate should not exceed 600°F//hr (335°C/h) divided by the thickness in inches, but in no case should it be more than 600°F/hr (338°C/h), (b) Above 800*F (425°C), the cooling rate should not exceed 600°F/r (335°C/h) divided by the thickness in inches, but in no case should it be more than 600°F /hr (335°C/h), () The rates of heating and cooling need not be less than 100°F hr (S5°C/b) From 800*F (425°C) or below, the pressure part should be cooled in stil air. 264 ROUNDED INDICATION CHARTS A-250 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD FOR RADIOGRAPHICALLY DETERMINED ROUNDED INDICATIONS IN WELDS A-250.1 Applicability of These Standards. These standards are applicable to ferritic, austenitic, and non Ferrous materials, 42502 Terminology. A-250.2.1 Rounded Indications. Indications with a maximum length of three times the width or less on the radiograph are defined as rounded indications. These dications may be circular elliptical, conical, or regular in shape and may have tals. When evaluating the size of an indication, the tail shall be included. The indication may be from any imperfection in the weld, such as porosity, slag, or tungsten A-250.2.2 Aligned Indications. A sequence of four ‘or more rounded indications shall be considered to be aligned when they touch a line parallel to the length of the weld drawn through the center of the twa outer rounded indications. A-250.2.3 Thickness t. ¢ is the thickness of the weld, excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining two parts having different thicknesses at the weld, ris the thinner ofthese two thicknesses. IF fall penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of the fillet weld throat shall be included in ¢ ‘A-2503 Acceptance Criteria A-250.3.1 Image Density. Density within the i age of the indication may vary and is not a criterion for acceptance or rejection. A-250.3.2 Relevant Indications (See Table £-250.3.2for Examples) Ony those rounded indications which exceed the following dimensions shall be eons fred relevant: (6) ot for ¢ tess han My in, (3 mm) (6) “fea in. (0.4 mm) for ¢ Ye in. to Ys in. (6 mm), inchusive “o “Yao in. (0.8 mm) for ¢ Yin. (6 mm) to 2 in. (50 mm), (6) froin (16 mm) for € greater than 2 in, (50 mm) 4-2503.3__ Maximum Size of Rounded Indication (See Table A-250.32 for Examples). The maximum per- missible size of any indication shall be Yt, oF Yaa It (4 min), whichever is smaller: except that an isolated in dication separated from an adjacent indication by 1 in. (25mm) or more may be Yt, or 4 in. (6 m7), whichever isless. Fre greater than 2 in. (50 mm) the maximum per- imssible size ofan slated indication shal be Increased to Yin. (10 mm) A-250.3.4 Aligned Rounded Indications. Aligned rounded indications are acceptable when the summation of the diameters ofthe indications is es than ¢ na lengthASME BPVCL-2017 of 12¢ (see Figure A-250.3.4-1). The length of groups of aligned rounded indications and the spacing between the groups shall meet the requirements of Figure A-2503.4-2, A-250.3.5 Spacing. The distance between adjacent rounded indications is not a factor in determining accep- tance or rejection, except as required for isolated i tons or groups of aligned indications, A-250.3.6 Rounded Indication Charts. The rounded indications characterized as imperfections shall not exceed that shown in the charts. ‘The charts in Figures A-250,3.6-1 through A-25033.6-6 illustrate various types of assorted, randomly dispersed, and clustered rounded indications for different weld thicknesses greater than Yin (3 mm). These charts re- present the maximum acceptable concentration limits {for rounded indications. ‘The chart for each thickness range represents full-scale 6 in, (150 mm) radiographs, and shall not be enlarged or reduced, The distributions shown are not necessarily the patterns that may appear on the radiograph, but are ty cal of the concentration and size of indications permitted. A-250.3.7 Weld Thickness t Less Than % in. (3mm). For ¢ less than Yin. (3 mm), the maximum num ber of rounded indications shall not exceed 12 in a 6 i. (150 mm) length of weld, A proportionally fewer number of indications shall be permitted in welds less than 6 in. (250 mm) in length, A-250.3.8 Clustered indications. The iustrations for clustered indications show up to four times as many indications in a local area, as that shown in the illustra- tions for random indications, The length of an acceptable luster shall not exceed the lesser of 1 in, (25 min) ar 2 Where more than one cluster is present, the sum of the lengths ofthe clusters shall not exceed 1 in. (25 mm) in 26 In, (150 mm) length of wold Table A-250.3.2 ‘Maximum Permissible Size of Rounded Indication (Examples Only) US Gastomary Units ‘Thelness tin, Random nated es than he “he % cost amie he naz ‘nse x nea foes he 0078 oxo % 097 os he 108 ease x oxas 0368 ‘hs naz 88 0156 aie She 0156 0230 3 to2 in, aise 1250 Over? ose 0375 Maximum Size of Acceptable Maximum Rounded indication, mm Size of Indication, ‘Thickness [Link] Random __Ieolated tom ase han 3 ae he “ht 5 19 160 38 6 160 zat 038 5 198 zee 078 0 231 aaa 078 au ar aot 078 B ne az 078 o 261 aa 078 16 395 535 079 w 396 sae 078 194950 nc 396 638, ore over 0 396 983 160ASME HPVEL.2017 EL 0 aa] © BEE Ha] a FBT OF 790 WHS LON WARNED by = suope>ipul papunoy paubyry Tere ose-v ainbia 266; Sy dno ayo wr -BLON WAND > waa) ew) we BLO ‘pevenjene (une U0} (uu 5) a1 oun 517 910408 16 (uu 61) 1 | 5 He suoy2>1pu papunoy paubjny yo sdnosg TreosT-y aunbLy 267ASME BPVC.-2017 a7 Figure A-250.3.6-1 Charts for t % in. (3 mm) to % in. (6 mm), Incl ae Pa aaee eaves - . : : ° (@} Random Rounded Indications (tote |3)) Fotis amma] [etm 25mm} (rotted ination Noe te\ouster nares (1) Typical concentration and size permed in any 6 in (150 mm) length of weld (2) Maximum size per Table A.25033.2. Figure A-250.3.6-2 Charts for t Over Yq in. (6 mm) to % in. (10 mm), Inclusive Terre : Sean : es: oe: ‘ eens BR dcr Aeesiet) . e ° e Fete. asm] fet. 26 mmo] (6) Isoated indication [Note (2) (e) Cluster (2) Typ eonceneation and sve permite in any 6 in (250 mm) length of weld (2) Minimum size per Table A-250:32 268ASME BPVCA-2017 Figure A-250.3.6-3, Charts for t Over % in. (10 mm) to % in. (19 mm), Inclusive fe ate e (: cee e (2c. fetin 25mm] fern asm] ores (2) Types concentection and sine permitted in any 6 in (150 mam) Int of wel (2) Minium size per Table A2503.2 Figure A-250.3.6-4 Charts for ¢ Over % in. (19 mm) to 2 in, (50 mm), Inclusive O oof, Jetin25mm—] — fetin. 25mm] ores: [1) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in (150 mm) length of weld [2) Minimum sire per Table 4250.32, 269igure A-250.3.6: (100 mm), Inclusive CCharts for t Over 2 in, (50 mm) to 4 +e ee .@ ete ° : : ra {a} Random Rounded Indeations [Note |1)) 1 i cgi ve e . z . o ae Fina mma] Ft ae mm 0) oat Indeaton Note) (orcuster ores (2) Types concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (350 mm) length of wel (2) Minimum sie per Table A2503.2ASME BPUCI-2017 Figure A-250.3.6-6 Charts for t Over 4 in. (100 mm) Foimaoom—] Feinasnm] (etd neaton Net (o-cster (1) Typ concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mem) length of weld (2) Minioum size per Table 425032 anASME BPVCH-2017 METHODS FOR MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION (MT) A260 A-260.1 Scope. This Appendix provides for prove- dures that shall be followed whenever magnetic particle examination is required by PG-63. The detailed examina ‘ton method of Section V, Article 7 shall be used with the acceptance erteria specified in this Appendix. Magnetic particle examination shall be performed in accordance with a writen procedure, demonstrated to the satisfac tion of the Inspectar, and certified by the Manufacturer to be in accordance with the requirement of Section V, Subsection A, Article 1, T-150(a) or T-150(), 4-260.2 Certification of Personnel. The Manufac turer shall certify that each magnetic particle examiner meets the following requirements: (a) The examiner has vison, with correction if neces sary, to enable him to read a Jaeger Type No. 2 Standard Chart ata distance of nat less than 12 n. (300 ram) and is ‘capable of distinguishing and differentiating contrast be- tween colors used. These capabilities shall be checked anally. (b) The examiner is competent inthe techniques ofthe magnetic particle examination method for which he is certified, including making the examination and inter preting and evaluating the results, except that where ‘the examination method consists of more than one apera tion, he may be certified as being qualified only for one or more ofthese operations. ‘A-260.3 Evaluation of Indications. Indications will be revealed by retention of magnetic particles. All uch in dications are not necessarily imperfections, however, since excessive surface roughness, magnetic permeability variations (such as at the edge of heat-affected zones), ete, may produce similar indications. ‘An indication ofan imperfeetion may be larger than the Imperfection that causes it; however, the sizeof the indi cation is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Only indica tions that have any dimension greater than "yg in (15 mm) shall be considered relevant (a) linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width, (6) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to oF less than three times its width (c) Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to determine whether or not they are relevant. 4-260.4 Acceptance Standards. All surfaces to he examined shall be free of (a) relevant linear indications (b}relevant rounded indications greater than %e in (6 mm) (6) four oF more relevant rounded indications ina line separated by "hy in. (15 mn) of less, edge to edge 2m METHODS FOR LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION (PT) NOTE: Satisfactory application of this method of examination re ‘ules special sil inthe techniques involved! and in Interpreting the resule The requiremente specified herein presume application by suitably experienced personnel A-270 A-270.1 Scope. This Appendix provides for proce: dures that shall be followed whenever liquid penetrant examination is required by PG-93, The detailed examina tion method of Section V, Article 6 shall be used with the acceptance criteria specified in this Appendix. Liquid pen etrant examination shal be performed in accordance with a written procedure, demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Inspector, and certified by the Manufacturer to be in accordance withthe requirement of Section V, Subsection A, Artile 4, T-150(a} or -150(b), A-270.2 Certification of Personnel. Tine Manufse: turer shall certify that each liquid penetrant examiner ‘meets the following requirements: (a) The examiner has vision, with correction if neces- sary, to enable him to read a Jaeger Type No. 2 Standard Chart at a distance of not less than 12 in, (300 mm) and is capable of distinguishing and differentiating contrast be- tween colors used. These capabilities shall he checked annually. (b) The examiner is competent in the techniques of the Liquid penetrant examination method for which he is cer- ted, including making the examination and interpreting and evaluating the results, except that where the exam nation method consists of more than one operation, he may be certified as being qualified only for one or more of these operations. -270.3_ Evaluation of indications. An indication of an imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it; however, the size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Only indications that have any dimension greater than "yg in. (1.8 mm) shall be con sidered relevant. (a} 4 linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width (b} A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to or less than three times its width (] Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to determine whether or not they are relevant, A-270.4 Acceptance Standards. ll surfaces to be ex amined shall be free of (q) relevant linear indications (b) relevant rounded indications greater than in (mm) (¢) four or more relevant rounded indications in line separated by ‘hg in. (1.5 mm) or less, edge to edge