JUGEDI KHOLA BRIDGE

Uncracked tensile stress sback N/mm2 3.24 N/mm2 > 2.50

test: crack/uncracked. Section is Cracked
Stirrup bar Φ 0.00 mm
Area of prestressing cable Ap 0.00 mm2
Main bar Φ 32.00 mm
Bottom clear cover, c 75.00 mm
Bottom cover to bar Cb 75.00 mm
Thickness of crack hc,eff mm 307.50 mm
2
Area of crack Ac,eff 307500 mm
2
Reinforcement raio rp,eff = (As + b Ap)/Ac,eff 0.0476 Coefficients for crack width check
Crack spacing Sr,max = k3Cb +k1k2k4f/rc,eff 369.40 mm k1 0.80 for deformed bar Clause 12.3.4
2
Stress in steel level by moment ss 104.793 N/mm k2 0.50 for bending bar Clause 12.3.4
(esm - ecm)min = 0.6ss/Es 0.00031 mm k3 3.40 Clause 12.3.4
esm - ecm = [ss - ktfct,eff/rp,eff(1+aer p,eff)]/Es 0.0003 mm k4 0.425 Clause 12.3.4
esm - ecm = Max[(esm - ecm)min,(esm - ecm)] 0.00031 mm kt 0.50 Clause 12.3.4
Crackwidth Wk = Sr,max(esm - ecm), mm 0.116 < 0.300 OK
Design of Back Wall: Seismic Load Analysis
Load (kN)
Lever Arm Moment Load (kN) Lever Arm Moment
Details hor. and
(m) (kNm) Horizontal (m) (kNm)
ver.
Hor. Earth pressure , S 325.47 1.38 448.36 325.47 1.38 448.36
Hor. Earth pressure, D 0.00 0.00 0.00 226.31 1.64 371.15
Hor. Surcharge 238.15 1.64 390.56 238.15 1.64 390.56
Ver. Self Weight 388.30 0.00 0.00 46.94 1.765 82.85
Ver. Pedestrian load 283.32 0.00 0.00 34.25 3.53 120.91
Ver. Vehicle load 114.00 0.00 0.00 13.78 3.53 48.65
Total 838.93 884.90 1462.49
LOAD SUMMARY: Governing Load case is Seismic Load combination
Descriptions Unfactored Structural strength Serviceability
Unfactored Quasi-
Unfactored Basic Seismic Rare
Cases without prmanent
Seismic Comb. Comb. comb.
Seismic comb
Vertical load (kN) 785.62 785.62 1120.19 524.21 785.62 388.30
Horizontal Load (kN) 563.62 884.90 773.98 481.73 515.99 372.41
Moment (kN-m) 838.93 1462.49 1141.22 1276.24 760.81 448.36
Design moment 116.02 kNm
Required Back wall depth 152.72 mm
Cover 75.00 mm
Dia of bar used 12.00 mm
Depth provided, d mm 319.00 > 152.72 OK
Neutral axis depth, xu = [1/(2b2)-{1/(2b2)2-
2 0.5 35.139 mm
MEd/(b1b2fcd*b*d )} ]d
Neutral Axis Depth Ratio, xu/d 0.1102
Lever arm factor, j = (1 - b2*xu/d) 0.9542
st 2
I M: A st = M Ed /(f yd jd) 876.69 mm
IInd M: MEd = fyd*Ast*d*(1 - b2*fyd*Ast/b1fcd*b*d), Ast 876.69 mm2
Minimum required As,min1 = 0.0013btd 414.70 mm2
2
Minimum required As,min2 = 0.26fctm/fykbtd 414.80 mm
Minimum required As,min = Max(As,min1,As,min2) 414.80 mm2

155
 JUGEDI KHOLA BRIDGE

Reinforcement required bar Φ 12 mm @ 129.00 mm c/c, Steel Area 876.69 mm2

2
Reinforcement provided bar Φ 12 mm @ 125.00 mm c/c, Steel Area 904.78 mm
2
Compression side reinforcement 0.1200 % of Ac 480.00 mm
Reinforcement rqd Φ 10 mm @ 163.62 mm c/c, Steel Area 480.00 mm2
2
Reinforcement provided Φ 10 mm @ 150.00 mm c/c, Steel Area 523.60 mm
Distribution bar max(25As/Ac,0.1)/2 0.050 % of Ac 200.00 mm2
Reinforcement provided bar Φ 8 mm @ 250.00 mm c/c, Steel Area 201.06 mm2
Transeverse reinforcement
2
As (Ast + Asc)provided mm 1428.4 < 0.02Ac = 30515.7 vertical bars should not be enclosed by stirrups
Shear Stress Check:
Horizontal force V 70.36 KN/m width
Axial force P 13.88 KN/m width
Design shear stress / m width, VEd 0.221 N/mm2
Axial compressive stress scp 0.035 N/mm2
reinforcement ratio, r1 =Ast/bwd 0.02575 <= 0.02
K = 1 + (200/d) <= 2.0 1.792 <= 2.0
nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 0.407 N/mm
2

tRdc1 = 0.12K(80s1fck)1/3 + 0.15scp 0.844 N/mm2

tRdc = Max(nmin,tRdc) N/mm2 0.844 > 0.221 Stirrups not needed
Shear Resistance VRdc = tRdcbwd KN 269.14 > 70.36 Stirrups not needed
Check for shear at the top of the Abutment Stem
Factored Horizontal force due to
Temperature 14.142 kN/m width
Braking 30.218 kN/m width
Horizontal force V 44.360 kN/m width
Axial force V 71.420 kN/m width
Effective depth provided, d 1109 mm
Design shear stress / m width, VEd 0.040 N/mm2
Axial compressive stress scp 0.060 N/mm2
reinforcement ratio, r1 =Ast/bwd 0.00967 <= 0.02
K = 1 + (200/d) <= 2.0 1.425 <= 2.0
nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 0.289 N/mm2
tRdc1 = 0.12K(80s1fck)1/3 + 0.15scp 0.491 N/mm2
tRdc = Max(nmin,tRdc) N/mm2 0.491 > 0.040 Stirrups not needed
Shear Resistance VRdc = tRdcbwd KN 545.05 > 44.36 Stirrups not needed
Codal Provsion for cap reinforcement
Providing minimum area of steel @ 1% assuming cap thickness 225 mm, area of steel required /m
of cap = 2250 mm2 (for both top and bottom layer). As per IRC:78-2014, Clause 710.8.7
reinforcement provided bar Φ 16.00 mm @ 175.00 mm c/c, steel area 1148.93 mm2
at both top and bottom layers in both ways, giving area of steel, A st 2297.85 mm2
As per IRC:78-2014, Clause 710.10.4 the two layers of mesh reinforcement, one at 20 mm from
top and the other at 100 mm from top of pedestal or abutment cap each consisting of
8 mm φ bars @ 100 mm c/c in both directions, shall be provided directly under the bearings.
Abutment Cap Design when cap cantilevering is not significant: Significancy: Insignificant
Vertical Load:
Main Bar Φ 16 mm
Clear cover 40 mm
Main bar Φ spacing 175 mm C/C

156
 JUGEDI KHOLA BRIDGE

Cap depth 575 mm

Self weight of cantilevered Cap 21.27 kN
Superstructure DL on Cap 5045.94 kN
Superstructure PL on cap 283.32 kN
Superstructure VL load Cap 0.00 kN
% tensile steel area, pt 0.218 %
Factored load over Abutment cap 7265.71 kN
Abutment Cap Design when cap cantilevering is significant: Significancy: Insignificant and NA
Main Bar Φ 16 mm
Main bar Φ spacing 100000 mm C/C
% load in cantilever portion 0.000 %
factored load in cantilever portion 0.000 kN
Eeffective depth adopted, d 527.000 mm
Shear Stress Check:
Horizontal force with FOS 0.00 kN Simply supported assumed, FOS 1.500
2
Design shear stress / m width, VEd 0.0000 N/mm Note: Approximate Method of analysis
2
Axial compressive stress scp 0.000 N/mm
reinforcement ratio, r1 =Ast/bwd 0.00000 <= 0.02
K = 1 + (200/d) <= 2.0 1.616 <= 2.0
nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 0.349 N/mm2
tRdc1 = 0.12K(80s1fck)1/3 + 0.15scp 0.041 N/mm2
tRdc = Max(nmin,tRdc) N/mm2 0.349 > 0.000 Stirrups not needed
Shear Resistance VRdc = tRdcbwd KN 183.8 > 0.000 Stirrups not needed
Check for bearing stresses
The allowable bearing pressure with nearly uniform distribution on the loaded area of a footing
or base under a bearing or column shall be given by following equation,
Partial safety factor for concrete, gc 1.5
Characteristics strength fck 30.0 Nmm2
Pedestal height, h 0.150 m
Superstructure DL on bearing 3111.57 kN
Superstructure PL load on bearing 141.66 kN
Superstructure VL on bearing 0.00 kN
Total vertical load on bearing 4879.8 kN
Design strength of pedestal fcd = fck/gc 20.00 Nmm2
Load width b1 0.850 m
Loaded width d1 0.650 m
Load distribution b2 1.150 m < 2.55 3b1
Load distribution d2 0.950 m < 1.95 3d1
b2 - b 1 0.300 m > 0.15
d2 - d 1 0.300 m > 0.15
Loaded area Aco 0.5525 mm2
Load dispersed area Acl 1.0925 mm2
2
Ratio of areas Acl/Aco 1.98 mm < 9.00
Maximum permissible load FRdu,max = 3Acofcd 33150.0 kN
Pedestal capacity FRdu1 = Acofcd(Acl/Aco) 15538.4 kN < 33150.0 3Acofcd
Permissible load FRdu = Min(FRdu,FRdu,max) 15538.4 kN > 4879.84 OK
Design of Aproach Slab
The approach slab is resting over the abutment and the other end supported by the soil underneath.

157
 JUGEDI KHOLA BRIDGE

It should be designed on the basis of elastic base theory, which is complicated. Hence the
dimensions and reinforcement is provided as per the standard design practice.
Thickness of slab t 0.25 mm
Length of slab L 3.5 m
Thickness of surface finish 0.080 m
Self weight of slab /m width 6.25 kN/m
Weight of pavement 1.76 kN/m
Total udl 8.01 kN/m
Number of lane 2 Nos
Maximum live load of one wheel 114 KN @ 1.2 m C/C Two such loads.
Wheel length 0.250 m Wheel width 0.500 m
Assumed simply supported span, L/3 1.2000 m C/C assumed simply supported as consevative
Factored longitudinal moment 53.46 kNm/m Simply supported assumed FOS 1.500
Effective depth of slab drequired 103.67 mm Note: Approximate Method of analysis
Effective depth dprovided 202.00 mm
Area of steel required 642.84 mm2
Minimum required As,min1 = 0.0013btd 262.60 mm2
Minimum required As,min2 = 0.26fctm/fykbtd 262.66 mm2
Minimum required As,min = Max(As,min1,As,min2) 262.66 mm2
Reinforcement required bar Φ 16 mm @ 312.77 mm c/c, Ast 642.84 mm2
Reinforcement provided bar Φ 16 mm @ 200.00 mm c/c, Ast 1005.31 mm2
Shear Stress Check:
Horizontal force with FOS 22.75 kN Simply supported assumed, FOS 1.500
2
Design shear stress / m width, VEd 0.113 N/mm Note: Approximate Method of analysis
Axial compressive stress scp 0.000 N/mm2
reinforcement ratio, r1 =Ast/bwd 0.00498 <= 0.02
K = 1 + (200/d) <= 2.0 1.995 <= 2.0
nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 0.478 N/mm2
tRdc1 = 0.12K(80s1fck)1/3 + 0.15scp 0.543 N/mm2
tRdc = Max(nmin,tRdc) N/mm2 0.543 > 0.113 Stirrups not needed
Shear Resistance VRdc = tRdcbwd KN 109.63 > 22.75 Stirrups not needed
Design of RCC Stoppers:
Base width or thk of stopper, b1 0.50 m
Top width or thk of stopper, b2 0.30 m
Height above abutment cap, h1 0.50 m
Length of stopper, l 0.750 m
No. of bearing Stopper 2.0 nos.
vertical load above abutment cap 5455.04 kN
Factored Horizontal force on stopper 545.50 kN @ 10% of vertical load above abutment cap
For additional factor of safety, assuming an extra lateral force in excess of frictional
Clear cover to reinforcement 40 mm
Factored resistance in worst case, Fs 409.13 kN frictional coefficient for worst case mR 0.075
Difference in Load 136.38 kN
Factored Moment at base of stopper 52.50 kNm
Effective depth required dreq 118.63 < 454.00 OK
Area of steel required, Ast 269.55 mm2
Minimum required As,min1 = 0.0013btd 442.65 mm2
Minimum required As,min2 = 0.26fctm/fykbtd 442.76 mm2

158
 JUGEDI KHOLA BRIDGE

Minimum required As,min = Max(As,min1,As,min2) 442.76 mm2

Reinforcement required bar Φ 12 mm @ 191.58 mm c/c, Steel Area 442.76 mm2
Reinforcement provided bar Φ 12 mm @ 150.00 mm c/c, Steel Area 565.49 mm2
Shear Stress Check:
Horizontal force with FOS 136.38 kN
Design shear stress / m width, VEd 0.401 N/mm2
Axial compressive stress scp 0.000 N/mm2
reinforcement ratio, r1 =Ast/bwd 0.00125 <= 0.02
K = 1 + (200/d) <= 2.0 1.664 <= 2.00
nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 0.364 N/mm
2

tRdc1 = 0.12K(80s1fck)1/3 + 0.15scp 0.287 N/mm

2

tRdc = Max(nmin,tRdc) N/mm2 0.364 < 0.401 Provide Stirrups

Shear Resistance VRdc = tRdcbwd KN 124.07 < 136.38 Provide Stirrups
Design of Return Wall or Wing Wall
Return wall will be monolithic with the backwall joined together through 30 cm x 30 cm fillets.
The load acting on the wing walls would be earth pressure and is designed to withstand a live load
equivalent to surcharge 1.200 m height of earth fill according to IRC:78-2000.
h1 2.25 m b1 3.50 m
h2 1.00 m bar Φ 12.00 mm
Wall Thk., t 250.00 mm clear cover 40.00 mm
h4 0.50 m h3 3.53 m
Average earth pressure, 0.5gsx(h1/2+h2/2+1.2)2xtan2(45o-φ/2) 24.521 kN/m width
Act from wing wall bottom 1.17 m
Factored Moment by earth pressure 42.91 kNm/m width
Depth required, mm 92.88 < 204.0
Effective depth provided 204.00 mm
Area of steel required 504.623 mm2
Minimum required As,min1 = 0.0013btd 265.20 mm2
Minimum required As,min2 = 0.26fctm/fykbtd 265.27 mm2
2
Minimum required As,min = Max(As,min1,As,min2) 265.27 mm
Reinforcement required bar Φ 12 mm @ 224.12mm c/c, Steel Area 504.62 mm2
Reinforcement provided bar Φ 12 mm @ 200.00mm c/c, Steel Area 565.49 mm2
2
Distribution steel required 0.13/2 % 132.6 mm
Reinforcement provided bar Φ 10 mm @ 200.00 mm c/c, steel area 392.70 mm2 as distribution bar
vertical direction. In the fillet at the joint provide nominal reinforcement of 10 mm φ bars
@ 200 mm c/c. The wing wall would be properly anchored to the abutment, backwall and cap.
Shear Stress Check:
Horizontal force with FOS 36.78 KN
Design shear stress / m width, VEd 0.180 N/mm2
2
Axial compressive stress scp 0.000 N/mm
reinforcement ratio, r1 =Ast/bwd 0.00277 <= 0.02
K = 1 + (200/d) <= 2.0 1.990 <= 2.0
nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 0.477 N/mm
2

tRdc1 = 0.12K(80s1fck)1/3 + 0.15scp 0.446 N/mm2

tRdc = Max(nmin,tRdc) N/mm2 0.477 > 0.180 Stirrups not needed
Shear Resistance VRdc = tRdcbwd KN 97.25 > 36.78 Stirrups not needed
Design of Base Slab
Foundation projection behind abutment stem 0.500 m

159