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Pub - Prepositions Front Line English Grammar Series PDF
Pub - Prepositions Front Line English Grammar Series PDF
G R A M M A R S E R I E S
Paul Seligson
PREPOSITIONS
Written by - Escrito por:
Paul Seligson
Design - Diseno:
Angela Gomez
Layout - Maquetacion:
MIZAR PUBLICIDAD, S.C.
ISBN: 84-7873-369-8
Dep. Leg.: BI-1269-03
Principales caracteristicas
Key features of the book: del libro:
Clear, concise grammar explanations and rules in Explicaciones y reglas gramaticales claras y concisas
Spanish which take into account your very individual en espanol que tienen en cuenta su problematica
problems. individual.
More than 400 simple, real and reliable example Mas de 400 frases de ejemplos reales, asi como
sentences and useful phrases in English/Spanish. frases utiles bilingues, ingles/espanol.
More than 60 all-english exercises. Mas de 60 ejercicios, todos en ingles.
(Ve se ?e's tne man w^° *was ta^*n8 to' (No. . . to who I was talking.)
es
Eiercicio 2 ^ ^om^re a en °es^a hablando. .
| . ^ ' That's the glass which I was drinking out o/ (No ... out of which. . .)
Ese es el vaso del que estaba bebiendo.
De to + infmitivo con frases adverbiales como be hard/easy to.
(Vease It's hard to find the right person to live with. (No with who to)
Ejercicio 3, Es dificil encontrar la persona adecuada con la que vivir.
pagina 3). At first, chopsticks aren't easy to eat with. (No with which to eat)
Alprincipio, comer conpalillos no esfdcil.
At
• La preposicion at se usa cuando nos referimos a edificios, instituciones publicas y otros
lugares, sobre todo cuando los consideramos en terminos a su funcion. Ejemplo: una
escuela, un teatro, una parada de autobus, una estacion de tren:
• (At solo indica posicion (no movimiento). Para indicar movimiento se usa to. Vease la
unidad 5).
n
La preposicion on indica posicion en relacion a superficies. El significado usual de on
es 'en contacto con (una superflcie)'. Ejemplo: el suelo, una pared, el techo, una estante-
ria, etc.:
EXERCISE \
A Mire los dibujos. Complete las frases.
1 He was at home.
EXERCISE 1
Marque (/) las frases correctas. Corrija las frases que estan mal.
1. Have you ever had a holiday eft a caravan? In
2. There's an old caravan parked at the end of our street. /.
3. The British Prime Minister lives in 10 Downing Street.
4. Sherlock Holmes lived somewhere on Baker Street.
5. Were you at the football team yesterday or didn't you play?
6. Were you at the football match yesterday, or didn't you go?
7. My brother's a sailor. He's been on sea for three months.
8. Look at those children swimming on the sea. They're having fun!
9. She studies in Harvard University.
10. She left her glasses in home.
11. She left her glasses in her jacket pocket.
12. My friend lives at the middle of Exeter Street.
13. My teacher lives at the end of Third Avenue.
14. Turn left at the bank and the chemist is at the end of the road.
_ £xgRCjSE 2 Complete cada frase con at, in o on.
She lives... He lives...
I. in Europe. 7 the beginning of New Road.
2 Dublin. 8 number 96.
3. the city centre. 9 an old flat.
4 Bell Street. 10 the fourth floor.
5 the middle of Bell Street. 11 the end of the corridor.
6 45 Bell Street. 12. ... the left.
EXERCISE 3 Complete las frases. Use at y uno de los lugares de la casill
the dentist's platform 5 the barber's university
the airport work the cinema the box office
the Hard Rock Cafe his house the White House Buckingham Palace
1. My father always asks for a shave at the barber's.
2. Yesterday night we saw an awful film
3. If you tell me the time of your flight, I'll meet you
4. The train now standing is the 5.30 for Newcastle.
5. You can buy tickets for the play in the theatre.
6. We've done the shopping. Let's have lunch
7. Paul's got satellite TV. Let's watch the game
8. I hate hearing the sound of the drill when I'm waiting
9. Don't keep phoning me My boss is complaining.
10. My wife and I met when we were both studying
II. I watched the Queen arrive
12. The President gave a speech on the lawn
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE (3): IN -ON
• Se usa in para grupos e hileras de gente; cuadros, espejos, libros, cartas, textos:
EXERCISE 1
A Complete las frases con on o in.
1 his plays and poems, Shakespeare used 33,000 different words.
2. Carl was the tallest player our school basketball team.
3 this book, the Summary starts page forty-eight.
4. What's the menu today?
5. The treasure was marked the map with a big black cross.
6. Polly didn't look very happy her wedding photos.
7. There's a cartoon of Madonna today's paper. It's page three.
8. Van Gogh used fantastic colours his paintings.
9. Stop looking the mirror. You'll break it!
10. There's only one man our English class. The rest are all women.
""""* EXERCISE 3
Complete las frases. Use on o in y una de las palabras de la casilla.
photos map queues River floor cover farm coast
1. Lady Diana's photo always used to be the front of magazines.
2. Photogenic people always look good
3. At most hotels, the reception area is the ground
4. I love cities. I could never live a in the country.
5. I hate waiting ...._ at supermarket checkouts.
6. I'm lost. Can you show me where we are this ?
7. New York is the east of the USA.
8. London is both sides of the Thames.
OTHER PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
On; on top of
• Se usa on top of para alturas o enfasis (si no, se usa on):
Put your skis on top 0/the car, not in it. (o bien on the car)
Pon tus esquis en la baca del coche, no dentro.
The knives and forks are on the table. (No on top of)
Los cuchillos y los tenedores estdn en la mesa.
Inside/outside
Inside se usa solamente para dar enfasis (lo demas, se usa in). Lo opuesto es outside (pero
no out):
Over/under; above/below
• Over y above a menudo se pueden intercambiar, son como under y below. Over y under
son mas corrientes:
They live in a village 1000 metres above sea level. (No over)
Viven en un pueblo a mil metros sobre el nivel del mar.
He lives in a flat two floors below his mother-in-law. (No under)
Vive en unpiso dos plantas por debajo de su suegra.
Opposite; in front of
He sat opposite me on the train.
Se sento enfrente de mi en el tren.
He sat in front 0/me on the train.
Se sento enfrente de mi en el tren.
Among
Among (tambien amongst)
significa 'rodeado por'. My daughter feels shy when she's ai«0«g strangers.
Between significa en el es- ^ hija se siente cohibida cuando estd entre extranos.
The
pacio que separa dos cosas: 9ueen sat ******the President and his wife-
La Reina se sento entre el Presidente y su esposa.
Against
Against significa 'tocando y soportado por':
In
Se usa in cuando nos refe-
rimos a una position entre In the corner of the room.
espacios confmados, tales In the front row of the picture.
como habitaciones, cua- In the middle of the photo.
dros, fotos, etc.: In the top right-hand corner of the photo.
Fijese en in y at en lo siguiente:
• Se usa in the front/back para los asientos de delante o atras de un coche o taxi.
Se usa at the front/back para los lugares de delante o atras de teatros, cines o grupos de
gente. Se usa on the front/back para la parte de delante o atras de objetos como pinturas,
libros, sobres, papeles, etc.:
EXERCISE
Complete las frases con among o between.
1. They are stuck in the lift floors.
2. I get nervous when I'm a large crowd of people.
3. We put up our tents some tall trees in the middle of the forest.
4. I put up my hammock two large trees.
5. I've found my keys. They had fallen down the wall and the radiator.
""" EXERCISE 3
Complete A-D con las palabras de la casilla y una 1-4 con A-D.
in front of in front on the top by
1. In the queue, there was a tall man standing behind me.
2. In the game, one boy hid behind the tree.
3. I live next to a golf course now.
4. I put our suitcases in the back of the car.
A but I used to live the sea.
B and another boy hid it.
c and our skis on the roof rack
D and a short man standing
EXERCISE 4
Elija la preposition correcta para completar las frases.
1. The boy me touched me on the shoulder. The girl me looked me in the eyes.
A behind B in front of
2. The boxer is boxing the ring. His trainer is the ring, shouting at him.
A outside B inside
3. He leaned his bike the fence and went the pub.
A inside B against
4. - Tina is the middle of the photo.
- No, she isn't. She's the right.
A in B on c at
5. - Bob is sitting the back of the class.
- No, he isn't. He's the front row the left.
A on B at c in
6. Your seat is the front of the theatre, row 'A'. The numbers are the back
of the seat in
A in B at c on
7. Tom lives two floors us on the tenth floor. Bill lives on the sixth floor, two floors
A below B above
8. Who's that young man standing Mr and Mrs Green?
A among B between
"""" EXERCISE 5
Vuelva a escribir las frases. Cambie las preposiciones subrayadas cada vez. No cambie
el sentido y significado de las frases.
1. The cat liked to sleep under the wheelbarrow.
The cat liked to sleep underneath the wheelbarrow.
In y at indican po-
sition; to indica He's at the cinema. El estd en el cine.
movimiento: She went to the cinema. Ellafue al cine.
He lives in Prague. El vive en Praga.
She is going to Prague. Ella va a ir a Praga.
I took my daughter to a play at the local theatre.
Lleve a mi hija al teatro a ver una obra teatral.
EXERCISE 1
Escriba lo que esta haciendo la gente en los dibujos, usando las columnas A y B.
(Se usa from ... to ... tambien con dias, horas, fechas, etc.: I work/row nine to five every
day. Vease 10.5, pag. 30).
Se usa towards (o toward) para poner mas enfasis que en la llegada:
Clint tied up his horse and walked slowly towards the six men.
Clint ato su caballo y camino lentamente hacia los seis hombres.
• Lo contrario de towards es
away from: J TheSIX men wa^ed away from Clint.
Los seis hombres se alejaron de Clint.
NOTA: e^ adverbio es away no away from: The six men walked away.
SIn/into; on/onto
In/on indica position; into/onto indica paso o direccion. Cuando se refiere a espacios defi-
nidos - espacios con 'limites' (una habitacion/prado, etc.) in/on se pueden reemplazar por
into/onto:
Off, out of
O f f eslo contrario
de on: The painter fell off his ladder.
Elpintor se cay 6 de la escalera. (Estaba sobre ella antes)
Out of significa 'alejandose del interior'. Es lo contrario de into:
He took his wallet out 0/his pocket. (No out ni out from)
Saco la cartera del bolsillo.
• Out of puede tambien traducirse por 'lejos de' o 'ya no esta ahi'. Aqui es lo contrario
de in:
"""" EXERCISE 1
Elija las preposiciones correctas de la pagina 20 para completar las frases.
The bird is flying The bird is The bird is flying It's flying
the table. the table. the table. the table.
"" EXERCISE 2
Complete las frases usando el verbo come y una preposicion de la casilla.
from in into off onto out out of towards
1. My son____________his bike and broke his arm. Another cyclist was____________him, so he had
to brake suddenly.
2. -Where do you____________?
- Berlin. I'm German.
3. - It's cold outside.
- Oh, I'm sorry. Please .............
4. The thief____________the bank and jumped into the getaway car.
5. Two young children____________the bar, but the barman told them to leave.
6. Oh, no! My keys were in my pocket. They must have _____________
7. It's a lovely night! Why don't you___________the balcony and look at the stars with me?
EXERCISE 3
Lea el texto y elija las preposiciones correctas.
Last year Ralph and Betty Trester (1) from/in Boston flew (2) from/to New York (3)
from/to Rome. Mrs Trester had always wanted to go (4) there/to there. They spent the first
two days (5) in/into Rome, then they rented a car and drove slowly (6) out/out o/Rome
(7) into/towards the north. They drove (8) in/into Florence and stayed for two days.
However, their holiday suddenly changed (9) in/into a nightmare when they crashed (10)
in/into a wall. They had been driving happily (11) on/onto a quiet road, when they saw
another car driving too fast (12) to/towards them. Mr Trester lost control of the car. The
next thing he knew was when he woke up (13) in/into hospital. He was lucky to be alive.
Mrs Trester was (14) in/into the bed next to him with a broken leg.
After ten days (15) in/inside hospital, they were both (16) out/out of danger and were
allowed (17) out/out of. They couldn't wait to get back (18) to/in the USA again. 'We're
never going back (19) in/to Italy again,' said Mrs Trester.
OTHER PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT
Along She ran along the street.
Along indica paso por pasillos con dos lados; £//fl corr^ por \a cane
ejemplo: canales, carreteras, rios, etc.:
^PHSB 4-^ ^
Across
• Across significa 'de un lado a otro', sobre todo en objetos horizontales; ejemplo: carrete-
ras, prados, rios, lagos, desiertos, etc.:
Over
• Over significa 'de un lado a otro', sobre todo, de objetos verticales, ejemplo:
paredes, arboles, montanas, etc.:
ped.
The prisoners climbed over the wall and escaped.
Los prisioneros escalaron el muro y escaparon.
Under
Under indica paso 'directa-
menteabajo': The boat sailed under the bridge. (No below)
El bote paso por debajo delpuente.
pAST
Go past the church and turn left.
• Past se traduce por 'pasar'. Se usa a menu- i Pasa la iglesia y gira a la izquierda.
do cuando se dan direcciones.
Through
Through indica paso a traves de un objeto tridimensional; ejemplo: tiinel,
muchedumbre, bosque, niebla, ciudad, etc.:
• Up puede indicar paso 'hacia arriba' o 'promotion'; down puede indicar paso 'hacia el
sur' o 'degradation':
• Up the road y down the road se pueden usar indistintamente (a no ser que la carretera
este en lo alto de una colina). Along the road significa lo mismo que up/down the road.
Round
• Round indica una direction 'curva' o 'circular':
• Round (o around) tambien significa 'todo o la mayor parte de alguien' o 'en varias direc-
ciones':
B Tape la historia y mire solamente los dibujos. Escriba los numeros de los dibujos
junto a las preposiciones. !Cuidado! Sobran tres preposiciones.
across past
along round
down through
into to
off towards
onto under
out of up
over
^Recuerda toda la historia?
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME (1): AT- IN • ON
Seus
• Con las horas y con momentos fijos del dia:
• Con fiestas:
the weekend What are you doing at the weekend?
at Christmas iQw vas a hacer el fin de semana?
Easter
Se usa in:
Con partes del dia (pero fljese: at night):
Con periodos mas largos de tiempo tales como meses, estaciones, anos, decadas, siglos:
Se usa on:
UNIT8Con dias de la semana y partes del dia: "
Our car was always breaking down so in the end we sold it.
Nuestro coche siempre estaba averiado asi que al final lo vendimos. ',
Joe's ill at the moment but he hopes to be better in time for your party.
Joe estd enfermo de momentopero espera estar mejor a tiempopara tu fiesta.
EXERCISE
Complete las frases con at, in u on. Una las frases completas con los dibujos.
EXERCISE 4
Haga frases usando at the end of o in the end + una de las oraciones de la casilla.
EXERCISE 5
Complete las frases con on time o /// time.
1. My parents are never late. They always arrive
2. Dad says he won't be home for dinner. Please start without him.
3. The local bus service is awful: the buses never come
4. I hope I get home to watch the match tonight.
5. We're really sorry we didn't get home to say goodbye.
6. We got to the station just to catch the last train.
7. I must get my best suit cleaned for my sister's wedding.
8. Please don't be late for the show, as we want to start
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME (2):
FOR/SINCE -AGO -DURING/IN -WHILE
For/since; ago
• For y since responden a la pregunta How long...? (^Cuanto tiempo...?)
• For se usa con un periodo de tiempo:
• Ago significa 'antes de ahora'. Es un adverbio, no una preposition y se usa con un verbo
en pasado despues de una expresion de tiempo: * ......
During/in
In y during responden las preguntas When...? (^Cuando...?) Se refieren a un momento
en el curso de un periodo de tiempo. Es muy tipico usarlas en expresiones como during/in
the night, during/in the war:
Se usa during (no in) cuando algo continiia a traves de algun periodo de tiempo...:
While
• While es una conjuncion que significa 'durante el tiempo':
""EXERCISE 1
Complete las frases con for o since.
Dear Danielle,
Hope you're well. We haven't been to see you because we were in Spain (1) the
summer holiday. We stayed there (2) nearly three weeks. (3) we were there
we went to lots of interesting places. (4) the first week we stayed in the north. We
went to Barcelona (5) two days and had some fantastic food (6) our visit.
Then we went to Madrid (7) a day and saw some great paintings - but (8) we
were having dinner one evening, somebody stole my new jacket. I was really angry as I'd
only had it (9) a few months. (10) the final week we travelled around the
south. We went to Granada (11) a day and had a fantastic time. (12) Sophie
and I were visiting some beautiful buildings, the kids went walking in the mountains. But
the best place we went to (13) our holiday was Seville. We were only there (14)
a couple of days, but (15) that time we met some fantastic people. You must
go there when you can! Hope to see you soon.
Love
Peter
OTHER PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
Before/after
After y before son contrarias cuando significan tiempo:
Most UK banks are open from 9.30 to/until 4.30, from Monday to Friday.
La mayoria de los bancos en Gran Bretana abren de 9.30 a 4.30, de lunes a viernes.
I'll be away from Sunday until/to Tuesday night, so I can meet you on Wednesday.
Estarefuera desde el domingo hasta el martes por la noche, asi que nos veremos
el miercoles.
From/as from/as of
From, as from, as of significa 'empezando desde una hora en particular':
Within
Within se usa para indicar 'un periodo no mas
largo que una longitud de tiempo en particular': He'll be back within an hour.
El volverd antes de una hora.
By
By significa 'no mas tarde que' y se usa para decir que algo va a suceder a o antes de una
cierta hora:
Compareseby y until:
I can't leave work until 6.30, but I promise I'll be home by 7 o'clock.
Nopuedo dejar el trabajo hasta las 6.30, peroprometo estar en casapara las 7.
Throughout
• Throughout significa 'de principio a fin':
We're so late. By the time we arrive at the party it'll be time to leave.
Vamos muy tarde. Para cuando lleguemos a la fiesta sera hora de irse.
I didn't get to the party until 3 o'clock and, by then, all the food was gone.
No llegue a la fiesta hasta las tresypara entonces, se habia acabado toda la comida.
""" EXERCISE 1
Complete las frases con before o after.
1 having a long hot bath, she went to bed.
2. Make sure you give back the keys leaving the hotel.
3. Doctors have to study for seven years they can begin to practise.
4. Frank finally died at the age of 82 surviving several heart attacks.
5 _ allowing the fight to begin the referee made the boxers touch gloves.
6 taking off the plane headed towards the south coast.
EXERCISE 2
Complete la segunda frase de manera que signifique lo mismo que la primera. Use las
palabras que estan entre parentesis.
1. He'll be home in an hour more or less.
(around) He'll be home in around an hour.
2. I usually go to bed between 10.45 and 11.15.
(about) 11 o'clock.
3. It takes approximately six hours to fly from New York to Los Angeles.
(around) New York is by air from
4. On average she sleeps for between six and eight hours a night.
(about) She usually seven hours a night.
5. I arrive at work at seven twenty-five every morning.
(past) I get
6. I arrive home from work at six-fifty every evening.
(to) I get
7. If we get to the party late, it'll be time to come home again.
(By the time) , it'll be time to leave.
8. If we don't have breakfast soon, it'll be lunch-time.
(By the time) , it'll be time for lunch.
9. It's 2 o'clock now. I think Bob will arrive by 3 o'clock.
(within) I think.. hour.
10. It's 3 o'clock now. I think Jasmin will arrive at 4 o'clock.
(in) I think hour.
EXERCISE 3
Una la primera parte de las frases en la columna A con la segunda parte en la colum-
naB.
A B
1. The party lasted from six in the evening A until she started work.
2. On Saturday the bank only opens from nine B to mid-December.
3. The school term is from September c to the time they got back.
4. He was out of the country from Tuesday D until two the next morning.
5. She studied English from the age of six E until the following Monday.
6. They argued from the time they left home F til twelve.
EXERCISE 4
Escriba una frase que empiece con lo que se le da entre parentesis.
1. The President resigned yesterday. Today we have a new one.
(As from) As from today, we have a new President.
1. She's going to eat less chocolate. She starts tomorrow.
(As from)
3. My father's sixty next year. Then he's going to work part-time.
(As from)
4. Czechoslovakia was one country. In 1993 it became two countries.
(As of)
5. I'm going to go to the gym every day. I'm going to start tomorrow.
(From)
EXERCISE 5
Complete las frases con by o until. Una las frases completas con los dibujos,
1. We'd better eat that steak. The label says it has to be used tomorrow.
2. Let's play cards the rain stops.
3. You can get cheaper clothes only the end of the month.
4. - Can we have a room at this hotel Monday?
- Yes, but you will have to leave midday.
5. The shops are only open lunchtime on Sundays, so you'll have to get your
souvenirs then.
6 _ the time the guards discovered what had happened, the prisoner was on a beach
in Spain.
OTHER USES OF: IN-AT-ON
usa in para expresiones de 'manera/estado':
in debt endeudado
in a hurry/rush con prisa
in a mess en un revoltijo
in a quiet/loud voice en voz baja/alta
in danger en peligro
in dificulty en dificultades
in good/bad condition en buenas/malas condiciones
in love enamorado
in luck de suerte; afortunado
in stock en existencias
in tears en Idgrimas
in ink/pencil/felt tip
writing/words/figures/small letters/capital letters
(a foreign) language
He signed the cheque in green ink.
Firmo el cheque en tinta verde.
Otras expre-
siones utiles at a loss/a profit con perdidas/beneficios
con at: at all cost a cualquier precio
at any rate en cualquier caso
at least por lo menos
at lunch a la hora del almuerzo/comida
at sea en el mar
Otras expresio-
nes de tiempo off and on alternativamente, unas veces si y otras no
con on: on and on insistentemente, machacando
on fire ardiendo
on offer en oferta
on paper por escrito
on screen en pantalla
on purpose (pero by mistake) a proposito (por equivocation)
on the one hand/ the other hand por una parte/por otra parte
on the way to de camino a
on the whole (= in general) en conjunto
EXERCISE 1
Complete el parrafo con siete expresiones de 11.1 en la pagina 39.
Sarah's a disaster! Her life is really (1) in a mess. She's got no money and she's borrowed
so much she's (2) to all her friends. She's (3) of losing them all. And she's so
disorganized! She never has enough time - she's always (4) Her husband Edward
always ends (5) when he talks about her. Poor man! I don't know how he can still be
so (6) with her - but he is! At least she's (7) with her marriage - he's such a kind
man and he'll always love her.
EXERCISE 2
Use las oraciones de 11.2, 11.3 y 11.4 en la pagina 39 para decir las palabras subraya-
das de una forma mas corta.
1. My sister and I like the same things: food, sports, clothes...
You mean you have a lot in common.
2. Please can you divide this cake into two pieces?
You mean cut it
3. My aunt doesn't like sitting in the sun. She prefers to sit where there's no sun.
You mean sit
4. I don't want to talk here. Let's talk where nobody can hear.
You mean talk
5. From the top of the hill, you'll see the castle very, very far away.
You mean it'll be
6. I need a written answer and I need it to be complete.
You mean you need it and
EXERCISE 3
Complete las frases con las expresiones en la casilla.
s
on the night shift on the way on the other hand
on purpose on antibiotics on the whole
1. On the one hand I like New York, but it's very polluted.
2. There are good and bad things about living in a city, but I prefer it to living
in the country.
3. They prefer working to working in the daytime. It's much quieter.
4. She was late to work because she met an old friend on the bus.
5. It wasn't an accident. I'm sure Andrew did it
6. He can't drink alcohol at the moment because he's
EXERCISE 4
Una la columna A con la columna B.
1. The planet Earth travels round the Sun 107,000 kms an hour.
2. In most European countries you can get married sixteen, but not before.
3. He's paying interest on his car.
4. Water freezes zero degrees Celsius.
5. New financial crisis! Banks selling Euros two to the US dollar!
6. Two hundred terrorists were captured only one soldier's life!
EXERCISE 6
Lea las claves. Complete el crucigrama con las oraciones at de 11.5 y 11.7 en la pagi-
na40.
Across -»
1. If you buy something and sell it for more money, you sell it
3. Not here - away somewhere eating.
4. Whatever else might happen.
5. Finally.
7. To appear comfortable or relaxed.
Down 4
2. Your reaction the first time you see something or someone.
3. Not less than and probably more.
4. It doesn't matter how difficult or expensive it is.
6. Sailing in a ship.
MEANS OF TRANSPORT
Se usa by + medios
de transporte: go £y car ir en coche
go by bus/coach ir en autobus
go by bike/motorbike ir en bici/moto
go by train/underground ir en tren/metro
go by plane ir en avion
go by boat/ferry ir en barco/ferry
Pero, fijese: go on
foot (ir a pie) (No Yesterday I went to school by bus and returned on foot.
by foot). Ayer fui al colegio en autobus y volvi a pie.
Cuando se usa un pronombre posesivo (my, his, etc.) o articulo (a/an, the) antes
del pronombre, se debe usar:
... in + coche/taxi/
camion, etc.: They came to school in John's car. (No by John's car)
Vinieron al colegio en el coche de Juan.
I left my umbrella in the taxi. (No on the taxi)
... on + (transporte Me olvide elparaguas en el taxi.
publico, o bid):
Compare:
He went on holiday by car. He came back by plane.
He went on holiday in his car. He came back on a plane.
• Como en el 12.2, se usa get in (o into) + coches, taxis, etc., pero get on (u onto)
+
(transporte publico).
• Out of es lo contrario de in/into. Off es lo contrario de on/onto:
Get in/into a car/taxi
Get out of Get in the car and I'll take you to the station.
Entra en el coche y te llevare a la estacion.
Get on/onto a bus/plane/train Please get out o/the taxi quickly.
Get off a bike/motorbike Tenga la bondad de salir del taxi rdpidamente.
Get on the bus here and don't get off until
the terminus.
Suba al autobus aquiy no se baje hasta la terminal.
EXERCISE 1
Complete las frases segunda y tercera de forma que signifiquen lo mismo que la pri-
mera. Use las palabras entre parentesis.
1. I got the train to London.
(by) I went to London by train,
(on) I went
2. I caught the number 38 bus to Oxford Circus.
(by) I went
(on) I went
3. I like cycling to college.
(by) I like going
(my) I like going
4. I flew back from Japan.
(by) I came back
(a) I came back
5. I usually drive to the shops, but sometimes I take a taxi.
(by/by) I usually go , but sometimes I go
(my friend's/a) I usually go , but sometimes I go
EXERCISE 2
Complete las frases con las preposiciones correctas.
1. Lee usually travels from Hong Kong to Canton ferry but he wasn't the
ferry this morning. He must have gone hovercraft.
2. Michelle goes to school bus or a motorbike and often gets a lift home
a friend's car.
3. Lily got the number 11 bus the bus she met her friend. They got at
the cinema.
4. Nick and Joe were travelling a taxi. But the traffic was awful, so they got
and went foot.
5. Fred must have left his bag the plane. He had it when he got the plane
but he hasn't seen it since he got
XERCISE 3
Complete las frases con las palabras en la casilla.
by(x2) in go get got
into my off on(x2) out
1. Marcia didn't want to walk home alone, so she a taxi.
2. - Did you come the underground?
- No, I hate travelling underground.
- So how did you get here?
-1 came on bike. It's much quicker.
3. Robert's happy to by car but he doesn't want to go Janet's car. She's such
a bad driver.
4. - Shall we a bus or shall we go taxi?
- Let's walk. You see so much more foot.
5. Sam got the coach, walked a restaurant and ordered some food.
6. We got of the taxi, rushed through the airport and flew to Morocco.
OTHER IMPORTANT PREPOSITIONS (1): BY- WITH
Se usa by para...
Decir como se ha mandado algo:
sent by post/mail/courier/fax/e-mail/road/rail/air/sea
• Decir como se
paga algo: PaY by cheque/credit card/direct debit (Pero pay (in) cash)
EXERCISE 1
Complete los encabezamientos y las noticias con by y con una palabra o frase de la
casilla.
2 per cent car bomb courier credit card
satellite William Shakespeare two goals underground
surprise hand
EXERCISE 2
Vuelva a escribir las frases. Reemplace las palabras subrayadas con las expresiones de
13.2 o 13.5 de la pagina 47. No cambie el significado de las frases.
1. Russia is by a long way the biggest country in Europe.
2. Sometimes I like to sit alone and look at the sea.
3. - May I have another sweet?
- Of course. Help yourself.
4. The manager would like to speak to you about your timekeeping.
5. Gradually I began to understand.
6. I've enclosed an invoice and details of how you can pay.
EXERCISE 3
Escriba las frases usando un elemento de cada columna, A, B y C.
B
1. The woman shot her husband drinking poison.
2. The film was made his best friend.
3. Socrates killed himself by a shotgun.
4. The police caught the men with bugging their telephone.
5. The vandals set the car on fire a friend's video camera.
6. The boy's life was saved petrol.
OTHER IMPORTANT PREPOSITIONS (2): TO-FOR
• For se puede usar para indicar razon o proposito (ejemplo: responder a la pre-
gunta, '/,por que?'). For ejemplo: '/,Por que tomaste la aspirina?':
Un verbo que siga a for debe ir en gerundio. Se usa esta forma para hablar sobre el pro-
posito o fimcion de las cosas/objetos:
Aspirins are for relieving headaches.
Las aspirinas son para aliviar el dolor de cabeza.
It's a machine for making expresso coffee.
Es una mdquinapara hacer cafe expreso.
This computer software is for calculating tax.
Este software/programa de ordenador es para calcular los impuestos.
EXERCISE 1
Complete las respuestas en la columna B con to o for y unalas con las preguntas de la
columna A.
A B
1. Why do you want to leave work early? A company.
2. Why do you take this medicine? B visit my friend in New York.
3. Why do you go jogging every day? c my cough.
4. Why do you want a visa for the USA? D keep fit.
5. Why do you need these glasses? E watch the World Cup on TV.
6. Why does he have a pet dog and a parrot? F reading.
~~ EXERCISE 2
A Anada to a estas frases en el lugar correcto. Despues una las frases y los dibujos.
1. A pipette is used measure liquid.
2. Doctors use stethoscopes. They're used check a patient's health.
3. A calculator is used add up lots of large numbers.
4. This is called a compass. It's used draw circles.
5. This is used squeeze the juice out of oranges.
6. This key is used type capital letters.
B Vuelva a escribir las frases usando for. No cambie el significado de las frases.
"" EXERCISE 3
Complete las frases con las palabras/frases correctas de la casilla.
• 'De entre':
He's a friend 0/Margaret's.
Es un amigo de Margarita.
A lot of my colleagues were at the party.
Muchos de mis colegas estaban en la fiesta.
Cantidad / Medida:
I'd like a plate of cheese and a carafe of wine.
Quisiera un plato de queso y una garrafa de vino.
Fechas:
The 4th of July. El 4 de julio.
Of tambien se puede usar despues de las siguientes palabras para indicar grupos
defmidos:
none/one/two them
some/many/most of the students
lots/a lot my friends
both/neither
ABOVE
EN UN LUGAR MAS ALTO The flat above ours is full of students.
(4.3) Elpiso encima del nuestro estd lleno de estudiantes.
ACROSS
1. Al OTRO LADO DE The phone box is across the road.
(5.1) La cabina telefonica estd al otro lado de la carretera.
2. DE UN LADO A OTRO The footbridge goes across the motorway.
(7.2) Elpuente depeatones atraviesa la autopista.
AFTER
1. SIGUIENDO/DETRAS In the alphabet, B comes after A.
En el alfabeto, la B viene detrds de la A.
Close the door after you.
Ciena lapuerta detrds de ti.
2. MAS TARDE QUE ALGO Let's go for a drink after work.
(10.1) Vamos a tomar algo despues de trabajar.
3. REPETIDAMENTE Petrol gets more expensive year after year.
La gasolina estd mas cara ano tras ano.
AGAINST
1. TOCANDO/SOSTENIDO FOR Don't lean your bike against the window.
(4.8) No apoyes la bid contra la ventana.
2. EN DIRECCION OPUESTA It's hard to skate against a strong wind.
Es duropatinar contra un fuerte viento.
3. ENOPOSICION Juventus are playing against Milan tonight.
La Juventus juega contra el Milan esta noche.
4. NO A FAVOR DE Are you for or against capital punishment?
as a favor o en contra de lapena de muerte?
ALONG
DE UN LADO A OTRO I drove along the road till I found a postbox.
(7.1) Fui en cochepor la carretera hasta que encontre un buzon.
AMONG
1. RODEADO POR/DE I love walking among the trees in a wood.
(4.7) Me encanta caminar entre los drboles en un bosque.
2. EN UN GRUPO DE She's among the cleverest people I know.
Ella es urn de las personas mas inteligentes que conozco.
3. DENTRO DE (UN GRUPO) Discuss it among yourselves then tell me.
Discutidlo entre vosotros, despues me decis.
4. CON UNA PARTE CADA His farm was divided among his three children.
Su granjafue dividida entre sus tres hijos.
AROUND (ROUND)
1. EN VARIAS DIRECCIONES I love walking around/round cities I don't know.
(7.8) Me encanta andarpor ciudades que no conozco.
2. EN UNA CURVA/ClRCULO We sat around/round the table chatting for hours.
Estuvimos charlando horas, sentados alrededor de una mesa.
3. CERCADE Excuse me. Is there a post office around here? (No round)
Perdone. ?Hay alguna oficina de correos por aqui cerca?
4. APROXIMADAMENTE Birmingham is around two hours from London by car.
(10.2) (No round)
Birmingham esta a dos horas de Londres en coche.
AS
TRABAJO o PAPEL QUE To learn English, I worked as an au pair in London.
DESEMPENAS/CONDICION (15.3) Para aprender ingles, trabaje como 'au pair' en Londres.
As a child, I used to love drawing.
De nino me encantaba dibujar.
AT
1. UNA POSICION EXACTA/PUNTO We saw you at the bus stop.
(1.2) Te vimos en la parada del autobus.
2. NUMEROS DE CASAS They live at 91 North Street.
(2.1) Viven en la calk Norte 91.
EDIFICIOS CUANDO PENSAMOS We were at the theatre last Sunday. (= watching a play)
EN su FUNCION Estuvimos en el teatro ayer noche. (viendo una obra)
(2.4)
4. UN LUGAR DE REUNION Can you meet me at the airport?
(2.4) ^Puedes esperarme en el aeropuerto?
LUGARES EN UN PUNTO DE UN VIAJE This train doesn't stop at Heathrow.
Este tren no para en Heathrow.
6. UN PUNTO EXACTO DE TIEMPO The last train leaves at 11.45.
(8.1) El ultimo tren sale a las 11.45.
EN DIRECCION HACIA Look at that beautiful sunset.
Mir a esa maravillosa puesta de sol.
BEFORE
1. DELANTE/DELANTE DE C comes before D in the alphabet.
La C viene antes de la D en el alfabeto.
2. MAS TEMPRANO QUE I always have a shower before breakfast.
(10.1) Siempre me ducho antes de desayunar.
BEHIND
1. EN/DETRASDE The sun has gone behind a cloud.
(4.6) El sol se ha escondido detrds de una nube.
2. MASTARDEQUE Because of the snow, all trains are behind schedule.
A causa de la nieve todos los trenes vienen con retraso.
BELOW
SlTUADO EN UNA POSICION MAS BAJA The flat below ours has a lovely patio.
(4.3) El piso de abajo tiene un patio precioso.
BESIDE
JUNTO A Go and sit beside the radiator if you're cold.
(4.4) Ve a sentarte junto al radiador si tienesfrio.
BETWEEN
1. ENTRE DOS COSAS/ The cinema's between the chemist's and the baker's.
PERSONAS/NUMEROS (4.7) El cine estd entre lafamaciay lapanaderia.
She must be between 25 and 30 years old.
Ella debe tener entre 25 y 30 anos.
2. UNIENDO GENTE/COSAS/LUGARES There's a ferry between Spain and Portugal.
Hay un ferry entre Espana y Portugal.
3. ELIGIENDO ENTRE DOS COSAS What's the difference between 'been' and 'gone'.
I Cudl es la diferencia entre 'been 'y 'gone'?
I can't decide between the soup or the salad to start.
No termino de decidirme entre la sopa o la ensalada
como primer plato.
4. COMPARTIENDO ALGO JUNTOS Between the six of us, we drank four litres of wine.
Nos bebimos citatro litros de vino entre los seis.
BEYOND
1. MASALLADE The border is beyond those mountains.
(4.6) Lafrontera estd detrds de esas montanas.
2. FUERA DE UN RADIO DADO After the accident the car was beyond repair.
Despues del accidente el coche estabafuera de toda
reparacion posible.
BY
1. JUNTO A, MUY CERCA DE If you're cold, come and sit by the fire.
(4.4) Si tienesfrio, ven y sientate junto alfuego.
2. NOMASTARDEDE I have to be at the airport by 9 o'clock.
(10.8) Tengo que estar en el aeropuerto para las 9.
3. MEDICS DE TRANSPORTE I usually go to work by bus/by train.
(12.1-2) Genemlmente voy a trabajar en autobus/en tren.
4. AGENTE o 'INSTRUMENTO' Many new cars are now made by robots.
(13.3) Muchos caches nuevos se hacen ahora con robots.
My cat died after it was hit by a lorry.
Mi gato murio despues de que le golpeara un camion.
'Don Quixote' was written by Cervantes.
'Don Quijote'fue escritapor Cervantes.
5. UNACANTIDAD He lost the race by ten seconds.
(13.1) Perdio la carrerapor diez segundos.
DOWN
1. A UNA POSICION/NlVEL MAS BAJO I went down to the cellar to get some wine.
(7.7) Baje a la bodega apor vino.
If you fail the test, you'll go down to the next class.
Si suspendes el examen bajards a la close siguiente.
2. A LO LARGO, FOR I live just down the road.
Vivojusto calle abajo.
FOR
1. LONGITUD DE TIEMPO I worked in Saudi Arabia for two years.
(9.1) Trabaje en Arabia Saudi durante dos anos.
2. RAZON/PROPOSITO What did you do that for? (= why)
(14.1-2) jPara que hiciste eso?
Let's go out for a walk.
Vamos a dar una vuelta.
What's the machine for?
(Para que es la mdquina?
3. CAUSA She jumped for joy.
Ella salto de alegria.
4. MOSTRANDO AL RECEPTOR I made sandwiches for the children.
Nice bocadillos para los ninos.
5. DESTINO(=tO) What time's the next train for Edinburgh?
lA que hora es el proximo tren a Edimburgo?
6. A FAVOR DE Are you for or against increasing taxes?
^Estds a favor o en contra de subir los impuestos?
7. PRECIO He bought a new car for only 8000 pounds.
Compro un coche nuevo solo por 8000 libras.
8. CONSIDERANDO It's very warm for February.
Hace mucho calor para febrero.
FROM
1. LUGAR DE PARTIDA We flew from New York to Los Angeles.
(6.1) Volamos de Nueva York a Los Angeles.
2. TlEMPO DE PARTIDA The box office is open from 6 to/until 8.30.
(10.5-6) La taquilla se abre de 6 a 8.30.
3. CANTIDAD DE PARTIDA Prices start from $100.
Los precios arrancan de 100 dolares.
4. CONDICION DE PARTIDA Things have gone from bad to worse.
Las cosas han ido de mal enpeor.
5. ORIGEN This watch was a gift from my mother.
Este reloj fue un regalo de mi madre.
6. DISTANCIA Viena is 240 kilometres from Budapest.
Viena esta a 240 kilometros de Budapest.
7. MATERIAL ORIGINAL Paper is made from wood.
El papel se hace de la madera.
IN
1. UN LUGAR TRIDIMENSIONAL He's in the bathroom.
(1.1) El esta en el bano.
2. UN AREA They've got a house in France.
(3.4) Tienen una casa en Francia.
3. DENTRO DE EDIFICIOS His son is in prison.
(1.4) Su hijo esta en la carcel.
I'll see you in the hotel lobby.
Te vere en el salon del hotel.
4. CALLES, CARRETERAS, ETC. She lives in North Street.
(2.1/3.4) Ella vive en la calle Norte.
5. EL MEDIO/CENTRO Madrid is in the middle of Spain.
(2.1/4.9) Madrid esta en el centra de Espana.
6. CON PARTE DEL DIA My wife works in the evening.
(8.3/9.2) Mi esposa trabajapor las tardes/noches.
7. CON PERIODOS MAS LARGOS They got married in June/the summer/1998.
(8.3) Se casaron enjunio/en verano/en 1998.
8. CON UN CIERTO TIEMPO Their plane will land in half an hour.
(8.3 /10.7) Su avion aterrizard en media hora.
9. UN TRABAJO/PROFESION He works in insurance.
Trabaja en seguros.
10. LLEVANDO PUESTO Have you seen a man in a long, black coat?
lHas visto a un hombre con una chaqueta larga negra?
IN FRONT OF
1. MAS ADELANTE QUE, If you stand in front of me I can't see anything.
PERO TODAVk CERCA DE Si estds depie delante de mi no puedo ver nada.
(4.5)
2. EN PRESENCIA DE I can't talk about these things in front of my parents.
Nopuedo hablarsobre estas cosas delante de mis padres.
INSIDE
EN LA PARTE INTERIOR What's inside that box?
(4.2) iQue hay dentro de esa caja?
INTO
1. ENTRAR He dived off the boat and into the sea.
(6.2) Se zambullo desde el bote al mar.
2. CHOCAR CONTRA The drunk walked into a lamppost.
(6.3) El borracho se choco contra unafarola.
3. MOSTRAR UN CAMBIO After work I changed into comfortable clothes.
(6.2) Despues de trabqjar mepongo ropa comoda.
He translated the novel into Swedish.
Tradujo la novela al sueco.
LIKE
1. PARECIDOA It's freezing today. It's like winter.
Estd helando hoy. Parece invierno.
2. 'COMOSI' He looks like he's just got out of bed.
Parece como si acabara de salir de la cama.
NEAR
NO LEJOS DE She lives in a cottage near the coast.
(4.4) Ella vive en una casita cerca de la costa.
NEXT TO
JUNTO A I like sitting next to the window on planes.
(4.3) Me gusta sentarme junto a la ventana en los aviones.
OF
1. PERTENECIENTE A The index is at the back of this book.
(15.1) El indice estd en las ultimas psginas de este libra.
2. DEENTRE She's one of my closest friends.
(15.1) Es una de mis mejores amigas.
3. MEDIDAS/TIEMPO A kilo of cheese.
(15.1) Un kilo de queso.
The first of January.
El 1 de enero.
A glass of milk, please.
Un vaso de leche, por favor.
4. MATERIAL The ring was made of diamonds and gold.
El anillo estaba hecho con diamantesy oro.
5. CAUSA He died of a heart attack.
Murio de un ataque al corazon.
OFF
1. MOVIMIENTO ALEJANDOSE DE The painter fell off the ladder.
Elpintor se cay6 de la escalera.
2. A UNA DISTANCIA DE Hong Kong is off the south coast of China.
Hong Kong estd en la costa sur de China.
ON
1. SOPORTADO POR UNA SUPERFICIE Your boots are on the floor.
(1.3/3.2/4.1) Tus botas estdn en el suelo.
There are a lot of photos on the wall.
Hay cantidad defotos en la pared.
2. LUGARES QUE SON LINEAS London is on the River Thames.
(3-4) Londres estd sobre el Tdmesis.
St. Petersburg is on the north coast of Russia.
San Petersburgo estd en la costa norte de Rusia.
3. DiAS/FECHAS What are you doing on Saturday/your birthday?
iQue, vas a hacer el sdbado/en tu cumpleanos?
4. PARTEDELDIA We're arriving on Friday night.
(8.4) Vamos a llegar el viernes por la noche,
5. LO QUE ESTA SUCEDIENDO What's on at the cinema this week?
iQue echan en el cine esta semana?
6. LAASIGNATURADE I've got a test on irregular verbs tomorrow.
Mamma tengo un examen de verbos irregulares.
7. LLEVANDO PUESTO What did she have on?
iQue llevaba puesto ella?
8. LLEVANDO ENCIMA I haven't got any money on me.
No llevo dinero encima.
ONTO
POSICION SOBRE 0 ENCIMA The angry fans ran onto the pitch.
(6.2) Los airados forofos entraron en el campo corriendo.
OPPOSITE
DANDO LA CARA DIRECTAMENTE The railway station is opposite my house.
(4.5) La estacion de ferrocarril estd enfrente de mi casa.
OUT OF
1 . MOVIMIENTO ALEJANDOSE He took some money out of his pocket.
DEL INTERIOR DE ALGO Saco algun dinero de su bolsillo.
(6.3)
2. ALEJANDOSE DE, NO DENTRO She's out of the country on business.
(6.4) Ella esta fuera del pais de negocios.
3. DE ENTRE UN NUMERO Three out of ten adults in Britain smoke.
Tres de cada cuatro adultos en Gran Bretanafuman.
4. MATERIAL USADO PARA FABRICAR Let's make a tent out of these blankets.
Hagamos una tienda de campana con estas mantas.
5. NO QUEDA MAS We're out of coffee, would you like tea?
No nos queda cafe, quiere te?
OUTSIDE
EN EL LADO EXTERIOR DE Please leave your boots outside the house.
(4.2) Tenga la bondad de dejar las botas fuera de la casa.
OVER
1. DIRECTAMENTE ENCIMA Yesterday Concorde flew over our house.
Ayer el Concorde volo por encima de nuestra casa.
2. CUBRIENDO TODO 0 PARTE DE She put her coat over the back of the chair.
Ella puso el abrigo encima de la silla.
3. AL OTRO LADO My sister lives over the road.
(7.3) Mi hermana vive al otro lado de la carretera.
The cat jumped over the wall.
El gato salto por encima del muro.
4. CUBRIENDO UN AREA GRANDE There was broken glass all over the floor.
Habia cristales rotospor todo elsuelo.
SINCE
PUNTO DE ARRANQUE I haven't seen her since 1997. Before that, we hadn't
PARAACCIONESQUE met since 1990.
CONTINUAN HASTA No la he visto desde 1997. Antes de eso no nos habiamos
EL MOMENTO DE HABLAR encontrado desde 1990.
(9.1)
I've been waiting here since 10 o'clock.
Llevo esperando aqui desde las diez.
THROUGH
DE UN LADO A OTRO We watched the football match through a hole in the fence.
(7.6) Vimos el partido de futbol a traves de un agujero en la valla.
THROUGHOUT
DESDE EL PRINCIPIO HASTA CNN can be seen throughout the world.
EL FINAL DE ALGO La CNN se puede ver en todo el mundo.
(10.9)
TO
1. DESTINO/EN DIRECCION DE They're going to Moscow.
(5.2-4/5.7/6.1) Van a Moscu.
Florence is to the south of Bologna.
Florencia estd al sur de Bolonia.
Listen to me. Give it to her. Lend it to him.
Escuchame. Ddselo a ella. Dejaselo a el.
2. BEFORE AN HOUR It's twenty to six.
(10.2) Son las sets menos veinte.
3. HASTA Keith works from 9.00 to 5.45.
(10.5) Keith trabaja desde las 9 hasta las seis menos cuarto.
4. RAZON/PROPOSITO I'm studying this book to improve my English.
Estoy estudiando este libro para mejorar mi ingles.
5. COMPARANDO She prefers walking to swimming.
Ella prefiere andar a nadar.
TOWARDS
1. EN LA DIRECCION DE She was driving towards the station when she saw you.
(6.1) Ella estaba conduciendo hacia la estacion cuando te vio.
2. CERCA DE LA HORA/FECHA I always get hungry towards lunchtime.
Siempre tengo hambre hacia la hora de comer.
UNDER
1. DEBAJO (POSICION) Your shoes are under the bed.
(4.3) Tus zapatos estdn debajo de la cama.
2. DEBAJO (MOVIMIENTO) Put your shoes under the bed.
(7.4) Pon los zapatos debajo de la cama.
3. MAS JOVEN QUE No admission for people under sixteen.
No se admiten a menores de dieciseis.
UNTIL/TILL
HASTA UNA HORA/ACONTECIMIENTO Food will be served until midnight.
(10.4-5) Se servira algo para comer hasta medianoche.
Heat the milk until it boils.
Calienta la leche hasta que hierva.
UP
1. A UNA POSICION MAS ALTA The boy climbed up the tree.
(7.7) El chico trepo a un arbol.
If you pass the test, you'll go up to the next class.
Si pasas el examen irds a la siguiente clase.
2. A LO LARGO (7.7) I live just up the road.
Vivo justo calle arriba.
WITH
1. IN THE COMPANY OF I live with my sister.
Vivo con mi hermana.
2. TENIENDO/LLEVANDO Sao Paolo is a city with a lot of problems.
(13.4) Sao Paolo es ma ciudad con cantidad de problemas.
Rod's tall with long red hair and a beard.
Rod es alto, pelirrojo y con barba.
3. USANDO COMO INSTRUMENTO She killed the wasp with a newspaper.
(13.3) Ella mato la avispa con un periodico.
4. CONCERNIENTE There's a problem with his visa.
Hay un problema con su visa.
WITHOUT
NO TENIENDO/NO ACOMPANANDO I always drink tea without milk or sugar.
Siempre bebo el te sin leche o azucar.
Go to the cinema without me if I'm late.
Ve al cine sin mi si llego tarde.
EXERCISE 1 3. That's the table I left my
keys on.
XERCISE 4
1. to 4. That's the hole the ball 1. down
2. with rolled down. 2. over
3. from 5. That's the door they went 3. at
4. on through. 4. to
5. about 5. over
6. for 6. under
7. through "EXERCISE 3 7. by
1. Wooden chairs 8. of
2. Parents 9. on
XERCISE 2 3. A kitten 10. in
1. That's the factory he works 4. New shoes 11. by
in. 5. A hot bath 12. in
2. That's the boy she goes out 6. Small cars
with. 7. Ice
8. Banisters
EXERCISE 1 7. at
8. in/in
4.
5.
He was in the shower.
He was at university.
2. on 6. He was in hospital.
3. at
4. in/in EXERCISE 2 7.
8.
He was in the garden.
He was in prison.
5. in/on/in 2. He was in bed.
6. on 3. He was at work.
XERCISE 1 4. at D
5. in F
5. Most of the audience were
crying at the end of the
1. at 6. on B opera.
2. in 6. The footballers shook
3. at
4. on EXERCISE 3 hands at the end of the
1. at/- match.
5. on 7. She didn't like him at first
6. on 2. -
3. on but in the end they got
7. in married.
8. in 4. -
5. at/- 8. University students often
9. on do crazy things at the end
10. at 6. -
7. on/- of their courses.
11. at 9. The runner collapsed at the
12. on 8. On/-/-
9. at/on/- end of the marathon.
13. on
14. in
15. in EXERCISE 4 EXERCISE 5
16. at 2. My children tried to learn 1. on time
17. in to play the piano but in the 2. in time
18. in end they gave up. 3. on time
3. Our old video kept going 4. in time
wrong so in the end we 5. in time
XERCISE 2 bought a new one. 6. in time
1. at C 4. We were going to go out 7. in time
2. in E last night but in the end we 8. on time
3. on A stayed at home.
EXERCISE \ EXERCISE 2 EXERCISE 3
1. since September. 1. I've been here for three 1. during
2. for twenty days. days. 2. for
3. for a year. 2. She was waiting there for 3. While
4. since last year. an hour. 4. For
5. «/?ce 1998. 3. I broke my arm while 5. for
6. s/'wce I was twelve. I was skiing last year. / 6. during
7. since the summer. 4. I was in hospital for three 7. for
8. for a long time. days. / 8. while
9. for three months. 5. My friend has gone away. 9. for
10. since October 2nd. I won't see her for a long 10. During
11. for a few weeks. time. / 11. for
12. for ages. 6. I had to study during/at 12. While
the weekend, so I feel 13. during
really tired. 14. for
7. He's been married for 15. during
half his life./
8. She's been married/or
only a short time.
9. His father died during the
war. /
10. His mother died in her
teens. /
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 2
1. I went to London on the train. 1. by/on/in
2. I went to Oxford Circus by number 38 bus. 2. by/on/in
I went to Oxford Circus on the number 3. on/On/off
38 bus. 4. in/out/on
3. I like going to college by bike. 5. on/on (onto)/off
I like going to college on my bike.
4. I came back from Japan by plane. EXERCISE 3
I came back from Japan in a plane. 1. got
5. I usually go to the shops by car, but 2. on/by/my
sometimes I go by taxi. 3. go/in
I usually go to the shops in my friend's car, 4. getfty/on
but sometimes I go in a taxi. 5. oftfinto
6. out
EXERCISE 1 4. The manager would like to speak to you in
connection with your timekeeping.
2. by satellite 5. Little by little I began to understand.
3. by 2 per cent 6. I've enclosed an invoice together with
4. by hand details of how you can pay.
5. by William Shakespeare
6. by courier
7. by two goals
8. by underground EXERCISE 3
9. by credit card 1. The woman shot her husband with
10. by car bomb a shotgun.
2. The film was made with a friend's video
EXERCISE 2 camera.
3. Socrates killed himself by drinking poison.
1. Russia is by far the biggest country in 4. The police caught the men by bugging
Europe. their telephone.
2. Sometimes I like to sit by myself 'and look 5. The vandals set the car on fire with petrol.
at the sea. 6. The boy's life was saved by his best friend.
3. - May I have another sweet?
- By all means. Help yourself.
EXERCISE 1 B
1. A pipette is used/or measuring liquid.
\. E To watch the World Cup on TV. 2. Doctors use stethoscopes. They're used/or
2. c For my cough. checking a patient's health.
3. D To keep fit. 3. A calculator is used for adding up lots of
4. B To see my friend in New York. large numbers.
5. F For reading. 4. This is called a compass. It's used/or
6. A For company. drawing circles.
5. This is used for squeezing the juice out
of oranges.
EXERCISE 2 6. This key is used/or typing capital letters.
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 3
2. It's in front o/you! 1. since
3. I'd like tea without sugar. 2. for/ago
4. Let's have our meeting before lunch. 3. for/since/ago
5. It's twenty-five to six.
6. The old woman got off the bus.
7. Harry got into the taxi. EXERCISE 4
8. Maria walked out o/the room. 1. Inflation has gone up from 8 to 9 per cent.
9. The children cycled down the hill. 2. I haven't seen Bill/or a long time.
10. We walked down to the first floor. 3. Brighton is around/about an hour from London
11. The birds flew over the bridge. by train.
12. The town is situated below sea level. 4. The people in the flat above us are very noisy.
13. Before eating breakfast she went for a walk. 5. They live on/at the corner of Main Street.
14. She's walking away from the market. 6. Your photos will be ready in two day's time.
15. My tools were on top of the car.
16. I'm against increasing taxes.
EXERCISE 5
1. on 10. out of
EXERCISE 2 2. Before 11. in
1. until 3. on 12. from
2. Before 4. on 13. to
3. along 5. in 14. round/around
4. at 6. In 15. on/along
5. after 7. up 16. to
6. on 8. down 17. over
7. down 9. past 18. on
Las preposiciones listadas a continuation estan todas descritas en las unidades del libro.
Los numeros de referencia, 1.1,1.2, etc., se refieren a las secciones de las unidades.
La letra 'S' significa que los detalles de la preposition se incluyen en el sumario (summary),
paginas 56-66.
Por ejemplo la entrada about 10.2 • S significa que la informacion sobre la preposicion about
se puede encontrar en la section 10.2 y tambien en el sumario.
about 10.2 • S inside 4.2 - S
above 4.3 - S into 5.1 - 6 . 2 - 12.3 - S
across 5.1 • 7.2 .S like 15.3 - S
after 10.1 - S near 4.4 - S
against 4.8 - S next to 4.4 - S
ago 9.1 of 15.1-2 - S
along 7.1 - S off 6.3 - S
among 4.7 - S on 1.3 -2.2 -3.2-4 -4.11 • 4.9-10
around 5.1 - 7 . 8 - 10.2 - S 6.2-8.4-5-8.7-11..8-11 •
as 15.3 • S 12. 1-3 - S
as from 10.6 on top of 4.1
as of 10.6 onto 5.1 - 6 . 2 - 12.3 - S
at 1.2 -1.4 -2.1 -2.3-4 -4.9-10- opposite 4.5 - S
5.2 -5.6 -8. 1-2 -8.5-6 • out of 5.1 • 6.3 - S
11.5-7 - S outside 4.2 - S
away from 6.1 over 4.3 • 7.3 • S
before 10.1 - S past 7.5 • 10.3
behind 4.6 - S round 5.1 • 7.8 - S
below 4.3 - S since 9.1 - S
beside 4.4 - S through 5.1 • 7.6 • S
between 4.7 - S throughout 10.9 • S
beyond 4.6 - S to 5.2-4 -5.6-7 - 6 . 1 - 10.3-
by 4.4 -10.8 -10.10 -12.1-2 • 10.5 • 14.2 • 14.5 • S
13.1-3 - S towards 5.1 • 6.1 - S
down 5.1 • 7.7 • S under 4.3 • 7.4 • S
during 9.2-3 underneath 4.3
for 9. 1-2- 14. 1-5 - S until 10.4-5 • 10.8 • S
from 6.1- 10.5-6 - S up 5.1 • 7.7 • S
in 1.2 -1.4 -2.1 -2.3 - 3 . 1 - while 9.3
3.3 • 4.9-10 • 5.2 • 5.6 • 6.2 • with 13.3-5 • S
8.3 • 8.5-7 • 9.2 • 10.7 • within 10.7
11. 1-4- 12.2-3 - S without S
in front of 4.5 - S
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