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Indian Geography
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PartCHANNEL
YOUTUBE 5
Demographics
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(भारत की जनसाां ख्यिकी)
 Meaning of Demographics
• Study of Population in a region is called Demography.
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• Karx Marx is called the Father of Demographic Studies.
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• Examples ARErateSUBJECT
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(जनसं ख्या वृ द्धि दर)

• literacy rates (साक्षरता दर)

• sex ratio (ल ं ग अनु पात)

• urban-rural population ratios (शहरी-ग्रामीण जनसं ख्या अनु पात)

• mortality rate etc. (मृ त्यु दर आलद।)

 Census in India (भारत में जनगणना)
• It has been conducted by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner
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of India.
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• It comes under Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
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• All the censuses since 1951 were conducted under the 1948 Census of India
Act.

• The last census was held in 2011.

• The next will be held in 2021. It has been undertaken every 10 years.
 History of Census in India
• Earliest reference of Census in India can be obtained from Arthashastra
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written by Kautilya.

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• Ain-e-Akbari of Abul CHANNEL
Fazl also mentions about some population counting
during Mughal Period.
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• The first census in India in modern times was conducted in 1872 during period
of Lord Mayo.

• First regular census was started in 1881 by Lord Ripon. Since then, a
population census has been carried out every 10 years.

• Population Census = Union subject (69 th), seventh Schedule & article 246
 Demography of India
• India rank in Population = 2 nd after China
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• Indian Population is nearly a fifth (1/5 ) of the world's population.
th
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• India
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is projected to be the SUBJECT
world's most populous TO
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by 2024.

• 15th Indian Census = 2011

• The motto of the census 2011 was 'Our Census, Our future'.

• As per Census 2011 Indian population increased to 1.21 billion with a decadal
growth of 17.70%

• C M Chandramauli was the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of

India for the 2011 Indian Census.
 Demography of India
• Provisional data from the census was released on 31 March 2011.
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• Transgender population was counted in population census in India for first time
in 2011. YOUTUBE CHANNEL
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• As per Census 2011
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• Literacy- 74% ( Male- 82.10% , Female- 65.46%)

• Density of population – 382 per km2

• Sex ratio – 940 ( per 1000 Male)

• Child sex ratio (0–6 age group)- 914 ( per 1000 Male)
 Population distribution in India by states/UT
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Most populated States Least populated States
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Uttar Pradesh(State) Lakshadweep(UT)
Maharashtra(State) Daman and Diu(UT)
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and Nagar Haveli(UT)
West Bengal(State) Andaman and Nicobar Islands(UT)
Andhra Pradesh(State) Sikkim(State)
Madhya Pradesh(State) Chandigarh(UT)
Tamil Nadu(State) Mizoram(State)

Delhi is the most populated UT

 Population distribution in India by states/UT
• Thane with population of 1.1 Crore is the most populated district of India.
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• North Twenty Fourth YOUTUBE
Pargana in WestCHANNEL
Bengal is the second most populous
district of India with a population of 1.08 Crore.
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• With a population of 7948, Dibang Valley in Arunachal Pradesh is the
lowest populated district of India.

• Second lowest populated district of India is Anjaw which is also in

Arunachal Pradesh.
 Religious demographics
• The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the Government
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of India on 25 August 2015.
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Religion % Population
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Hinduism
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79.80%
Islam 14.23%
Christianity 2.30%
Sikhism 1.72%
Buddhism 0.70%
 Language demographics
• Hindi is the most widely spoken language in northern parts of India.
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Languages % Population

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Hindi
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57.10
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English 10.60
Bengali 8.90
Marathi 8.20
Telugu 7.20
Tamil 6.30
 Literacy
• Any one above age 7 who can read and write in any language with an
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ability to understand was considered a literate.
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• In censuses before 1991, children below the age 5 were treated as
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illiterates.

• Literacy rate 2011= 64.83 % ( male = 75.26 ,Female= 53.67)

• Literacy rate 2011 = 74.04 (Male= 82.14 , Female= 65.46)

 Literacy in States /UT
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Highest Literacy States Lowest Literacy States
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Kerala(State) Bihar(State)
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Mizoram(State) Arunachal Pradesh(State)
Tripura(State) Rajasthan(State)
Goa(State) Andhra Pradesh(State)
Daman and Diu(UT) Jharkhand(State)
Dadra and Nagar Haveli has lowest literacy rates among UT
 Sex Ratio in India
• Sex ratio is used to describe the number of females per 1000 of males.
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• Sex Ratio 2001 census = 933 CHANNEL
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• Sex Ratio 2011 census = 943
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• "Child sex ratio" is the ratio of girls to boys in the age group of 0–6 years.

• As per the census 2011, Arunachal Pradesh has the highest child sex ratio
among the Indian states.(972)

• Haryana has the lowest child sex ratio i.e.834 per thousand males.
 Sex Ratio in India
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Highest Sex ratio Lowest Sex ratio
Kerala (1084) (State) Daman and Diu(UT)
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Puducherry (1037) (UT) Dadra and Nagar Haveli(UT)
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Tamil Nadu(State) ARE SUBJECTChandigarh(UT)
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Andhra Pradesh(State) Delhi(UT)
Chhattisgarh(State) Andaman and Nicobar Islands(UT)
Meghalaya(State) Haryana (State)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands has the highest child sex ratio(968)
Delhi has the lowest child sex ratio i.e.871 per thousand males
Mahe( Puducherry) & Almora (UK) are two districts with maximum sex ratio ( 1176 &
1142)
 Population density in States/UT
• Population density of India 2011 = 382 (325 in 2011)
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Highest Population density Lowest Population density
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NCT of Delhi (UT)
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Arunachal Pradesh(State)
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Islands (UT)
Puducherry(UT) Mizoram(State)
Daman & Diu(UT) Sikkim(State)
Lakshadweep(UT) Nagaland(State)
Bihar (State) Manipur(State)
 States/UT Area wise
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Highest

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Rajasthan
Madhya Pradesh Sikkim
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Uttar Pradesh Nagaland
Gujarat Mizoram
Karnataka Manipur
Largest UT in area = Andaman and Nicobar Islands & lowest = Lakshadweep
Kacchh (Gujarat) & Leh (J & K) are two Largest Districts of India by Area.
Mahe and Central Delhi are two smallest districts of India by area
 Population Growth Rate in India
• Indian population grown at the rate of 17.69% from 2001 to 2011.
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• As per census 2011, Nagaland is the CHANNEL
only Indian state which has negative
growth rate of -0.58%
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Highest Growth rate Lowest Growth rate
Dadra and Nagar Haveli(55.50%) (UT) Nagaland (-0.6%) (States)
Daman and Diu(UT) Kerala (4.9%) (States)
Meghalaya (States) Lakshadweep(UT)
Pondicherry(UT) Andaman and Nicobar Islands(UT)
Arunachal Pradesh(States) Goa(States)
 Important Facts
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Kurung Kumey of Arunachal Pradesh registered highest population growth rate of
111.01 percent.
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• Longleng district of Nagaland registered negative population growth rate of (-)58.39.
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• Daman district has lowest sex ratio of 533 females per 1000 males.

• Serchhip district of Mizoram has highest literacy rate of 98.76 percent.

• Alirajpur of MP is the least literate district of India with figure of 37.22 percent only.

• North East Delhi has the highest density with figure of 37346 person per square
kilometer.

• Dibang Valley has the least density of 1 person per sq. km.
 Urbanisation in India
• India has 31.16 % of urban population ( Census 2011)
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• Census have given two definitions for Urban areas
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• All the places which have municipality, corporation, cantonment board or
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town area committee

• All the other places which satisfy following criteria :

• a. A minimum population of 5000 persons ;

• b. At least 75 % of male working population engaged in non-agricultural

pursuits ; and

• c. A density of population of at least 400 persons per square kilometer

 Urbanisation in India
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Most Urbanised States/UT Least Urbanised States/UT
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Delhi (UT) Himachal Pradesh(States)
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(States)
Lakshadweep (UT) Assam(States)
Daman and Diu (UT) Orissa(States)
Puducherry (UT) Meghalaya(States)
Goa(States) UP(States)
Mizoram(States) Arunachal Pradesh(States)
Dadra and Nagar Haveli- Least Urbanised UT
 Schedule Caste/Tribes Populations
• Scheduled Castes :16.2%
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• Scheduled Tribes :8.2%
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• State with highest proportion of Scheduled Castes -Punjab ( 28.9 %)

• State with lowest proportion of Scheduled Castes-Mizoram ( 0.03 %)

• UT with highest proportion of Scheduled Castes-Chandigarh (17.5%)

• UT with lowest proportion of Scheduled Castes-D & N Haveli (1.9% )

 Schedule Caste/Tribes Populations
• State with highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes-Mizoram ( 94.5 % )
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• State with lowest proportion CHANNEL
of Scheduled Tribes-Goa (0.04 %)
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• UT with highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes-Lakshadweep (94.5 %)

• UT with lowest proportion of Scheduled Tribes-A & N Islands (8.3 %)

• District with highest proportion of Scheduled Castes-Koch-Bihar (50.1%)

• District with highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes-Sarchhip, Mizoram

( 98.1%)
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