IOTBASED GARBGE TANK FOR SORTING AND
MONITORING USING ARDUINO UNO
B.Nanthini(422715106014),s.Parameswari(422715106016)
GUIDED BY:Mr.P.Paruthi illam vazuthi M.E.,(PH.D).
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering.
V.R.S.College of Engineering and Technology.Arasur.Villupuram(DT).
Abstract- Rapid increase in population
has led to improper waste management in
metro cities and urban areas which has
resulted in spreading of diseases. It is
estimated that 2.02 billion tones of
municipal solid waste was generated
universally in 2016. The separation,
transport, handling and disposal of waste
must be managed properly to minimize the
risks to the public, and the environment.
This project proposes an automatic waste
sorting which is a cheap, easy to use
solution for a segregation system at
households, so that the wastes can be sent
directly to the respective bin. Automatic
waste sorting is designed to sort the waste
into three main categories namely; metallic,
organic and plastic, thereby making the
waste management more effective. IR
sensor, Inductive proximity sensor,
Capactive proximity sensor, Organic gas
sensor, Wet sensor are used in this project
for sorting the waste with respective bin and
monitoring the garbage level in the tank. IR
sensors are added for monitoring waste
collection process. The sensors would be
placed in all the garbage bins. When the
garbage reaches the level of the sensor, then
the indication will be given to PWD (Public
Work Department).
Index terms- Automatic waste sorting,
Monitoring, Inductive proximity sensor,
Capactive proximity sensor, Organic gas
sensor
I. INTRODUCTION
In India about 60 million
tonnes of waste is being generated
every year. Ten million tonnes of
garbage is generated in metropolitan
cities. The landfills of most of these
cities are overflowing with no space
for fresh garbage waste. The
philosophy of “waste management
hierarchy” has been adopted by most
nations as the step for developing
municipal solid waste (MSW)
management strategies.
According to a sanitation survey
called “Swachh Survekshan-2016”
conducted by the ministry of urban
development under the swachh bharat
mission, it was found that about 50%
people in India face the problem of
improper waste collection and
management. According to centre of
science and environment, innovative
disposal and recycling methods must
be introduced instead of landfill sites.
Thus, we have proposed a cost
effective “Automatic waste sorting
and monitoring system” for proper
management of waste. Automatic
waste sorter categorizes the waste as
plastic, metallic or organic. The
monitoring system helps to monitor
the waste collection process. The
common method of waste disposal is
by unplanned and uncontrolled
dumping at landfill areas. This
method is hazardous to human health,
plant and animal life. When the waste
is segregated into basic streams such
as plastic, metallic and organic, the
waste has a higher potential of
recovery, and then, recycled and
reused. This project IOT Garbage
Monitoring system is a very
innovative system which will help to
keep the cities clean. This system
monitors the garbage bins and informs
about the level of garbage collected in
the garbage bins via a web page. For
this the system uses ultrasonic sensors
placed over the bins to detect the
garbage level and compare it with the
garbage bins depth. The system
makes use of Arduino family
microcontroller, LCD screen and Wi-
Fi modem for sending data. The
system is powered by a 12V
transformer. The LCD screen is used
to display the status of the level of
garbage collected in the bins.
Whereas a web page is built to show
the status to the user monitoring it.
The web page gives a status of the
garbage bins and highlights the
garbage collected in colour in order to
show the level of garbage collected.
The LCD screen shows the status of
the garbage level. The system puts on
the buzzer when the level of garbage
collected crosses the set limit. Thus
this system helps to keep the city
clean by informing about the garbage
levels of the bins by providing level
status of the bins via a web page.
II. EXISTING SYSTEM
Municipal solid waste can be
separated using various techniques
[8]:
 Trommel separators/drum
screens;
 Eddy current separators;
 Inductor sorting;
 Near infrared sensors;
 Manual sorting.
1.1.1 TROMMEL
SEPARATORS/DRUM SCREENS
A trommel screen, also known
as rotary screen, is an essential unit
which is used mainly in the mineral
and solid waste processing industries.
It consists of a perforated cylindrical
drum which is normally elevated at an
angle at the feed end [9]. Physical size
separation is achieved as the feed
material spirals down the rotating
drum, where the undersized material
smaller than the screen apertures
passes through the screen, while the
oversized material exits at the other
end of the drum.
1.1.2 EDDY CURRENT
SEPARATORS
Eddy current separator uses a
powerful magnetic field to separate
non-ferrous metals from waste after
all ferrous metals have been removed
previously. Eddy current separators
are not designed to sort ferrous metals
which become hot inside the eddy
current field. This can lead to damage
of eddy current separator unit belt.
The eddy current separator is applied
to a conveyor belt carrying a thin
layer of mixed waste. At the end of
the conveyor belt is an eddy current
rotor. Non-ferrous metals are thrown
forward from the belt into a bin, while
metals simply fall off the belt due to
gravity.
1.1.3 INDUCTION SORTING
In certain cases, metallic
components, e.g. stainless steel and
composite materials, cannot be
recovered using magnetic separation
and non-ferrous metal sorting
processes. The induction sorting
system is the solution to this problem.
The main measuring criterion is the
electrical conductivity of the material.
Small sensors of about a thumb’s
width in size positioned under a belt
emit electromagnetic waves.
Electrical conductors traversing
through the field change these waves
and a computer detects the signal
difference for each individual particle,
which makes it possible to accurately
sort particles with a conductor of
thicknesses 1 mm.
1.1.4 NEAR INFRARED SENSORS
When materials are illuminated,
they mostly reflect light in the near
infrared wavelength spectrum. The
NIR sensor can distinguish between
different materials based on the way
they reflect light.
1.1.5 MANUAL SORTING
The municipal waste is
separated into plastic, paper, metallic,
etc., manually.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
The whole system is controlled
by an Arduino Uno board. All other
parts like ultrasonic sensors, inductive
proximity sensor, DC motors, blower
and electromagnet are interfaced to
the Arduino board.
2.1.1 OPEN-CLOSE
MECHANISM
The open close mechanism acts
as a regulator to control the waste that
falls on the belt. A 12 V DC geared
motor receives inputs from
microcontroller to monitor the
clockwise and anti-clockwise motion
of the motor. As motor rotates, the
rotary motion is translated to linear
motion using a rack and pinion
arrangement. L293D is used as the
motor driver IC to provide the
necessary current to the motor. This
mechanism is initiated only if the
ultrasonic sensor at the inlet detects a
waste.
2.1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 Fig No. 1.1
Block diagram of smart garbage tank
using Arduino
FLOW CHART
This project is developed for
sorting, transport, handling and
disposal of waste must be managed
properly to minimize the risks to the
public, and the environment. The
proposed system is developed by
Arduino controller along with the
various sensors such as IR sensor,
Inductive Proximity sensor,
Capacitive Proximity sensor, Organic
gas sensor and wet sensor. The
following steps are carried out for
sorting the garbage and monitoring
the level status of bin to Public Work
Department.
1. First, the proposed
method has 4 bins for
sorting the metal, plastic,
organic waste and wet
waste.
2. The garbage to be thrown
in the conveyor belt
which uses to carry the
garbage to the respective
bin.
3. Beside of the conveyor
belt, various sensors are
place for sorting the
garbage.
4. IR sensors are used for
obstacle detection over
the conveyor belt.
5. Inductive proximity
sensor is used for sensing
metal waste and
Capacitive Proximity
sensor is for plastic
waste.
6. Organic sensor MQ135
is used in our project to
detect the gas and wet
sensor is to detect the
garbage either dry or wet
state.
7. Motor Drive is used to
throw the garbage to the
respective bin. Then the
level of filled garbage is
to be sent to the PWD
through Internet.
8.
IR SENSOR
These simple devices operate at
940nm and work well for generic IR
systems including remote control and
touch-less object sensing. Using a
simple ADC on any microcontroller
will allow variable readings to be
collected from the detector. The
emitter is driven up to 50mA with a
current limiting resistor as with any
LED device. The detect is a NPN
transistor that is biased by incoming
 IR light. An infrared sensor is
an electronic device that emits and/or
detects infrared radiation in order to
sense some aspect of its surroundings.
Infrared sensors can measure the heat
of an object, as well as detect motion.
Many of these types of sensors only
measure infrared radiation, rather than
emitting it.
fig.no 3.1 IR SENSOR
3.1.1 SPECIFICATIONS
Operating voltage: 4.5 V to 5.5 V
Average current consumption: 30
mA (typical)
Output voltage differential over
distance range: 1.9 V (typical)
Response time: 38 ± 10 ms
Weight: 3.5 g (0.12 oz)
Range detection (10-80cm).
No external circuitry required.
Infrared Proximity Sensor.
Analog output inversely
proportional to distance.
3.2 INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY
SENSOR
3.2.1 DESCRIPTION
A metal detector is
an electronic instrument which
detects the presence of metal nearby.
Metal detectors are useful for
finding metal inclusions hidden
within objects, or metal objects
buried underground. They often
consist of a handheld unit with a
sensor probe which can be swept
over the ground or other objects. If
the sensor comes near a piece of
metal this is indicated by a changing
tone in earphones, or a needle
moving on an indicator. Usually the
device gives some indication of
distance; the closer the metal is, the
higher the tone in the earphone or
the higher the needle goes. Another
common type are stationary "walk
through" metal detectors used
for security screening at access
points in prisons, courthouses, and
airports to detect concealed metal
weapons on a person's body.

Fig no:inductive proximitysensor
The simplest form of a metal
detector consists of
an oscillator producing an
alternating current that passes
through a coil producing an
alternating magnetic field. If a piece
of electrically conductive metal is
close to the coil, eddy currents will
be induced in the metal, and this
produces a magnetic field of its
own. If another coil is used to
measure the magnetic field (acting
as a magnetometer), the change in
the magnetic field due to the
metallic object can be detected.
The first industrial metal
detectors were developed in the
1960s and were used extensively for
mineral prospecting and other
industrial applications. Uses
include de-mining (the detection
of land mines), the detection of
weapons such as knives and guns
(especially in airport
security), geophysical
prospecting, archaeology and treasur
e hunting. Metal detectors are also
used to detect foreign bodies in
food, and in the construction
industry to detect steel reinforcing
bars in concrete and pipes and wires
buried in walls and floors.
3.3 CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR
fig no: capacitive proximity sensor
Capacitive proximity sensors
are used for non-contact detection of
metallic objects & non metallic
objects (liquid, plastic, wooden
materials and so on). Capacitive
proximity sensors use the variation of
capacitance between the sensor and
the object being detected. When the
object is at a preset distance from the
sensitive side of the sensor, an
electronic circuit inside the sensor
begins to oscillate. The rise or the fall
of such oscillation is identified by a
threshold circuit that drives an
amplifier for the operation of an
external load. A screw placed on the
backside of the sensor allows
regulation of the operating distance.
This sensitivity regulation is useful in
applications, such as detection of full
containers and non-detection of empty
containers. The operating distance of
the sensor depends on the actuator
shape and size and is strictly linked to
the nature of the material.
3.4 ORGANIC GAS SENSOR
The MQ-135 Gas sensors are
used in air quality control equipments
and are suitable for detecting or
measuring of NH3, NOx, Alcohol,
Benzene, Smoke, CO2. The MQ-135
sensor module comes with a Digital
Pin which makes this sensor to
operate even without a analog sensor
microcontroller and that comes in
handy when you are only trying to
detect one particular gas. If you need
to measure the gases in PPM the
analog pin need to be used. The
analog pin is TTL driven and works
on 5V and so can be used with most
common microcontrollers.
If you are looking for a sensor to
detect or measure common air
quality gases such as CO2, Smoke,
NH3, NOx, Alcohol, Benzene then this
sensor might be the right choice for
you.
fig no:organic gas sensor
3.4.1 MQ-135 Sensor Specifications
 Wide detecting scope
 Fast response and High
sensitivity
 Stable and long life
 Operating Voltage is +5V
 Detect/Measure NH3, NOx,
alcohol, Benzene, smoke, CO2,
etc.
 Analog output voltage: 0V to
5V
 Digital output voltage: 0V or 5V
(TTL Logic)
 Preheat duration 20 seconds
 Can be used as a Digital or
 The Sensitivity of Digital pin
can be varied using the
potentiometer
3.5 WIFI
ESP8266 is a wifi SOC (system
on a chip) produced by Espress if
Systems . It is an highly integrated
chip designed to provide full internet
connectivity in a small package.
ESP8266 can be used as an
external Wife module, using the
standard AT Command set Firmware
by connecting it to any
microcontroller using the serial
UART, or directly serve as a Wifi-
enabled micro controller, by
programming a new firmware using
the provided SDK.
The GPIO pins allow Analog and
Digital IO, plus PWM, SPI, I2C, etc.
fig no3.5 wifi module
This board has been around for
almost a year now, and has been
used mostly in IoT contexts, where
we want to add connectivity for
example to an Arduino project. Awide
adoption has been facilitated by the
very modest price, ranging from 2.50
to 10 USD depending on the features
offered by the manufacturers.
3.6 L293D MOTOR DRIVER IC
3.6.1 L293D Description
L293D is a typical Motor driver
or Motor Driver IC which allows DC
motor to drive on either direction.
L293D is a 16-pin IC which can
control a set of two DC motors
simultaneously in any direction. It
means that you can control two DC
motor with a single L293D IC.
The l293d can drive small and quiet
big motors as well, check the Voltage
Specification at the end of this page
for more info.
3.6.2 Working Principle
It works on the concept of H-
bridge. H-bridge is a circuit which
allows the voltage to be flown in
either direction. As you know voltage
need to change its direction for being
able to rotate the motor in clockwise
or anticlockwise direction, Hence H-
bridge IC are ideal for driving a DC
motor.
3.6.3 Specification
VCC is the voltage that it needs
for its own internal operation 5v;
L293D will not use this voltage for
driving the motor. For driving the
motors it has a separate provision to
provide motor supply VSS (V
supply). L293d will use this to drive
the motor. It means if you want to
operate a motor at 9V then you need
to provide a Supply of 9V across VSS
Motor supply.
The maximum voltage for VSS
motor supply is 36V. It can supply a
max current of 600mA per
channel.Since it can drive motors Up
to 36v hence you can drive pretty big
motors with this l293d. VCC pin 16 is
the voltage for its own internal
 Operation. The maximum voltage
ranges from 5v and upto 36v.
3.7 MOTOR
10 RPM Side Shaft 37mm
Diameter High Performance DC Gear
Motor is suitable for small robots /
automation systems. It has sturdy
construction with gear box built to
handle stall torque produced by the
motor. Drive shaft is supported from
both sides with metal bushes. Motor
runs smoothly from 4V to 12V and
gives 10 RPM at 12V. Motor has
6mm diameter, 18mm length drive
shaft with D shape for excellent
coupling.
Important Note: This motor will be bit
noisy while running. For long life,
this motor is not recommended for
application requiring dynamic torque
of more than 6 kg-cm.
3.7.1 Specifications
 RPM: 10 at 12V
 Voltage: 4V to 12V
 Stall torque: 45Kg-cm at maximum
limited stall current of 4Amp.
 Shaft diameter: 6mm
 Shaft length: 18mm
 Gear assembly: Spur
 Brush type: Carbon
 Motor weight: 180gms
3.7.2 Geared DC Motor
A motor takes electrical energy
and converts into mechanical energy.
A geared DC motor has a gear
assembly attached to the motor. The
speed of motor is counted in terms of
rotations of the shaft per minute and is
termed as RPM. The gear assembly
helps in increasing the torque and
reducing the speed. Using the correct
combination of gears in a gear motor,
its speed can be reduced to any
desirable figure. This concept where
gears reduce the speed of the vehicle
but increase its torque is known as
gear reduction. The DC motor works
over a fair range of voltage. The
higher the input voltage more is the
RPM (rotations per minute) of the
motor. For example, if the motor
works in the range of 6–2 V, it will
have the least RPM at 6 V and
maximum at 12 V.
3.7.3 Features
 10RPM 12V DC motors with
Gearbox
 3000RPM base motor
 6mm shaft diameter with
internal hole
 125gm weight
 Same size motor available in
various rpm
 12kgcm torque
 No-load current = 60
mA(Max), Load current = 300
mA(Max)
3.8 RELAY DRIVER CIRCUIT
The circuit used for driving a
relay can be termed as a relay driver
circuit and it can be designed using
various integrated circuits. These
relays are needed to be driven for
activating or to turn ON. So, relays
require some driver circuitry to turn
ON or OFF (based on the
requirement).The relay driver circuit
can be realized using different
integrated circuits such as ULN2003,
CS1107, MAX4896, FAN3240,
A2550, and so on. Here, in this article
let us discuss about relay driver
circuit using ULN2003. Before
discussing in detail about a relay
driver circuit, let us know about IC
ULN2003.
3.8.1 ULN2003 Features
 Contains 7 high-voltage and high
current Darlington pairs
 Each pair is rated for 50V and
500mA
 Input pins can be triggered by +5V
 All seven Output pins can be
connected to gather to drive loads
up to (7×500mA) ~3.5A.
 Can be directly controlled by logic
devices like Digital Gates, Arduino,
PIC etc
 Available in 16-pin DIP, TSSOP,
SOIC packages
3.8.2 Applications
 Used to drive high current
loads using Digital Circuits
 Can be used to drive Stepper
motors
 High current LED’s can be
driven
 Relay Driver module (can drive
7 relays)
 Logic Buffers in digital
electronics
Used as Touch sensor for
Arduino
3.9 CONVEYOR BELT
Fig no 3.8:conveyor belt
A conveyor belt is the carrying
medium of a belt conveyor
system (often shortened to belt
conveyor). A belt conveyor system is
one of many types of conveyor
systems. A belt conveyor system
consists of two or
more pulleys (sometimes referred to
as drums), with an endless loop of
carrying medium—the conveyor
belt—that rotates about them. One or
both of the pulleys are powered,
moving the belt and the material on
the belt forward. The
powered pulley is called the drive
pulley while the unpowered pulley is
called the idler pulley. There are two
main industrial classes of belt
conveyors; Those in general material
handling such as those moving boxes
along inside a factory and bulk
material handling such as those used
to transport large volumes of
resources and agricultural materials,
such as grain, salt, coal, ore, sand,
overburden and more.
3.10 LCD DISPLAY
LCD (liquid crystal display) is
the technology used for display in
notebook and other smaller computers
like light-Emitting diode (LED) and
gas-plasma technologies. The fig. 12
shows the LCD display screen
Fig no:3.10 LCD DISPLAY
3.10.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The IOT Garbage Monitoring
system is a very innovative system
which will help to keep the cities
clean. This arrangement monitors the
garbage bins and notifies about the
level of garbage collected in the
garbage bins via web page. For this
the scheme uses ultrasonic sensors
positioned over the bins to detect the
garbage level and relate it with the
garbage bins depth. The system
makes use of Arguing family
microcontroller, LCD screen, Wi-Fi
modem for sending data and a buzzer.
The scheme is powered by a 12V
transformer. The LCD screen is used
to display the status of the level of
garbage composed in the bins.
Whereas a web page is built to show
the status to the user monitoring it.
The web page gives a graphical view
of the garbage bins and climaxes the
garbage collected in colour in order to
show the level of garbage collected.
The LCD monitor shows the
condition of the trash level. The
scheme puts on the signal when the
level of trash composed crosses the
customary limit. Thus this scheme
aids to remain the city spotless by
updating about the trash levels of the
bins by providing graphical
representation of the bins via a web
page. TheESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a
self-contained SOC with combined
TCP/IP decorum stack that can give
any microcontroller access to your
Wi-Fi network. The ESP8266 is
talented of either hosting an
submission or unburdening all Wi-Fi
networking functions from another
application processor. Each ESP8266
Module comes pre-programmed with
an AT command customary firmware.
The ESP8266 module is an extremely
price effective board with an
enormous, and ever increasing,
community.
3.11 SEGREGATION DUSTBIN
The segregation bin collects
the garbage from the conveyor belt.

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
4.1 ARDUINO ATMEGA328
The Atmel AVR core combines
a rich instruction set with 32 general
purpose working registers. All the 32
registers are directly connected to the
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),
allowing two independent registers to
be accessed in a single instruction
executed in one clock cycle. The
resulting architecture is more code
efficient while achieving throughputs
up to ten times faster than
conventional CISC microcontrollers.
The ATmega328/P provides the
following features: 32Kbytes of In-
System Programmable Flash with
Read-While-Write capabilities,
1Kbytes EEPROM, 2Kbytes SRAM,
23 general purpose I/O lines, 32
general purpose working registers,
Real Time Counter (RTC), three
flexible Timer/Counters with compare
modes and PWM, 1 serial
programmable USARTs , 1 byte-
oriented 2-wire Serial Interface (I2C),
a 6- channel 10-bit ADC (8 channels
in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages) , a
programmable Watchdog Timer with
internal Oscillator, an SPI serial port,
and six software selectable power
saving modes. The Idle mode stops
the CPU while allowing the SRAM,
Timer/Counters, SPI port, and
interrupt system to continue
functioning.
The Power-down mode saves
the register contents but freezes the
Oscillator, disabling all other chip
functions until the next interrupt or
hardware reset. In Power-save mode,
the asynchronous timer continues to
run, allowing the user to maintain a
timer base while the rest of the device
is sleeping. The ADC Noise
Reduction mode stops the CPU and
all I/O modules except asynchronous
timer and ADC to minimize switching
noise during ADC conversions. In
Standby mode, the crystal/resonator
oscillator is running while the rest of
the device is sleeping. This allows
very fast start-up combined with low
power consumption. In Extended
Standby mode, both the main
oscillator and the asynchronous timer
continue to run. Atmel offers the
QTouch library for embedding
capacitive touch buttons, sliders and
wheels functionality into AVR
microcontrollers. The patented
charge-transfer signal acquisition
offers robust sensing and includes
fully debounced reporting of touch
keys and includes Adjacent Key
Suppression (AKS) technology for
unambiguous detection of key events.
The easy-to-use QTouch Suite
tool chain allows you to explore,
develop and debug your own touch
applications. The device is
manufactured using Atmel’s high
density non-volatile memory
technology. The On-chip ISP Flash
allows the program memory to be
reprogrammed In-System through an
SPI serial interface, by a conventional
non volatile memory programmer, or
by an On-chip Boot program running
on the AVR core. The Boot program
can use any interface to download the
application program in the
Application Flash memory.
Software in the Boot Flash
section will continue to run while the
Application Flash section is updated,
providing true Read-While-Write
operation. By combining an 8-bit
RISC CPU with In-System Self-
Programmable Flash on a monolithic
chip, the Atmel ATmega328/P is a
powerful microcontroller that
provides a highly flexible and cost
effective solution to many embedded
control applications. The
ATmega328/P is supported with a full
suite of program and system
development tools including: C
Compilers, Macro Assemblers,
Program Debugger/Simulators, In-
Circuit Emulators, and Evaluation
kits.
4.1.1 ATMEGA 328
Port B (PB[7:0])
XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2
Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional
I/O port with internal pull-up resistors
(selected for each bit). The Port B
output buffers have symmetrical drive
characteristics with both high sink and
source capability. As inputs, Port B
pins that are externally pulled low
will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port B
pins are tri-stated when a reset
condition becomes active, even if the
clock is not running. Depending on
the clock selection fuse settings, PB6
can be used as input to the inverting
Oscillator amplifier and input to the
internal clock operating circuit. Atmel
ATmega328/P [DATASHEET]
Atmel-42735B-
ATmega328/P_Datasheet_Complete-
11/2016 17 Depending on the clock
selection fuse settings, PB7 can be
used as output from the inverting
Oscillator amplifier. If the Internal
Calibrated RC Oscillator is used as
chip clock source, PB[7:6] is used as
TOSC[2:1] input for the
Asynchronous Timer/Counter2 if the
AS2 bit in ASSR is set.
PORT C (PC[5:0])
Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional
I/O port with internal pull-up resistors
(selected for each bit). The PC[5:0]
output buffers have symmetrical drive
characteristics with both high sink and
source capability. As inputs, Port C
pins that are externally pulled low
will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port C
pins are tri-stated when a reset
condition becomes active, even if the
clock is not running.
PC6/RESET
If the RSTDISBL Fuse is
programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O
pin. Note that the electrical
characteristics of PC6 differ from
those of the other pins of Port C. If
the RSTDISBL Fuse is
unprogrammed, PC6 is used as a
Reset input. A low level on this pin
for longer than the minimum pulse
length will generate a Reset, even if
the clock is not running. Shorter
pulses are not guaranteed to generate
a Reset. The various special features
of Port C are elaborated in the
Alternate Functions of Port C section.
PORT D (PD[7:0])
Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional
I/O port with internal pull-up resistors
(selected for each bit). The Port D
output buffers have symmetrical drive
characteristics with both high sink and
source capability. As inputs, Port D
pins that are externally pulled low
will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port D
pins are tri-stated when a reset
condition becomes active, even if the
clock is not running.
AVCC
AVCC is the supply voltage pin
for the A/D Converter, PC[3:0], and
PE[3:2]. It should be externally
connected to VCC, even if the ADC is
not used. If the ADC is used, it should
be connected to VCC through a low-
pass filter. Note that PC[6:4] use
digital supply voltage, VCC.
AREF
AREF is the analogy reference
pin for the A/D Converter.
ADC[7:6] (TQFP and VFQFN
Package Only)
In the TQFP and VFQFN
package, ADC[7:6] serve as analog
inputs to the A/D converter. These
pins are powered from the analog
supply and serve as 10-bit ADC
channels.
I/O MULTIPLEXING
Each pin is by default
controlled by the PORT as a general
purpose I/O and alternatively it can be
assigned to one of the peripheral
functions. The following table
describes the peripheral signals
multiplexed to the PORT I/O pins.
DATA RETENTION
Reliability Qualification results
show that the projected data retention
failure rate is much less than 1 PPM
over 20 years at 85°C or 100 years at
25°C.
ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit
The high-performance AVR
ALU operates in direct connection
with all the 32 general purpose
working registers. Within a single
clock cycle, arithmetic operations
between general purpose registers or
between a register and an immediate
are executed. The ALU operations are
divided into three main categories –
arithmetic, logical, and bit-functions.
Some implementations of the
architecture also provide a powerful
multiplier supporting both
signed/unsigned multiplication and
 fractional format. See environment (IDE), which is a cross-
Instruction Set Summary section for a platform application written in the
detailed description. programming language Java. It
SOFTWAREDESCRIPTION originated from the IDE for the
5.1 INTRODUCTION languages Processing and Wiring. It
Arduino is an open source includes a code editor with features
computer hardware and software such as text cutting and pasting,
company, project, and user searching and replacing text,
community that designs and automatic indenting, brace matching,
manufactures single-board and syntax highlighting, and provides
microcontrollers and microcontroller simple one-click mechanisms to
kits for building digital devices and compile and upload programs to an
interactive objects that can sense and Arduino board. It also contains a
control objects in the physical world. message area, a text console, a
The project's products are distributed toolbar with buttons for common
as open-source
hardware and software, which are
licensed under the GNU Lesser
General Public License (LGPL) or
the GNU General Public
License (GPL), permitting the
manufacture of Arduino boards and
software distribution by anyone.
Arduino boards are available
commercially in preassembled form,
5.2 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
A program for Arduino may be
written in any programming
language for a compiler that produces
binary machine code for the target
processor. Atmel provides a
development environment for their
microcontrollers, AVR Studio and the
newer Atmel Studio. A program written with the IDE for
The Arduino project provides Arduino is called a sketch. Sketches
the Arduino integrated development are saved on the development
computer as text files with the file
extension .ino. Arduino Software
(IDE) pre-1.0 saved sketches with the
extension .pde. The Arduino IDE
supports the
languages C and C++ using special
rules of code structuring. The Arduino
IDE supplies a software library from
the Wiring project, which provides
many common input and output
procedures.
CONCLUSION
In this project, developed an
affordable and efficient method that
can support to sort the dry and wet
garbage. In this the new innovation is
that the IOT (Internet of Things) is
used to monitor our system from
anywhere using internet of thing.
Through this system the wet and dry
garbage is separated from our houses
this is the vital role plays in this
system. Further, a wireless interface
has been provided to control the
system wirelessly and keep the cities
clean from unhygienic and hazardous
environments. The technologies
which are used in the proposed
system are good enough to ensure the
practical and perfect for solid garbage
collection process monitoring and
sorting management for green
environment.
REFERENCES
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Rahman. M. M. (2005). Solid Waste
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