Hypor Libra Nueva de Alimentacion PDF

SOW AND GILT
FEEDING GUIDE
HYPOR LIBRA*
VERSION 3.0
1
1 INTRODUCTION
Sows are the economic engine of swine production and define the prolificacy and maximum
productivity of the entire system. While they are a small portion of the whole herd they consume
approximately 20% of the feed farrow to finish. Genetic selection has continued to improve the
reproductive output of sows and use of genomics will only increase the pace of change.
The sow and gilt feeding program presented in this manual outlines nutrient specifications for
gestation and lactation diets. Wherever possible we have used the most recent scientific and
technical information available in the development of these nutrient specifications. Due to the
regional differences in ingredient availability we have provided both a lower and higher energy
dietary specifications.
2 FEEDING CONCEPTS
In gestation we are feeding the sow to ensure the following: the production of adequate number
of piglets of acceptable body weight; properly developed mammary gland for the optimal
production of milk and colostrum; target body weight and body condition are achieved by
farrowing without compromising subsequent performance.
In lactation we are feeding to support increased milk production associated with larger litter sizes.
Ideally, we want to treat each sow as an individual but in practise that can be difficult. We also
want to minimize the amount of body weight lost to prevent rebreeding issues.
2 HYPOR SOW AND GILT FEEDING GUIDE - HYPOR LIBRA *

3 MANAGEMENT AND FEEDING GOALS
The information in Table 1 outlines the feeding strategy and diet to be fed to a properly
conditioned sow or gilt at varying stages during gestation and lactation. Due to the regional
differences in ingredient availability we have provided both a lower and higher energy dietary
specifications for both gestation and lactation diets. The amount of feed presented in Table 1 is
based on these specifications, which can be found in Tables 4, 5, 6 and 7.
Table 1: Sow and Gilt Feeding Guidelines
High Energy Diets Low Energy Diets

Stage of Production Diet
Feed Amount, kg Feed Amount, kg
Pre-breeding Gilt Full Feed Full Feed Gestation
Breeding: Day -5 to 0 (Flushing)
Gilt 2.7 3.0 Gestation + Sugarb
Sow 2.7 3.0 Gestation + Sugarb
Gestation: Day 1 to 28 (Feed to Condition)
Gilta 2.2 2.4 Gestation
Sowa 2.2 2.4 Gestation
Gestation: Day 29 to 84
Gilt 1.8 2.0 Gestation
Sow 1.9 2.1 Gestation
Gestation: Day 85 to 113 (Bump-up)
Gilt 2.7 3.0 Gestation
Sow 2.5 2.8 Gestation
Pre-Farrow (2-4 days) 1.8 2.5 Lactation
Lactation: Day 0 to 1 1.8 2.5 Lactation
Lactation: Day 2 to 10 Increase 0.5 to 1.5 kg/day Lactation
Lactation: Day 10 to weaning Full Feed Lactation
a
Assumes proper condition upon arrival.
b
200 to 250 g per day.
Within gestation, there are three separate physiological phases or stages: Stage one consists of
the first four weeks post-breeding. Embryos attach to the uterus at 12 to 14 days post fertilization
and during this time embryo mortality can reach up to 50 percent. Progesterone secretion in early
pregnancy supports embryo survival by preparing the uterus for implantation. It also influences
the secretion of proteins that enhance embryo survival.
The second stage of gestation occurs from day 29 to day 85. During this period, there is an
opportunity to reach target sow/gilt body condition or back fat level (Table 2). It is preferable
to have the gilts and sows enter the gestation barn in proper condition. Care must be taken to
ensure that some degree of feed restriction occurs in gestation, since high gestation feed intakes
have been shown to reduce subsequent lactation feed intakes. For gilts, maximal mammary
development occurs between days 70 to 105. Excess energy intake has been shown to be
detrimental to mammary development.
3
Table 2: Guidelines For Adjusting Sow Body Condition
Body Condition Score at Mating
Item Unit 1 2 3 4 5
Back fat measurement mm <12.0 12.0-14.9 15.0-17.9 18.0-21 >21
Body weight loss kg >20 10-15 5
Increase/decrease in feed amount kg +20% +10% 0% -10% -20%
The third stage of gestation takes place during the final two weeks prior to farrowing. During this
time, there is rapid fetal growth so increasing feed intake will help support higher birth weights and
will prevent sows from losing weight and possibly from becoming catabolic. During this period we
recommend higher gilt feed intake not only to boost birth weight, but to aid in their development,
increase their intake capacity during lactation and to support large litters.
Lactation is especially demanding and feed intake is critical to support the growth and
development of the litter. Prior to farrowing (2 to 4 days) we recommend that sows and gilts
are switched to lactation feed and the feed allowance reduced by 0.3 to 1.0 kg. The day after
farrowing, the feed allowance should be a minimum of 1.8 to 2.5 kg (depending on energy level
of the diet) but may be as high as 3.0 or 4.0 kg. The amount of feed offered should increase
rapidly over the next few days by a minimum of 0.5 kg per day but could range as high as 1 to
1.5 kg. Being too restrictive (to avoid udder congestion, hypogalactia, scouring, etc.) reduces total
lactation feed intake and is simply weaning weight potential that will never be realised.
Ideally feed in lactation should be split equally over 3 or 4 feedings or provided ad libitum. We do
recommend higher lactation feed intake in gilts as they are continuing to grow and gain muscle
mass, while supporting a large litter. An alternative strategy is to use a gilt lactation diet with a
higher digestible lysine level, however, that is generally not feasible unless the farm is starting up or
has parity segregation. Specifications for a gilt lactation diet are included in Tables 8 and 9.

4 DIETARY ENERGY
This guide specifies energy as NRC (2012) Net Energy (NE), however, values for NE and ME are
provided. The Metabolisable Energy (ME) system is adequate for describing available energy for
simple diets, however, with increasing use of higher fibre ingredients NE is a more accurate method
of measuring available energy. Nutritionists can adapt the specified lysine:NE relationships to their
own system. Adjustments in NE for hot environmental temperature or for fat added diets will
require adjusting lysine levels to keep lysine:NE constant.
5 IDEAL AMINO ACID PATTERN
For optimum performance, all amino acids must meet or exceed the requirement. The NRC (2012)
has defined the ideal balance of amino acids for each stage of production. NRC (2012) served as
the basis for these recommendations; however, modifications have been made to the ratios based
on internal research and external validations in commercial environments around the world. Ratios
are normally expressed in relation to lysine as in most cases it is likely to be the first limiting amino
acid. Since ingredients differ in their digestibility, standardized ileal digestible (SID) amino acid
values are preferred when formulating diets that are more complex than corn-soybean meal diets.
This guide specifies the SID lysine requirement.
6 ENERGY EVALUATION SYSTEMS
Different energy evaluation systems are used in other areas of the world. In this publication we use
NRC (2012) NE as a base. The following conversions in Table 3 are given as general guidelines.
Differences in digestibility and ingredient composition of diets will impact energy content.
Table 3: Energy Conversion Factors
Mcal = Kcal / 1000 Kcal = Mcal x 1000
MJ = Mcal x 4.184 Mcal = MJ / 4.184
DE = ME / 0.96 ME = DE x 0.96
NE = ME x 0.74 ME = NE / 0.74
EW = NE/2100 NE = EW x 2100
5
7 GESTATION RECOMMENDATIONS
The dietary specifications for gestation are presented in Tables 4, 5, 6 and 7. Table 4 outlines
the nutrient recommendations for sows and gilts based on a single phase feeding program using
low energy diets. Table 5 outlines a two phase feeding program for sows using low energy diets.
Table 6 outlines the nutrient recommendations for sows and gilts based on a single phase feeding
program using high energy diets. Table 7 outlines a two phase feeding program for sows using
high energy diets. Figures 1 and 2 outline the various feed curves based on the energy intake
recommended by stage of gestation and the energy level of the diets.
Table 4: Hypor Nutrient Recommendations for Gestation (Single Phase, Low Energy Diets)
Nutrient Unita Gilt Sow
NRC ME Kcal/kg 2890 2890
MJ/kg 12.09 12.09
NRC NE Kcal/kg 2140 2140
MJ/kg 8.95 8.95
EW EW/kg 1.02 1.02
Energy Intake (NRC NE) Kcal/d MJ/d Kcal/d MJ/d
Day 0 -28 5160 21.59 5160 21.59
Day 29-84 4300 17.99 4515 18.89
Day 85-113 6450 26.99 6020 25.19
Nutrient Unit Min Max Min Max
Crude Protein % 13.0 16.0 13.0 16.0
Crude Fat % 3.5 6.0 3.5 6.0
Crude Fibre % 7.5 15.0 7.5 15.0
Starch + Sugar % 31.5 32.5 31.5 32.5
SID Lysine % 0.54 0.54
SID Methionine Ratio 35 35
SID Methionine + Cysteine Ratio 70 70
SID Threonine Ratio 76 76
SID Tryptophan Ratio 21 21
SID Isoleucine Ratio 58 58
SID Valine Ratio 62 62
Min Max Min Max
Calcium % 0.65 0.75 0.65 0.75
Available Phosphorusb % 0.29 0.31
Digestible Phosphorusb % 0.25 0.27
Sodium % 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25
a
Amounts are expressed as the concentration per kilogram of complete diet. Values must be adapted to local legislation.
b
Available phosphorus (total phosphorus – inositol phosphorus) values are based on diets formulated without phytase.
Digestible phosphorus is defined as (phosphorus intake – fecal phosphorus) /phosphorus intake. Care must be taken when
using phytase in reproductive animal diets, especially when diets are heat treated.

Table 5: Hypor Nutrient Recommendations for Gestation (Sows, 2 Phase, Low Energy Diets)
Nutrient Unita Day 0-80 Day >80
MJ/kg 11.65 12.22
MJ/kg 8.62 9.04
EW EW/kg 0.98 1.02
Day 0-80 4532 18.96
Day 81-113 6048 25.30
Crude Protein % 12.5 14.5 13.5 16.0
Crude Fat % 3.5 6.0 3.5 6.0
Crude Fibre % 7.5 15.0 6.5 15.0
Starch + Sugar % 25.0 30.0 31.5 32.5
Min Max Min Max
Calcium % 0.60 0.75 0.70 0.75
Sodium % 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25
a
b
7
Figure 1: Gestation Feed Intake Curves for Low Energy Diets
3,2
Feed Intake (kg)
3
2,8
2,6
2,4
2,2
2
1,8
1,6
1,4
111
115
-5
-1
3
7
11
15
19
23
27
31
35
39
47
43
51
55
59
63
67
71
75
79
87
91
83
95
99
103
107
Sow (1 phase) Gilt (1 phase) Sow (2 phase) Days

Table 6: Hypor Nutrient Recommendations for Gestation (Single Phase, High Energy Diets)
MJ/kg 13.39 13.39
MJ/kg 9.94 9.94
EW EW/kg 1.13 1.13
Day 0-28 5160 21.59 5160 21.59
Day 29-84 4300 17.99 4515 18.89
Day 85-113 6450 26.99 6020 25.19
Nutrient Unita Min Max Min Max
Crude Protein % 13.0 16.0 13.0 16.0
Crude Fat % 3.5 6.0 3.5 6.0
Crude Fibre % 4.0 8.0 4.0 8.0
Starch + Sugar % 31.5 32.5 31.5 32.5
Min Max Min Max
Calcium % 0.70 0.80 0.70 0.80
Sodium % 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25
a
b
9
Table 7: Hypor Nutrient Recommendations for Gestation (Sows, 2 Phase, High Energy Diets)
MJ/kg 12.84 13.45
MJ/kg 9.50 9.96
EW EW/kg 1.08 1.13
Day 0-80 4540 18.99
Day 81-113 6038 25.26
Crude Protein % 12.5 15.0 13.5 16.0
Crude Fat % 3.0 5.5 3.5 6.0
Crude Fibre % 4.0 8.0 4.0 8.0
Starch + Sugar % 28.0 31.5 31.5 32.5
Min Max Min Max
Calcium % 0.70 0.80 0.75 0.80
Sodium % 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25
a
Amounts are expressed as the concentration per kilogram of complete diet. Values must be adapted to local legislation
b

Figure 2: Gestation Feed Intake Curve High Energy Diets
3,2
Feed Intake (kg)
3
2,8
2,6
2,4
2,2
2
1,8
1,6
1,4
-5
-1
3
7
11
15
19
23
27
31
47
91
111
115
35
39
43
51
55
59
63
67
71
75
79
87
83
95
99
103
107
Sow (1 phase) Gilt (1 phase) Sow (2 phase) Days
8 LACTATION RECOMMENDATIONS
The dietary specifications for lactation are presented in Tables 8 and 9. Table 8 outlines the nutrient
recommendations for sows and gilts based on low energy diets and Table 9 outlines the nutrient
recommendations for sows and gilts based on high energy diets. Figure 3 outlines feed curves for
sows and gilts and provides a range of acceptable intakes as a guideline. In extremely hot or humid
environments sow intakes will be lower than expected and diet density will have to be adjusted
accordingly.
11
Table 8: Hypor Nutrient Recommendations for Lactation (Low Energy Diets)
MJ/kg 12.89 12.89
MJ/kg 9.54 9.54
EW 1.08 1.08
SID Lysine: NE 3.64 3.51
SID Lysine: EW 0.77 0.74
Min Max Min Max
Crude Protein % 16.0 18.0 16.0 18.0
Crude Fat % 4.0 6.5 4.0 6.5
Crude Fibre % 4.5 7.5 4.5 7.5
Starch + Sugar % 37.0 37.0
Min Max Min Max
Calcium % 0.95 1.05 0.95 1.05
Available Phosphorus b
% 0.43 0.43
Sodium % 0.20 0.28 0.20 0.28
a
b

Table 9: Hypor Nutrient Recommendations for Lactation (High Energy Diets)
MJ/kg 13.51 13.51
MJ/kg 10.00 10.00
EW 1.14 1.14
SID Lysine: NE 3.97 3.77
SID Lysine: EW 0.83 0.79
Min Max Min Max
Crude Protein % 16.0 18.0 16.0 18.0
Crude Fat % 4.0 8.0 4.0 8.0
Crude Fibre % 3.0 5.0 3.0 5.0
Starch + Sugar % 37.0 37.0
SID Methionine ratio 32 32
SID Methionine + Cysteine ratio 61 61
SID Threonine ratio 69 69
SID Tryptophan ratio 21 21
SID Isoleucine ratio 57 57
SID Valine ratio 75 75
Min Max Min Max
Calcium % 0.95 1.05 0.95 1.05
Available Phosphorus b
% 0.43 0.43
Sodium % 0.20 0.28 0.20 0.28
a
b
13
Figure 3: Lactation Intake Curve
12
Feed Intake (kg)
10
0
11
13
0
2
3
12
14
1
17
9
8
15
27
28
5
16
10
18
19
20
21
23
24
22
25
26
6
4
Sow Gilt Min Max Days

9 VITAMIN AND TRACE MINERAL ADDITION RATES
Recommendations were established based on comparisons with several references and consultation
with various Universities and major nutrition providers. Values shown in Table 10 assume addition
of the micronutrient and give no credit to ingredients.
Table 10: Hypor Sow Vitamin and Mineral Recommendationsa,b
Nutrient Unit Gestation Lactation
Vitamin A IU/kg 12000 14000
Vitamin D IU/kg 1500 1000
Vitamin Ec IU/kg 70 100
Vitamin K mg/kg 2.0 3.0
Choline mg/kg 750 250
Niacin mg/kg 50 100
Riboflavin (B2) mg/kg 5.0 7.5
d-Pantothenate mg/kg 15 17.5
Vitamin B12 mcg/kg 50 100
Folic Acid mcg/kg 4.0 3.0
d-Biotin mcg/kg 200 500
Thiamine (B1) mg/kg 2.0 3.0
Pyridoxine (B6) mg/kg 3.0 4.0
Zinc mg/kg 100 100
Iron mg/kg 140 100
Manganese mg/kg 40 45
Magnesium g/kg 0.4 0.75
Copper mg/kg 15 15
Iodine mg/kg 1.5 2.0
Selenium mg/kg 0.3 0.3
a
Use of sow VTM is recommended for gilt rearing diets from a minimum of 65 kg of body weight. Recommended values
must be adapted to local legislation.
b
Pelleting and/or expanding decreases vitamin stability by 10 – 12% and 15-20% respectively. Consult your vitamin
manufacturer to verify the extent of damage so additional fortification can be made as required.
c
Add 5 IU of Vitamin E/kg of complete diet for each 1% fat above 3% total dietary fat.
Disclaimer
This brochure has been prepared by Hypor B.V. to inform the reader of its activities in the widest
sense and is by no means intended to be complete, not even on the aspects mentioned herein,
and there are no implied or explicit guarantees given by Hypor B.V. and its shareholders as to
the accuracy and completeness of the provided information in this brochure.
15
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SOW AND GILT

2 HYPOR SOW AND GILT FEEDING GUIDE - HYPOR LIBRA *

Table 1: Sow and Gilt Feeding Guidelines

High Energy Diets Low Energy Diets

Pre-breeding Gilt Full Feed Full Feed Gestation

Breeding: Day -5 to 0 (Flushing)

Gilt 2.7 3.0 Gestation + Sugarb

Sow 2.7 3.0 Gestation + Sugarb

Gestation: Day 1 to 28 (Feed to Condition)

Gilta 2.2 2.4 Gestation

Sowa 2.2 2.4 Gestation

Gilt 1.8 2.0 Gestation

Sow 1.9 2.1 Gestation

Gestation: Day 85 to 113 (Bump-up)

Gilt 2.7 3.0 Gestation

Sow 2.5 2.8 Gestation

Pre-Farrow (2-4 days) 1.8 2.5 Lactation

Lactation: Day 0 to 1 1.8 2.5 Lactation

Lactation: Day 2 to 10 Increase 0.5 to 1.5 kg/day Lactation

Lactation: Day 10 to weaning Full Feed Lactation

Body Condition Score at Mating

Back fat measurement mm <12.0 12.0-14.9 15.0-17.9 18.0-21 >21

Body weight loss kg >20 10-15 5

Increase/decrease in feed amount kg +20% +10% 0% -10% -20%

4 HYPOR SOW AND GILT FEEDING GUIDE - HYPOR LIBRA *

5 IDEAL AMINO ACID PATTERN

6 ENERGY EVALUATION SYSTEMS

Table 3: Energy Conversion Factors

Mcal = Kcal / 1000 Kcal = Mcal x 1000

MJ = Mcal x 4.184 Mcal = MJ / 4.184

Nutrient Unita Gilt Sow

NRC ME Kcal/kg 2890 2890

MJ/kg 12.09 12.09

NRC NE Kcal/kg 2140 2140

MJ/kg 8.95 8.95

EW EW/kg 1.02 1.02

Energy Intake (NRC NE) Kcal/d MJ/d Kcal/d MJ/d

Day 0 -28 5160 21.59 5160 21.59

Day 29-84 4300 17.99 4515 18.89

Day 85-113 6450 26.99 6020 25.19

Nutrient Unit Min Max Min Max

Crude Protein % 13.0 16.0 13.0 16.0

Crude Fat % 3.5 6.0 3.5 6.0

Crude Fibre % 7.5 15.0 7.5 15.0

Starch + Sugar % 31.5 32.5 31.5 32.5

SID Lysine % 0.54 0.54

SID Methionine Ratio 35 35

SID Methionine + Cysteine Ratio 70 70

SID Threonine Ratio 76 76

SID Tryptophan Ratio 21 21

SID Isoleucine Ratio 58 58

SID Valine Ratio 62 62

Min Max Min Max

Calcium % 0.65 0.75 0.65 0.75

Available Phosphorusb % 0.29 0.31

Digestible Phosphorusb % 0.25 0.27

Sodium % 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25

6 HYPOR SOW AND GILT FEEDING GUIDE - HYPOR LIBRA *

Nutrient Unita Day 0-80 Day >80

NRC ME Kcal/kg 2785 2920

MJ/kg 11.65 12.22

NRC NE Kcal/kg 2060 2160

MJ/kg 8.62 9.04