"Laong Laan" redirects here. For the railway station, see Laong Laan (PNR station).

This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Mercado and the
second or maternal family name is Realonda.

José Rizal

Born José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso

Realonda[1]

June 19, 1861[2]

Calamba, Laguna, Captaincy General of the

Philippines[2]

Died December 30, 1896 (aged 35)[3]

Bagumbayan, Manila, Captaincy General of

the Philippines[3]

Cause of Execution by firing squad

death
 Monuments Luneta Park, Manila,

Calamba, Laguna,

Daet, Camarines Norte,

Carson, California

Other names Pepe, Jose (nicknames)[4][5]

Alma mater Ateneo Municipal de Manila

University of Santo Tomas

Universidad Central de Madrid

Organization La Solidaridad, La Liga Filipina

Spouse(s) Josephine Bracken (1896)[6]

 Francisco Rizal Mercado (father)

Parents
 Teodora Alonso Realonda (mother)

Relatives Saturnina Hidalgo (sister)

Paciano Rizal (brother)

Signature

José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda[7] (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse riˈsal]; June 19,
1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during the tail end of
the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is tagged as the national hero (pambansang
bayani) of the Filipino people.[8] An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and a key
member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement which advocated political reforms for the colony
under Spain.
He was executed by the Spanish colonial government for the crime of rebellion after the Philippine
Revolution, inspired in part by his writings, broke out. Though he was not actively involved in its
planning or conduct, he ultimately approved of its goals which eventually led to Philippine
independence.
He is widely considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines and has been recommended to
be so honored by an officially empaneled National Heroes Committee. However, no law, executive
order or proclamation has been enacted or issued officially proclaiming any Filipino historical figure
as a national hero.[9] He was the author of the novels Noli Me Tángere and El filibusterismo, and a
number of poems and essays.[10][11]