The 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Practices

23 September 2019 - Manado

Effects of coconut sawdust on mechanical

properties and porosity of concrete mixtures

Presented by:
STEVE W.M SUPIT
EDOARDO KUMENDONG

Civil Engineering Department

Manado State Polytechnic
Sequence of Presentation

Introduction
Research Objectives
Methodology
Results
Conclusions and recommendations
 FIBER REINFORCED
CONCRETE

 Concrete containing a hydraulic

cement, water, fine or fine and coarse
aggregate and discontinuous discrete
fibers

 It may also contain pozzolans and other

admixtures

steel, polypropylene, nylon, basaltic, glass

FIBERS carbon, asbestos, wood, cellulose,
and variation of synthetic fibers
 SAWDUST
POWDERY WASTE PRODUCED BY THE SAWING OF
WOOD

 Sawdust is one of the natural fibers

which can be used as an addition on
concrete mixtures, and it contains
cellulose and hemicellulose, the
tensile strength of cellulose can reach
to 2000 MPa (Balaguru and Shah,
1992)
 The addition of sawdust as much as 0.5% and 1% shows an
impact on compressive strength of mortar. Excessive loss of
cpmpressive strength was found when using sawdust content
larger than 1% (Gil et al, 2017)
COCONUT SAWDUST
The wood waste sourced from the timber
industry is around 40.48% volume per year

SAWDUST = 8.77%

Green Waste Local

Construction

• High energy absorption

• High resistance on water absorption
and microorganism attack
 • COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
at 7 and 28 days

O
B • FLEXURAL STRENGTH at
J 28 days
E
C
T
I • VOLUME OF PERMEABLE
V VOIDS at 7 and 28 days
E
S
Methodology Chemical compositions of PCC and Coconut sawdust
Compositions (%)
No. Parameter Coconut
PCC
sawdust
1 SiO2 20.92 52.52
2 Al2O3 5.49 -
3 Fe2O3 3.78 14.99
4 CaO 65.21 13.98
5 Na2O - -
6 K2O - 16.88
7 MgO 0.97 -
8 SO3 - 0.23

Mixture proportions of concrete containing coconut sawdust

Concrete sample types
Materials
0% 2.5% 5% 7.5%
Cement kg/m3 525 525 525 525
Fine Aggregate kg/m3 624 624 624 624
Coarse Aggregate kg/m3 978 978 978 978
Water kg/m3 186 186 186 186
Coconut saw dust kg/m3 0 13 26 39
 Methodology
(cont’d)

Aggregate Coconut Compressive Flexural Porosity

Sawdust strength Strength
Test on Coconut SNI 2011. 1974- SNI 2014. 4154- Annual Book of
aggregate Sawdust 2011. Cara Uji Kuat 2014. Metode Uji ASTM Standars,
Tekan Beton Kekuatan Lentur 2002. ASTM C 642.
properties Preparation Dengan Benda Uji Beton Test Method for
Silinder. (Menggunakan Density, Absorption,
Balok Sederhana and Voids in
Dengan Beban Hardened Concrete.
Terpusat Di Tengah
Bentang).
Results

Compressive
strength
results

Volume of
Flexural Permeable
Strength Voids
results results
 Compressive 35
31,88

Strength
30,50
30 28,90

Compressive Strength (MPa)

25,71
25
Concretes containing 22,44
19,70
2.5% and 5% coconut 20 18,15
18,97
0%
sawdust reached around 2,5%
15
30-40% higher 5%
compressive strength 10 7,5%
compared to normal
5
concrete, particularly at 7
days 0
77 days
hari 28 hari
28 days

Testing days

• Cellulose and Hemicellulose

• High silicate content
• Particle size
 8
Flexural Strength
28 days
7
Flexural Strength (MPa)

6 6,78
28% reduction
5
4 4,82

3
2
1 Non Homogen

0
0% 5%
Type of Mixtures  Proper proportions (only
5% in this research)
 Workability
 Agglomeration due to finer
particle sizes
 Admixture addition is
needed (w/c is low)
 Later ages of strength
Volume of permeable voids 16
15
15,17

Porosity (%)
14 12,62
20 18,56 13
18,18 12
18 11
15,17 15,57 15,18 10
16
14,10 7 hari 28 hari
14 13,39
12,62
Porosity (%)

20 18,56
12 19

Porosity (%)
18
10 17
16 14,10
15
8 14
13
6 12
11
10
4 7 hari 28 hari
2
0 16 15,57
15

Porosity (%)
0% 2,5% 5% 7,5% 14 13,39
13
Type of mixtures 12
11
10
7 hari 28 hari

19 18,18
18

Porosity (%)
17
16 15,18
15
14
13
12
11
10
7 hari 28 hari
 Potential application
7 Days 28 Days

Compressive Strength (MPa)

Compressive Strngth (MPa)

30 35 31,88
30,50
25,71 28,90
30
25 22,44
18,15 18,97 25
20 19,70
18,56 18,18 20
15 15,57
12,62 15 15,17 14,10 15,18
13,39
10 10
5 5
0 0
0% 2,5% 5% 7,5% 0% 2,5% 5% 7,5%
Type of Mixes Type of Mixes

Standars Test Result

1. Concrete Plate
Variation 5%
 Flexural strength (Sc’) = 45 kg/cm2 or
 Flexural strength (Sc’) = 4.82 MPa
4.5 MPa
 Compressive Strength = 30.50 MPa
 Compressive Strength = 350 kg/cm2 or 29 MPa
Variation 2,5%
2. Wet lean concrete
 Compressive Strength = 31.88 MPa
 Compressive Strength = 105 kg/cm2
or 8.7 MPa
Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions Recommendations
• Proper ratio between cement
Volume Normal
Weight Concrete
and coconut sawdust

Optimum 2.5 and 5% • Pre-treatment on coconut

Variation addition Coconut sawdust before use
Sawdust
Compressive 2.5 % = 31.88 MPa • More testing methods to
Strength 5% = 30.50 MPa validate the results including for
later ages of testing
Flexural 0 % = 6.78 MPa
Strength 5% = 4.82 MPa
• Mixing method to minimize
Porosity 0 % = 13.06 % agglomeration of coconut
5 % = 15.57 % sawdust

• Microstructure analysis for

future research

Coconut sawdust material can be

used in the construction industry
as eco-friendly material to
environment
References
Annual Book of ASTM Standars, 2002. ASTM C 642. Test Method for
Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete, ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, PA.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN), 2011. 1974-2011. Cara Uji Kuat

Tekan Beton Dengan Benda Uji Silinder.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN), 2014. 4154-2014. Metode Uji

Kekuatan Lentur Beton (Menggunakan Balok Sederhana Dengan
Beban Terpusat Di Tengah Bentang).

Balaguru, P.N., dan Shah, S. P. 1992. Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites,

McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.

Gill, H, Ortega, A, and Perez, J. Mechanical behavior of mortar reinforced

with sawdust waste. 3rd International Conference on Natural Fibers:
Advanced Materials for a Greener World, ICNF 2017, 21-23 June
2017, Braga, Portugal
.
THANK YOU