SAFE HANDLING OF FORKLIFT TRUCKS

KESELAMATAN PENGENDALIAN TRAK ANGSUN

1
2
ANDA MESTI LEBIH DARIPADA 18TAHUN UMUR UNTUK
MENGENDALIKAN FORKLIFT

3
 RISIKO MENGABAI KESELAMATAN FORKLIFT
Forklifts are extremely useful in a variety of workplaces, but there is
great risk of property damage, injury or death if you:

- are not trained on forklift safety

- are not familiar with the specific forklift vehicle

- operate the forklift in an unsafe manner Source: New Zealand Dept.

of Labor

- operate a forklift with a defect or missing parts

4
Source: RiteHite Doors Source: WorksafeBC
 POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK
Definition
• A mobile, power-propelled truck used to carry, push, pull, lift,
stack or tier materials. [American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) definition]
• Excluded are vehicles used for earth moving and over-the-road
hauling.
• Commonly known as forklifts, pallet trucks, rider trucks, fork
trucks, or lift trucks.
• Can be powered through electric or combustion engines.

5
 LATIHAN PEGENDALI
• Safe Operation
• The employer shall ensure that each powered
industrial truck operator is competent to operate a
powered industrial truck safely, as demonstrated by
successful completion of the training and evaluation
specified.
• Prior to permitting an employee to operate a powered
industrial truck (except for training purposes), the employer
shall ensure that each operator has successfully completed
the required training (or previously received appropriate
training).

6
 TRAINING PROGRAM CONTENT (continued)
❑ Truck-related topics
• Operating instructions,
warnings and precautions
• Differences from automobile
• Controls and instrumentation
• Engine or motor operation
• Steering and maneuvering
• Visibility
• Fork and attachment
adaptation, operation, use
• Vehicle capacity and stability
• Vehicle inspection and
maintenance that the
operator will be required to
perform
• Refueling/Charging/
Recharging batteries
• Operating limitations
• Other instructions, etc.
7
 EFFECTIVE POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK
TRAINING PROGRAM
• Four major areas of concern must be addressed:

• The general hazards that apply to the operation of all or

most powered industrial trucks;
• The hazards associated with the operation of particular
types of trucks;
• The hazards of workplaces generally; and,
• The hazards of the particular workplace where the vehicle
operates.

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 TRAINING PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

Training and evaluation shall be conducted by

a person with the knowledge, training and
experience to train powered industrial truck
operators and evaluate their competence.

9
 CERTIFICATION

• The employer shall certify that each operator has

been trained and evaluated as required by the
standard.
• Certification shall include:
• Name of operator
• Date of training
• Date of evaluation
• Identity of person(s) performing the training or evaluation

10
 REFRESHER TRAINING AND EVALUATION
(continued)
• An evaluation of each powered industrial
truck operator’s performance must be
conducted:
• After initial training,
• After refresher training, and
• At least once every two years

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 THESE ARE NOT POWERED INDUSTRIALTRUCKS

Non-powered pallet jack Farm vehicles Self-propelled elevated

work platform

Earth-moving vehicle
Bobcat skid steer with forks 12
 COMPONENTS OF A NON POWERED PALLET
TRUCK

*One of the most common types of powered industrial trucks

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 COMPONENTS OF A LPG FORKLIFT TRUCK

*One of the most common types of powered industrial trucks

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 COMPONENTS OF A BATTERY TRUCK

*One of the most common types of powered industrial trucks

15
 COMPONENTS OF A FORKLIFT TRUCK *

*One of the most common types of powered industrial trucks

16
Wikimedia commons
17
 FORKLIFT NAMEPLATE
The nameplate will list the type of forklift and the capacity

Weight

Type

Load
capacity

OSHA

This forklift is a propane (LP) powered forklift, weighing 8680 lbs. with a lifting
capacity of up to 4500 lbs.
18
 FORKLIFT OPERATING MANUAL
Since there are numerous makes, models
and types of forklifts, it is important to
check for warnings in the specific forklift
operator’s manual.

The manual should be kept on the forklift

at all times.

OSHA

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 FORKLIFT STABILITY TRIANGLE

OSHA

Almost all counterbalanced powered industrial trucks supported at three points. This is
true even if the vehicle has four wheels. The truck's steer axle is attached to the truck by
a pivot pin in the axle's center. When this point is connected to the front wheels with
imaginary lines, this three-point support forms a triangle called the stability triangle. So
long as the center of gravity remains within this stability triangle, the truck is stable and
will not tip over.
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 JENIS TRAK YANG DIKENDALIKAN
TYPES OF TRUCKS OPERATED
✓ Gas Petroleum cair

✓ Diesel

✓ Elektrik

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JENIS TRAK ANGSUN

JENIS COUNTER BALANCES

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JENIS TRAK ANGSUN

JENIS REACH

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JENIS TRAK ANGSUN
JENIS ORDER PICKER

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 KOMPONEN UTAMA DALAM
TRAK ANGKAT SUSUN MAIN COMPONENTS IN
FORKLIFT TRUCKS
1 Torque Convertor
2. Hydraulic Pump
3. Hydraulic Cylinders
4. Fork – 3’, 5’, 6’, 8’
5. Alternator
6. Radiator
7. Fuel Injector Pump
8. Air Filter
9. Mast (1, 2, 3 Stage
Mast) 25
 KESELAMATAN PENGENDALIAN
TRAK ANGSUN
Matlamat Kursus
Menjadikan anda seorang pemandu trak angkat susun
yang:
❑ Sentiasa mementingkan keselamatan dan kesihatan-
❑ Diri sendiri
❑ Rakan sekerja
❑ Orang lain
❑ Mementingkan keselamatan harta benda majikan
❑ Megurangkan kos penyelengaraan
❑ Terlatih
❑ Cekap
❑ Bertauliah

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 MANFAAT KURSUS
BENEFIT OF THE PROGRAMME
❑ MENGAJAR KEPERLUAN DAN PENGETAHUAN ASAS
KEMAHIRAN
Keperluan untuk keselamatan, kecekapan pengendalian jentera
jenangkut

❑ MENGALAKKAN AMALAN YANG BAIK

Oleh pengendali jentera untuk mengekalkan dan mempromosi
kemahiran ini.

❑ MELAHIRKAN PERSEKITARAN KERJA YANG SELAMAT

Dengan membentuk peraturan kerja yang selamat sebagai amalan
harian
❑ MEMENUHI KEPERLUAN UNDANG-UNDANG
Dalam peraturan kesihatan & keselamatan
❑ MENYEDIAKAN PENINGKATAN KESELAMATAN &
KECEKAPAN
Untuk mengurangkan kos
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 AKTA KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN
PEKERJAAN 1994

SEKSYEN 24 (1) (A)

Keselamatan & Kesihatan diri sendiri dan

orang lain…

Tanggungjawab Bersama

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 AKTA KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN
PEKERJAAN 1994

SEKSYEN 24 (1) (B)

Kerjasama dengan majikan tentang

KKP

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 AKTA KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN
PEKERJAAN 1994

SEKSYEN 24 (1) (C)

Memakai / Mengguna alat-alat perlindungan

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 AKTA KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN
PEKERJAAN 1994

SEKSYEN 24 (1) (D)

Mematuhi arahan / langkah-langkah KKP

Majikan

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 TANGGUNGJAWAB PENGENDALI
OPERATORS’ RESPONSIBILITY

1. Jenis muatan yang dikendalikan

Type of Loads

2. Pergerakan kenderaan di dalam kilang

Plant Traffic Flow

3. Pengendalian Trak
Truck Operation

4. Peraturan-peraturan keselamatan kerja

Safety Rules
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 KUALITI & TABIAT BAIK SEORANG
PEMANDU TRAK ANGSUN
1. Kesihatan Diri
2. Pakaian Kemas / Lengkap
3. Keadaan baik trak
4. Memandu dengan selamat / cermat
5. Mementingkan keselamatan
- Diri sendiri
- Rakan sekerja
- Harta benda majikan
6. Mematuhi:
- Peraturan Keselamatan & Kesihatan di tempat kerja
- Syarat-syarat Akta Keselamatan & Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994
7. Mengamalkan budaya keselamatan pekerjaan
8. Membuatkan keselamatan & kesihatan pekerjaan cara hidup
33
 ASAS PERATURAN KESELAMATAN

➢ Hanya pengendali terlatih dan layak sahaja

boleh mengendalikan jenangkut

➢ Pengendali perlu sihat tubuh badan

➢ Pengendali perlu ada kebolehan menganggar

jarak

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 ASAS PERATURAN KESELAMATAN
➢ Memperkenal peraturan
– 2 tempatan sepeti contoh dibawah:
- Kelajuan mak. di dalam 5 Km/j
-Kelajuan mak. di luar 15Km/j

➢ Perhatikan papan tanda setiap masa

➢ Pastikan siapa bertanggungjawab untuk

pemeriksaan harian dan mingguan

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Hanya pemandu yang terlatih dan berkenaan
sahaja yang boleh mengendalikan trak angkat
susun

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Semasa memasukkan
dan mengeluarkan
muatan pastikan
adanya penahan brek
atau tayar pada trailer
kontena

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
ANDA MESTI MEMAKAI SEATBELTS SETIAP KALI ANDA MEMBAWA
FORKLIFT . INI AKAN MENJAMIN KESELAMATAN ANDA.

Click it - before
you drive!!

worksafeVictoria

OSHA L&I

A common cause of forklift fatalities is from the operator not having or using a seatbelt.
38
•

MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Refueling a propane powered forklift

Liquid propane is extremely cold when released to

the atmosphere. If your skin is exposed to propane
while refueling, you can get frostbite.

• Shut off the engine before refueling.

• Don’t leave propane-powered forklifts near high
heat sources.
• When parking propane-powered forklifts for a
long period of time, turn the tank valve off.

Any propane leak must be taken seriously.

Propane vapor is heavier than air and will tend to
sink to the lowest lying area. If not adequately
dissipated, it will ignite when exposed to a spark OSHA
39
or flame.
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Charging or changing batteries
on electric forklifts
The battery changing/charging area
should have the following:
- no smoking signs.
- adequate fire protection.
- plenty of water for flushing and
neutralizing spilled battery acid.
- an eyewash that provides at least 15
minutes of flowing water

If you have to add water, to batteries or handle battery

acid, be sure to wear personal protective equipment. OSHA
40
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Sebelum memulakan kerja,
periksa jenangkut anda.
Pemeriksaan seperti berikut :

1. Fluid levels -- oil, water, and

hydraulic fluid.
2. Leaks, cracks or other visible
defect in hydraulic hoses and
mast chains.
3. Tire pressure and tire cuts or
gouges.
4. Condition of the forks, including
the top clip retaining pin.
5. All safety devices working
properly including the seat belt.

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN

Gunakan pallet
yang betul. Pallet
yang patah perlu
di baiki atau di
buang

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN

Periksa beban yang tidak kemas

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Jangan lebih muatan. Ini Menganggu
penglihatan

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN

Imbangi
kedudukan
beban pada
fork

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN

Jangan benarkan sesiapa berdiri dibawah

cabang (fork) yang dinaikkan

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN

Jauhi tangan dan kaki anda dari kawasan

sekitar tiang (mast)

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Stay out of the mast!!
While using a forklift to transport 15
cardboard boxes at once, some of the
boxes started to slip. The operator
climbed into the mast to adjust the
falling boxes.

When the worker stepped between the

operator's seat and the mast (without
turning off the engine first) he
accidentally hit one of the control
levers, causing the mast to move. He
was crushed between it and the
overhead guard.
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Source: JICOSH
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Forklifts and Pedestrians
• Slow down and sound horn at intersections, corners, and wherever your
vision is obstructed.
• When provided, use flashing warning light or backup alarms when
traveling in reverse.
• Always look in the direction of travel.
• Signal to pedestrians to stand clear.
• Do not allow anyone to stand or walk under upraised forks.
• When possible, make eye contact with pedestrians or other forklift
operators before moving in their path.

OSHA

49
FORKLIFT BLIND SPOT

Blind spot 50
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
The risk to a rider
A seasoned forklift operator sat next to
the operator's seat while showing a new
operator how to operate the forklift.

The new operator accidentally performed

the wrong maneuver, causing the forklift
to run into one of the pillars at the site.
The worker who had been training him
was crushed between the support pillar
and the forklift.
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Source: JICOSH
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Beban yang dibawa harus rendah dengan lantai

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN

Pastikan tiang condong ke belakang apabila

membawa beban

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Tentukan jarak yang selamat dengan kenderaan yang lain

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 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Jangan memotong kenderaan bila tidak selamat
. in

55
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN

Jangan berangan-angan, bersedia selalu

56
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Forklift Load Capacity

OSHA

While carrying a load near the maximum allowable capacity, be aware of the
following:
• Danger of tipover
• Danger of losing load
• Danger of being struck by falling load 57
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Moving the load
OSHA

Use extra caution when handling loads that approach the truck's
maximum rated capacity:
• Tilt the mast & forks back and position the heaviest part of
the load against the carriage.

• Travel with the mast tilted back to keep the load stable.

Never travel with the load tilted forward. Tilting the load forward
increases the load distance and makes the load less stable 58
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Don’t leave your forklift unattended
A forklift is considered "unattended"
When the operator is 25 ft. or more
away from the vehicle even if it
remains in his view, or whenever the
operator leaves the vehicle and it is
not in his view.

When a forklift is left unattended, forks

must be fully lowered, controls
neutralized, power shut off, and brakes
set. Wheels must be blocked if the
truck is parked on an incline.
Where’s the operator??

When the operator of a forklift is within 25 ft. of the truck still in his view, the load
engaging means must be fully lowered, controls neutralized, and the brakes set to
prevent movement, but the power does not need to be shut off. 59
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Propane-powered forklifts and carbon monoxide
Propane powered forklifts produce carbon monoxide. The amount depends
on how well they are tuned, but should be 1% or less at the tail pile.

Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur when propane forklifts are used
in cold rooms, controlled atmosphere rooms, truck trailers or shipping
containers, or in warehouses or other enclosed areas that do not have
enough fresh air ventilation.

If propane powered forklifts are used indoors, they should be tuned up

regularly and tested for carbon monoxide emissions periodically.
60
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Perlahankan kenderaan di kawasan yang basah dan licin

61
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Driving on an incline
Always drive with the load on the uphill side - go backwards driving down
the incline and frontwards going up the incline to prevent tipping or losing
control of the forklift.

If no load on the forklifts, do the opposite with forks pointing down the ramp

62
OSHA
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Ketika di selekoh, pandu perlahan dan bunyikan HON

63
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN

Elakkan melalui sebarang objek di jalanan

64
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN

Tetapkan tangan dan kaki anda di dalam

kenderanan

65
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN

Selalu perhatikan bebanan dan kelegaan

sebelah atas

66
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Apabila membelok, perhatikan bahagian belakang

67
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN

Pandu undur apabila membawa beban besar

68
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN

Elakkan hujung cabang (fork) dari mengenai

sebarang objek

69
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Amalkan memandu dengan beban ke atas pada
lereng

70
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Jangan membawa penumpang

71
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
Jangan
mengangkat
seseorang dengan
jenangkut

72
 MAKLUMAT KESELAMATAN
 Jangan terjun sekiranya Forklift hampir
nak terbalik.
 Berada di dalam dan berpegang atau
perpaut rapat atau sendatkan kedudukan

73
 Keselamatan Pengendalian Trak Angkat
Susun Senggaraan & Pemeriksaan Harian
1. Bekalan bahan tenaga 7. Hon

2. Paras minyak pelincir 8. Lampu Isyarat

3. Paras cecair hydraulik / 9. Rantai

brek

4. Paras air radiator 10.Sistem hydraulik

5. Paras air bateri 11.Jarak tempat duduk

6. Kestabilan tayar 12.Kuasa berhenti/brek tangan

74
LAPORAN HARIAN PEKERJA
TRAK MENGANGKAT MENGGUNAKAN KUASA BATERI
NO TRAK: _________ DIBUAT: __________ TARIKH: _________ SYIF: __________
JAM BACAAN METER MULA: _________ AKHIR: _________ JAM PADA SYIF: __________
PERIKSA SEMUA MULA SEMASA AKHIR BERI KETERANGAN JIKA
PERKARA JIKA OK TIDAK OK ATAU LAIN-LAIN
TULIS OK TINDAKAN YANG DIAMBIL
1. PENYAMBUNG
PLUG BATERI

2. CAS BATERI

3. UJIAN KUASA
BATERI
4. BREK – SERVIS &
KEDUDUKAN
BREK
5. LAMPU DEPAN,
BELAKANG &
AMARAN

6. HON

7. JUMLAH BACAAN

8. STERENG

9. TAYAR

10. PENGAWALAN
HIDROLIK
11. LAIN-LAIN
KEADAAN
75
CATATAN TAMBAHAN :_________________________ TANDATANGAN:__________________
LAPORAN HARIAN PEKERJA
TRAK MENGANGKAT MENGGUNAKAN KUASA ENJIN
NO TRAK: _________ DIBUAT: __________ TARIKH: _________ SYIF: __________

JAM BACAAN METER MULA: _________ AKHIR: _________ JAM PADA SYIF: __________
PERIKSA SEMUA MULA SEMASA AKHIR BERI KETERANGAN JIKA
PERKARA JIKA OK TIDAK OK ATAU LAIN-LAIN
TULIS OK TINDAKAN YANG DIAMBIL
1. PARAS BAHAN
BAKAR
2. PARAS MINYAK
PELINCIR &
TEKANAN
3. PARAS AIR &
TALI KIPAS
4. BREK SEMASA
BERHENTI

5. HON

6. METER MASA
DAN JANGKA
SUHU

7. STERING

8. TAYAR

9. PENGAWALAN
HIDROLIK
10. LAIN-LAIN
KEADAAN
76
CATATAN TAMBAHAN :_________________________
TANDATANGAN:__________________
 Prosedur Meletak Trak Angkat Susun
Procedures for Parking Forklift Trucks
1. Meletak trak angkat susun
Parking forklift trucks
2. Letak cagar di atas lantai
Forks on floor
3. Kawalan di posisi neutral
Controls in Neutral
4. Brek
Brakes
5. Cabut dan simpan anak kunci
Remove and keep key
77
 Prosedur Meletak Trak Angkat Susun
Procedures for Parking Forklift Trucks
6. Mengetahui luas / kekuatan lantai
Know floor capacity

7. Peraturan buang lapang di atas

Overhead clearance rules

8. Penyembur air
Sprinklers

9. Kawalan elektrik
Electrical controls
78
 Prosedur Kaedah Susunan
Procedures for Stacking
1. Kaedah Susunan
Procedures for stacking
2. Memusing perlahan-lahan
Maneuver slowly
3. Berhati-hati semasa membelok tayar belakang
Watch rear-end swing
4. Menghampiri para-para secara berdepan
Approach rack head-on
5. Berhenti sebelum menaikkan muatan
Stop before raising load
79
 Prosedur Kaedah Susunan
Procedures for Stacking
6. Letakkan muatan dengan selamat sebelum
menarik cagar
Place load securely before removing fork
7. Turunkan cagar 6 inci dari permukaan lantai
sebelum bergerak
Lower forks 6 inches above floor before moving
8. Dilarang memandu trak dengan muatan / cagar
yang tinggi
Never travel with load / fork high

80
 Do’s & Don’ts
Do’s
1. Melakukan kerja-kerja selanggaraan yang
dibenarkan sahaja
Do only authorized maintenance work
2. Bunyikan hon di selekoh berbahaya
Sound horn at blind corners
3. Beri amaran apabila mendekati pekerja
Give warning when approaching people
4. Perhatikan sekeliling sebelum mengerakkan trak
Look around before moving truck
81
 Do’s & Don’ts
Do’s

5. Memakai alat perlindungan

Wearing protective equipment
6. Melaporkan keadaan yang tidak selamat
Reporting unsafe conditions
7. Beri laluan kepada pejalan kaki
Give pedestrians the right of way
8. Letak trak di kawasan yang tertentu
Park your truck at designated area
82
 Do’s & Don’ts
Don’ts

1. Jangan menghulurkan tangan melalui mast

Never reach through the mast

2. Dilarang membawa penumpang

No passengers

3. Dilarang bergurau senda semasa memandu

No horseplay

83
 Do’s & Don’ts
Don’ts
4. Jangan salah guna trak
Don’t misuse truck

5. Jangan melanggar undang-undang trafik syarikat

Do not go against company traffic rules

6. Jangan menyimpan barang di atas para-para

penyimpan yang tidak kuat
Do not stack goods on weak storage racks

84
UNSAFE CONDITIONS OR UNSAFE ACTS?

85
UNSAFE CONDITIONS OR UNSAFE ACTS?

86
UNSAFE CONDITIONS OR UNSAFE ACTS?

87
UNSAFE CONDITIONS OR UNSAFE ACTS?

88
UNSAFE CONDITIONS OR UNSAFE ACTS?

89
90