ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԌ:

áҷ ҫāê
ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ
öӝäúԆԘ
ÿîúҷôéԁäԌ
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 01

îҟӕ A ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԌ ÞԊòúԐ ÞԊí ïԏҹԌ ìúԊ 04

ÞԊí ÿëӚԉҫÿäúԑôĀöԇҧԌ?

A1. ïíìóԈӕòԊ ÞԊòúԐ ÞԊí? 04

A2. ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԌ ÞԊîҫ ÞԊí ïԏҹԌ 04

ÞԂäҽԁҟ Úԉëԃ æԆéԌ ßԊ ҳԁӐðïúíҫ?

A3. ìāéҳāò öõԁҟԈ ÿëúҟԋұ 06

îҟӕ B ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ØһöóäԌ ÞԊí ÿæԍҵԌ? 07

B1. ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ 07

B2. ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôӚԊ îӔäԑ 07

B3. ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ØһöóäԌ 08

B4. öҷāäðúôԎ ҟҿӜԊ îԂҟäԑ 08

îҟӕ C ìéԋӗһԑô ëӠðúԑ ØԐóҫ ÿæúԈҫԋ ÿîúҹԋұԁ 09

ҟҿ ÜҹԋӗíԎäҽԁҟ ÞԊí ӖäҿԌ?

îҟӕ D ìúԊ ÞԋîԘ áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ Ùöҫ? 09

îҟӕ E ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäӞԊ ØӕäúñԂäԑ, 10

äéāïäԑ ïԏҹԌ ÿîúҹԋұäԑ ðúāö?

E1. áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ ÞԋĀîúҫ 10

ĀëāöԋîҧöúԎ?

E2. ìúԊ ÞҧԁäԁҠԘð ìéöԘԁāääҽԌ ҳԘӁäҽԌ 11

ðúāö?

E3. áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ 11

ÿæԍðԁҠԘðāöҵԌ ÿæԍðԁҠéúëāöҵԌ
ðúāö?
02 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 03

E4. ïԏò äԆҧԋîúҧäԑ 12 ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìñúä îԂҟ öӐԁä ӬԂäԑ

ĀëԎӁ ÿæԍðԋîԆéúԐ Úԉë āäĀðҧ ÜԂäҽԁҟ
E5. ӜóԁäԋîԆé ҳԘӁäԑ ðúāö? 13
öӝäúԆҧӐòҫ. ÜԂäӞԊ ÿîúҹԋұäāôԋîԏӟ
14 áҷ ңҷԁäïúí ӜöӚԋāî Úҫ ÜԂäҽԁҟ öõԂҟԌ.
E6. áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìӚԊ ØӕäúñԂäԑ
ÞԋĀîúҫ ҳԘöāéӐԊòí? ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ ÞԊò ҳāòәԐ
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôöԎäԑ ңðïúä
E7. ÞԊ äéāïäāô ÙԏҹԌĀîúҫ ìúԊ ÿæóӁ 14 ҳԘӁäԑ Þҧԁä ҳԘðúë ӖāóәԐ ØöԎäҽԁäúä
ÿæԍë îêԌ Ûҧ ÿæԍðԋîҧïú? Øԉë ҳԘӁäāô ÞҧԋîҫԌ ÿæðԐîҧöҫԌ
ÜԂäӞԊ ÿîúҹԋұ ÙҟԌ.
E8. ìúԊ Þҧԁä ĀöԇԘð ҳԘӁäԑ ӬӕïԊò 14
ÙāêәԐ ØéԂäӜԐāó ÞԊòúԐ ÞԊí ÿîúҷôúëúñ, ïҷԈҫö ØԐóҫ ëӠðúԑ ìóԊ
ìéԁҟԌ? ӜöäúñԂäԑ æԌïԉëԋîԆé Ӓñïïúí ØԐóҫ
Ӓԁäóúí ҳԘӁäԑ ÞҧԁҟԌ ØүîöԌ ÜԂäҽԁҟ
E9. ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäҽԁҟ Þԓöāä 15 ßԏîԆéúԐ, ӬԂäԑ áҷ ңĀðԃāæðúí æԆé ïԏҹԌ/
îúҫäúԋұäԑ Üԑôҫ? ØԐóҫ ïԏò ÿëúӝԐҳāò ÙĀóúæāíāð
ìúҧïúҹ ìúԂäԑ îӚԉҫāñԁӐĀòúԌ.
E10. ìúԊ îӕӁ ҟӟԋұäԑ āöԈҫԁÿäúԑô 15
Āöԇҧïú? Úԉë öӝäúԆԘәԐ Üԑô äԏîāíԁ äúԆӒ
ØāïԋұäҽԌ ÜëúñêԂäҽԌ ÿöҹԌ
ӜôԁäïӞԁä ÜëӁԌ ÞҧԈҫԁäúԆҧäԑ
îҟӕ F ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԈӕԊ ӦԒ Üԑô àԉҫ 16 ïԆҧĀï. Úāö äԏîāíԁ äëúîúԈӕñԂäāôҵԌ
æԆéҲԎöïúí ÿìӟäԑ ðúāö ïԏҹԌ Øöԏāò ìúԊ ҤԒӖāóäāôҵԌ îðԊîҧԈҫӐԊòí. Øāö ßԏò
Þԓöúҹ îðԊîҧԈëóúԌ? öõԁҟäҽԁäúí ÿëúӝԐҳāò ÙĀóúæāíԁҟ
ïúԏòúíāö ØԐó. ØĀëúҧ, áԈë ҤԒӖāóäӞԐ
Þҧԁäԋîé ĀöԇԘð ҳԘöäҽԁҟ Þԉë öāäәһԌ
îҟӕ G ҫԊұҹԈëԐ ìéԋîëúä ÞöĀñүԌ æԉĀëäԋîԆéúԐ 22 Øāö îðԊîҧԈëԋîéԁҠԘð ҳԊĀíúԘ
ÞԊí ìéԁҟԌ? ҳԘöúä ÞҧԈҫԁÿäúԑôԋîéԁҠéúҫ. Øāö
Þԉë áҷ öõԁӐһԌ áҷ ӬӕïԊòԌ Þԓöúҹ
G1. ðúāñ ÞԃæӚԋîҫ? 22 ҳԘÿöҧԁҟԌ ÞԊҹ ңԆԘԁäúԆҧîāö
ØԐó. ÚӕԐ ÜëúñêԂäӞԐ ӜöӚԁäԋîéúë,
G2. äúԆԘԁÿäúҧԋĀîúԎ îúҫäúԋұ 23
ëҟԉë ØԘԋîāé ÜԇāïäҽԌ ØéԂäóúԌ.

îҟӕ H ĀïԐ ӜöñԂäāô ìúԊ ÞԂҟ ĀëéóúԌ? 24

ìúԌ
Ӝôԁäԃÿæúԏäԑ 26
ÿëúéԂҟԌ
ҳԊ
04 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 05

îҟӕ A
c. ØӟöúԏòԐ Ýíҳԏò ӗԑāôäāôԁ ÿäúԇé ÿîԏĀòúԎ ëԂäāô
ØöԎëԌ ӗԑāôäӞԊ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹԎäôúäӁԌ ëԂäҽԁҟ
ïñêԌ ØԐóҫ ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧ ӖäҿԌ ëҷöúәԐ ëԂäҽԁҟԋ
ӗԊ öҷԌ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäôúä ïԏÿòúҷ ìîāñ ӖðӘԁäӁԌ
ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԌ ÞԊòúԐ ÞԊí ïԏҹԌ ìúԊ ӬӕïԊòԈӕéԌ ӜԇêԋîԌ ÿæԍð Øүïӕ öõԂҟӐòҫ;
ÞԊí ÿëӚԉҫÿäúԑôĀöԇҧԌ?
d. ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑô áҷöӚԊ ӘäԃӒòԉë ìóүԁäúä
ÿæԍðԋîԆéҫ ÞԊò Ӗîԉëāí Üԑîé Ӓó Ӗîԉëāíäԑ ӖāòӁ
A1. ïíìóԈӕòԊ ÞԊòúԐ ÞԊí? ÿæԍðԋîԆéúԐ ïԆҧĀï îñúïӚԋұ ïԏҹԌ ӒӐԃāæ ÿëúéԎîúä
ÞöĀñүԌ ÿæԍҵԌ ÿæðԐäҽԁҟ æԆéԌ îúҫäúԋāî öõԂҟӐòҫ;

ӕԆéöԆéïúí áҷ ҳԘāö áҷ ҟӟԋӗԆé ĀìñԈӕԐ Þҧԁä áҷ ìîҷԁҟԑô
ÙԏòĀó ïíìóԈӕòԊ ÞԊîëúҟԌ.
A2. ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԌ ÞԊîҫ ÞԊí ïԏҹԌ
ÞԂäҽԁҟ Úԉëԃ æԆéԌ ßԊ ҳԁӐðïúíҫ?
ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԌ (æԆéԌ) ïԁäԑ ëԂäӞԊ ïíìóԈӕòāí Úõԋîëԏҟ
ҳԊíĀñ ҳԊĀíúԁӐ ӕԆéӘҧöāëԃ æúԈӕðïúԁҟöҫéԊ ëԂäӞԊ
ÞӕԎäúóԈӕԏäúä ӜҷԋîԈĀëԎӁäԑ ÿæԍҵԌ ÙԏòāóҵԌ öõԂҟӐòҫ.
21 öðҫ ØԐóҫ ØëԏҟԌ ĀïԏîԆé öðҫāéðöԎäԑ ëúԂäôúäĀö
ҳԘӁäԑ ÿæԍð ïíìóԈӕòԊ ÚԐóúë ӖāóәԐ ØԌҳԘӁäāô ØöԎäӞԊ
æúԎîúäԃ ÿæԍðĀöԇԘð ØöӒðԈāë Øҫ āäðúҽӐòҫ.
e. ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôöԎäҽԁҟ îúҫäúԋāî öõԂҟӐòҫ;
f. ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôöԎ ĀîúԐ ĀëúԏòԌ ØӞԁҟԌ áҷ ìîӚԊ
æúԎîúä ßĀëүԌ ҳԘÿöҧԁҟԌ ØԐóҫ ßĀëүԌ ìéöԘԁāä
ÞҧԁҟԌ ÞöĀñүԌ ӗԊîԏò ĀöԇԘð àԉҫ æԆéҲԎö ÿìӟäāôԁ
ÿäúԇҧԑôҫ; ĀïһԌ
g. ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ÞԊò ұҫ Øһöóāñ ÜҷöúԁӐҵԑôҫ. Úöñҫ
îӔäӞԐ, Ӭԇéäúó Øӕäúñԋ îԈӕñԂäҽԁäúí (LPA) áҷ
îӕĀöԆāéҵԌ, ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäāô ӖðӘԁҟԌ ӬӕïԊò
Ùāêäҽԁäúí áҷ îӕĀöԆāéҵԌ Āîҩöҫ, ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìԎäāô ĀïԏîúԎāö ÿæԍöҫ ïԏҹԌ ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԑ,
ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԑ ÙӐĀðúӚԊ Ӯëúí ҫԊұҹԈëԐ
ҟԏòԃæúԆāéԁ āäðúҽöҫ ÙӐðāö ØéԂҟԌ.

æԆéԌ ĀïһԌ:

a. ÞӕԎäúóԈӕԐ ëúԂäԑ ïíìóԈӕòāí ÚõԉҫӜԆéúĀóú ïԏҹԌ

ÚõԁҟԌ ĀîúĀëú ØöԎäӞԊ æúԎîúäԃ ÿæðԐîéӁԌ ҳԘӁäԑ
ÞҧԁäӁԌ áԊĀòú ØԐóҫ Øëԏҟ ĀïԏîԆé ìîԎäāôĀðú (ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìԎäԑ) ӖðӘԁä áҷ Ӭԇéäúó Øӕäúñԋ îԈӕñԈāëԈ (Lasting
Power of Attorney, LPA) ëԊӠԃāæðúäԃ ÿæԍð Øүïӕ ØӞԁӐòҫ;

b. ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑô áҷöӚԊ æúԎîúä áҷ ҳԘāöԃ ÿæԍð

ĀöԇԘð ØöӒðԌ ßԏîҧԌĀîúҫ ҳԘÿöҧԁҟԌ ӗñӕӖӕ ÚԐóúҫ
ĀîúíúԐ, ÿæðԐîҧöëԏҟԌ, ҳԘӁäԑ ÞҧԋîëԏҟԌ ïԏҹԌ
ÿæðԐîéӁԌ ӬӕïԊòԌ áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìāñ ØүïӕԁӐòҫ;
06 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 07

A3. ìāéҳāò öõԁҟԈ ÿëúҟԋұ

ìāéҳāò öõԁҟԈ ÿëúҟԋұ ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԈāë ӜôԁҟӐòҫ.
îҟӕ B
ìāéҳāòәԐ æԆéԌ ÞԋîԘ îðԊîҧԈëԋîé ĀöԇҧԌ ÞԊîāëԋîԏӟ Øҫ
ĀïһԌ ÿëӞöúԁҟӐòҫ.
ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ØһöóäԌ ÞԊí ÿæԍҵԌ?

B1. ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ

ïԁäҽԁҟԁ ӦԒԁäԇé öāääӞԐ ÜëӁӐòҫ:

• æԆéԈӕԊ ӦԒ ØöԎäҽāéð îԂāäҵԌ ÿîúҹԋұäāôҵԌ ұӚԉҫ

ÿäúԑöëԏҟ; ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑô, ÞӞӕԐ îúӕԁäԋîéԁҠԘð ëӠ ìîԎäӞԊ
äԇӔðԌ ïԏҹԌ ìóԊäāôԋ îúҫäúԁҟԌ ĀìúԁӐԐ ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ
• ÞӕԎäúóԈӕԐ ØöԎäҽԁҟԈ ӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧ ßԏîҧԌ ҤԒӖāóԁҟ ÿæðԐîҧӐòúԎ. ØöԎ ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ØһöóäԈӕԊ ëāóöҷԌ ÙöúԎ.
ÙðԈëïúä, ӬԂäԑ ÞҧԁäԁҠԘð ìéöԘԁāääāôԋ ұӚԉҫ
ÿäúԑöëԏҟ; ïԏҹԌ

• ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòԉëöԎäāôԋ îñúïӚԁҟԌĀîúҫ îðԊîҧԈëԋîé

B2. ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôӚԊ îӔäԑ
ĀöԇԘð ĀäúԆîúҧäāôԋ ұӚԉҫ ÿäúԑöëԏҟ.
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑô ìîԎäāô Úðóԃ ÿæԍöāëҵԌ, ØöԎäҽԁҟԋ
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòҵԑôöҷéԊ Úāêԉҫ ÿæðԐîҧԌ áԓÿöúҷöҷԁҟԌ îúҫäúԋұ ØӞԋîāëҵԌ ĀìúԁӐԃ ÿæðԐîҧԌ îóëñԋîԆé îӔäāôԋ
ìāéҳāò öõԁäԈÿëúҟԋұ ÙäԃӒòԉë ìāéҳāòäҽԁäúí ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ÿæԍӐòúԎ.
áҷ öӝäúԆԘðúҟԌ. îñúïӚԋұ ØӞԁä, ӜӕҳāòԋîԘ
äéāïԋîԆԘҷԋîöԎäāô, Øëúöҫ, ӖұêԎäԑ ĀîúԊòöԎäāô Úҫ ÚԋîӔäӞԐ ӦԒԁäԇéāöҵԌ ØéԂҟԌ:
ÜԑôéԁҟԌ. ÝӕðԌ ÿîҹԌ îñúïӚԋîúôԎäāôҵԌ, ïԏҹԌ ӜӕҳāòәԊ
öñԌӗүԑ ÚҷԁҟԌ îñúïӚԋîúôԎäāôҵԌ - Øëúöҫ, ӕòԊ ҟāòԉëöӚԊ a. Ӭԇéäúó Øӕäúñԋ îԈӕñԂäҽԁäúí (LPA) áҷ îӕĀöԆāéҵԌ
ҟҧԌîԈāëҵԌ ìԇîԎäāôҵԌ Úҫ ÜԑôéԁҟԌ. ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäāô ӖðӘԁҟԌ ӬӕïԊò Ùāêäҽԁäúí
îӕĀöԆāéҵԌ Āîҩöҫ;
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòԉëöҷԁҟԃ ÿæðԐîҧԌĀîúҫ ӦԒԁäúêԋîҧԌ ìîԎäԑ
ìāéҳāò öõԁäԈÿëúҟԋāî äҷԈӕԐ ÿäúԑôĀöԇҧԌ: b. ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäāô ĀïԏîúԎāö ÿæԍöҫ;

a. áҷ Ӭԇéäúó Øӕäúñԋ îԈӕñԌ (LPA) әԊ ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ; c. ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäӞéӘҷԉҫ Øӟԁāääāôԋ
ÿîԏҹԁÿäúԑöҫ; ĀïһԌ
b. ӬӕïԊòԈëúԐ ĀëԎӁ ÿæԍðԋîԆé ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ;
d. ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԈӕԊ ӦԒ Üԑô ßĀëүԌ Ӝӕ ӮòԋîԆҧӜԆéҫ
c. ӖұêԈҫö ӰӕәԐ ÿæðԐîҧîöԎäԑ, ÜëúñêԈӕԏҟ, öõԁҟāñèԎ, ÞԊò ҟԏòԃæúԆāé ӜæúӚԋîҫ. ÚӕԐ ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäҽԌ,
ңäúëúñ îñúïӚԋұ ӖұêԎ, äêԁäúôԎ, ìéïúҧԌ ïҷԈҫöïāí ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäҽԌ ëԂäӞԊ ØӕäúñԈāëԋ îðԊîҧԈҫԌ
îӔðúôԎäԑ; ĀïһԌ ҳāòāðԁ ҟӟԈë ұäúԎäҽԌ ØéԂҟԌ.

d. ÝӕðԈӕԏäúäԃ ÿæðԐîҧîöԎäԑ, ÜëúñêԈӕԏҟ, ÝӕðԌ ÿîҹԌ

îñúïӚԋîúôԎ, ïҷԈҫöԃ ӒāäԃæðúôԎ.

ìāéҳāò öõԁäԈÿëúҟԋӗԊ öӝäúԆԘ ӗԊîԏòԋîé ĀöԇҧԌ.

08 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 09

B3. ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôúԎ ØһöóäԌ

• ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ØһöóäԌ ëԊ îӔäāôԃ ÿæðԐîҧԈë
îҟӕ C
ÙëñöӞԁӐòҫ.
ìéԋӗһԑô ëӠðúԑ ØԐóҫ ÿæúԈҫԋ
• ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ØһöóäԌ æҳëúð, ҟҧԌî ĀïԌîúҧ ØāïԃӒԊ ÿîúҹԋұԁ ҟҿ ÜҹԋӗíԎäҽԁҟ ÞԊí ӖäҿԌ?
áҷ ӗӚӁ ÙҟԌ. .
ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԌ ìéԋұԁҟ öҷԌ 1 ïúԎԃ 2010 ØԊҹԌ ØëԊ ӗԊíҷԌ

B4. öҷāäðúôԎ ҟҿӜԊ îԂҟäԑ

öҷāäðúôԎ ҟҿӜԊ îԂҟäԑ ӗԊöҷïúҹ:
• ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôöԎäāôҵԌ, ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäāôҵԌ
ïԏҹԌ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäāôҵԌ ÿæԊҹ îúԎԋîҫ, ïԏҹԌ
ïíĀìúԍäԑ, ӒӐԃāæ æԆéԈӕԊ ӦԒ ӖðӘԁäԋîԆé ëӠðúԑ ïԏҹԌ/Ԑóҫ
ÿæúԈҫԋ ÿîúҹԋұԁ ҟҿ ÜҹԋӗíԎäԑ ӬӕïԊòԈëúԐ ӖðӘԁäԋîԆé
ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäôúä äҷëԋîҧöԎ.
ÚԈëӠ ìîԎäԑ ÿîúҹԋұԁ ҟҿ ÜҹԋӗíԎ ÞԊò ëҟӕәԊ ØԘԋîāéәԐ
Üԃæ ӬӕïԊòԌ öõԂӐð ØĀë ØӕäúñԂäāôҵԌ ïԏҹԌ äéāïäāôҵԌ
ÿîԏӟҷԋîԎ.

• ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑô áҷ ìîӚԊ ìóāíԁ äԇéӟöҫ.

îҟӕ D
Úñԇҧ öāä öҷāäðúôԎäԑ ÜԑôíԎ:

a. Ӓòԋұ öҷāäðúôԎäԑ - îӕӁ ÿæԍðԋîԆé ïҷԈҫöԎäԑ ØԐóҫ ïí

ØԐóҫ Ҵāôԃ ÿæðԐîúԆԘԐ ßԏîҧԌ ĀæëԌ ØԐóҫ ҟõԋî Ӗāó
ĀîúԊòöԏāòԁ ҟӟԈҫ ëҟԉë ÙԒԉë ØӟӁ ÜԑôöԎäԑ, ĀïһԌ ìúԊ ÞԋîԘ áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ Ùöҫ?
b. ÿîúҫ öҷāäðúôԎäԑ - ïҷԈҫöԌ æúԎԉë ĀëԎԃӒ ÿîԏӟҷԁҟԌ
ØöӒðԌ ÚԐóúëöԎäԑ. áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ Ùöëԏҟ Úҷ öӝäԑ Üԑôí:

• ӬԂäԑ áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìñúä ӖðӘԁäԋîҧöëԏҟ

ӬӕïԊòԈӕéԌ áҷ ӬӕïԊò Ùāêԁäúä ӜԇêԋӗԁäóúԌ, ØԐóҫ

• ëӠðúԑ ØԐóҫ ÿæúԈҫԋ ÿîúҹԋұԁ ҟҿӜԊ ÜҹԋӗíԎ ÞԊò ҳԊ

ӖðïíԈӕԊ ҴóԌ áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìñúäóúԌ.

ĀïһԌ ÜëӜäԑ ÿîò ӬԂäԑ áҷ öõԁäӟèāñԁ äóԉëúĀóúӒԁä ӜҷԌîóúԌ.

10 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 11

îҟӕ E E2. ìúԊ ÞҧԁäԁҠԘð ìéöԘԁāääҽԌ ҳԘӁäҽԌ

ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäӞԊ ØӕäúñԂäԑ,
äéāïäԑ ïԏҹԌ ÿîúҹԋұäԑ ðúāö?
E1. áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ ÞԋĀîúҫ
ĀëāöԋîҧöúԎ?
ïíìóԈӕòāí Úõԉë áҷöӚԊ æúԎîúä áҷ ҳԘӁ(äԑ) Þҧԁäԋîé ĀöԇԘð
ØöӒðԌ ßԏîԆҧ Øöҷԁäúä ÿæðԐîҧöëԏҟ áҷ Ӭԇéäúó Øӕäúñԋ îԈӕñԌ
(Lasting Power of Attorney, LPA) - әԊ öӝ Þԉëÿöúҷ ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìҷԌ
ÚԐóúë ҤõӛԐ áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ ӖðӘԁäԋîé ĀöԇҧԌ. Øöñҫ
ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìñúä ÞöĀñүԌ ӖðӘԁäԋîҧöëԏҟ ӬӕïԊòԈӕéԌ áҷ
ӜԇêԋîԌ ÿæԍðԋîéóúԌ.
ØӟöúԏòԐ Ýíҳԏò ӗԑôäāôԁ ÿäúԇé ÿîԏĀòúԎ ëԂäāô ØöԎëԌ
ӗԑāôäӞԊ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäôúäӁԌ ëԂäҽԁĀä ïíìóԈӕòԊ
ҟāòîúҧ ßԏîҧԌĀîúĀëú ØԐóҫ ïñêԌ ӖäҿԌ ĀîúĀëú ëԂäҽԁҟԋ ӗԊ
öҷԌ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìñúä ïԏÿòúҷ ìîāñ ӖðӘԁäӁԌ ӬӕïԊòԈӕéԌ
ӜԇêԋîԌ ÿæԍðóúԌ.
àéúӜԊ äāë
àéúӁԁҟ ҴԊҹ ïúëԈӕԏҟ ҳԊұ öúëԌ ßԏîԆéҫ. Øöԑ Āäúïú ӖāóәԐ
ÚҷԁӐòúԑ. .Øöҽāéð ÜéԐӖāó Өñúä Üԑôҫ ÙíúԐ ØӕԐ ïúԏòԌ ÚԐāó.
ØöԎ áҷ Ӳ.ö.ä ӲԆԘԊ ÜӚāïðúôԎ ïԏҹԌ ØöԎ ëԊ öԂӐ äêԁӐԐ $50,000
āöԈӕҷԁӐòúԎ.
àéúӜԊ äêöԎ 5 öҷéԈӕԏҟ ҳԊұ äúóïúíúԎ. àéúӜԊ 22 öðҫ ïäԑ
ÿñúùúӠ áҷ îԐäāóԁäõä ïúêӜ. ÿñúùúӠԁҟ Þԉë öҷïúíҳԌ ÚԐāó.
àéúӁԁҟ Þԋÿîúҿҫ ӖāíӁ ӕҷԌұԌ ÞԊҹ ÿëӚðӜԐāó. ÞԊҹ ïҷԈҫöԎäԑ
ÿñúùúӠәéԌ ҠӟҵԑôúԎäԑ. ÚëԏӐāéәԐ, àéúӜԊ ÿëúéҷԌ ïҷԈҫöïāí
ïԏҹԌ ӲԆҧ ÿæóӁ äԆéêԂäԑ ÿæһԈëԋîéĀöԇҧԌ.
àéúāö áҷ ëúӕāï ÚԐóԈӕԎҟ ïԏҹԌ ҳԘӁԌ ÞҧԁäԋîéĀöԇҧԌ. àéú áҷ
Ӭԇéäúó Øӕäúñԋ îԈӕñԈāëԃ (LPA) ÿæԍðӜԐāó.
ÿñúùúӠðúԐ àéúӜԊ äêԁӐӛҷԉҫ îêԌ ÞҧԈҫ ØԃÿæóӁ äԆéêԂäāôԈ
ӫԎԁäĀöú àéúāö ëúӕāï ÚԐóԈӕԐ ĀæԎԁҟԌ ҳԘāö ÞҧԁäĀöú ҳԘðúҫ.
ÚԃҤԒӖāóәԐ, ÿñúùúӠ àéúāö áҷ ëúӕāï ÚԐóԈӕԏҟ ïúԏҹԌ
ҳԘāö ÞҧԁäӁԌ àéúӜԊ ÿæúԈҫ & ØһöԐäāô ӖԎöӐԁä áҷ ҫāê
ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìāñ ӖðӘԁäӁԌ ӬӕïԊòԈӕéԌ Ӝԇêԋӗԁä ĀöԇҧԌ.
ӬӕïԊòԌ ØĀìäïúä áҷ ëҟӕðúí ҟҧԌî ÜҹԋӗíāñԈ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìñúä ӖðӘԁҟԌ.
ðúāö?
ӬԂäԑ áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ ÞԊò ëҟӕәԐ ÿæԍðԁҠԘð ÿæðԐäԑ,
ÞҧԁäԁҠԘð ҳԘӁäԑ ÜԂäāô ӖðӘԁҟԌ ӬӕïԊò ÙāêәԐ Ӝöñïúԍ
ҟӟԋӗéԋîԆԘҷԁҟԌ. ÜԂäҽԁҟԑô ØӕäúñԈāëҵԌ, ÿîúҹԋāîҵԌ ӬԂäԑ
ïԏÿòúҷöӚéԌ áԋîāéԁäԁҠéúҫ ÞԊҹ ØԊұҠԎԉҫ äöíԈӕԐ ÿäúԑҽԂäԑ.
E3. áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ ÿæԍðԁҠԘðāöҵԌ
ÿæԍðԁҠéúëāöҵԌ ðúāö?
ÿæԍðԁҠԘðāö
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìӚԊ îӔ æԆé ìāéҳāò ӜӕԈ ÿëúҟԋӗԐ
ӜöӚԁäԋîԆҧԑôҫ.
ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԑ ӖíӜԐ āöԈҫԁÿäúԑô ĀöԇԘð Ӓó Әä
ҳԁӐðïúí Ҡҹäԑ ӗԊöҷïúҹ
ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԐ äԆéúðïúä:
• æԆéԌ æúԎԉë ÿìӟäāôԋ ӗԊîԏò ĀöԇҧԌ;
• ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôöӚԊ Әäԃ Ӓòԉë ìóāíԁ äҷԈӕԐ
ÿäúԇҧ ÿæðԐîé ĀöԇҧԌ;
• æԆé ìāéҳāò ӜӕԈ ÿëúҟԋӗԐ öõԂäԋîԆԘҷԁҟԌ
öӝäúԆԘäҽԁҟ ïӕԋîӞԁä ĀöԇҧԌ;
• ӬӕïԊò äԆéāôäāôԋ ӗԊîԏӟ, ӬӕïԊòԈëúԐ ҳԊāöԁäԋîԆé
Øӕäúñ ÞԐāóāð Ӯòúïӛҷԁä ĀöԇҧԌ;
• îӕӁ ҟӟԋұäāôҵԌ äêԁҟäāôҵԌ āöԈҫԁÿäúԑô ĀöԇҧԌ;
• ӕòԊ ҟāòԉëöӚԊ îêԈāëҵԌ, ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìӚԊ ÿæúԉë
äêԁҟäāôҵԌ ëӠԈëӠĀð āöԈҫԁÿäúԑô ĀöԇҧԌ; ĀïһԌ
• ҳñԇîúԆéúí ìóԊäҽԁҟ öӝöҟԁҟԌ ҤԒӖāóäāô ëӜԎԈӕé
ĀöԇҧԌ.
ÿæԍðԁҠéúëāö
• ÜԂäҽāéð îӕӜāð ÜԂäԑ ңð óúîԈӕԏҟԋ îðԊîҧԈëúӫԎäԑ.
• ÜԂäҽāéð ØӕäúñԈāë Āöÿòúҷöҷԁҟ öõԂäúӫԎäԑ.
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ ÿæԍðԁҠԘðöԏāòҵԌ ÿæԍðԁҠéúëöԏāòҵԌ
ҟӟԈҫ ҠҧëԐ öӝäúԆԘäҽԁҟԃ æԆé ìāéҳāò ӜӕԈ ÿëúҟԋӗԊ 9.8
îԈӕāðԁ äúԇä.
12 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 13

E4. ïԏò äԆҧԋîúҧäԑ • ØԃÿæðԐ P -āðԈ ӫԂӐӛҷԉҫ äúԋîúԏҹöëԏҟԈ Āëāöðúí

áԊÿòԊҹ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԑ ĀìԎāïðúí ØӟӁԁҟ Üäԉë
ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԈӕԊ ӦԒ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäҽԁҟ äԆҧԋîúҧäԑ ìԌӗԁāä ÿäúԇԘҷԉëúԐ; ïԏҹԌ
Üԑôí. ÚöԏӟԐ Ӓó:
• Øéԁҟҳāò ÿæðһԌ P -ԁҟ ßԏîéԁҠԘð ӫԂҟ ïԏҹԌ ØԈӫԂӐԊ
ÿîúҫԁ äԆҧԋîúҧäԑ äҧāïҵԌ áԊҹԁÿäúԊҹ æӚæïïúä ÚҷԉëúԐ.
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑô áҷ ìîҷԁҟ ("P" ÞԊҹ ØāõԁäԋîҧԌ)
ҳԘÿöҧԁä ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìñúä ӖðӘԁäԋîҧîöԎäԑ "P" ԁҟ E5. ӜóԁäԋîԆé ҳԘӁäԑ ðúāö?
Øԉë ҳԘāö ëúïúäĀö Þҧԁä ҳԘҵԌ ÞԊҹ ÿëӚԉӕҷԉëúĀóú ØԐóҫ
ĀìԎāïðúí ØӟӁԁҟ Üäԉë ìԌӗԁāä ØöӚԊ æúԎîúä ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԑ P -әԊ æúԎîúä ÿæԍð æԆéԋîԘ
ÿîҹìԎäԑ ҳԘÿöҧԁäԁҠéúҫ. Øүïӕԁäԋîéúë ҟӟԋӗԆé ҳԘӁäԑ Üԑôí.
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ïӕԋӭҧäāôԋ îԏӟ æԆé ìāéҳāò ӜӕԈ ÿëúҟԋӗԊ 4
ÚԌҳԘӁäԑ ӗԊöҷïúҹ:
-öҫ ØԈӕðúðԈāëԁ äúԇä.
öāñðҹԁäԋîԆé äԆҧԋîúҧäԑ a. ӕҷïêԈӕԏҟԃ æԌïӕԋîҫ
ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԑ ÿæԍðԁҠéúëāö P:
b. îúӛðԐ ÚðԐӗԐ ÿëúҧöëԏҟԃ æԌïӕԋîҫ
• ҵéԊ ÿëúéԎұ ÿäúԑöëԏҟԁ ҟӟԋӗԆé ßĀëүԌ ëӠ ìîҷԁҟԈ ëāé
ӜӕԁäԁҠéúҫ; c. ҴԊҹ öҷé ӗӚӜԊ ØԘԋîāéәԐ ïêӜóԁҟԁҟԃ æԌïӕԋîҫ

• әԊ ңäúëúñ äöӠԋӗԏҟԋ ÿîúҹԋĀîԏӟҷԁҟԌ ìîāñ ïúԏòԁҠéúҫ; d. ëԈÿëҧԋұ ÜԈëñӁ ÿæԍöëԏҟԃ æԌïӕԋîҫ

• әԊ ÿæúԈӕӛҷԉҫ ØԊîӞԋұäԑ öõԂäҠéúҫ;
e. áҷ ïëԈāë ßԏҹԁÿäúԑöҫ ØԐóҫ ҫòԋîҫ
• ԁäúä áҷ Üәāó ӖāòĀöԏòĀöú ØԐóҫ ïԈӕð ĀæӘԋұ Ӗӕ ØԐóҫ
äúԋұҹӕ ӖðïíԂäāôԃ ÿæԍðĀöú/ӬԁäĀöú Ҡéúҫ; ĀïһԌ f. îúӛԊ ïúԏòԈҫԁҟԃ ӒӐԃāæ ÿîҹöҫ

• әԊ ÜéԐ Ӗāó äҧāïðúä ĀïúæïāéöāëԈ ëҧԁҟԌ ÜәԎ äúԋұ g. îúӛðԐ Āìúԍ ҭԇïԂäāô Øӝԋîëԏäúí ӒӐԃāæԁҟԃ æԌïӕԋîҫ, ØԐóҫ
ӒӐԃāæ ØԐóҫ ïԏò ßĀëүԌ ӒӐԃāæ ÿæԍöëԏĀäú, ÿëúéԎöëԏĀäú æԌïëԈāë ӮԆҧԁÿäúԑöҫ
ØԐóҫ ïҹԁäĀöú Ҡéúҫ.
h. äҷԃӒāëӁԁҟԃ æԌïӕԋîҫ, ØԐóҫ æԌïëԈāë ӮԆҧԁÿäúԑöҫ
Øéԁҟҳāò ÿæðԐäԑ
i. ïñêïāéԉë Þԉë áҷ ìîӚéӘҷԉҫԌ Üҹԋāî Øäԏҹöҫ æԌïԉëïúä
ӗԊöҷԌ ìúԊҟ Ӗîԉëāí Ӝӕäԑ ӖāòӁ ÿæԍðԋîԆԘҷԉëúóԊӟ ҫāê ÙԆĀæîāêāð îӕӁ ÿæԍöҫԌ, ӗԊ öúԂҟöҫԌ
ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԑ P -āð ØéԁҟԌ ĀìúԁäԌ ÿäúԇé áҷ ÿæðāóԃ
ÿæԍðԁҠéúҫ: j. ҳԊĀíúԘ ïҷԈҫöԁäԆéāôāðԃ ÿæԍöҫԌ, ӮԆҧԁÿäúԑöҫԌ

• ӬӕïԊòԈëúԐ ӕԆéöԆéïúԍ öõԂäԋîԆé ØӕäúñԈӕԊ ÞԐāóԁҟԑ k. ÜéāóĀðú ØԐóҫ ÜéӛԊ Þԉë áҷ ÜҹԋāîĀðú ØԊîӞԋîúä ØӞԋîҫ
ØöԎäԑ ÿæðԐîԆԘҷԉëúԐ; ØԐóҫ Øāë ӮԆҧԁÿäúԑöҫ.

• P -ԁҟ Øԉë ҳԘāöԈ ëúïúäĀö ÞҧԁҟԌ ӕòԊ ҟāòӁ ÞԊĀòú ØԐóҫ

ØöҷԁҟԈ ӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧ Üԑôҫ ÞԊĀòú ØöԎäԑ ĀìԎāïðúí
ØӟӁԁҟ Üäԉë ìԌӗԁāä ÿäúԇԘҷԉëúԐ;
14 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
E6. áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìӚԊ ØӕäúñԂäԑ
ÞԋĀîúҫ ҳԘöāéӐԊòí?
ӦԒöҷԌ äúñêԂäҽԁäúä áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìӚԊ ӖðïíԈāë
ӬӕïԊòԌ ÚñԈҫ ÿæԍðóúԌ ØԐóҫ öõԂäԋîԆԘҷԁҟԌ ØӕäúñԂäāô
ïúԏòóúԌ:
a. ӬӕïԊòԌ öõԂӐð ØӕäúñԈāë ӮҹԌ öāäәĀóú ØöԎ ðúҷԁäúä
ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìñúä ӖðӘԁäԋîԆéúĀñú Øöñҫ Әäԃ Ӓòԉë
ìóүԁҟ ïúòúäĀöú ìéԉӕҷԉëúԐ ØԐóҫ ìéԉҫÿäúԇéúԐ,
ØԐóҫ
b. ӬӕïԊòԌ öõԂӐð ØӕäúñԈāë ӮҹԌ öāäәĀóú ØöԎ ðúҷԁäúä
ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìñúä ӖðӘԁäԋîԆéúĀñú Øöñҫ Әäԃ Ӓòԉë
ìóүԁҟ ïúòúä ìéԁäԁҠҧԌ ÞԊîëúԐ.
E7. ÞԊ äéāïäāô ÙԏҹԌĀîúҫ ìúԊ ÿæóӁ ÿæԍë
îêԌ Ûҧ ÿæԍðԋîҧïú?
ӬԂäԑ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ ÞԊò ØԘԋîāéәԐ ÙԏҹԌ äéāïäҽԁҟ
ÜԇéúҟԌ Ӗðúðïúí ÿæóӁäҽԁҟ Ûҧ öõԂä ҳԘҵԌ.
ӬԂäԑ ÜԂäԑ äéāïāð Ùԏӟðëԏҟ ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôöӚԊ
ÿæúԈӕӛҷԉҫ ÜԂäҽԁҟ ÝӕðԌ öõԂҟïúҹ ӬӕïԊòԌ ÜԈëñӜéóúԌ.
E8. ìúԊ Þҧԁä ĀöԇԘð ҳԘӁäԑ ӬӕïԊò
ÙāêәԐ ØéԂäӜԐāó ÞԊòúԐ ÞԊí
ìéԁҟԌ?
ӬӕïԊò ÙāêәԐ ÜԂäҽԁҟԁ ÿäúҧԁäԋîԘҷԁҟԌ ØӕäúñԈӕԏҟ
ÜԆîԆĀé ӬԂäԑ ҳԘӁäԑ ÿæԍðóúԌ. ïԏò ҳԘӁäāôԃ ÿæԍð ÜԂäҽԁҟ
Øүïӕ ÿäúҧԁҟԌ ҠҧëԐ ÜԈëñāöԋ ÿîò ӬԂäԑ ӬӕïԊòԈӕéԌ
ӜԇêԋӗԁäĀöԇҧԌ.
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 15
E9. ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäҽԁҟ Þԓöāä
îúҫäúԋұäԑ Üԑôҫ?
ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԌ ӦԒԁäԇé ҤõԐäӞԐ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäҽԁҟԃ
æԆéԌ æúԎԉë îúҫäúԋāî öõԂҟӐòҫ:
• Øԃÿæðāó ÿæԍҵԌ ҳԊ, ĀäԑӜәԐ ÚҷԁҟԌ ӜöäúñԈӕԊ
ÿëúéԎӗԐ Øԉìîҷԁҟ ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôëú ÞíԈ
ӫԎïúӠԁä Ӗðúðïúí ìéöԘԁāääԑ Þҧԁä ĀöԇҧԌ, ïԏҹԌ
• Øԉìîҷԁҟ ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôҫ ÞíӁԌ ÿæԍðԋîҧԌ ÿæðԐ
ØԉìîӚԊ Әäԃ Ӓòԉë ìóāí ïíӕԐ ÿäúԇҧ ÿæԍðԋîҧӐԊòҫ
ÞíӁԌ Ӗðúðïúä ìԌî ĀöԇҧԌ.
ÙәүԌ æԆéԌ æúԎԉë îúҫäúԋұ ÞԐóú ÿæðԐäҽԁҟԌ
ӬԆԘԁäԋîҧöӕԐāó. Üԑôéԁäԋîéúë ӜöäúñԂäāôԈ ÿëӚԉҫÿäúԑô
æԆé ìāéҳāò ӜӕԈ ÿëúҟԋӗԊ 7.2.2 ïԏҹԌ 7.4 ÙӐð îԈӕäāôԋ
îúԎԁäӁԌ.
E10. ìúԊ îӕӁ ҟӟԋұäԑ āöԈҫԁÿäúԑô
Āöԇҧïú?
ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ ÞԊò ҳāòәԐ ӬԂäԑ ÞҧԈë ҳԁӐðïúí
ҳԘӁäāôԁ ҟӟԈҫ îӕӁäԑ ÿæԍҵԌ îõԁäԈāë ßԏîҧԈӕԁÿäúԑöҫ
ìԐóҫ. áҷ æԎԃāæ ÞҿԌĀîúҫ Úҫ ÜëӜðúä ÚҷԁҟԌ.
ØԓöԋĀîúҫ ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ØһöóäԌ ÜԂäӞéӘҷԉҫ îӕӁäāôԁ
ĀäԆäóúԌ.
16 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 17

îҟӕ F
ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԈӕԊ ӦԒ Üԑô àԉҫ
æԆéҲԎöïúí ÿìӟäԑ ðúāö ïԏҹԌ Øöԏāò
ìúԊ Þԓöúҹ îðԊîҧԈëóúԌ?
ÚԃæԆéԋҲԎö ÿìӟäԑ áҷ ëӠ ìîҷԁҟ ҳԘÿöҧԁҟԌ ÿæԍҳāòәԐ
ҳԘԉëöāñ îԂÿäҧԁä ÜëӁöĀëúҧ Øԓöúҹ ÿæԍð ØöҷԁҟԈ ӕòԊ
ҟāòҵԌ Āîúҫ Øöҷԁҟԋ îúҫäúԋұԌ ØӞԁӐԊòí.
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑô áҷ ïӠëӚԊ æúԎîúä ҳԘӁäԑ ÞҧԁҟԌĀîúĀëú,
ÿæðԐîҧԌĀîúĀëú áԓÿöúҷ öõԁӐһԌ ßԏұāéð ìéöԘԁāä
ØԐóҫ ҳԘӁ Þҧԁäԋîҧöāë Üҹӕ ÿæԍð Úԉÿìӟäāô ïíìóԈӕòԊ
æԆéԈӕһԑô ӜӕäҽéԊ ÚāêԈҫ öúӒԁäĀöԇҧԌ.
ÿìӟ 1: ӕòԊ Úҷԋîëԏäúí ҫӔұ
ҳԘÿöҧԁäĀöԇԘð æïðԈӕԐ, áҷ ïӠëҷԁҟ Øԉë ҳԘāö ÞҧԁäԁҠԘð
ӕòԊ ÚԐāó ÞԊҹ ÙëúñԌ ÚҷԉëúóԊӟ Øöҷԁҟԃ ңðïúä ҳԘÿöҧԁҟԌ
ӕòԊ Üԑôҫ ÞԊҹ ØүïúӠԁäԋîéĀöԇҧԌ.
áҷ ïӠëӚԊ ĀëúԏòԌ, öðҫ, Ӗāó ØԐóҫ ìéԈāëāð ØԘԋîāéðúäԁ
ÿäúԇҧ, ØöӚԊ ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòԋîúԆāé ïӕԋӗéԁҠéúҫ.
ÙāäðúԐ, ïԁäҽԁҟԃ ңð ҳԘӁäԑ Þҧԁä ÚðһԌ æïðԂäӞԐ Øԓöúҹ
ÿæԍð ØöԎäҽԁҟ Øүïӕ öõԂäԋîé ĀöԇҧԌ.
æúԉӕәԊ äāë
ӜöúäñԈëúí 66 öðҫ ӖñԌӗð æúԉӕ æúԉҫ, ëúԒöúí ӘԊ ҬԁӐðԏò Øāò-
ӲÿéúԊӟԐ, ëӠðúä öӒԁӐòúԎ. Ùҹ ïúëԂäҽԁҟ ҳԊұ, Øöҷāéð ӗԑāôäԑ
æúāó ӜîԈÿëúԊӟԐ ҫðñïúä ïñêԌ ØāéԉëíԎ.
æúԉӕ æҴäԈӕԐ ҫԘԋұéԊ ÿæðԐîԆҧ öԉëöԎ. ØöԎ ĀîԆāé ìéöԘԁääӞԐ
ҫԘԋұéԊ îԂҟ ÿäúԑöĀëúҧ, öӒԋĀîúԎ ҟҿ ìéöԘԁāääӞԐ ÿëúԇéñúԍ
Úҷԉҫ öԉҫԑôúԎ. ӜîԈҫ ìéԉëӕӛҷԉҫ ØöԎ ðúӚéҳԌ ĀîңöӕԐāó.

Øԉë Øāò-ӲԆҧԁ äԆééԈӕԊ ÿæðԏҟҿ, ңäúëúñԃ ÿæúԏÿîúӝӁ ïԏҹԌ Úóöæ

ÜéԐ ìóԋ îӚĀæúëāí ÙӐð ìéöԘԁāääāô ßԏîúҧ ÿæԍӐòҫ. ìéöԘԁāääāô
ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԈӕԊ ӦԒ Üԑô 5 ßԏîúҧ ÿæԍöӕԐ îԂäúԏҹԌ ӕòԊ æúԉӕԁҟ ÚԐāó ÞԊҹ ҟҿ äҷӕðëúԐ, æúԉӕāð
æԆéҲԎöïúí ÿìӟäԑ ӜóԁӐāöԁä ӒԉӕԁӐòҫ.

ÿìӟ 1: ӕòԊ Úҷԋîëԏäúí æúԉӕ ëӠðúä öӒԋîëúһԌ, ðúӚéҳԌ ĀîæúïӛҷԋîëúһԌ Øöҷԁҟ

ҫӔұ ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôҫ ÞԊҹ ҟҿ ØүïúӠԁäԁҠéúҫ. áҷ ìîҷԁҟ
ӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôҫ ÞԊҹ ӖҸӗԁäԋîԆéúóԊӟ ïíìóԈӕòԊ Úҷԋîëúä
ØүïúӠԁäԋîҧӐòҫ. æúԉӕԁҟ Øāõԋұ Ӝҧԋîāë ҟҿ ÞԇӔԋîúԎԁä
ÿìӟ 2: ìāéҳāòԁҟ ßԏò ÞԐóú ĀöԇҧԌ. Ûҧîúҧ äúԆҧöëú ÚԐāóðú ÞԊîҫ æúԉӕәԊ ӜҷԋîԌ.
ÜëӜäāôҵԌ öõԂҟöҫ

ÿìӟ 2: ìāéҳāòԁҟ ßԏò ÞԐóú ÜëӜäāôҵԌ öõԂҟöҫ

ÿìӟ 3: ӜĀöäïԏԏò ҳԘӁ
áҷ ҟӟԋӗԆé ҳԘāöԃ ÿæԍð ӒñïԋîéԁҠԘð áҷ ïӠëҷԁҟԋ îñúïӚԋұ
ØԐóҫ ӒӐԃāæ öõԂҟԌ îñúïӚԋîúôԎäԑ, ҟҧԌî ÜҹԋӗíԎäԑ,
ÿìӟ 4: Әäԃ Ӓòԉë ìԊāïäԑ ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԑ, ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԑ ïԏҹԌ ÿëúӝԐ ҳāò
ÝӝðԎäԑ ÙӐĀðúԎ ØԌïӠëԎ ëԊ ÿæúԉë ҳԘāöԃ ÿæԍð ÜëӁԌ öāäәԐ
ÿìӟ 5: ҟāòöúí äԆҧԋîúҧäԑ
ìāéҳāòԁĀäԏò ÞԐóú ìéöԘԁāääāôҵԌ Þҧԁä ĀöԇҧԌ.
ØöԎäԑ ÙëӚԁҟԌ ïӠëҷԁҟ áҷ ҳԘāöԃ ÿæԍð ÜëӁԌ Āîúҫ ØԌïӠëӚԊ
Ӯҫ ÿìҷԁҟëāóԋ îðԊîҧԈëĀöú ØԐóҫ ÿæúԉë äҷԈҫäāôԋ ұҟԈëĀöú
Ҡéúҫ. ØԌïӠëԎ ÿîòԁҠԘð ÙëñӜԊ ëԊāï, ØöԎ ÿæԍð ĀöԇԘð
ҳԘӜԊ ëԊāïāðҵԌ, ҤԒӖāóäôҵԌ æúԎԉӕҷԁӐòҫ.
18 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
áҷ ïӠëԎ Üāñðúҧöëԏҟԃ ӒñïԈāë ÞӕԎÿäúԑӐòúԎ ÞԊò ÞӞð
äúñêԈӕԏäúä áҷ ëӠ ìîԎ ØԌïӠëӚԊ æúԎîúä áҷ ҳԘāöԃ
ÿæԍðԁҠéúҫ. Øëԏҟ ïúòúä, ØԈëӠ ìîԎ, ÿîӚð ÞҿԈҫ öԘöāïԋұäԑ
ïԏҹԌ öāñîéԂäԑ ҴóԌ ëäöԐ ÿäúҧԈҫԌ, āæāä ÿïúӝ, ӗÿñәԐ
(Braille) ĀîúԊò ÿöԓĀöҹ ÿëúéԎұÿäúԑҽԌ ҳāòäāôԋ îðԊîҧԈӕҵԌ
ÙëñӁ öõԂä ĀöԇҧԌ.
ԘԌ ØöԎäӞԊ äāë
îó Āîúӱԕ ØӕäúӚäԑ, ԘԌ ÞԊӐò áҷ ìҧԈëñ öðҫԑô ÙéöԎ, ӫӁ ӜāñӁԃæúāó
ĀïԌîúóԈӕԊ ØԘәԐ ҟԘәҷԋîāëԁ äԇҧӗԘԁӐòúԎäԑ. ØöԎ ӘäӁԌ Øҿԁäúä
ÚҷԁӐòúԎ. Øöñҫ äúӛԐ ÿëúԏӟ îñӜðҫ ĀîúԊҹԌ áҷ ÿîӚð ÿöԆҧ Üԑôҫ.
ØöԎäԑ Øöāñ ïҷԈҫöïāíԁҟ ØāõԈҫԃ ÿæԐӐԊòíԎ.
ïҷԈҫöïāí ÝӝðԎäԑ, ԘԌӘéԌ Øöñҫ ÿæúԉë ӜöñԂäāôҵԌ, ÿëúéԎұ
ÿäúԑôԁҠԘð ÜòӜíԎäāôԋ îԏӟҵԌ ӜæúӚԁӐԊòíԎ. ØöԎ Üāñðúҧöëԏҟ
ÜëӜðúä, Úԉëԁ ĀäԑӜäԑ îó ÿïúӝäӞԐ ĀäԆäԋîҧӐԊòí. ØöԎ ÿïĆíïúä
ÚҷԁӐòúԎ. Øöҷāéð äúðԈāëԋ îӚĀæúӕԁä ӜҷԌұԌ ïҷԈҫöҷéԊ áԈҫāõԁä
ïҹԁӐòúԎ.
ԘԌӘԊ äúðԈӕԏҟԃ ӒӐԃāæ ØӞԁäԋîéӜԐāó ÞԊòúԐ, ØöԎ ëԊ äúāó Úõԁä
ĀìӚҧԌ ÞԊҹ ïҷԈҫöԎ ҠӟíúԎ. Ӗāóāïāð Øöҷԁҟ Ӝôԁҟöëԏҟ Øԉë ÙéöӚԊ
äúԐ Ӯҫ ÚñԌîԌ ÿäúԇҧ Øҹԋîāëԋ ĀîúԊò āæāäāðԃ ÿæԍӐòúԎ. ØëԊ ӗòҟ ØöԎ
ҠҧëԐ äöíԌ ÿæһԈҫöāëԋ ĀîúԊҹ ĀëúԊҹӐòҫ. ØöԎ ëāóāð ÙԆԘԁÿäúԇĀé
ëԊ öúāðҵԌ, äúҫäāôҵԌ ңԆԘԁäúԆҧӐòúԎ.
ԘԌ äúҫ Āäôúë Ýāïðúä ÚҷԁäóúԌ ÞԊҹ áҷ ëúӕ ÜêԎӐòúԎ. ÙëóúԐ, áҷ
ëúāôҵԌ, ĀîíúāöҵԌ Øöҷԁҟԁ ÿäúҧԈҫ, āæāä ÿïúӝÿîðԎԋұ ÿëӚԉë
áҷöāñҵԌ öñöāõԁӐòúԎ. ØöԎ æïúëúíԌ Øāéԉҫ, ïҷԈҫöïāí ÝӝðҷéԊ
ÞҿԈҫ öӝ ÿëúéԎұÿäúԑôԈ ÿëúéԂҟӐòúԎ.
ԘԌïúԐ öúԍÿïúӝðúä Üāñðúé ÚðóúïԐ ÚҷԉӕҷԁäóúԌ. ÙíúԐ,
ØҫĀö Øöҷāéð ӒӐԃāæāðԋ îԏӟð ҳԘāö ØöñúԐ ÿæԍð ҳԘðúҫ
ÞԊҹ ØԎԈëïúäúҫ. ØöԎ áҷ ҳԘāöԃ ÿæԍðӁԌ, Øԉë ҳԘāö
ÞҧԈҫԃÿæúԐóӁԌ ĀëāöԋîҧӐò ÞԐóú ìāéҳāòԁĀäԏò ÜëӜäāôҵԌ
ÿäúҧԋîëԏҟ ҳԊ, Øöҷԁҟԃ ӒӐԃāæāðԋ îԏӟ ҳԘÿöҧԁҟԌ
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ÚԐāó ÞԊҹ ïҷԈҫöԁ ҟҿ ҳԘÿöҧԁäԁ Ҡéúҫ.
Øöæñ ҤԒӖāóäӞԐ, ÜëúñêԈӕԏҟ, ӜîԈӕԊ äúñêïúä äҧāïðúí
äúðԂäҽéԊ ÚҷԁҟԌ æïðԂäӞԐ, áҷöԎ Øöñҫ ÿæúԉë ҳԘӁäāôԃ
ÿæðöāë ÙëӚԁäԋ ÿîҷԌ ØôӜóúí ìāéҳāòԁĀäԏò öӝäāô
Āïԏÿäúԑöҫ æúԈӕðúïúäúҫ. ØԃæïðԂäӞԐ ÞԊí ìéԁӐòҫ, ßԊ
ìāéҳāòäԑ ÿæðԐîҧԈëԋîҧӐԊòí ÞԊҹ Øöҷԁҟ ØӟӜԋîāë
ïԆҧĀï ÿæԍð ҳԘҵԌ.
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 19
ÿìӟ 3: ӜĀöäïԏò ҳԘӁ
áҷ ïӠëԎ ÿæԍҵԌ ҳԘӁäԑ ïԏòöԎäӞԊ äԇĀêúԆéԈӕԐ ӜĀöäïԏò
ҳԘӁäôúäԈ ĀëúԊӟíúһԌ Øöñҫ ÿæúԉë ҳԘӁäāôԃ ÿæԍöëԏҟ
Øöҷԁҟԃ ңëԉӕñԌ Üԇҧ. áҷ ïӠëԎ ëԊ ÿæúԉë ҳԘӁäôԃ ÿæԍöëԏҟ
ÿæԍҵԌ ÜӚāïāð Úҫ ØԂӦäӚԁӐòҫ. áҷ ҳԘӁ ӜĀöäïԏòëúä ÚҷԋîëúԐ,
ØԌïӠëԎ ïíìóԈӕòāí ÚõԉҫӜԆéúԎ ÞԊҹ ØԎԈëïúäúҫ.
ÙәүԌ, áҷ ïӠëԎ ӜĀöäïԏò ҳԘāöԃ ÿæԍöëԏҟԌ, (ӫԎïúӠԁҟԌ ïӠëԎ
ÿæԍðԁҠԘð ҳԘӁ), áҷ ïӠëԎ ҳԘāöԃ ÿæԍðԈ ĀëāöԋîҧԌ ëäöāó
ØԌïӠëԎ ұӚԉҫÿäúԑô, ӖāíӁ Ҡò ØԐóҫ îðԊîҧԈë ïíìóԈӕòԊ
Úõԉë ӖāóәԐ ÿæԍðԋîҧԌ ҳԘӜԏҟԌ Āöҹîúҧԇҧ.
áҷ ïӠëӚԊ öõԁäïúí ìéԈāëāðԁ äҷԈӕԐ ÿäúԇҧ, ØöԎ ÞҧԁҟԌ
îó ҳԘӁäԑ öõԁäԈӕԏҟ ïúòúä ÚҷԉëúĀóú ØԐóҫ ïԏòöԎäԑ Øöāñ
ÞӞӕԐ ëԂäҽԁҟԃ æúëäïúäԋ îðԊîҧԈӕԁÿäúԑôԁҠԘð ØԐóҫ
ØöҷԁҟԈ ӫԂҟ ӜāôӜԁäԁҠԘð ҳԘӁäāôԃ ÿæԍëúĀóú, ØԌïӠëӚԊ
ïíìóԈӕòāíԋ îԏӟð ҠҧëԐ Āæúëāíäԑ ìéԈëԋîé ĀöԇҧԌ.
Ù ùýöúԆ ØöԎäӞԊ äāë
Ù ùýöúԆԘԏҟ 73 öðҫ. ØöԎ ïāíӜāð Úõԉҫ ëӠðúä öӒԈҫ öҷӐòúԎ. äéԉë
öúñԌ, ĀîúԐ ÞԊò çԊíԐ ÿîúҷԈҫԌ ӜðúîúӚ áҷöԎ ùýöúԆāé Øöñҫ ӲԆԘԐ
æԉӕԈëúԎ. äӝöāò çԊíԐäԑ ҫҷԋӗԘԈӕҷԋîëúԐ, Øöԏāò ïúԏò ĀöԇҧԌ ÞԊҹ
ĀîúԐ Ù ùýöúԆāé ìԌîāöԁӐòúԎ. ïҹ ӕíԌ ĀîúԐ, ӮԇҧԌ Ù ùýöúԆԘԊ
ӲԆԘԏҟԃ ÿæԊҹ Ù ùýöúԆ ëԊ îҧԁāä ØāòәԊ çԊíԐäāôҵԌ ïúԏò ĀöԇҧԌ
ÞԊҹ Øöҷԁҟ ÙĀóúæāí ҠҹӐòúԎ. ĀîúԐ Ù ùýöúԆԘéԌ $500 Ӝāó ҟӟԋӗҧӐòúԎ.
Ù ùýöúԆԘԊ ïäԊ Ù ÿæԂ, ëԊ ëԉāëәԊ Ӯҫ äöāó ÿäúԑӐòúԎ. Āöāóәӛҷԉҫ
âԍӁ ÿîԏӚҷԋîëúԐ Ù ùýöúԆ ëԊ Ӗӕ ӜöäúñԂäӞԐ äöíïúä Úҷԋîҫ öõԁäԌ.
ĀîúԐ ҴԊòúöҫ ҳāòðúä ӕҷԌӗ öҷӐòúԎ. Øԋÿîúҿҫ, Ù ùýöúԆҧԌ ëԊ
ӲԆԘԐ ÚҷԁҟԌ ïԏò çԊíԐäԑ ØāíԈāëҵԌ $1500ԁҟ ïúԏò áԈҫԁÿäúԑӐòúԎ.
çԊíԐäāô ҳԊҠԆԘĀð îӚĀæúӕԈë Ù ÿæԂ, çԊíԐäԑ ìԐó ӖāóәԐ ÚҷԉëāëҵԌ,
Øöԏāò ïúԏò ĀöԇԘð ØöӒðԌ ÚԐóúëāëҵԌ äöӠԈëúԎ. ëԊ ëԉāëāð ĀîúԐ
îðԊîҧԈӕԁÿäúԑӐòúԎ ÞԊҹ Ù ÿæԂ ìԌұӐòúԎ. ĀïһԌ ÚĀë ĀîúԊò ÿîúҷԑ öúԂҟԌ
ӫԎïúíԂäāôԃ ÿæԍðԁҠԘð ÙԏòԐ Ù ùýöúԆԘԏҟ Üԑôëú ÞԊҹԌ ØöԎ ӒԉӕԈҫԋ
îúԎԁӐòúԎ.
ìԐó áҷ Ӝāó ӐāéԋîëúԐ, ÞԐóú çԊíԐäāôҵԌ áĀñ æïðԈӕԐ ïúԏòԈ ëúԊ
ӜҷԌұöëúä, Ù ùýöúԆ ӜôԁҟӐòúԎ. âӚҷ öҷéԂäӞԐ ÞԐóú çԊíԐäāôҵԌ
ïúԏò ĀöԇԘð ØöӒðԌ ßԏîҧԌ ÞԊҹ ØöԎ ìԌұӐòúԎ.
ëԊ ëԉāë Ù ùýöúԆԘԏҟ 73 öðëúöëúһԌ, ØöԎ ӲԆԘԊ ÞԐóú
çԊíԐäāôҵԌ ïúԏò ҳԘÿöҧԈӕҷԋîëúһԌ Øöҷԁҟ ïíìóԈӕòԊ
ҟāòîúҧԑôҫ ÞԊҹ Ù ÿæԂ ØүïúӠԁäԁҠéúҫ. Ù ùýöúԆԘԊ
öõԁäïúí ìéԈāëәԐ ÿëúéԎԉҫ ïúԏԏòԌ ßԏîԆҧ, Øҫ äöāóԁҟ
ÜӚðëúä ÚҷԉëúԐ, Øҫ ÿëúéԎîúä Ù ÿæԂ ïҷԈҫöӚéԌ ÙĀóúæāí
ÿîò ĀöԇҧԌ.
20 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
ÿìӟ 4: ӘäԃӒòԉë ìóԊäԑ
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑô áҷ ïӠëӚԊ æúԎîúäԃ ÿæԍðԋîҧԌ áԓÿöúҷ
ÿæðԐ ØԐóҫ ҳԘӁ, Øöñҫ ӘäԃӒòԉë ìóԊäāôԁ äҷԈӕԐ ÿäúԇҧ
ÿæԍðԋîé ĀöԇҧԌ. ÿæԍðԋîҧԌ ҳԘӁ, ØԌïӠëӚԊ Әäԃ Ӓòԉë
ìóԊäāôԁ äҷԈӕԐ ÿäúԇҧԑôëú ÞԊîҫ öõԁӐԊ ҤԒӖāóäāôԃ
æԎԉӕҷԁҟԌ.
ĀñúԊ ØöԎäӞԊ äāë
ÿäӜԊ ҠӜԏҟԌ, Øöñҫ ïāíӜ .øúӛ ӱӜԏҟԌ ҴԊҹ ӗԑāôäԑ ØöԎäôҫ
ҴԈë ӗԑāô, 23 öðëúí ĀñúԊ ØӟöúԏòԐ ÝíҳԏòöԎ. ØöԎ ØòӖāóðԌ
áԊòúԐ ìéԈëԋîҧԌ ұäӛéԋîԆéāò áԊӟԐ Āöāó ÿæԍҫ ÿäúԇԘҷԁӐòúԎ.
ĀñúԊ ĀîúԊĀòúԎ ðúāñҵԌ ңëԉӕñïúä öúԒöëԏҟ ØԘԋîāé öúԒԁāäԈ
ӕòԊäāôԁ äԏҹԋ ÿîҹöëԏҟԈ ëԏäúӛäԈ ëԂҟӘé öæӕ ØӞԁҟԌ ӕԆéҳԌ
ØòӖāóðԈӕéԌ Üԑôҫ. âñôӁ ÙëñӁéԊ ÿîúҫԋ ĀîúԁҟöñԈāë Þԓöúҹ
îðԊîҧԈҫöҫ ÞԊîāëԋ îԏӟҵԌ ØöԎäҽԁҟԁ äԏҹԁÿäúҧԁäԋîҧӐòҫ.
Úԉë öúԒԁāäԈ ӕòԊäԑ ÿîúҫ Āöāó öúԍԋұäҽԁҟ ØöԎäāô ĀïһԌ
ëҟӕҵāéðöԎäôúԁä ÜëӁӐòҫ.
ëԂҟӘé öæӕ ӕԆéԈӕԐ âԎ ÚéԌ ӐāéԈӕҷԋîëúԐ ØòӖāóðԈӕԊ
æҴä ÝӝðԎäԑ ĀñúԊ Øԉë öúԍԋāî ÞҧԈҫԁÿäúԑô ĀöԇҧԌ ÞԊҹ
îӚԉҫāñԁӐԊòíԎ.
ĀñúԊ ĀïһԌ ңëԉӕñïúä Úҷԁä ӜҷԌұöúԎ ÞԊҹ ÿäӜԊ ïԏҹԌ øúӛ
ÚҷöҷԁҟԌ ÿëӚҵԌ. ÙәүԌ, ĀñúԊ Øԉë öúԍԋāî ßԏҹԁÿäúԇéúԐ, ÚӠ
ØöԎäôúԐ Āñúāíԁ äöíïúäԋ îúԎԈҫԁÿäúԑô ҳԘðúïԐ ĀîúöĀëúҧ ĀñúԊ
ØöԎäҽéԊ ҟāòԉë ĀìñĀï ÿæóӜҧöúԎ ÞԊҹ ØöԎäԑ äöāóԋîҧӐԊòíԎ.
ëԂҟӘé öæӕ ӕԆéԈāëԋîԏӟ ĀñúӠԏҟ ҳԘӁ ÿæԍҵԌ ïíìóԈӕòԊ
ÚҷԉëúԐ ÿäӜԊ, øúӛ ÚҷöҷԌ Øöҷԁäúä ҳԘāöԃ ÿæԍðԁҠéúҫ
Úԉë ҳԘāöԃ ÿæԍöëԏҟ ĀñúӠԏҟԈ ӕòԊ ҟāòîúԘҷԉëúԐ, ÿäӜԊ,
øúӛ ÚҷöҷԌ ĀñúӠԊ Әäԃ Ӓòԉë ìóāí ҳԊӠԆҧԃ ÿæðԐîé
ĀöԇҧĀï ëӜñ ëԂäӞԊ ìóүԁäúä ØԐó.
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 21
ÿìӟ 5: ҟāòöúí äԆҧԋîúҧäԑ
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôöԎäҽԁäúä ÿæðԐîҧԌĀîúҫ ØԐóҫ Øԉëԃ
ÿæðĀóú ØԐóҫ ҳԘĀöú ҟāòîúҧԑôöӚԊ ÿæðԐîҧԌ ÜӚāï ïԏҹԌ
ңëԉëñԈӕԏҟԁ ҟāòöúí äԆҧԋîúҧäāô Ӝӕԋîāöðúä Úҷԁä ĀöԇҧԌ.
ҟāòöúí äԆҧԋîúҧäāôԁÿäúԇé ӜҷԋîԈĀëԎĀö ÿîҷԌîúһԌ
ØԌïӠëӚԊ ӘäԃӒòԉë ìóүԁҟԑôëúä ÚҷԁҟԌ.
Ӓó æïðԂäӞԐ, Þԉë áҷ ÿæðāóĀðú, ҳԘāöĀðú ÿæԍðúïĀó ÚҷԋîҫԌ
ØӕԐ ØéԂҟԌ. ÿæԍðԋîҧԌ ÞԐóúԃ ÿæðԐäҽԌ ØԐóҫ ҳԘӁäҽԌ ØԐóҫ
Þԉëԃ ÿæðһԌ ÿæԍðԁҠéúҫ ÞԊҹ ÞҧԁäԋîҧԌ ҳԘӁԌ ØԌïӠëӚԊ Әäԃ
Ӓòԉë ìóүԁäúä Þҧԁäԋîé ĀöԇҧԌ.
Ù ÿïԍ ØöԎäӞԊ äāë
Ù ÿïԍ ÞԊîöԎ ԘÿïԊӒðú ÞүԌ ӖāíöúԏòԐ Úõԋұ ĀìúðúԐ
îúӕԁäԋîԆԘҷԁӐòúԎ. ëԊ 80-öðҫ ëúðúԎ ӕҷöúԆԘ ҟöúԂ Ӓҵ ĀïúԍҵéԊ
öúԒԉҫ öҷӐòúԎ.
Ù ÿïԍ Āöāóԁҟԃ ÿæԐһԌ æïðԂäӞԐ ëԊ ëúðúԎ ëԊāíĀð
äúðԋîҧԈӕԁÿäúԑôúïԐ ÚҷԁäӁԌ, Øāóԉҫ ӕӚðúïԐ ÚҷԁäӁԌ, Øöāñ âԎ
ØāòәԐ ҲԆԘ āöԋîúԎ. ØāòәԐ ÜêӁԌ, ëԇӪҷԌ āöԈҫӜҧöúԎ. ӕҷöúԆԘ
ҟöúԂ Øāêðúāé (āéîԎԕ) ØӔԉӕҷԋîúԎ.
ïúāóәԐ Ù ÿïԍ Ӳҧ ӕҷԌӗðҫԌ, ëԊ ëúāðԁ ҟӞԋîԆԘ ÜêӁ ÝԆҧöúԎ. Ù ÿïԍ
ëúðúӚԊ îúҫäúԋӗԊ Ӯҫ Øԁäāò ÿäúԇҧ ÿæðԐîԆéúһԌ, áҷ îúæӘҟ ïäôúä
ÚҷԉëúһԌ Úԓöāäðúí îñúïӚԋұ, ҟāòöúí äԆҧԋîúҧäāôԁÿäúԇé ĀëԎӁ ØԐó.
ӖāíöúԏòԐ Úõԋұ ĀìúðúԐ îúӕԁäԋîԆԘҷԋĀîúҷԁäúí îäԐ Āìñԋ îñúïӚԋұ
ӖāóðԈӕԐ ӕҷöúԆԘ ҟöúԂāäԃ ĀæԎԋîҫ ĀîúԊò ÿîúҷԈëïúí ïԏòԋ îñúïӚԋұ
ßԏîúҧäāô ØöԎ ÿæԍð ĀöԇҧԌ.
áԊҹԁҟԌ ĀïԏîԆé ӜҷԋîԈĀëԎӁäԑ ÜԇÿéӠԐ Øāö áԋӗԆҧԋ
îúԎԁäԋîé ĀöԇҧԌ. ÞҧԁäԋîҧԌ ҳԘӁ Әäԃ Ӓòԉë ìóԊ ïԏҹԌ
ҟāòöúí äԆҧԋîúҧäāôԁÿäúԇé ĀëԎӁ ÙӐð Úҷ ÿìӟäôúԐ
ӫԎïúӠԁäԋîé ĀöԇҧԌ.
22 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 23

îҟӕ G G2. äúԆԘԁÿäúҧԋĀîúԎ îúҫäúԋұ

ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôöԎäԑ ÞӞӕԐ îúӕԁäԋîéԁҠԘð ӗӚāöԃ
ĀæԎԉëöԎäԑ. ÿîҷԌîúóúí æïðԂäӞԐ ëúԂäԑ ҫԊұҹԈëԋîҧöāëԁ Ҡé
ҫԊұҹԈëԐ ìéԋîëúä ÞöĀñүԌ ÚöԎäԑ ØӟԉӕҷԋîӕԐāó ïԏҹԌ ҫԊұҹԈëāóԋ îԏӟ ұäúԎ ÿæԍðӁԌ
æԉĀëäԋîԆéúԐ ÞԊí ӖäҿԌ? ØöԎäҽԁҟ Úðóúҫ. ØöԎäӞԊ Ӯҫ áҷ äԇ āöԈҫԁÿäúԑô ҟҧԌî
ÜҹԋӗíԎäԑ, ØԇāéӲԆéúԎ ïԏҹԌ æҴäԈӕíԎ ÙӐĀðúӚԊ ÜëӜ
ØöԎäҽԁҟԈ ĀëāöԋîҧӐòҫ.
G1. ðúāñ ÞԃæӚԋîҫ?
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôöԎäԑ ҫԊұҹԈëԋîҧöëúä ÞҿԌ æԉĀëäԈāëԁ
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑô áҷöԎ æӚöñԋ îñúïӚԁäԋîéӜԐāó ÞԊҹԌ, ҟӟԈҫ ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôӚéԌ ұäúԎ ÿæԍҵԌ ìîԎäҽԁҟ ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԌ
Øöҷԁҟԁ äöӠԋĀîú ØԐóҫ îúҫäúԋĀîú ĀëāöԋîҧӐòҫ ÞԊҹԌ äúԆԘԁÿäúҧԋĀîúԎ îúҫäúԋāî öõԂҟӐòҫ. äúԆԘԁÿäúҧԋĀîúӚԊ
ÞöĀñүԌ ØӟԉӕҷԉëúԐ, æԉԈĀääԋîԆéúԐ, ØԐóҫ ìԌӗíúԐ ÿîúҫԁ ØāéðúôԌ ӬӕïԊò ìéöԘԁāääӞԐ ÿöӞәéԋîéúïԐ ÚҷԁäóúԌ.
äúԋîúôӚéԌ ïԏҹԌ ëҟԉë ØāïԋұäӞéԌ ұäúԎ ÿæԍðóúԌ. ӬӕïԊò ìéöԘԁāääӞԐ äúԆԘԁÿäúҧԋĀîúӚԊ ØāéðúôԈāë
ÿöӞәҧïúҹ ÞöԎ áҷöҷԌ ӖԎîԉëԋîҧԈë ҳԘðúҫ.
áҷ ҟԏòԃÿæðԐ, áҷ ìîҷԁҟ Þӕñúä ÿæԍðԋîԆԘҷԁӐòҫ ÞԊҹ ìԐó
äúñêԈĀëúҧ æԉĀëäԋîԆéúԐ, ĀîúӱӡԐ ұäúԎ ÿæԍðĀöԇҧԌ ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôӚéԌ ìԐÿóԇêԈĀëúҧ ØӟӜԋұԃ ÿæԍҵԌ ңäúëúñԋ
îñúïӚԋұ ÝӝðԎäҽԁҟԃ æԆéԌ îúҫäúԋұ öõԂҟӐòҫ. Úԓöúҹ
ØӟӁԋұäԑ ÿæԍëëԏҟ ØöԎ Þԉë áҷ ÜӚāïәðԐ æԆé ìéöԘԁāäāðҵԌ
ҫԊұҹԈëԐ öāä ðúāñ ÜëӜԁҟ ÿëúéԎұ ÿäúԑöҫ ÞӕԎĀìúԁäïúԆéúԎ.
ÜéԐ æúԎԉë • Āîúӱԕ
• ҟҧԌî Āæāö ӖāóðԌ
• ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ӖāóðԌ

îúӛðԌ æúԎԉë • Āîúӱԕ

• ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ØһöóäԌ

Ӗӕ æúԎԉë • Āîúӱԕ
• ҟҧԌî Āæāö ӖāóðԌ
• ÿîԏĀòúԎ îñúïӚԋұ îԅæúðԈҫ
(ÿîԏĀòúԎԁҟ Ӗӕ ÜëӜ öõԂӐ ÙëӚԁäԈ
ëöӟðëԏҟ)
• ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ØһöóäԌ
(áҷ ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ ØԐóҫ ҫāê
ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ æԌïԉëԋîԆԘҷԉëúԐ)

ÜôӜðԐ æúԎԉë • Āîúӱԕ

• ҟҧԌî Āæāö ӖāóðԌ
• ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ӖāóðԌ

ұòԁäӔԋұ ïԏҹԌ ØæԆāé • Āîúӱԕ

ÿæԍҵԌ ÿæðԐäԑ • ҟҧԌî Āæāö ӖāóðԌ
• ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ӖāóðԌ
24 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 25

îҟӕ H Øāïԋұ

ӒԂäԋҲԎ îԐ
ïҷԈҫöԎäԑ
ÿëúāóĀîӒ ӜóúæԌ

6220 2588 2 College Road

Level 2, Alumni
ÚāêðëôԌ

www.sda.org.sg

ĀïԐ ӜöñԂäāô ìúԊ ÞԂҟ ĀëéóúԌ? æԂäԌ Association

Singapore 169850

Ӓó ĀöāôäӞԐ îñúïӚԋîôԎäԑ (ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԑ Üԑîé) ӒԂäԋҲԎ 6223 1264 2 College Road www.sma.org.sg
áҷöҷԁäúí îñúïӚԋұ ØԐóҫ ӒӐԃāæ ØԐóҫ Ӗӕ ӜöäúñԂäāô ïҷԈҫöԁ äõäԌ Level 2, Alumni
Þԓöúҹ āäðúҽöҫ ĀîúԊòöԏāò ҟӟԈҫ äҷԈҫ Āöҹîúҧ Medical Centre
Singapore 169850
ÿäúԇԘҷԁäóúԌ. ÿîҷԌîúóúí ÚԃæԃæñӁäԑ ïԏò ҳāòäôúí öõԁҟԁ
äóԉëúĀóúæāíäԑ, ïԈӕðԕëԌ ØԐóҫ ҳāòðúí ұäúԎ ĀîúԊò
ӒԂäԋҲԎ 6332 4366 1 Supreme Court Lane www.mediation.com.sg
ìéöԘԁāääӞԊ ҴóԌ ÚêԁäïúäԈ ӫԎԁäԋîé ĀöԇҧԌ. ÚԌïúԏҹ öӝäԑ ïԈӕðԕë āïðԌ Level 4
ÿæóāöԁ äԆҧԋîҧԈҫԌ öāäәԐ ØāïöĀëúҧ æԎԃāæāð ӖðúðïúäӁԌ, Singapore 178879
ӜāñöúäӁԌ ӫԎԁä ÜëöóúԌ.
ӒԂäԋҲԎ 6372 3093 16 College Road www.smc.gov.sg
áҷ æԎԃāæāðԈ ӫԎԋîëԏҟ ÜԂäҽԁҟ ÜëöԁҠԘð æúԈӕðïúí ïҷԈҫö ïԇéӛ #01-01, College of
ØāïԋұäӞԊ îԆԘðԐ öҷïúҹ. Medicine Building
Singapore 169854

Øāïԋұ ÿëúāóĀîӒ ӜóúæԌ ÚāêðëôԌ

ӒԂäԋҲԎ 6478 5400 16 College Road www.snb.gov.sg
ÿîԏĀòúԎ 1800 222 0000 8 Lengkok Bahru www.maintenance ëúӕðԎ ҟҿ #01-01, College of
îñúïӚԋұ #02-01, Family Link @ ofparents.gov.sg Medicine Building
ÙāêðԎ Lengkok Bahru Singapore 169854
ØһöóäԌ Singapore 159052
æԆé ÜëӜԁ ҟҿ 1800 325 1424 45 Maxwell Road www.lab.gov.sg
#08-12,
æҳëúð āöԈӕð 6325 1600 100 High Street www.cmc.gov.sg URA Centre East Wing
āïðԌ #03-02, The Treasury Singapore 069118
Singapore 179434

ӒԂäԋҲԎ æԆé 6538 2500 39 South Bridge Road www.lawsociety.org.sg

ӒԂäԋҲԎ æҴä 6778 7922 Blk 324 Clementi Avenue 5 www.sasw.org.sg æҴäԌ Singapore 058673
ÝӝðԎäԑ æԂäԌ #01-209
Singapore 120324

ӒԂäԋҲԎ îԐ 6355 2405 16 College Road www.sdc.gov.sg

ïҷԈҫöԎäԑ #01-01, College of
äõäԌ Medicine Building
Singapore 169854
26 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ
Ӝôԁäԃÿæúԏäԑ
îñúïӚԋұ ØԐóҫ ӒӐԃāæ ÿëúéԎîúí ÿæðԐäԑ
îñúïӚԋұ ØԐóҫ ӒӐԃāæ ÿëúéԎîúí ÿæðԐäҽԁҟ áԋұëԐ ÿëӚӜԁҟԌ
ӕòāí ÚõԉëöԎäҽԁҟԋ îñúïӚԋîúôԎäԑ (ÝӕðԌ ÿîҹԌ / ÿîòúë),
ңäúëúñԋ îñúïӚԋұ ÝӝðԎäԑ ïԏҹԌ ҟҧԌî ÜҹԋӗíԎäԑ ÙӐĀðúԎ
ĀïԏÿäúԑҽԌ ңð îñúïӚԋұ ØԐóҫ ïҷԈҫöԃ ӒӐԃāæ ÙӐðöԏāò
ÜԑôéԁҟԌ îӔäāô Úҫ ҟӟԁӐòҫ.
Әäԃ Ӓòԉë ìóԊäԑ
ïíìóԈӕòāí ÚõԉëöӚԊ æúԎîúä áҷ ҳԘāö ÞҧԁҟԌ ҳԊұ Øöҷԁҟ
Þҫ Ӓòԉëҫ ÞԊîӕԐ äöíԌ ÿæһԈҫԌ îó äúñӔäāôԁ äҷԈӕԐ
ÞҧԈҫԁÿäúԑô ĀöԇԘð äéāï ҳԘÿöҧԋĀîúҷԁҟ Üԑôҫ. ĀïһԌ
ëäöԐ ÿîò æԆé ìāéҳāò ӜӕԈ ÿëúҟԋӗԊ 6-ÙԌ ØԈӕðúðԈāëԁ
äúԇä.
ìāéҳāò öõԁҟԈ ÿëúҟԋұ
ÚԉëԈ ÿëúҟԋұ ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԈӕԏҟ (æԆéԌ) ÙëñӁ ØӞԁӐòҫ ïԏҹԌ
æԆéԈāë ìāéҳāòәԐ ÞԋîԘ ØïԐ ÿæԍöҫ ÞԊîāëԋ îԏӟ ĀïһԌ
ӜôԁäԈāë ØӞԁӐòҫ.
ëӠðúԑ ØԐóҫ ÿæúԈҫԋ ÿîúҹԋұԁ ҟҿ
ïíìóԁ ĀäúôúӟíúԐ ØöӕԋîҧԌ áҷöӚԊ æúԎîúä ҟӟԋӗԆé
ҳԘӁäāô Þҧԋîëԏҟ ӬӕïԊòԌ Úԁҟҿԁäāô ïíĀìúԍäԑ, ӒӐԃāæ
æԆéԈӕԊ (ÚԋĀîúҫ ÚñԈëúԁäԋîԆҧӜԆé) ӦԒ ӖðӘԈëҫ. ìāéҳāòәԐ
ÚҷԁҟԌ ҟҿԁäӞԐ Āæāö ұӚҵԌ ìîԎäԑ, ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԌ 1 ïúԎԃ
2010 –Ԑ ìéԋұԁҟ öҷԌĀîúҫ, ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԈӕԊ ӦԒ ӬӕïԊòԈëúԐ
ӖðӘԁäԋîԆéöԎäāôԋ ĀîúԐ ҳԊұ ҟҿԁäӞԊ ӦԒ ÿîԏҹ öԉë ØĀë
ØӕäúñԈҫéүԌ äéāïäҽéүԌ ҫāê ØòԂäúöóԎäôúä ÙíúԎäԑ.
ҳԘÿöҧԋîöԎ
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôöԎäӞԊ æúԎîúä ҳԘӁäāôԃ ÿæԍҵԌ áҷ
ëӠ ìîԎ ØԐóҫ âԎ Ùԑ ÙӐĀðúԎ ҳԘÿöҧԋîöԎäôúöԎ. ÚöԏӟԐ
îñúïӚԋîúôԎäԑ, ëúӕäԑ, ïҷԈҫöԎäԑ, Ӭԇéäúó Øӕäúñԋ îԈӕñԈӕԊ
ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԑ ïԏҹԌ ӬӕïԊòԈëúԐ ӖðӘԁäԋîԆé ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìԎäԑ ÙӐĀðúԎ ØéԂҟöԎ.
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 27
ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑô áҷöӚԊ æúԎîúä ҟӟԋӗԆé ҳԘӁäԑ Þҧԁä áҷ
ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ ӬӕïԊòԈëúԐ ӖðӘԁäԋîҧӐòúԎ. ïíìóԈӕòԊ
ҟāòîúҧԑôöԎ LPA āöԃ ÿæԍðӜԐāó ÞԊòúһԌ, Øöñҫ æúԎîúä
ØԌҳԘӁäāô Þҧԁä áҷ ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ ÚԐāóÿðԊòúĀóú ӬӕïԊòԌ
ÚԉӖðïíԈāëԃ ÿæԍӐòҫ. áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ, ïíìóԈӕòԊ
ӜӕҳāòäӞԐ ҟӟԋӗéԋîԆéîԘ 'ÿîúҹԋîúԇāï ӖҹöíԂäԑ æԆéԌ
(ØԈӕðúðԌ 336) -Ԋ ӦԒ öāñðҹԁäԋîԆҧԑôҫ ĀîúԐ áҷ ëӠ ìîñúäĀöú
ØԐóҫ ÿæúԈҫ ïԏҹԌ ӜöäúñԂäҽԁҟ ÜӚïԌ ÿîԏò áҷ ÿîúҹԋîúԇāï
ӖҹöíïúäĀöú ÚҷԁäóúԌ.
ØӕäúñԌ öõԂҟìԎ
ҟāòԉëҫ 21 öðҫāéð ìîԎ, ëúԊ ßëúöҫ áҷ ìúԑ ëíԁҟ ïíìóԈӕòԊ
ҟԊӟíúԐ ëíҫ ëӠðúԑ ÿîúҫìóԊ ïԏҹԌ / ØԐóҫ áҷ LPA āö
ӖðӘԁҟԌ ìîԎ.
ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎ
ëԂäҽԁҟ ÿæúԉë ӜöäúñԂäāô ӖðӘԁä Úðóúëöúҹ ïíìóԈӕòԊ
ҟāòîúҧ ßԏîҧԌ Āîúҫ ëԂäӞԊ æúԎîúä ëԂäӞԊ ңð ìԐöúԒāöԋîԏӟ
ïԏҹԌ/ØԐóҫ ÿæúԈҫ & ØһöԐ ӜöäúñԂäāôԁ ҟӟԈҫ ҳԘӁäāô
ÞҧԁäӁԌ ØӕäúñԌ öõԂҟԌ ëӠ ìîԎäôúԐ ӖðӘԁäԋîҧîöԎäĀô
ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäԑ.
ҠԆéúä
ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäҽԌ, ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäҽԌ ҠԆéúäԃ ÿæðԐîé
ĀöԇҧԌ. ëӠðúäԃ ÿæðԐîéԁ Ҡéúҫ.
ҠԆéúäӁԌ ëӠԈëӠðúäӁԌ
ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäҽԌ, ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ ÿîҹìԎäҽԌ ҠԆéúäӁԌ
ëӠԈëӠðúäӁԌ ÿæԍðóúԌ. Úԉë ҳāòәԐ ÿæðԐîԆéúһԌ
ßԏäԈëԁäëúҟԌ.
Ӭԇéäúó Øӕäúñԋ îԈӕñԌ (LPA)
áҷ ØӕäúñԌ öõԂҟìԎ Øöҷԁҟ ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧ ßԏîҧԌĀîúҫ,
ҟӟԋӗԆé ҳԘӁäāô Øöñҫ æúԎîúäԃ ÿæԍð áԊĀòú ØԐóҫ Øëԏҟ
ĀïԏîԆéöԎäāôĀðú ØöԎ ëԊ ңðӜҷԋîԈҫéԊ ӖðӘԁä Øүïӕ
öõԂҟԌ áҷ æԆéԌ æúԎԉë îԈӕñԌ Úҫ.
28 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ ҟӟԋұäԑ
áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 29

ïíìóԈӕòԊ
ӕԆéöԆéïúí áҷ ҳԘāö áҷ ҟӟԋӗԆé ĀìñԈӕԐ Þҧԁä áҷ ìîҷԁҟԑô
ÙԏòĀó ïíìóԈӕòԊ ÞԊîëúҟԌ.

ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԌ
ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԌ ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôöԎäāôԁ äúԋîúԏò
îúҫäúԋîӞԁӐòҫ. ÚԃæԆéԌ ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôҷԁҟԁ äԇäúӔԋұ ïԏҹԌ
ұóíúԍӁ ØӕäúñԂäāô öõԂҟöĀëúҧ . ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑôöԎäԑ
ëԂäӞԊ îñúïӚԋîúôԎäԑ ïԏҹԌ ҳԘÿöҧԋĀîúԎäôúԐ
ҫԊұҹԈëԋîҧöāë áҷ ҟԏòԃÿæðóúԁҟӐòҫ. ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑô
áҷöӚԊ æúԎîúä ҟӟԋӗԆé ҳԘӁäԑ ÿæԍðԋîҧöāëҵԌ æԆéԌ
ëāéÿæԍӐòҫ.

ÿîðԎ ØӟӜԁäԋîԆéöԎäԑ
áҷ LPA āö îӕӁÿæԍðԁ ĀäúҷԌ ӜԇêԋîԈāëԋ îԏӟ ØӕäúñԌ öõԂҟìԎ
ðúԎ ðúҷԁҟ ÿëӚðԋîҧԈҫӐòúĀñú ØöԎäĀô ÿîðԎ ØӟӜԁäԋîԆéöԎäԑ
ÙöԎ. Øöҷāéð ìóāíԋ îԏӟ Øԁäāò ÿäúԇҧԑôöԎäôúäӁԌ
Øöҷāéð ҤԒӖāóäāô ìԊòúä ұӚԉҫÿäúԇéöԎäôúäӁԌ
ÚҷԁäĀöԇҧԌ.

ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôԎ ØһöóäԌ

ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԈӕԊ äԆéāïԋӗԊ ÝĀé ÿîúҫԁ äúԋîúôӚԊ
ØһöääԈӕԏҟԋ îñԉëäԊò ÿîúҹԋұäԑ Üԑôí. ÚöԏӟԐ Ӭԇéäúó
Øӕäúñԋ îԈӕñԌ (LPA) îӕĀöԆāé ӖԎöӐԋîҫ, ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìԎäāô ĀïԏîúԎāöәҧöҫ ïԏҹԌ ҫԊұҹԈëԐ ҟԏòԃæúԆҧäāôԋ
ұóԊ Ӝæúñāê ÿæԍöҫ ÙӐðāö ØéԂҟԌ.

æԆéҲԎö ÿìӟäԑ
ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧԑô ØԐóҫ ïíìóԈӕòԊ ҟāòîúҧ
ßԏîéԁҠԘðöԎäҽéԊ ÿëúéԎұÿäúԑҽԌ Āîúҫ ïíìóԈӕòԊ æԆéԈӕԊ
ӦԒ àԉҫ æԆéҲԎö ÿìӟäāô ØāíöҷԌ ӗԊîԏò ĀöԇҧԌ.

ӜĀöäïԏò ҳԘӁ
Úҫ æԆéҲԎö ÿìӟäӞԐ áԊāòԁ ҟӟԁӐòҫ. ïíìóԈӕòԊ Üԑô áҷ ìöҷԁҟ
ïԏòöԎ ĀìúԁӐԐ ӜĀöäïԏòҫ ÞԊҹ ұóԋîҧԌ áҷ ҳԘāö ÞҧԁҟԌ ÜӚāï
Üԑôҫ. ÞҧԁäԋîҧԌ ҳԘӁ ØӟӁԋҲԎöïԏòëúä ÚҷԋîëúԐ ØԉìîԎ
ïíìóԈӕòāí ÚõԉҫӜԆéúԎ ÞԊҹ ÿîúҷԑîéúҫ.
30 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ ҟӟԋұäԑ ҟӟԋұäԑ áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ 31
32 áҷ ҫāê ØӕäúñԌ
ÿîҹìӚԊ öӝäúԆԘ ҟӟԋұäԑ
OFFICE OF THE PUBLIC GUARDIAN
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Fourth Edition
Printed in Dec 2016