Report on the

History of Malla dynasty in

Nepal

Submitted by: Rachel Lepcha Submitted to: Sunil sir

Class : Six
Subject : History
 Introduction

The Malla Dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Kathmandu Valley from c.
1201–1779 CE. Malla meaning was wrestler. The first of the Malla kings
came to power in Kathmandu Valley around 1200 CE. The Malla period was
a golden one that stretched over 600 years, though it was peppered with
fighting over the valuable trade routes to Tibet. There were 21 king of Malla
who ruled over Kathmandu.

The Mallas were noted for their patronisation of the Maithili

language (the language of the Mithila region) which was afforded equal
status to that of Sanskrit in the Malla court. Maithil Brahmin priests
were invited to Kathmandu and many Maithil families settled in
Kathmandu during Malla rule.

Objective

I made this report on the topic history of Malla dynasty to:

 Spend my winter vacation and free time.

 Complete my academic assignment.
 Learn how to make report.
 Know our history.
 Improve my typing.
 Get marks.
 Methology
I found this information from:
1) Wikipedia
2) Internet
3) The history of Nepal (book)
4) Malla dynasty (book

Finding
Ari Malla was the first king of Kathmandu. He ruled over
Kathmandu and prospered it with culture. Ari Malla (reigned 1200–16)
was the first king to be so called, and the practice of adopting such a
name was followed regularly by rulers in Nepal until the eighteenth
century. This long Malla period witnessed the continued importance of
the Kathmandu Valley as a political, cultural, and economic center of
Nepal. Other areas also began to emerge as significant centers in their
own right, increasingly connected to the Kathmandu Valley. Another
Legend says that Ari Dev was fond of Wrestling so in honour of
Wrestling, he adapted Malla as a surname and establishing the Malla
Clan. With this ended the Licchavi Period and Started the House of
Malla making Ari Dev the Last Licchavi King and First Malla King as
Ari Malla.
The first Malla rulers had to cope with several disasters. In 1255, one-
third of the population of Kathmandu (30,000 people, including King
Abhaya Malla) were killed when the valley suffered an earthquake with
the epicentre right below the city. A devastating Muslim invasion by
Sultan Shams-ud-din of Bengal in 1345-46, during the reign of Jayaraja
Deva (r. 1347–1361), left plundered Hindu and Buddhist shrines in its
wake.
Apart from this, the earlier Malla years (1220–1482) were largely stable.
During the reign of Jayabhimdev Malla in 1260, the eighty artisans were
sent to Tibet. Among them was Araniko (1245–1306) who later rose to
become a high-ranking official in the court of Mongol leader Kublai
Khan's Yuan dynasty. Araniko is the only person from this early Malla
era whose biography is known to us in some detail, thanks to the
Chinese historical records.
The Malla dynasty ruled the Kathmandu Valley until Prithvi Narayan
Shah of the Gorkha Kingdom invaded it in 1768-69 CE with the Battle
of Kirtipur. The last Malla kings were Jaya Prakash Malla of Kantipur
(i.e. Kathmandu), Tej Narsingh Malla of Lalitpur and Ranajit Malla of
Bhaktapur. Prithvi Narayan Shah and his Gokhali troops surrounded the
Kathmandu Valley. With this, Jay Prakash Malla went to Patan. Then
Tej Narasingh Malla and Jaya Prakash Malla fled to Bhaktapur.
Similarly, the Gorkhali troops captured Patan and when it came to
Bhaktapur, a fight ensued. This resulted in the victory of Prithvi Narayan
Shah over Kathmandu Valley and marked the end of Malla period.

Major Kings
Jayasthitimalla (or Jayasthiti Malla) is known as the best successor of
the whole Malla dynasty. He was of Tirhut origins and had married the
granddaughter of Devaladevi, who was a queen regent of the Nepal
Valley at the time.
By 1370 Jayasthiti Malla controlled Yala, and in 1374 his forces
defeated those in Bhota and Yangleshö Pharping. He then took full
control of the country from 1382 until 1395, reigning in Khowpa as the
husband of the queen and in Yala with full regal titles. His authority was
not absolute because the lords of Bhota: were able to pass themselves off
as kings to ambassadors of the Chinese Ming emperor who traveled to
Nepal during this time. Nevertheless, Jayasthiti Malla united the entire
valley and its environs under his sole rule, an accomplishment still
remembered with pride by Nepalese, particularly Newars. The first
comprehensive codification of law in Nepal, based on the dharma of
ancient religious textbooks, is ascribed to Jayasthitimalla. This
legendary compilation of traditions was seen as the source of legal
reforms during the 19th and 20th centuries. He is also the first king to
start commercial education in Nepal.

Pratap Malla (1624–74 A.D.), of Malla dynasty of Nepal, was the ninth
king of Kantipur (reign 1641–74 A.D.) after the division of
the Kathmandu Valley into three kingdoms. He attempted to unify
Kathmandu Valley by conquering Lalitpur and Bhaktapur, but failed in
the effort. He was successful in extending and securing the borders of
Kantipur and was responsible for the monopoly over trade with Tibet.
The resulting prosperity was responsible for the construction of majority
of the buildings around Durbar Square during his reign. His reign is seen
as a cultural and economic high point of the Malla dynasty.
He built several important architectural design and statues. Some
important mentions are:
a. Krishna Temple
b. Pratap Malla’s column
c. Kal Bhairab Statue
 d. Stone Inscription
e. Rani Pokhari
f. Gai Jatra
g. Swayambhunath renovation

Jayayakshya Malla (often named Yaksha Malla for short) was a Malla
Dynasty king of Nepal from around 1428 to 1482. He enlarged the
boundaries of Nepal and developed infrastructure. He divided his lands
among his sons, effectively ending the possibility of a unified Nepal for
some time. He encircled Khowpa, Bhaktapur city with moats and
defense walls pierced with defense gates and ordered the construction of
The Palace of Fifty-five Windows (Bhaktapur's Royal Palace).[1] The
palace would later be remodelled by Bhupatindra Malla in the
seventeenth century.
He constructed the Pashupatinath Temple, a replica of the temple by
the Bagmati River in Yein Kathmandu and the Siddha Pokhari, a large
rectangular water tank located near the main city gate of
Khowpa Bhaktapur. He is also credited as the founder of Yaksheswar
Temple now standing in the palace complex.
Jayasthiti Malla Jayayakshya Malla Pratap Malla

Conclusion
The Malla era shaped the religious as well as artistic landscape,
introducing the dramatic chariot festivals of Indra
Jatra and Matsyendranath. After the defeat of the Malla Kings, their
surviving descendants left the valley and settled in different parts of
Nepal.Their descendants have been using surnames like Raghubansi,
Rajbanshi, Pradhananga. Like every other dynasty, they rose, got to top,
and lost their power but we can still see their contribution in our history
and culture till this day.