https://vdnt.

in/JEEVedantu
https://vdnt.in/JEEVedantu
Conic Sections- Introduction

CONIC SECTION
CONICS - BASIC CONCEPTS

MATHEMATIC
S
Example:
Find the pair of lines represented by
2x2+5xy+3y2+6x+7y+4 = 0.
Example:
Find the point of intersection of pair of lines represented by
2x2+5xy+3y2+6x+7y+4 = 0.
General Equation of Second Degree

General Equation of Second Degree

CONIC SECTION
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 Δ = abc + 2fgh − af2 − bg2 − ch2

If Δ = 0, Given Equation represents a pair of straight lines

If Δ = 0, If Δ = 0, If Δ = 0, If Δ = 0,
h2 -ab > 0 h2 -ab=0, a+b=0 h2 -ab< 0
A pair of A pair of Parallel Perpendicular A point
intersecting Straight Lines Straight Lines (or imaginary lines)
Straight Lines MATHEMATIC
S
Pair of Lines
ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c = 0
Δ = 0, h2-ab ≥ 0

A pair of lines
ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c = 0
Δ ≠ 0, h = 0, a = b

A circle
ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c = 0
Δ ≠ 0, h2-ab = 0

A parabola
ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c = 0
Δ ≠ 0, h2-ab < 0

An ellipse
ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c = 0
Δ ≠ 0, h2-ab > 0

A hyperbola
Conic Sections- Introduction
Q. The curve represented by the equation 4x2 + y2 + 4xy + 4x + 32y + 16 = 0
is A CONIC SECTION
A pair of straight line B A parabola

C An ellipse D A hyperbola

MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction
Q. The curve represented by the equation
4x2 + y2 + 4xy + 4x + 32yCONIC
+ 16 = 0 isSECTION
Solution :

a=4 b=1 c = 16 h=2 g=2 f = 16

Δ = abc + 2fgh − af2 − bg2 − ch2 = –900

h2 – ab = 22 – (4 × 1) = 0

Δ ≠ 0 and h2 = ab

Ηence curve is a Parabola MATHEMATIC

S
Conic Sections- Introduction

CONIC SECTION

DEFINITION OF CONIC SECTIONS

MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

Conic Section :
CONIC SECTION
A conic (section) is the locus of a point which moves in a plane such that
its distance from a fixed point is in constant ratio to its perpendicular
distance from a fixed line.

Fixed point = Focus

Fixed line = Directrix
Constant ratio = eccentricity of conic

MATHEMATIC
Now, let us read the definition again and draw the diagram.
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

Conic Section :
CONIC SECTION
A conic (section) is the locus of a point which moves in a plane such that
its distance from a fixed point is in constant ratio to its perpendicular
distance from a fixed line.

M P (x, y)
Fixed line PS
(directrix) = e (eccentricity)
PM
S Fixed point
(focus)
By joining all such points P,
MATHEMATIC
we get the conic section curve
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

ccentricity
CONIC SECTION

MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

CONIC SECTION
If e = 1, the conic is called as parabola. M P (x, y)
Fixed line
(directrix)

S Fixed point
(focus)

MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

CONIC
If e < 1, the conic is called an ellipse. SECTION
M1 P1
M2 P2
M3 P3

M P

MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

CONIC
If e > 1, the conic is called a hyperbola. SECTION

MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

CONIC SECTION

MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

Latus Rectum Conic

CONICLine
SECTION
passing through focus, perpendicular to
directrix is called Axis of Conic.
P (h, k) Point of intersection of conic & axis is called
M vertex.
Line segment joining any two points on conic is
Directrix
called chord.
S
Chord perpendicular to axis is called as Double
Axis Focus ordinate.
Double ordinate passing through focus is called
Vertex as Latus Rectum.

Double ordinate
Chord
MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

CONIC
EXAMPLES ON EQUATION SECTION
OF CONIC SECTIONS

MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction
Q. Find the equation of a conic section whose focus is at (–1, 0),
directrix is the line 4x –CONIC
3y + 2 = 0 SECTION
and eccentricity 1/√ 2

MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction
Q. Find the equation of a conic section whose focus is at (–1, 0),
directrix is the line 4x CONIC
– 3y + 2 = 0SECTION
and eccentricity 1/√ 2
Solution :
M P (h, k)
Let P (h, k) be a point on the conic.
Fixed line Then by definition PS = e PM
(directrix)

S Fixed point
(focus)

1 4h – 3k + 2
√(h + 1)2 + (k − 0)2 = MATHEMATIC
√2 √42 + (–3)2
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

1 4h – 3k + 2
2
√(h + 1) + (k − 0) 2
=
√2 CONIC
√42 + (–3)2
SECTION

1
(x + 1)2 + y2 = (4x – 3y + 2)2
50

34x2 + 41y2 + 24xy + 84x + 12y + 46 = 0

MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction
Q. The vertex of conic whose eccentricity is 1, focus is (3, –4) and
directrix is x – y + 5 = 0CONIC
is: SECTION
A (-1, 0) B (0, -1)

C (1, 0) D (0, 1)

MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction
Q. The vertex of conic whose eccentricity is 1, focus is (3, –4) and
directrix is x – y + 5 = 0CONIC
is: SECTION
Solution :
Let P (h, k) be a point on the conic.
M P (h, k) Then by definition PS = e PM
x–y+5=0
S (3, –4)

Here e = 1, focus is (3, –4)

directrix is x – y + 5 = 0

|h–k+5|
(h–3)2 + (k + 4)2 =
MATHEMATIC
√2
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

|h–k+5|
(h–3)2 + (k + 4)2 =
√2
CONIC SECTION M P (h, k)
x–y+5=0
h2 + k2 – 22h + 26 k + 2hk + 25 = 0 S (3, –4)

x2 + y2 – 22x + 26y + 2xy + 25 = 0

Equation of axis
Axis is perpendicular to directrix
Slope of axis = –1 and pass through focus
Slope of directrix = 1 and focus is (3, – 4)
y + 4 = –1 (x – 3)
MATHEMATIC
x+y+1=0 S
Conic Sections- Introduction

Vertex
CONIC SECTION
Point of intersection of conicand axis is called vertex

Pt of intersection of x = – y – 1 and S = 0

On solving, we get
(y + 1)2 + y2 + 22y + 22 + 26y – 2y2 – 2y + 25 = 0

y=–1

x=0
MATHEMATIC
Vertex is (0, –1)
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

Another method to find vertex

CONIC SECTION

MATHEMATIC
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

Another method to find vertex

CONIC SECTION
Axis = x + y + 1 = 0 P(h, k)

On solving x + y + 1 = 0,
x–y+5=0
x = – 3 and y = 2 M A S (3, – 4)
(–3 , 2) M
PS = PM AS = AM (–3 , 2)

A is mid-pt of MS
x–y + 5 = 0

–3 + 3 , 2– 4
= (0, –MATHEMATIC
So A
1)
2 2
S
Conic Sections- Introduction

ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 Δ = abc + 2fgh − af2 − bg2 − ch2
CONIC SECTION

If Δ ≠ 0,

If Δ ≠ 0, Δ ≠ 0, Δ ≠ 0, Δ ≠ 0, Δ ≠ 0,
a = b & h = 0 h2 = ab h2 < ab h2 > ab h2 > ab,
a+b=0
a Circle a Parabola an Ellipse a Hyperbola a Rectangular
Hyperbola
MATHEMATIC
S