STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN REPORT

OF
STEEL STRUCTURES OF Mr.

Structure Analysis and Design by

Er. Bishnu Pandey

Structural Designer/Civil Engineer
NEC Reg. No.

1
DECLARATION OF REPORT
This report investigated the current state of design of Steel structure as per the Nepal building
code (NBC) and IS code act. The main target of the analysis and design of this building is to make
the building stable along with in care of optimization. Optimization of building is most essential
for the economic aspects of the building. According to new norms and rule, if the building area
has the area more than 1000sq.ft, structural analysis is must.

We have adopted both static and dynamic analysis and checked the stability of the frames with
optimized percentage of steel. Dynamic analysis is very important for Nepal because it falls under
most critical zone in the world, which is ZONE-V.

Hence we have adopted all parameters for both dynamic and static analysis and design
accordingly. During the construction of this steel structure, all sections should be as per design,
supervision should be adopted- If not, Structural Engineer will not be Responsible.

I, consultant/designer issuing this repudiation letter on behalf of final structural analysis and
design report for Mr. during and after construction of proposed super structure.

The site supervisions and quality test of the different constructions materials of the proposed
building do not undertaken by the consultant. Hence any failure or error occurred with the
building due to non- implementation of the recommendations made in this report and structural
drawing or due to improper construction will not be the responsibility of the consultant/designer.

The structural analysis has been completed on the assumptions that the proposed building shall be
constructed under the proper supervisions of skilled technical manpower.

The designer will not be responsible if any alterations to the structural system is made by the
client or the contractor without the prior written permission from the designer, or the alterations to
the non-structural system is made such that the weight of each individual floor or the weight of
the building

Er. Bishnu Pandey

Structural Designer/Civil Engineer
NEC Reg. No.

2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SN. Title
BackgroundWith Suggestions Based on Lesson
1 Learnt from Recent EQs In Nepal 12th Baishakh2072

2 Salient features of Building

3 Method of Analysis & Design

4 Loading Details/Types of Loads

5 Loading on Structural Model

6 Assumptions

7 Load Combinations

8 Determination of Seismic Load as per NBC

9 Summary of Final Design Outputs

10 Analysis Outputs

11 References

3
1. BACKGROUND

Earthquakes are defined as earth’s surface vibrations caused by waves originating from a source
of disturbance in the earth mass. Earthquake is caused by volcanic eruption, slipping of faults i.e.
tectonic activities, big reservoirs, explosion etc.
In case of Nepal, slipping of faults i.e. tectonic activities cause earthquake because there are
number of active faults and thrusts in Nepal. Nepal’s geology is very young and hazardous. Also
it lies in the boundary of two seismically very active tectonic plates of the world i.e. Indian plate
and Tibetan Plate. It is also said that the Indian plate is moving toward the Tibetan Plate, which
cause the slippage of the faults causing the big earthquake. Thus Nepal is very vulnerable with
respect to seismic activities.
Though the time of shaking of earth mass is very small in fraction of seconds, it causes very
severe damages of properties as well as the lives. Nepal has so many experiences about such
destructive earthquakes. Out of them 1990 B.S and 2045 B.S& THE RECENT EQs in 12 th
BAISHAKH 2072 are the Mostly known ones.
Thus, the seismic structural design of structures id found to be very essential for countries like
Nepal. The structures need to be designed and detailed so as to counteract; the internal forces
induced due to the earth mass shaking in base of these structures. The design should ensure the
structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic safety.
However, it would not be economically feasible to design the building so as to ensure that they
remain elastic and damage-free because the occurrence of maximum earthquakes is low say one
75 years. Thus, it is reliable to design the ductile structure and not to design damage free structure
but not-collapsible structure for minimum destruction in lives and properties. The design should
ensure the structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic
safety. In brief, the aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures
being designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree
of safety, they should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and
have adequate durability and adequate resistance to the effects of misuse and fire. Structural
Analysis of the concerned building has been done in details with analysis and Designs

Thus, the seismic design of the building is done and the brief has been prepared.

This report summarizes the structural analysis and design of Entrance and Exit gate for
OFFICE OF PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT” at Butwal Sub
Metropolitan city. It has planned to utilize the building as a commercial aspect. The analysis and
design has been based on the prevailing codes that are in practice in Nepal, the Indian code of
practice (1893:2002). This report consists of the design procedures adopted, the assumptions
made, the inputs made in the design and the design output.
As per IS1893:2002, the seismic zoning divided into four seismic. Z is the seismic zoning factor
that divides the country into fives zones for the purpose of seismic design of buildings with the
values ranging from 0.11 to 0.36. The assessed buildings are located in the seismic zoning factor,
Z of 0.36 (since western Region). Hence the building is designed with great consideration towards
earthquake resistant practices.

4
SUGGESTIONS:
Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Nepal, for the first time, have been subjected to a strong
ground motion shaking during BARPAK Earthquake (7.6 Magnitude, Local scale) in
12thBAISHAKH 2072 at 11.56 AM, resulting in a considerable damages of RC Buildings in
Capital city Kathmandu. It has been observed the the principle reasons of failure are due to
SOFT STOREYS, FLOATIONF COLUMNS, MASS IRREGULARITIES, POOR
QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTIONS MATERIALS & FAULTY CONSTRUCTIONS
PRACTICES, INCONSISENT EQ RESPONSE, SOIL & FOUNDATION EFFECT &
POUNDING OF ADJACENT STRUCTURES.
The Lesson learnt from Damages of RCC Buildings during Recent EQs occurred in 12 th
BAISHAKH 2072, that There should be greater emphasis on the quality of constructions &
importance of Ductile Detailings of BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS & AT OTHER CRITICAL
LOCATIONS OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS, therefore as being the Designer it is
suggested that the proposed building should be constructed under the proper supervisions
of skilled technical person(Engineer or Senior Sub Engineer)

2. SALIENT FEATURES OF STEEL

Name of client:
Building type Steel structure
Geometry symmetrical
Location Rupandehi
Structural System Frame
Main Column : ISNB100H (Inner), ISNB90M (Outer)
Main Truss : Main Central Strut ISB91.5X91.5X5.4, Truss and Truss Strut
: ISB50X25X3.2, Top Chord Rectangle Tube 80X40X3, Bottom Chord
ISB91.5X91.5X5.4, Purline ISB 49.5X49.5X4.5, Truss Side Bracing ISB
49.5X49.5X4.5, Central Truss Bracing ISB 49.5X49.5X4.5, Column Side
bracing ISB 49.5X49.5X4.5 (Bottom part), Column Side bracing ISB
49.5X49.5X4.5 (Top part)
Type of foundation Isolated footing

Total height 27 feet (excluding truss height) + 6 feet truss height

Type of sub-soil II (Medium type as per NBC 105)

Bearing Capacity of soil adopted = as per site condition to be adopted as per Building By
Laws 2072
(Specified in National Building By Laws 2072)

5
(As per Side condition of soil as obtained from 1.5 m depth excavation of foundation soil
such that the soil is visualized inspection as gravel mixed soil & NO CHANGE IN THE
SOIL STRATA as found.)
3. METHOD OF ANALYSIS & DESIGN
The analysis has been carried out with the most popular and reliable structural analysis software
“ETABS. V 16”All the models are built up in 3-Dimensions and actual 3-D analysis is performed
based on Finite Element Method. Modulus of elasticity and poison’s ratio for the materials used
are taken accordingly. Beams and columns are modeled as frame (line) elements with sufficient
and appropriate meshing. The section properties used are based on preliminary section sizing with
consideration for deflection, minimum sizing specified and serviceability.
3.1 Reinforced concrete design
The following materials are adopted for the design of the elements:
1. Concrete Grade: M20 for all structural concrete including foundation concrete
2. Reinforcement Steel – Fe500 (specification: Min. elongation = 18% & The ratio ultimate
strength to yield strength = 1.25). For this the reinforcement bars should be tested for
tensile strength test.
The aim of structural design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being
design will perform satisfactorily during their intended life with an appropriate degree of safety,
they should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and have
adequate durability and adequate resistance to the effect of misuse and fire.
Therefore, Limit state method is used for the design of Steel Structural element. The design is
based on IS: 800, SP16, IS: 1893-2002,

4. LOADING DETAILS/TYPES OF LAODS

a. Dead Load: The Dead load comprises the loads due to the materials used in the
construction and parts or components in a building. It consists of the loads due to structural
elements like beam, column, wall; finishes applied in the building and some permanent structures
like water tanks etc.

Assessment of unit Dead loads

Cement concrete : 25 KN/m3
Brick work with plaster : 20 KN/m3
Floor finish : 24 KN/m3

b. Imposed Load: The imposed load comprises the loads due to the physical contribution of
people and the loads due to the nature of occupancy, the furniture and other equipments which are
a part of the character of the occupancy. The imposed loads on the structural system are based on
the codal provisions as specified in IS 875(part2)-1987.

c. Earthquake loads:Lateral Load Calculation: According to NBC105:1994 & IS 1823-2002,

Butwal lies on the zone 0.36, V. Hence, the effect of the earthquake is predominant than the wind
load. So, the frame is analyzed for the EQ as lateral load..

6
The Earthquake load has been calculated in accordance with IS 1893 2002 .Two directional (both
+ve and –ve) seismic force has been considered for analysis. For this loading seismic weight is
considered as the total dead load plus approximate amount of specified imposed load. While
computing the seismic weight of each floor, the weight of columns and walls in any story shall be
equally distributed to the floors above and below the story. The seismic weight of the whole
building is the sum of the seismic weights of all the floors. For calculating the Earthquake loads,
no live load is considered for roof and for all other floors live load is considered only 25 % of
floor area .The wind load for purlin and truss design has been calculated as 875 : Part 3.
d. Wind load: Wind load is calculated as per IS : 875 (Part 3) – 1987. The basic wind speed
for the location of the building is found to be 47 m/s from the code, in passing [8]. The wind load
over the roof can be provided as uniformly distributed load acting outward over the PEB rafter, as
in [10], and as point loads acting outward over the CSB panel points. For side walls, the wind
load is not consider since earthquake load is prominent than wind load.. The wind loads over the
roof and side walls comes in two different combinations as in Table 2.

WL Wind 90° incidence(KN/m) Wind 0° incidence(KN/m)

Load Cases considered:

 Self-Weights
 LL Roof= as per IS 875
 EQ(+X, -X direction)
 EQ(+Y, -Y direction)
 Crane load
 Wind load

6. ASSUMPTIONS
The following assumptions are taken into consideration in the seismic resistant analysis and
design of structures:
 Adequate supervision and quality systems are provided during execution of the works.
 Construction is carried out by personnel having the appropriate skill and experience.
 Construction materials and products confirm to the pertinent codes and specifications.
 The structure is adequately maintained.
 The structure is used in accordance with the design brief.
 An earthquake is not likely to occur simultaneously with maximum flood, wind, waves or
tides.
 Resonance as visualized under steady state sinusoidal excitation will not occur, as the
small duration of earthquake is not enough to build up resonance amplitudes. Subsoil does
not considerably settle or slide due to earthquake at the site of structure.

7
 7. LOAD COMBINATIONS

The load combinations are based on IS800, for Limit state design method. The following load
combinations are used during analysis:

COMBO 1 : 1.5DL + 1.5LL

COMBO 2 : 1.2 DL + 1.2LL + 0.6EL (+X, -X)
COMBO 3 : 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2EL (+Y, -Y)
COMBO 4 : 1.5DL + 1.5WL

Where:
DL : Dead Load
LL : Live Load
EL : Earthquake Load
WL : Wind load

Design of Structural Members

All Steel structural members have been designed for the critical values as obtained from above
load combinations. The working stress method for steel structure and limit state method has been
adopted for foundation designing structural members referring SP – 16, SP-34, IS 456- 2000 &
IS 13920 – 1993, IS 800-2000.

Foundation design is carried out to satisfy strength and stability requirements.

SINCE CENTRALLY LOCATED ISOLATED FOOTINGare designed.(Refer detailed str.
Drwg.)
Storey Drift ratio for all storied are checked as defined in clause 7.11.2, IS 1893-2002.It is found
that storey drift ratio for all stories are within permissible limit 0.004. OK.

SUMMARY OF FINAL DESIGN OUTPUTS

8.1 SECTION OF TRUSS

Truss Members Main Central Strut ISB91.5X91.5X5.4, Truss
and Truss Strut ISB 49.5X49.5X4.5, Top
Chord Rectangle Tube 80X40X3, Bottom
Chord ISB91.5X91.5X5.4, Truss Side Bracing

8
 ISB 49.5X49.5X4.5, Central Truss Bracing
ISB 49.5X49.5X4.5, Column Side bracing
ISB 49.5X49.5X4.5 (Bottom part), Column
Side bracing ISB 49.5X49.5X4.5 (Top part)
Purlins Purline ISB 49.5X49.5X4.5

8.2 SECTION OF COLUMN

Main Column
ISNB100H (Inner), ISNB90M (Outer)

Tie beam
300 mm X 300

8.3 SECTION OF FOOTING AND REINFORCEMENT DETAIL

Footing Size Re-bar X Re-bar Y D(mm)
type
F1 1.5X1.5 m @150 mm c/c @150 mm c/c 300

 RCC column below ground 500X800 ( 8-16#+4-12# mm dia. bar)for Column

 All truss member is detailed above
 Type of foundation: CENTRALLY LOCATED ISOLATED FOOTING
 Total height including truss 18 feet
 All size of footing as 1.5 x1.5 with 12 mm dia bar 150mm c/c in both direction and
RCC mm. For detail ref. str. Drawing
 The column section should be properly connected to top of RCC footing by 20mm
base plate for column with 4 no. of anchored M20 high friction grip of length 200
mm at least.
 Base plate and column is so connected by 10mm thick fillet welding. For detail
connection ref. str. Drawing
 For TRUSS and column connection should be provided both welding and bolting
concept and Should be connected with at least 10mm bearing plate. The size of fillet
weld should be no less than 5 mm .
 Column and truss should be connected with 4-12M bolt and bearing plate thickness
6mm
.

9
8. ANALYSIS INPUTS/ OUTPUTS

3D Model

10
11
12
Frame :Footing Joint reaction

13
14
DESIGN MEMBER PM-Ratio

Shear Force diagram

15
 Bending Moment Diagram

COLUMN BASE PLATE DESIGN

16
Current Date: 11/14/2019 3:37 PM
Units system: SI
File name:
Steel connections
Results
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Connection name : Pinned BP IS

Connection ID : 1
_________________________________________________________________________________

Family: Column - Base (CB)

Type: Base plate
Description: Example
Design code: IS 800 : 2007

DEMANDS
Description Pu Mu22 Mu33 Vu2 Vu3
[KN] [KN*m] [KN*m] [KN] [KN]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CM -74 3.91 20.00 2.04 15.52
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Design for major axis

Base plate (IS 800 : 2007)
Dimensions
Dimensions Unit Value Min. value Max. value Sta.
References

17
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Base plate
Longitudinal dimension [mm] 300.00 133.00 --
Transversal dimension [mm] 800.00 133.00 --
Distance from fasteners to edge [mm] 50.00 36.00 -- Cl.
10.2.4.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ratio 1.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DESIGN CHECK
Verification Unit Capacity Demand Ctrl EQ Ratio
References
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Concrete base
Concrete base bearing [KN/mm2] 0.01 0.01 CM 1.00 IS 456 Cl.
34.4;
Base plate
Yielding at bearing interface [KN*m/m] 25.45 25.22 CM 0.99 Cl. 7.4.3.1
Yielding at tension interface [KN*m/m] 25.45 6.61 CM 0.26 Cl. 7.4.3.1
Shear key
Bearing resistance [KN] 14.87 2.04 CM 0.14 IS 456 Cl.
34.4
Top flange resistance [KN] 663.00 2.61 CM 0.00 [1]
Bottom flange resistance [KN] 663.00 2.61 CM 0.00 [1]
Shear resitance [KN] 765.57 2.04 CM 0.00 Cl. 8.4.1,
Cl. 8.4
Tension weld resistance [KN/mm2] 0.23 0.00 CM 0.00 Cl.
10.5.7.1.1
Shear weld resistance [KN/mm2] 0.23 0.12 CM 0.53 Cl.
10.5.7.1.1
Column
Weld resistance [KN/m] 1325.60 80.94 CM 0.06 Cl.
10.5.7.1.1

Major axis
Fasteners
Dimensions
Dimensions Unit Value Min. value Max. value Sta.
References
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fasteners
Spacing [mm] 400.00 96.00 -- [EC2-4]
Sec. 7.2.2.5
Concrete cover [mm] 38.00 35.00 -- [EC2-1]
Table 4.4N
Effective length [mm] 400.00 -- 384.40
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DESIGN CHECK
Verification Unit Capacity Demand Ctrl EQ Ratio
References
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Steel failure of fastener in tension [KN] 238.81 10.28 CM 0.04 [3],
[EC2-4]
Table 7.1
Pull-out failure of single fastener [KN] 79.17 10.28 CM 0.13 [EC2-4]
Table 7.1
Concrete cone failure of single fastener [KN] 44.53 10.28 CM 0.23 [EC2-4]
Eq. 7.13,
[EC2-4]
Table 7.1

18
 Concrete cone failure of group of fasteners [KN] 55.59 22.51 CM 0.40 [EC2-4]
Eq. 7.13,
[EC2-4]
Table 7.1
Blow-out failure of single fastener [KN] 20.68 10.28 CM 0.50 [EC2-4]
Eq. 7.12
Blow-out failure of group of fasteners [KN] 36.76 10.28 CM 0.28 [EC2-4]
Eq. 7.12
Steel failure of fastener in shear [KN] 119.40 0.00 CM 0.00 [EC2-4]
Sec. 7.2.2.3.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ratio 0.50
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Global critical strength ratio 1.00

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Major axis
Maximum compression and tension (CM)

-------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum bearing pressure 10.40 [N/mm2]
Minimum bearing pressure 10.40 [N/mm2]
Maximum anchor tension 10.28 [KN]
Minimum anchor tension 0.98 [KN]
Neutral axis angle 0.00
Bearing length 7.95 [mm]
-------------------------------------------------------------------

19
Anchors tensions
Anchor Transverse Longitudinal Shear Tension
[mm] [mm] [KN] [KN]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 -350.00 -200.00 0.51 0.98
2 -350.00 200.00 0.51 10.28
3 350.00 200.00 0.51 10.28
4 350.00 -200.00 0.51 0.98
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Major axis
Results for tensile breakout (CM)

Group Area Tension Fasteners

[mm2] [KN]
-----------------------------------------------------------
1 400000.00 22.51 1, 2, 3, 4
-----------------------------------------------------------

REFERENCES
[1] Bhavikatti, S.S. (2014). Design of Steel Structures by Limit State Method as Per IS: 800-2007. New Delhi: I.K. International
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
[EC2-4] EN 1992-4 (2013) Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 4: Design of fastenings for use in concrete.
[EC2-1] EN 1992-1-1 (2004) Eurocode 2. Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
[3] International Federation for Structural Concrete (2011). Design of Anchorages in Concrete. CEP-FIP. Lousanne, Switzerland.

The site supervisions & quality test of the different constructions materials of
the proposed building do not undertaken by the structural engineer(herein the
Designer). Hence any failure or error occurred with the building due to the non
– implementation of the recommendations made in this report and structural
drwg. Or due to improper construction will not be the responsibility of the
Structural Engineer.
The structural analysis has been completed on the assumptions that the
proposed building shall be constructed under the proper supervisions of skilled
technical person.

20
Also the structural engineer will not responsible for sub soil explorations at the
site. The foundation design has been completed only based on the condition of
soil strata upto one metre depth at the site of the concerned building.

REFERENCES

1) Jain, A.K- R.C.CLimitState Design, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 1990
2) Shah & Kale- R.C.C Design, Macmillan India Limited
3) Ashok k. Jain- Advanced Structural Analysis, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 1990
4) S.S. Bhavikati-Structural Analysis- II, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
5) V.N. Vazirani- Analysis of Structures-II, Khanna Publishers
6) S. Ramamrutham-Theory of Structures, DhanpatRai Publishing Company

Codes
1) I.S. 456-2000 -Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
2) I S. 456-1978 -Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete ( S.P.-16 )
3) S.P.34-1987 - Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
4) I S 1893-2003 -Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design Structure
5) NBC 105:1994, Seismic Design of Building in Nepal
6) NBC 1994 FOR Ductile Detailing for RCC Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces
7) I S 13920-1993 -Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to
Seismic forces
8) I S 875-1987 -Code of practice for Design Loads for Buildings and Structures
Part 1- Dead Loads
Part 2- Imposed Loads
Part 3-Wind load

21
 Annex:

Isolated Footing

1 Footing Size Design

Load Pu 124 KN
Design Load P 63 KN

Moment in x dir Mux 5 KN-m

Moment in y dir Muy 8 KN-m

Column size cx 200 mm

cy 200 mm

SBC q 150 KN/sqm

Footing Size required A req 1.58 Sqm

L 1.5 meters
Footing Size Provided
B 1.5 meters
Area Provided A prvd 2.25 meters

Zx 0.29
Zx 0.29

Net upward pressure Nup 77 KNm2

Footing Size OK

2 Slab Design
lx 0.400
ly 0.450

Bending Moment in x dir Mx 9 KN-m

Bending Moment in y dir My 12 KN-m

Concrete fck 20 MPa

Steel fy 500 MPa

22
 Minimum Depth Required dmin 66

Depth Provided D 300 mm

Clear Cover c 50 mm
Effective Cover d' 56 mm
Effective Depth d' 244 mm

Spacing c/c in mm
Area of Steel
12# 16# 20#
293 sqmm 386 c/c 687 c/c 1073 c/c
293 sqmm 386 c/c 687 c/c 1073 c/c
Minimum Ast required across x direcion
Minimum Ast required across y direcion

@ 150 mm
Ast across x direction 12 mm dia 754 sqmm
c/c
@ 150 mm
Ast across y direction 12 mm dia 754 sqmm
c/c

3 One Way Shear along x direction

Vu1 22 KN
ζv 0.074 MPa

ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 76 KN

One Way Shear Check OK

4 One Way Shear along y direction

Vu1 29 KN
ζv 0.098 MPa

ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 76 KN

One Way Shear Check OK

5 Two Way Shear

Vu2 126 KN
ζv 0.218 MPa

ks*ζc 1.118 MPa

Vc1 648 KN

Two Way Shear Check

23
OK

24