Aliphatic compound and their uses .

In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons(compounds composedof carbon and hydrogen) are

divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds also known as
non-aromatic compounds. Aliphatics can be cyclic, but if a unique type of especially
stable cyclic bond exists in the molecule, called a benzene ring, then it is considered to be
an aromatic compound.[1]Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, like hexane, or
unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds (whether straight or
jbranched) contain no rings of any type, and are thus aliphatic.

The most important aliphatic compounds are:

 -alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons)

 -alkenes and -alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons).
Important examples of low-molecular aliphatic compounds can be found in the list below

Formula Name Structural Formula Chemical Classification

CH4 Methane Alkane

C2H2 Acetylene Alkyne

C2H4 Ethylene Alkene

C2H6 Ethane Alkane

C3H4 Propyne Alkyne

C6H10 Cyclohexene Cycloalkene

C7H14 Cycloheptane Cycloalkane

Uses of Methane :

Methane is used in industrial chemical processes and may be transported as a refrigerated

liquid (liquefied natural gas, or LNG). While leaks from a refrigerated liquid container are
initially heavier than air due to the increased density of the cold gas, the gas at ambient
temperature is lighter than air. Gas pipelines distribute large amounts of natural gas, of
which methane is the principal component.

Methane is used as a fuel for ovens, homes, water heaters, kilns, automobiles, turbines,
and other things. Activated carbon is used to store methane. Liquid methane is also used
as a rocket fuel when combined with liquid oxygen, as in the BE-4 and Raptorengines.
As the major constituent of natural gas, methane is important for electricity generation by
burning it as a fuel in a gas turbine or steam generator. Compared to other hydrocarbon
fuels, methane produces less carbon dioxide for each unit of heat released. At about 891
kJ/mol, methane's heat of combustion is lower than that of any other hydrocarbon.

Uses of Ethane :
Ethane is used in the production of ethylene for making plastics, anti-freeze and
detergents; it's a ripening agent for foods, a refrigerant, a substance in producing
welding gas and a primary ingredient in mustard gas.Ethane is a component in the
natural gas methane and is removed by cryogenic liquefaction .

Uses of Propyne :
Propyne (methylacetylene) is an alkyne with the chemical formula CH3C≡CH. It was a
component of MAPP gas—along with its isomer propadiene (allene), which was
commonly used in gas welding. Unlike acetylene, propyne can be safely condensed.

Propyne is aslo use as a rocket fuel .

European space companies have researched using light hydrocarbons with liquid
oxygen as a relatively high performing liquid rocket propellant combination that would
also be less toxic than the commonly used MMH/NTO (monomethylhydrazine/nitrogen
tetroxide). Their research showed that propyne would be highly advantageous as a rocket
fuel for craft intended for low Earth orbital operations.

Uses of Ethylene :

Few uses of ethylene is mention below :

Polyethylene production - polyethylene is the world's most widely used plastic. It is

recyclable and can be reused to make other products. It is also at the forefront of
environmental research as we learn more about how to make it more biodegradable.

PVC - polyvinyl chloride comes in two basic forms, rigid and flexible. The rigid form is
used in construction for pipe and door and window profiles. It is also used for bottles, non-
food packaging and credit cards. The flexible form is used in plumbing, electrical cable
insulation, signage and inflatable products.
MEG - is an ethylene derivative used in the production of polyester resins, films and
fibers, and for making water-based adhesives, paper, antifreeze, coolant, aircraft de-icers
and solvents. End uses for MEG-derived products include clothing, textiles, packaging,
kitchenware, upholstery, carpets and drink and food containers.

Surfactants production - these represent a host of chemical compounds that are used
as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents and dispersants.

Other uses - ethylene is also used to ripen fruit, as a welding gas, and has many more
everyday applications.

Uses of Acetylene :
Acetylene is an important natural gas that is put to various uses including:

Welding, Cutting, and Heat Treating :

Acetylene is used for welding and cutting. The welding process that uses acetylene is
known as oxy-fuel cutting or gas cutting. This method is used to cut or weld materials that
require temperatures as high as 3,500 °C (6,330 °F). Among all other gases, acetylene is
capable of producing the hottest flame. For this reason, acetylene serves as an important
medium for heat treating metals and other materials. Acetylene is used in automotive part
manufacturing as well as fabrication of other metal parts where accuracy is crucial.

Production of Chemicals :

Chemical synthesis is a major application of acetylene. Acetylene is used to produce

several inorganic compounds. It is used in the synthesis of certain vitamins like Vitamin
A and E. It can also be used to produce certain components of perfumes, solvents, etc. it
is used to produce acetic acid, 1,4-butanediol (BDO), several acetylenic alcohols, etc.

Used in Production of Polyethylene Plastics :

Polyethylene plastics, PVC and PVDF are produced from ethylene or methane, which are
in turn derived from acetylene. Another production process comprises mixing acetylene
with other chemicals or elements like chlorine, hydrochloric acid, etc. to produce different
variants of plastic like PVC, PVDF, etc.

Uses of Cyclohexene :
Cyclohexane is used predominately in the nylon industry where approximately 90% of it is
consumed in the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are
themselves used to generate nylon6 and nylon6.6. The remaining 10% is used both as a
solvent for paints, resins, varnish and oil, and as a plasticiser. Cyclohexane can also be
used as an intermediate in the manufacture of other industrial chemicals such as
cyclohexanone and nitrocyclohexanone.
Uses of cycloheptane :
Cycloheptane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C7H14. Cycloheptane is used
as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry and as an intermediate in the manufacture
of chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs. It may be derived by Clemmensen
reduction from cycloheptanone. Cycloheptane vapour is irritating to the eyes and may
cause respiratory depression if inhaled in large quantit.

Uses of Methylcyclohexane :

Methylcyclohexane is used in organic synthesis and as a solvent for cellulose ethers. And
it is also used for rubber, paint, varnish solvent, grease extraction solvent, etc.
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