Divergent boundaries occur when two plates separate from each other and it causes the crust to make

an opening and from that opening lies the materials of volcano mainly the magma. (then it rises forming
the volcano)

Convergent boundaries occur when two plates collide mainly continental and oceanic crust. The oceanic
crust submerges because it is denser than the continental crust. As the oceanic crust sinks, it creates
massive friction between them releasing enough energy to melt and form volcanoes

So basically all earth’s volcanoes found in plate boundaries but some volcanoes don’t fit in this pattern
so geologists came up with theory of hot spots.

Hots spots are constant and stationary source of heat beneath the earth’s surface. As stated in plate
tectonic theory the sections of the earth’s crust is constantly moving ( so ang hots spots man daw
constant and stationary source of heat kibali mura syag nay kalayo gekan sa ubos nga mutara sa earth’s
crust) it pounches through creating a chain of islands under sea mountains and that is why Hawaii has a
chain of islands or volcanoes.

Pacific ring of fire mainly causes earthquakes and volcanic activity. It extends from south America to new
Zealand about 25000 miles long. About 75% active volcanoes on earth in the pacific ring of fire and 90%
of earthquakes occur on the ring by sliding of tectonic plates

 is so deadly because theres water underneath it joining the magma. Why is there a water
underneath? Mainly because of the subduction (process of oceanic and continental crust) so the
water sucks through the molten rock creating gash and ashes that’s why it is so dangerous. Pag
muabot naman jud nang ashes sa atmosphere where there is ofcourse water molecules, oxygen
unsa pana nga molecules so ang ash is composed of sulfuric dioxide kung mu mix sa atmosphere it’ll
result acid rain.

Liquids (like magma) have very low compressibility and cannot store enough mechanical energy to
cause an explosion. That’s why power plants uses steam to convert thermal energy to mechanical
energy just like volcanoes, the one mechanism of volcanoes will erupt is through steam. Gases in
volcanoes compose of sulphur dioxide it’s a toxic gas.

Plate tectonics is a theory about the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere, tectonic plates is are pieces of
the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle, together referred to as the lithosphere.

Convection. Lets say we have a pot then you put water on it then I put a fire just in the left section so ofcourse
the bottom left side of the water gets warm first so if warm na it gets less dense, the molecules are vibrating
and theyre gonna bounce away. The less dense parts will go upwards so ofcourse kung muadto ang warm
water sa taas naa juy mureplace which is ang cooler water nasad and katong warm water nga naa sa taas
mucool nasad to sya kay sorrounded man sya sa cool water. The upper right side is cooler and the bottom left
side will be warm then gatuyok ra sya its just transferring heat so this process is called convection.

 In the picture the material of the mantle moves up mainly in the asthenosphere because it is hot so its less
dense it’ll move up so naay phenomena nga mag diverge ang crust so as it goes up it cools down and
eventually sink and will go heat up and go back up again