DSR SM Bhagalpur

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF BHAGALPUR
12/25/2018
17/08/2018 Stone Mineral
As per Notification no. S.O.3611 (E) New Delhi, the 25th, July, 2018 of Ministry of
Environment Forest and Climate change, Government of India
Submitted to
Under Secretary
Mines & Geology Department, Government of Bihar
Prepared by
INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENT & ECO- DEVELOPMENT, PATNA
Ground Floor, Shyam Nagar Colony, Maurya Path, Khajpura P.O. B.V. College,
Patna-800014, Bihar, India E-mail- ieedindia2@gmail.com Website-
www.ieedindia.in Tel.: 0612-2590373, Telefax- 0612-2590373 M-+91-
9472919161, 7004620817
PREFACE
The Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Government of India,
made Environmental Clearance (EC) for mining of minerals mandatory through its Notification
of 27th January, 1994 under the provisions of Environment Protection Act, 1986. Keeping in
view the experience gained in environmental clearance process over a period of one decade, the
MoEF&CC came out with Environmental Impact Notification, SO 1533 (E), dated 14th
September 2006. Now again Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC),
Government of India amended the notification S.O. 141(E) Dated 15th January, 2016 videS.O.
3611(E) Dated 25th July, 2018. It has been made mandatory to obtain environmental clearance
for different kinds of development projects as listed in Appendix-X of the Notification.
Further, in pursuance to the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court dated the 27th February, 2012 in
I.A. No.12- 13 of 2011 in Special Leave Petition (C) No.19628-19629 of 2009, in the matter of
Deepak Kumar etc. Vs. State of Haryana and Others etc., prior environmental clearance has now
become mandatory for mining of minor minerals irrespective of the area of mining lease; And
also in view of the Hon’ble National Green Tribunal, order dated the 13th January, 2015 in the
matter regarding sand mining has directed for making a policy on environmental clearance for
mining leases in cluster for minor Minerals, The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change in consultation with State governments has prepared Guidelines on Sustainable Sand
Mining detailing the provisions on environmental clearance for cluster, creation of District
Environment Impact Assessment Authority and proper monitoring of minor mineral mining
using information technology and information technology enabled services to track the mined
out material from source to destination.
The DEIAA and DEAC will scrutinize and recommend the prior environmental clearance of
mining of minor minerals on the basis of District Survey Report. This will a model and guiding
document which is a compendium of available mineral resources, geographical set up,
environmental and ecological set up of the district and replenishment of minerals and is based on
data of various departments, published reports, journals and websites. The District Survey Report
will form the basis for application for environmental clearance, preparation of reports and
appraisal of projects. The Report will be updated once every five years.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 1

OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the preparation of District Survey Report is to ensure the following –
 Identification of mineral wealth in the district.
 Identification of areas of Minor Mineral having the potential mineral where mining
can be allowed. And
 Identification of areas of proximity to infrastructural structures and installations
where mining should be prohibited.

INDEX
Sl. No. Chapters Page No.

1 Introduction 4
2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District 8
3 General Profile of the District 15
4 Geology of the District 21
5 Drainage of Irrigation pattern 23
6 Land Utilization Pattern in the District : Forest, Agricultural, Horticulture, 25
Mining etc.;
7 Surface Water and Ground Water scenario of the district; 28
8 Rainfall of the district and climatic condition 33
9 Details of the mining leases in the District 35
10 Details of Royalty or Revenue received in last three years 36
11 Details of Production of Minor Minerals in last three years 37
12 Mineral Map of the District 38
13 List of letter of Intent (LOI) Holders in the District along with its validity 39
14 Total Mineral Reserve available in the District 40
15 Quality/ Grade of Mineral available in the district 48
16 Use of Mineral 49
17 Demand and supply of the Mineral in last three years 50
18 Mining Lease marked on the map of the district 51
19 Details of cluster of mining lease viz. number of mining lease location (Latitude 52
and longitude)
20 Eco Sensitive area in the district 53
21 Impact on the Environment (Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Flora & Fauna, Land use, 55
Agriculture, forest etc.) due to mining activity
22 Remedial measure to mitigate the impact of mining on the environment 58
23 Reclamation on mined out area in the district 60
24 Risk assessment and disaster management plan 61
25 Details of occupational health ( Last five year Data of number of patient of 65
Silicosis & Tuberculosis)
26 Plantation and Green Belt Development in respect of lease already granted 66
27 References 68

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Historical Perspective:-
Bhagalpur, being an important junction between Delhi and Bengal, continued to be a popular
destination throughout the medieval history. However,the fate of the city swayed between the
fortunes of the kings of Delhi and the rulers of Bengal. Various grandees passed by this
important city and have left their mark. During the Tughlaq period it was a mint town and was
greatly partronised by the Mughals. A number of educational institutions were popular in
medieval Bhagalpur. Jehangir awarded jagirs for the upkeep of a resident madarsa founded by
Maulana Shahbaz, a scholar and a saint who was an authourity on Mohammadan law and
tradition.
Location, Area and Administrative Details:-

Bhagalpur is a city of historical importance on the southern banks of the river Ganges in the
Indian state of Bihar. It is the 3rd largest
city of Bihar and also the headquarters of
Bhagalpur district and Bhagalpur division.
Known as Silk City, it is a major
educational, commercial, and political
centre, and listed for development under the
Smart City program, a joint venture between
Government and industry. The Gangetic
plains surrounding the city are very fertile
and the main crops include rice, wheat,
maize, barley, and oilseeds. The river is
home to the Gangetic dolphin, the National
Aquatic Animal of India, and the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary is established near
the town. The district Bhagalpur is located in the eastern part of the state and extends between
the Gangetic alluvium plain covering an area of 2570 Sq.km. It is bounded by the district
Munger in the west, Sahebganj and Katihar in the east, Madhepura and Purnea in the north and
Banka in the south. Bhagalpur Sadar, Kahalgaon and Naugachhia are the three sub-divisions of
the district with a total of sixteen community development blocks namely Pirpainti, Kahalgoan,
Sanhaula, Sabour, Nathnagar, Jagdishpur, Sultanganjpurushottam (thana road), Sahkund, Bihpur,
Navgachia, Gopalpur, Kharik, Narayanpur, Gauradih, Ismailpur and Rangrachowk. As per the
2011 Census, the total population of the district stands at 3032226. The density of population is
743 per sq.km.

Topography:-
The landscape of the district comprises Gangatic plane area and the hilly area which is the part of
Santhal Pargana. The Gangatic plane is rich in agriculture.
General Geology:-
The Predominant Geological Formation in the district Quaternary Formations, Basement
Precambrian Granitic Gneiss with few exposures as Inliers. An ancient crystalline rock called the
Archean 'gneiss covers the greater part of the district in the western and south western parts. It
stretches from a few 'kilometers north of Godda to about 30 kilometres, south of Dumka.
Towards the east these crystalline rocks are covered with thick flows of volcanic lava which
forms the Rajmahal hills that stretches approximately 150 kilometres from near Sakrigali
Railway station southwa~ds' along the border of Birbhum District. A narrow strip of lower
gondwana rocks skirt the lower formation along its western margin. The ancient crystalline rocks
are collectively 'called the Archean Gneisses the principal 'rock of which is granitoid gneiss. It
contains inclusions of older dark hornbl'enudic and pyroxenic rock withigranolitic structures. It
alternates with homblemdic and rnicacious schists and contain felspars of salmon white colour.
Geomorphologically, the district Bhagalpur forms a part of the Mid-Ganga Foreland Basin. The
north and central Bhagalpur towards the north and south of Ganga respectively forms a flat
IndoGangetic alluvium tract (parts of the North Bihar Plains and Central Bihar Plains
respectively). The southern part of the district forms a marginal alluvial tract. The general
elevation of the alluvium tract remains within 45 m above mean sea level (amsl). The master
slope of region at both north and south is towards the river Ganga. There are some detached hard
rock bodies of pre-cambrian age, which stand out as prominent peaks (inliers) within the alluvial
plains. Among these, the highest one is at Shahkund with a height of 143 m.
Basin/Sub-Basin and Drainage:-
The part of the district towards the south of the river Ganga falls in the Badua- Koa Sub-Basin
and the area to north of Ganga falls in the Baghmati - Kosi sub-basin. These two sub-basins are
parts of Mid-Ganga basin in Bihar. The district is principally drained by the river Ganga, which
enters the district at Sultanganj. The northern boundary of the district is marked by the river Kosi
(Ghugri) known to be heavily laden with silt and sand. The river Ganga has two major tributaries
joining from south; Badua and Koa. Apart from these, a number of ephemeral streams such as
Gahra, Chanan, Kadwa, Gerua and Bhena from Chotnagpur plateau join the mighty Ganga.
Agriculture:-
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of the district and also the main source of
livelihood of the people. Though Bhagalpur has an agro-based economy, agriculture is largely
restricted only to khariff season due to lack of adequate irrigation facilities. Paddy, maize and
lentils are the important crops of the district. A large ground water resource in the district has
been remained untapped.

LOCATION OF BHAGALPUR DISTRICT IN THE MAP OF BIHAR:-

Connectivity:-
Bhagalpur is well connected to the rest of the state and India by rail, road and air connections.
By Air: -
Patna the capital city of Bihar is the nearest Airport from Bhagalpur . Patna is linked by
regular flights to important cities like: Delhi, Kolkata Varanasi, Lucknow and so on. One can
also reach Patna from Katmandu.
By Road:-
A convenient road network covers

Bhagalpur connecting it to a number
of important cities in Bihar, such as:
Patna (235 km), Muzaffarpur (242
km), which are in turn linked to rest of
the country. Other important
destinations in Bihar, namely;
Bodhgaya (250kms), Rajgir (187kms),
Nalanda (185kms) lie close by.
By Rail:-
Bhagalpur district is well connected

with railway network. Bhagalpur is
major railway station in Bhagalpur
district. It is connected with state
capital as well Ranchi and other
major parts of India.

CHAPTER-2
OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY IN THE DISTRICT
Topography:-
General Geology:-
The Predominant Geological Formation in the districtQuaternary Formations, Basement
Precambrian Granitic Gneiss with few exposures as Inliers. An ancient crystalline rock called the
Archean 'gneiss covers the greater part of the district in the western and south western parts. It
stretcnes from a few 'kilometers north of Godda to about 30 kilometres, south of Dumka.
Towards the east these crystalline rocks are covered with thick flows of volcanic lava which
forms the Rajmahal hills that stretches approximately 150 kilometres from near Sakrigali
Railway station southwa~ds' along the border of Birbhum District. A narrow strip of lower
gondwana rocks skirt the lower formation along its western margin. The ancient crystalline rocks
are collectively 'called the Archean Gneisses the principal 'rock of which is granitoid gneiss. It
contains inclusions of older dark hornbl'enudic and pyroxenic rock withigranolitic structures. It
alternates with homblemdic and rnicacious schists and contain felspars of salmon white colour.
Geomorphology:-
the district Bhagalpur forms a part of the Mid-Ganga Foreland Basin. The north and central
Bhagalpur towards the north and south of Ganga respectively forms a flat IndoGangetic alluvium
tract (parts of the North Bihar Plains and Central Bihar Plains respectively). The southern part of
the district forms a marginal alluvial tract. The general elevation of the alluvium tract remains
within 45 m above mean sea level (amsl). The master slope of region at both north and south is
towards the river Ganga. There are some detached hard rock bodies of pre-cambrian age, which
stand out as prominent peaks (inliers) within the alluvial plains. Among these, the highest one is
at Shahkund with a height of 143 m.
Availability of Mineral resources:-
The mineral resources of Bhagalpur district playing massive role in industrial, social and
economic development of the district.
Available mineral resources in the district
 Stones
 Quartzite
 sand

STONE DEPOSITS IN BHAGALPUR DISTRICT
1. BHADESHAR HILL
(NEAR NTPC)
VILLAGE:-SALEMPUR SAINI
P.S.:- KAHALGAON
BLOCK:-KAHALGAON
DISTT. : - BHAGALPUR
GPS COORDINATES
Corner point LATITUDE (N ) LONGITUDE (E )
A 25.262772 87.293438
B 25.259908 87.291158
C 25.260211 87.295083
D 25.256678 87.294120
2. KASHRI HILL
VILLAGE :- KASHRI
MAUZA :-ANTICHAK
BLOCK :- KAHALGAON
DISTT. :- BHAGALPUR
GPS COORDINATES
A 25.299747 87.268948
B 25.306404 87.276299
C 25.316158 87.270393
D 25.309645 87.267882

3. GANGALDEI HILL
VILLAGE: - MASUDANPUR
BLOCK: - KAHALGAON
GPS COORDINATES
A 25.285492 87.254921
B 25.284513 87.257228
C 25.281417 87.256972
D 25.283271 87.254262
4. SALEMPUR HILL:-
MAUZA: - SALEMPUR
P. S.:- PIRPAINTHI
BLOCK: - PIRPAINTHI
GPS COORDINATES
Corner point LATUTUDE (N ) LONGITUDE ( E )
A 25.268635 87.482478
B 25.273998 87.483549
C 25.281346 87.484518
D 25.276358 87.480276

5. MANIKPUR HILL
VILLAGE: - MANIKPUR
MAUZA: - TUNDWA MUNDWA
P .S. - PIRPAINTHI
BLOCK: - PIRPAINTHI
GPS COORDINATES
Corner point LATITUDE (N ) LONGITUDE ( E )
A 25.310259 87.431582
B 25.312348 87.428483
C 25.308989 87.427656
D 25.307587 87.430254
6. PURANI KHERHI
MAUZA: - PURANI KHERHI
P .S.:- SAHKUND
BLOCK: - SAHKUND
GPS COORDINATES
Corner point LATITUDE ( N ) LONGITUDE ( E )
A 25.165365 86.818101
B 25.160834 86.812506
C 25.152463 86.811187
D 25.158979 86.815889

7. JAGARIA HILL
P. S.:- SAHKUND
BLOCK: - SAHKUND
DISTT. :- BHAGALPUR
GPS COORDINATES
A 25.148118 86.805669
B 25.144389 86.812083
C 25.151126 86.809227
D 25.149940 86.812293
8. PANCHKATHIA
MAUZA:-PANCHKATHIA
P . S.:-SAHKUND
BLOCK: - SAHKUND
DISTT. :- BHAGALPUR
GPS COORDINATES
A 25.144957 86.818826
B 25.146256 86.820249
C 25.148703 86.822461
D 25.148130 86.820042

9. VALINAGAR
MAUZA:-SAHKUND
BLOCK:-SAHKUND
DISTT. :- BHAGALPUR
GPS COORDINATES
A 25.171891 86.823234
B 25.172902 86.825421
C 25.173954 86.823670
D 25.174542 86.826199
10 . BANAMA
P. S. :-AKBARNAGAR
BLOCK :-SAHKUND
DISTT. :- BHAGALPUR
GPS COORDINATES
Corner point LATITUDE (N ) LONGITUDE ( E )
A 25.148457 86.825396
B 25.149189 86.827255
C 25.152329 86.828231
D 25.150277 86.826635

11. PARMANPUR
P. S.: - SAHKUND
BLOCK: SAHKUND
DISTT-.BHAGALPUR
GPS COORDINATES
Corner point LATITUDE ( N ) LONGITUDE ( E )
A 25.164690 86.844677
B 25.166594 86.845719
C 25.167680 86.847585
D 25.165534 86.846689

CHAPTER-3
GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

Sl Items Statistics
No.
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
I. Geographical Area (Sq. 2,570 sq.km.
Km.)
Administrative Divisions Bhagalpur, Kahalgaon, Naugachhia
No. of Panchayats/Villages
II. Population (As per 2011 Census) Rural: 2432126
Urban: 600100
III. Average Annual 1148.52
Rainfall (mm)
2 GEOMORPHOLOGY
Major Physiographic Units 1. Flat Indo-Gangetic
Alluvium Tract
2. Marginal Alluvium Tract
Major Drainages Ganga, Gerua, Chanan and Andhari
3 LAND USE

a) Forest Area Nil
b) Net Area Sown 1850 sq.km
c) Cultivable Area 1930 sq. km
4 MAJOR SOIL TYPES Vertisols, inceptisols, entisols.
5 AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS
6 IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT
SOURCES
(Areas and Number of Structures)
Dugwells 2244
Tubewells/Borewells (STW) 10598
Tanks/ponds 6
Canals 3
Other Sources 3 - 15
Net Irrigated Area 666 sq. km (35 % of net sown
area)
Gross Irrigated Area 790 sq. km
7 NUMBER OF GROUND WATER
MONITERING WELLS OF CGWB
(2011)
No. of Dugwells 09
No. of Piezometers Nil
8 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL 1. Quaternary Formations
FORMATIONS 2. Basement Pre-cambrian
Granitic Gneiss with few
exposures as Inliers.
9 HYDROGEOLOGY
Major water bearing formations Alluvium
Pre-monsoon Depth to water level 2.5 – 10.69 m bgl
during 2011
Post-monsoon Depth to water level 1.53 – 8.04 m bgl
during 2011
Long term water level trend in last 10 No significant decline
yrs(2002 –
2011) in m/yr
10 GROUND WATER EXPLORATION
BY
CGWB (As on 31-03-2013)
No. of well drilled (EW,OW, PZ, SH, EW=12, OW=1, PZ=7
Total)
Depth Range (m) 61 – 294 m bgl
Discharge (m3/hr) 1. 20 – 50 m3/hr for STW
Within50 m bgl2. 50 – 200 m3/hr for
DTWbeyond 100 m bgl.
Storativity (s) -
Transmissitivity (m2/day) 100 – 600 m2/day, 4208 at
Rampur.

11 GROUND WATER QUALITY Good for drinking and
irrigation
Presence of Chemical constituents more Few patches are identified to
than the
permissible limit (e.g.EC, F, As, F) be contaminated with Arsenic.
Type of Water Potable
12 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER
RESOURCES
(as on 31st March 2009) In ha m.
Annual Replenishble Ground Water 69583
Resources
Net Annual Ground Water Draft 22941
Projected Demand for Domestic and 7665
Industrial
Uses up to 2025
Stage of Ground Water Development 33%
13 AWARENESS AND TRAINING
ACTIVITY
One day Training Programme
Organized
Date 08.03.2007
Place Hotel Rajhans International, Bhagalpur
No. of Participants 110
14 GROUND WATER CONTROL AND
REGULATION
No. of OE Blocks Nil
No. of Critical Blocks Nil
No. of Blocks Notified Nil
15 MAJOR GROUND WATER Arsenic pollution of ground
PROBLEMS AND
ISSUES water along the banks of river
Ganga
16 Total no. of Brick kilns 187
Source: Centre for Ground Water Board (CGWB)

Topography:-
Physiography:-
The Bihar state can be broadly subdivided into three major unit’s i.e., main physical sub-
divisions is the Norhern Mountains, the Gangetic Plains and the Central Highlands. Northern
Mountains comprises the Himalayan ranges including their foot hills. The Gangetic plains,
situated between the Himalayas and the Deccan plateau, constitute the most fertile plains of the
sub-basin ideally suited for intensive cultivation. The Central highlands lying to the south of the
Great plains consists of mountains, hills and plateaus intersected by valleys and river plains.
They are largely covered by forests. Aravali uplands, Bundelkhand upland, Malwa plateau,
Vindhyan and Narmada valley lie in the this region. Predominant soil types found in the sub-
basin are sandy, loamy , clay and their combinations such as sandy loam , loam , silty clay loam
and loamy sand soils.
Geomorphology:-
north and central Bhagalpur towards the north and south of Ganga respectively forms a flat Indo-
Gangetic alluvium tract (parts of the North Bihar Plains and Central Bihar Plains respectively).
The southern part of the district forms a marginal alluvial tract. The general elevation of the
alluvium tract remains within 45 m above mean sea level (amsl). The master slope of region at
both north and south is towards the river Ganga. There are some detached hard rock bodies of
pre-cambrian age, which stand out as prominent peaks (inliers) within the alluvial plains. Among
these, the highest one is at Shahkund with a height of 143 m.

Climate and Rainfall:-
In general a warm and humid climate prevails in the district. Winter starts from November and
extends up to February. Temperature usually does not drop below 150 C but during the coldest
months (late December to early January) temperature even comes down to 80 C. During this

period, wind blows from northwest and west. The summer period begins from March with the
peak temperature of 40 – 450 C in May. The month of March and April are the driest months of
the year with the relative humidity of 50 – 55 % in the morning and 35 – 40 % in the afternoon.
The humidity increases in May and June to 80 % or more. About 80 % of the rainfall is under the
influence of southwest monsoon, which normally breaks in the second fortnight of June. The
monsoon lasts till the later part of the September. Generally the eastern and northeastern part of
the district receives higher amount of rainfall. The annual normal rainfall in the district remains
above 1148 mm.
Land use, Agriculture and Irrigation Practices:-
Though Bhagalpur has an agro-based economy, agriculture is largely restricted only to khariff
season due to lack of adequate irrigation facilities. Paddy, maize and lentils are the important
crops of the district. A large ground water resource in the district has been remained untapped
Land utilization pattern in the district:-
01 LAND USE (sq.km.)
a) Forest area: Nil
b) Net area sown: 1850
c) Cultivable area: 1930
IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES Area (sq.km)
(Area in sq.km, Govt. of Bihar 2008-09)
Dug wells and Tube wells -
Canal -
Net irrigated area 666
Gross irrigated area 790

Soils:-
The soils in the district are

mainly derived from the older
and newer alluvium. These
alluvial plain soils are light grey
to dark grey in colour, rather
heavy and texturally fine in
nature. The pH values range
from neutral to acidic and the
acidity of the soil gradually
increases from north to south.
The hilly soils are acidic with
low nitrogen, medium to high
potash. The soils derived from
older alluvium are mainly
loamy in character with
moderate to heavy texture and
well drained. In low lands these
are poorly drained with heavy texture. These soils comprise an association of vertisols, entisols,
alfisols, and ultisols. Black soils found in Shahkund, Sonhaulia, and Sultanganj belong to
vertisols category. Sandy soils (Diara soils) derived from younger alluvium are light textured,
well drained. These are moderate to highly 10 fertile calcareous soils and found along the
banks/course of the river Ganga. These comprise the soil association of inceptisols and entisols.

CHAPTER-4
GEOLOGY OF THE DISTRICT
Geology:-
The Predominant Geological Formation in the district Quaternary Formations, Basement
Precambrian Granitic Gneiss with few exposures as Inliers.
An ancient crystalline rock called the Archean 'gneiss covers the greater part of the district in the
western and south western parts. It stretcnes from a few 'kilometers north of Godda to about 30
kilometres, south of Dumka. Towards the east these crystalline rocks are covered with thick
flows of volcanic lava which forms the Rajmahal hills that stretches approximately 150
kilometres from near Sakrigali Railway station southwa~ds' along the border of Birbhum
District. A narrow strip of lower gondwana rocks skirt the lower formation along its western
margin. The ancient crystalline rocks are collectively 'called the Archean Gneisses the principal
'rock of which is granitoid gneiss. It contains inclusions of older dark hornbl'enudic and
pyroxenic rock withigranolitic structures. It alternates with homblemdic and rnicacious schists
and contain felspars of salmon white colour.
north and central Bhagalpur towards the north and south of Ganga respectively forms a flat
IndoGangetic alluvium tract (parts of the North Bihar Plains and Central Bihar Plains
respectively). The southern part of the district forms a marginal alluvial tract. The general
elevation of the alluvium tract remains within 45 m above mean sea level (amsl). The master
slope of region at both north and south is towards the river Ganga. There are some detached hard
rock bodies of pre-cambrian age, which stand out as prominent peaks (inliers) within the alluvial
plains. Among these, the highest one is at Shahkund with a height of 143 m.
Geological succession:-
Age Lithostratigraphy
Holocene Newer Channel Alluvium and colluvial fan depostis.
Alluvium Lacustrine grey silt and clay. Terrace Alluvium.
Alluvial fan deposits.
…………………………………….Disconformity…………………………………..
MiddletoLatePleistocene Varanasi Polycyclic sequence of boulder beds, and silt-clay
Alluvium with calcrete.
…………………………….Unconformity………………………..
Early Miocene to Early Pleistocene Siwalik Group
Late Eocene to Early Miocene Dharmshala Group

Late Paleocene to Late Eocene Subathu Group
------ Unconformity ----
Precambrian Basement
(Lithostratigraphy of the Ganga Basin sedimentary fill (compiled from Raiverman et al. 1983, Kumar et al.
1996 and Valdiya, 2010).
Regional Geology:-
Geologically, it represents nearly two third of Bihar is under cover of Ganga basin composed of
alluvium and masks the nature of basement rocks.
Geological succession and their occurrences distribution

Age Geology Occurrences
Quaternary Alluvial Deposits (sand, clay, silt, North Bihar Plain & Central Bihar Plain
Fragments)
Tertiary Sand Stones& Clay Stones North Champaran Hills

Gondwana Coal Measures, Forming a series Banka District
of small outlier basins
Vindhyans Sandstones, shales, Limestones Parts of Bahbhua and Rohtas Disricts

etc.
Satpura Schist,Phyllite,Quartzite Part of Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada, Nalanda,

Sheikhpura and Munger District
Proterozoic Schist, amphibolites, quartzite, Nawada, Jamui and Banka

granites, dolerites and pegmatites
Archaean Gneisses, Part of Aurangabad ,Gaya, Nawada ,Jamui,

Granites,Schists,Phyllites,quartzite Banka and Bhagalpur
s, amphibolites & intrusive all
metamorphosed sedimentary and
igneous rocks

CHAPTER-5
DRAINAGE OF IRRIGATION PATTERN
Drainage:-
The rivers of the district bring out the sediment as bed load and suspended load during the
monsoon period and post monsoon when the carrying capacity of river decreases it deposit the
sediment as braided deposit, point bars, etc. these are the main source of sand in the district.
Agriculture:-
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of the district and also the main source of
livelihood of the people Though Bhagalpur has an agro-based economy, agriculture is largely
restricted only to khariff season due to lack of adequate irrigation facilities. Paddy, maize and
lentils are the important crops of the district. A large ground water resource in the district has
been remained untapped
RIVER MAP OF THE BHAGALPUR DISTRICT

Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams:-
Sl. No. Name of the River of Total Length in the Place of Altitude at
Stream District (in Km) Origin Origin
1 GANGA 97 K.M GhorghatMilik 34 meters
2 GERUA 30 K.M Biswaspur 41 meters
3 CHANAN 6 K.M Manihari 51 meters
4 ANDHARI 12.5 K.M Hajipur 49 meters
Drainage System with description of main rivers:-
Sl. No. Name of the River Area drained (sq. % Area drained in the
Km.) District
1 GANGA 116.648 4.556 %
2 GERUA 3.73267 0.145 %
3 CHANAN 0.096319 0.003 %
4 ANDHARI 0.776851 0.030 %
Total 121.25384 4.73 %

CHAPTER-6
LAND UTILIZATION PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT
Forest:-
The 0.03 % of Land in Bhagalpur is forest land which is 193.35 acres. There are various types of
wood and bamboo available in the forest. Forest produce are minor.
Agriculture:-
Agriculture is the
main occupation of
the people of the
district and also the
main source of
livelihood of the
people. Though
Bhagalpur has an
agro-based economy,
agriculture is largely
restricted only to
khariff season due to
lack
of adequate irrigation
facilities. Paddy,
maize and lentils are the important crops of the district. A large ground water resource in the
district has been remained untapped.
Mining:-
The mineral resources of Bhagalpur district playing massive role in industrial, social and
economic development of the district.
Available mineral resources in the district:-
 Sand
 Soil
Quartzite
 Stones

Horticulture:-
Bhagalpur district is
under medium Level of
Production in
Horticultural Crops -
Horticulture level of
horticultural
development has found
in the district.
These districts come
under the periphery areas
where there is a lack of
infrastructure regarding
horticultural crops.
Floriculture in the district
is now developing in the
same fashion as
compared to other crops.
So, there is need to
emphasis on these crops.
Horticulture cultivation
is always advantageous.
It paves the ways and means of development. It has been observed that it could be developed in
the state if the government provides protection and subsidies to the farmers. There is a great need
to emphasis on marketing management and boosting the irrigation resource of the state along
with that there is need of awareness on profitability and techno managerial skill among farmers
to promote the horticultural cultivation in the state.
Bestowed with fertile soil and having good irrigation facilities, about 80% area of the district is
under agricultural use. The land level is plain and fertile land of total area available for
cultivation, most of the area is used as double cropped area. The land is cover by the forest area,
cultivable land agriculture barren land, current fallow, other fallow land ,usar and non
cultibileland,land used other than agriculture,pasture land and vacant land etc. The land is used
for orchard tree, plantation and cane productions. The land holdings are generally small in size.

Though Bhagalpur has an agro-based economy, agriculture is largely restricted only to khariff
season due to lack of adequate irrigation facilities. Paddy, maize and lentils are the important
crops of the district. A large ground water resource in the district has been remained untapped
The soils in the district are mainly derived from the older and newer alluvium. These alluvial
plain soils are light grey to dark grey in colour, rather heavy and texturally fine in nature. The pH
values range from neutral to acidic and the acidity of the soil gradually increases from north to
south. The hilly soils are acidic with low nitrogen, medium to high potash.
The soils derived from older alluvium are mainly loamy in character with moderate to heavy
texture and well drained. In low lands these are poorly drained with heavy texture. These soils
comprise an association of vertisols, entisols, alfisols, and ultisols. Black soils found in
Shahkund, Sonhaulia, and Sultanganj belong to vertisols category. Sandy soils (Diara soils).
Land utilization pattern in the district:-
01 LAND USE (sq.km.)
a) Forest area: Nil
b) Net area sown: 1850
c) Cultivable area: 1930
IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES Area (sq.km)
(Area in sq.km, Govt. of Bihar 2008-09)
Dug wells and Tube wells -
Canal -
Net irrigated area 666
Gross irrigated area 790

CHAPTER-7
SURFACE WATER AND GROUND WATER SCENARIO OF THE DISTRICT
Geohydrology:-
Water bearing formations:-

The sand layers in the Quaternary Alluvium (both newer and older) form the main source of
ground water in the district. Based on the strata logs and hydrogeological properties, the aquifer
system in the district can be divided into two categories;
I the shallow aquifers
within 50 m depth.
II The deep aquifers
within 50 – 200 m
depth. In shallow
aquifers, the ground
water occurs under
unconfined condition
and in deeper aquifers
under semi-confined to
confined conditions.
The shallow aquifers
consisting of fine to
medium sand with
clay, silt and kankars
are the main sources of
ground water in the
marginal alluvial tract
in the south Bhagalpur. In general the thickness of these aquifers varies from 13 to 18 m, being
more at central parts than the eastern and western parts of the marginal alluvium. The thickness
of the aquifer is controlled by the geometry of the underlying basement rock. The deeper aquifers
mainly consist of sand, gravel and calcareous nodules with alternating layers of clay. The
exploration data reveals the presence of four to five major aquifers with cumulative thickness 20
to 85 m. These aquifers thin out towards Sultanganj in the western part since clay dominancy

increase. The composition of the aquifer is not homogeneous at many places. These are very
often mixed with silt and little clay, which impedes their water yielding capacity. The yield of
these zones varies between 14.30 m3 /hr at Rampur to 202.70 m3 /hr at Madarganj with
reference draw down of 6 – 27m.
Depth to Water Level:-
The pre-monsoon water level data of the year 2011 reveals that the depth to water level in the
district remains within 2.5 – 10.69 m bgl, with the deepest of 10.69 m bgl and the shallowest of
2.5 m bgl. In post-monsoon, the depth to water level in the district comes to be within 1.53 –
8.04 m bgl. The pre and post-monsoon water level data indicates that the water level in the
district has registered a rise of 0.77 to 5.14 m within the season. The pre and post-monsoon
depth to water level contours has been prepared and produced in Fig. 1 and 2
respectively.
Pre- monsoon 2011 depth to water level

contours in Bhagalpur district, Bihar.
Post- monsoon 2011 depth to water level

contours in Bhagalpur district, Bihar.

Ground Water Quality:-
The following information regarding the quality aspects of the ground water in
Bhagalpur district has been gathered from the partial and complete analysis of water
samples collected from the district. The study of this analytical data reveals that in general the
quality of ground water is for drinking and irrigation purposes.
Electrical conductance 450 to 1400 micromhos/cm at 250C
pH 7.0 to 8.05
Total Dissolved Solids 145 to 826 ppm
Total Hardness as CaCO3 70 to 488 ppm
Calcium 12 to 158 ppm
Magnesium 9.7 to 60 ppm
Sodium 14 to 189 ppm
Potassium 0.18 to 4.0 ppm
Chloride 10.6 to 200 ppm
Carbonate NIL
Bicarbonate 122 to 634 ppm
Sulphate Less than 2 to 40 ppm
Iron Less than 0.1 to 1.40 ppm
Fluoride 0.01 to 1.80 ppm
Nitrate Less than 1 to 50 ppm
Silica 12 to 40 ppm

Ground Water Management Strategy:-
Ground water Development
As per the resource evaluation (31st march 2009) the average stage of ground water utilisaton in
the district is less than 33 %, which means none of the blocks in the district comes under semi-
critical/critical or over exploited category. The present infrastructural facilities yield 15370.4 ha
m of ground water for irrigation and there is a vast surplus replenishable ground water potential
of 45118.5 ha.m to be tapped.
Depending on the ground water yield potential, the district can be divided into three parts;
1) High potential zone
The areas bordering the south of Ganga from Sultanganj to Ghogha and north of Ganga
from Bihpur to Nuagachia belong to this zone.In this zone a tube well drilled down to
160 – 200 m bgl can yield 150 – 200 m3 /hr for a reference Drawdown of 4 to 8 m.
2) Medium potential zone
The central Bhagalpur with yield potential from 50 to 100 m3 /hr for drawdown of 6 – 15
m belongs to this zone. The depth of the tube well should be within 50 to 100 m bgl.
3) Low potential zone
The marginal alluvium tract with yield potential less than 50 m3/hr for draw down of 6 –
20 m comes under this zone. The well should be within 50 m bgl tapping 10 to 15 m of
the saturated zone.
Ground Water Related Issues and Problems:-
Ground water in the blocks Sultanganj, Nathnagar and Jagdispur has been reported to be polluted
with arsenic.
Status of ground water development:-
As far as stage of ground water development is concerned, all the blocks in the district fall under
safe category as per the norms of GEC, 1997. The block Ismailpur and Narayanpur are having
significantly low stage of ground water development i.e. 15.6 and 18.8 % respectively. Only 4
blocks, which possess more than 40 % stage of ground water development, are Jagdispur (64.2
%), Naugacchia (54.8 %), Nathnagar (43.6 %) and Shahkund (54.5 %). Thus the district
possesses a good ground water potential for further utilization in irrigation purposes.
Number of dug wells used in irrigation for kharif and rabi are 2244 and 2720 respectively (as
per 1993 well census). A total of 10598 shallow tube wells utilized for irrigation out of which
319 were electric operated, 10172 were diesel engine operated and rest were either solar or
man/animal operated. Though a total of 146 deep tube wells were found but most of them were
defunct due to unavailability of power. The rest are working for few hours because of power
crunch.

As per available statistics, area irrigated by different sources constitute only 35.01 % of the total
cultivated area, out of which only 9.48 % is served by surface water and the rest 25.53 % is
served by ground water.
It is imperative that optimum utilization of water resources, both surface as well as ground water
is vital for the integrated and intensive agricultural development of the district. Proper
management is therefore essential pre-requisite for agro-economic development of the district.
Map showing stage of groundwater development of Bhagalpur district,

Bihar.

CHAPTER-8
RAINFALL OF THE DISTRICT AND CLIMATE CONDITION
Rainfall and climate condition:-

In general a warm and humid climate prevails in the district. Winter starts from November and
extends up to February. Temperature usually does not drop below 150 C but during the coldest
months (late December to early January) temperature even comes down to 80 C. During this
period, wind blows from northwest and west. The summer period begins from March with the
peak temperature of 40 – 450 C in May. The month of March and April are the driest months of
the year with the relative humidity of 50 – 55 % in the morning and 35 – 40 % in the afternoon.
The humidity increases in May and June to 80 % or more. About 80 % of the rainfall is under the
influence of southwest monsoon, which normally breaks in the second fortnight of June. The
monsoon lasts till the later part of the September. Generally the eastern and northeastern part of
the district receives higher amount of rainfall. The annual normal rainfall in the district remains
above 1148 mm.
The climate in Bhagalpur is warm and temperate. The summers here have a good deal of rainfall,
while the winters have very little. According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as
Cwa. The average annual temperature in Bhagalpur is 25.8 °C. About 1111 mm of precipitation
falls annually.
CLIMATE GRAPH // WEATHER BY MONTH OF BHAGALPUR:-
The driest month is December, with 1 mm of rain. Most of the precipitation here falls in July,
averaging 249 mm.
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF BHAGALPUR:-
May is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in May averages 31.5 °C. January is the
coldest month, with temperatures averaging 17.1 °C.
BHAGALPUR WEATHER BY MONTH // WEATHER AVERAGES:-

January February March April May June July August September October November December
Avg. 17.1 20 25.3 30 31.5 30.7 29.3 29.2 28.9 27 22 18.3

Temperature
(°C)
Min. 10.4 13 17.6 22.6 25.4 26.3 26.2 26.3 25.7 22.5 15.5 11.4
Temperature
(°C)
Max. 23.8 27 33 37.5 37.7 35.1 32.4 32.1 32.2 31.6 28.6 25.2
Temperature
(°C)
Avg. 62.8 68.0 77.5 86.0 88.7 87.3 84.7 84.6 84.0 80.6 71.6 64.9
Temperature
(°F)
Min. 50.7 55.4 63.7 72.7 77.7 79.3 79.2 79.3 78.3 72.5 59.9 52.5
Temperature
(°F)
Max. 74.8 80.6 91.4 99.5 99.9 95.2 90.3 89.8 90.0 88.9 83.5 77.4
Temperature
(°F)
Precipitation / 19 3 6 14 49 197 249 246 231 92 4 1

Rainfall (mm)
There is a difference of 248 mm of precipitation between the driest and wettest months. Throughout
the year, temperatures vary by 14.4 °C.

CHAPTER-9
DETAILS OF THE MINING LEASE IN THE DISTRICT
Details of mining lease in the district as per the following format-
Sl. Name Name of the Address and Mining Area Period of Period of
No. of the lessee Contact No. of Lease of mining Mining Lease
Miner lessee Grant Minin lease (1strenual)
al order no. g (Initial)
and date Lease
(hec.) Fro To Fro To
m m
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -

CHAPTER-10
DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED IN LAST THREE YEARS
Details of Royalty or Revenue received from Minor minerals in last three calendar years
Sl. No. Financial Year Stone Mineral All Minor Mineral

(Rs. In Lakh) (Rs. In Lakh)
1 2015 Nil Nil

2 2016 Nil Nil
3 2017 Nil Nil
Total - -

CHAPTER-11
DETAILS OF PRODUCTION OF MINOR MINERAL IN LAST THREE YEARS
Production of stone minerals in last three calendar years:-
Sl. No. Financial Year Production of Stone Mineral

(In cft.)
1 2015 Nil
2 2016 Nil
3 2017 Nil
Total

CHAPTER-12
MINERAL MAP OF THE DISTRICT

CHAPTER-13
LIST OF LETTER OF INTENT (LOI) HOLDER IN THE DISTRICT ALONG WITH ITS
VALIDITY
Sl. No. Name Name of Address and contact Letter of Area Validity Use Location of
of the the lessee no. of the Intent Intent of of LoI (Captive/ the Mining
Mineral Holder grant Mining Non- Lease
Order No. lease Captive) (Latitude &
& Date to be Longitude)
alloted
- - - -- - - - - -
- - - -- - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -

CHAPTER-14
TOTAL MINERAL RESERVE AVAILABLE IN THE DISTRICT
Method of estimation of reserve:-
The estimation of stone reserve is made by conventional parallel cross section method using
geological cross section. The geological cross sections are prepared across the strike of the
mineral. The area of individual litho unit in each and every cross section is calculated separately.
The volume between the cross section is arrived on the basis of average area of parallel cross
section and multiplying sectional interval. And tonnage is arrived at by multiplying by bulk
density.
Note: Following are the parameter considered for reserve estimation:
i. Reserve is calculated
ii. Bulk density of stone and associate minor mineral is taken as 2.5 Ton/M3.
Geological and Minable reserve:-
Sl. No. Location Total area of Geological Average Total Geological Coordinates
Geological Reserve Influenc Volume Mineral Reserve (Latitudes&l
e Length (cum) (MT) ongitudes)
Reserve (In sq. m.)
(m)
(in Acre)
1 Bhadeshar 34.16acres/13. 1,38,240 45 62,20,800 155.52 Lakh MT 25.262772N
hill,Block- 824hect. 87.293438E
Kahalgaon,Bha
galpur.
2 Kashri Hill, 184 7,44,600 27 2,01,04,200 502.60 Lakh MT 25.299747N
Block acres/74.46 87.268948E
Kahalgaon hect
Bhagalpur
3 Gangaldei 20Acres/8.093 80,930 21 16,99,530 42.48 Lakh MT 25.285492N
hill,Block- hect 87.254921E
Kahalgaon,Bha
galpur
4 Salempur 65acres/26.30 2,63,040 23 6,049,920 151.24 Lakh MT 25.268635N
hill,Block- 4hect. 87.482478E
Pirpainthi,Bhag
alpur
5 Manikpur 29.5acres/11.9 1,19,380 21 25,06,980 62.674 Lakh MT 25.310259N
hill,Block- 38 hect 87.431582E
Pirpainthi,Bhag
alpur
6 Purani kherhi 80acres/32.37 3,23,740 38 1,23,02,120 307.55 Lakh MT 25.165365N
Sahkund,Bhaga
lpur

7 Jagaria 67acres/27.11 2,71,130 17 46,09,210 115.23 Lakh MT 25.148118N
Sahkund,Bhaga
lpur
8 Panchkathia 11 acres/4.45 44,500 15 6,67,500 16.68 Lakh MT 25.144957N
hill, Block- hect 86.818826E
Sahkund,Bhaga
lpur
9 Valinagar hill, 10.86acres/4.3 43,900 24 10,53,600 26.34 Lakh MT 25.171891N
Block- 9 hect 86.823234E
Sahkund,Bhaga
lpur
10 Banama 7.80acres/3.15 31,500 13 4,09,500 10.23 Lakh MT 25.148457N
Sahkund,Bhaga
lpur
11 Parmanpur 8.50acres/3.44 34,400 8 2,75,200 6.88 Lakh MT 25.164690N
Sahkund,Bhaga
lpur
Total 1241.904LakhMT
Summary of estimated reserve:-
Sl. No. Category Mineral Reserve (Lakh MT)

1. Geological reserve 1241.904 Lakh MT
2. Minable Reserve (80 % of total geological 993.52 Lakh MT
reserve)
3. Block Reserve -
Note: Geological reserve =Minable Reserve + Block reserve

IMAGE OF STONE DEPOSITS IN THE BHAGALPUR DISTRICT

CHAPTER-15
QUALITY/ GRADE OF MINERAL AVAILABLE IN THE DISTRICT
The deposit in the area is quite good in respect of quality and quantity. The method of mining
should be adopted Opencast Mining Method by OTFM (Other than Fully mechanized method)
for digging, excavation and removal of stone in conjunction with deep hole drilling and blasting.
Quality of Sand Stone available in the district is of intermediate. Rock has intergrown quartz
grains, thus is massive and hard. Protolith is sandstone. Intermediate to high grade
metamorphism. The Sand Stone mineral can be used as boulders of different sizes for dam
construction, embankment works etc. After crushing into different sizes it can be used in
construction and road projects.

CHAPTER-16
USE OF MINERAL
ROM will be used for construction of buildings & making of road. Stone can be used in different
form of different construction jobs and road projects. Stone, mined out from the mine, can be
directly used as boulders of different sizes for dam construction, embankment works etc. After
crushing into different sizes of aggregates, ranging from 6mm to 63mm, the product can be used
in construction and road projects.
Uses of different stone mineral available in Bhagalpur district of Bihar.
Uses of stones
 Building and decorative stone
 Aggregates.
 dam construction, embankment works
 Industrial purpose
 Road construction purpose

CHAPTER-17
DEMAND & SUPPLY OF THE MINERAL IN LAST THREE YEARS
Demand and supply of the stone mineral in last three years are as tabled below-
Sl. No. Year Demand of mineral Supply of the mineral

(in CFT) (in CFT)
1. 2015-16 Nil Nil
2. 2016-17 Nil Nil

3. 2017-18 Nil Nil

CHAPTER-18
MINING LEASE MARKED ON THE MAP OF THE DISTRICT
Mining lease in the district is as marked on district Map-
At present no any mining lease exists in the district.

CHAPTER-19
DETAILS OF CLUSTER OF MINING LEASE VIZ. NUMBER OF MINING LEASE

LOCATION (LAT. AND LONG.)
At present no any existing mining lease in the district.

CHAPTER-20
ECO-SENSITIVE AREA IN THE DISTRICT
The Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary, Bhagalpur notified as a wildlife sanctuary under
Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 vide S.O. 382 dated 07.08.1991 lies between Latitudes 25°10’
and 25°25’ N and Longitude 86°30’ and 87°15’ E in the Bhagalpur District of Bihar and extends
over a length of about 60 kilometre of portion of River Ganges from Sultanganj to three hillocks
in the middle of River Ganges at Kahalgaon;
AND WHEREAS, the Gangetic dolphin, otter, turtle, many migratory birds are the species of
vital ecological importance in Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary;
AND WHEREAS, the portion of River Ganges is sanctuary and the river course may change
occasionally and the sanctuary area is essential for conservation of endangered species, the
Gangetic Dolphin and other ecologically important species of flora and fauna in this area;
AND WHEREAS, it is necessary to conserve and protect the area, the extent and boundaries of
which is specified in paragraph 1 of this notification around the protected area of the
Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary as Eco-sensitive Zone from ecological and
environmental point of view and to prohibit industries or class of industries and their operations
and processes in the said Eco-sensitive Zone;
NOW, THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1), clause (v) and
clause (xiv) of subsection (2) and sub-section (3) of section 3 of the Environment (Protection)
Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) read with sub-rule (3) of rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules,
1986, the Central Government hereby notifies an area to an extent varying from 100 metre to 5.0
kilometre from the boundary of the VikramshilaGangetic Dolphin Sanctuary in the State of Bihar
as the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary Eco-sensitive Zone (hereinafter referred to as the
Eco-sensitive Zone), details of which are as under, namely:-
Extent and boundaries of Eco-sensitive Zone.-(1) The extent of Eco-sensitive Zone is varies from
100 metres to 5.0 kilometres from the boundary of the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary.
The area of Eco- sensitive Zone is12,221 hectare.
Limits and boundaries of the proposed Eco-sensitive Zone of Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin
Sanctuary, Bihar. The eco-sensitive zone of Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary as is
situated mainly in Bhagalpur district and a very small part in Khagaria district; (2) The
boundaries and extent of the Eco-sensitive Zone is as follows: (a) On the western boundary of
the sanctuary at Sultanganj i.e. the Eco-sensitive Zone shall extend up to 5.0 kilometre upstream
from the sanctuary boundary; (b) On the northern boundary of the sanctuary i.e. left bank of
River Ganges the Eco-sensitive Zone shall extend up to 500 metres from the sanctuary boundary;

(c) On the eastern boundary of the sanctuary at three hillocks in the middle of River Ganges at
Kahalgaon, the Ecosensitive Zone shall extend up to 5.0 kilometre downstream of river Ganges
from the Sanctuary Boundary; (d) On the southern boundary of the sanctuary i.e. left bank of
River Ganges, the Eco-sensitive Zone shall extend up to (i) 100 metres from the sanctuary
boundary in the areas included in Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation, Sultanganj Nagar Parishad
and Kahalgaon Nagar Panchayat and (ii) 200 metre in all the villages/town other than Bhagalpur
Municipal Corporation, Sultanganj Nagar Parishad and Kahalgaon Nagar Panchayat mentioned
in (i) here.
Map of Eco-sensitive Zone boundary of Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary, Bihar.

CHAPTER-21
IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT DUE TO MINING ACTIVITY
Impact on Environment due to mining activities varies based on the quantum of production rate
proposed. The different activities involved before & during mining are narrated below, which
helps to assess the impact on environment.
Population growth, economic development and environmental degradation are interlinked with
each-other. The high growth in population speeds-up economic activities. Meanwhile, it also
deteriorates environment as for the high level of economic development, plenty of natural
resources are exploited. Similarly, mining activities have considerable impacts on environment.
The most important environmental problems from the mining activities are mercury pollution,
cyanide pollution, direct dumping of tailing and affluent into river. These environmental
problems from mining activities are the global phenomena. It does not only degrade the land and
forest areas but also, it affects the air, water and health qualities. Faunal and floral depletion, due
to mining activities, is also enormous.
Land degradation is one of the significant impacts arising out of mining and quarrying activity
which is mainly in the form of alternation of land structure due to excavation, stacking of top soil
and loss of land due to dumping of mine waste and overburden soil. Stone and sand quarrying
causes damage to property, depletion of ground water, loss of fertile top soil, degradation of
forest land, adverse effect on the biodiversity and public health.
Mining and quarrying, either open cast or underground, destroys landscape and forest
ecosystems. The waste materials that remain after the extraction of usable ores are dumped on
the surrounding land, thus causing loss of top soil, nutrients and supportive micro flora and
vegetation.
Air pollution, due to dust from the mines, is a common environmental problem in mines and
quarries especially open cast operations. Stone Mining activities are normally associated with
different types of pollution. Air pollution is regarded as the most notable one, where particulate
matter (dust) are generated and found in the surrounding areas of such activities. Particles with
aerodynamic diameters of less than 50µm (termed Total Suspended Particulate matter, or TSP)
can become suspended in the atmosphere, and those with aerodynamic diameters of less than
10µm termed PM10 (inhalable particles) can be transported over long distances, and enter the
human respiratory system.
Noise pollution is associated with many types of equipment used in mining operations, but
blasting is considered the major source. Loud sound disturbed the vegetable nearby the area.It
also affect stability of infrastructures, buildings, and homes of people living near to these
working sites. In this regard, noise pollution may include noise from vehicle engines, loading
and unloading of rock into steel dumpers, chutes, power generation, and other sources.
Mining operations impact the environment in several ways, and water pollution is a major
concern in such operations. For instance quarry dust can change the chemistry of water resources
by dissolving in them, it can also settle in water bodies and cause pollution.Furthermore, these
operations disrupt the existing movement of surface water and groundwater; they interrupt
natural water recharge and can lead to reduced quantity and quality of drinking water for
residents and wildlife near or downstream from a quarry site.
The pollution potential of the proposed project, it is possible impacts on the surrounding
environment during pre-operational and operational phases and the necessary management
actions proposed for control and abatement of pollution are furnished hereunder.
Impact on the some component of the environment are as below-
Air environment
Although mining does not cause any direct change in air environment, transportation etc. In
stone mining operations, the source of air pollution may cause deterioration of air quality due to
the fugitive dust emission during blasting, scooping, loading-unloading operations and
transportation. Loading and unloading of mineral would be associated with the fugitive emission
in the active area whereas fugitive emission during transportation would affect the areas/villages
situated adjacent to road side. Another source of air pollution would be emission from the
trucks/tractor/other vehicles to be used for transportation of soil.
Water environment
As far as impact on surface water is concerned, during mining and transportation, there are
chances of contamination of surface water resources (pond, well etc.) with dust or by other
means. The labourers working in stone mining come from neighboring districts and colonise in
the surrounding areas with inadequate facilities for waste disposal. This, in due course, leads to
disposal of various things into surface water bodies which in due course of time results into
surface water contamination through misuse / mismanagement and decomposition of the trash.
Land environment
There shall be no major impacts of stone mining on land due to rocky terrain having no soil
cover generation of top soil shall be nil.

Other impacts on land include Disposal of packing material, carried by the workers. This packing
material would include used sachet/gutka/pan masala pouches. Polythene bag used by the
workers to bring their foods etc.
Noise environment
As far as noise pollution is concerned, blasting is considered the major source of noise pollution.
The Machinery used in mining of stone mineral create sound and vibrates. As well as vehicles
used for transport, loading-unloading of mineral etc. put impact on noise environment. Noise
level in the working environment should be compared with the standards prescribed by Central
Pollution Control Board which has been adopted and enforced by the Govt. of India through The
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000.
Flora and Fauna

The mining is a destructive activity generated by human being for providing strength and
security to his living standard. The mining in the concerned zones provides raw materials in the
form of crusher, gravels and stones, etc. for construction of roads, railway lines and other
infrastructures. From the last few years the mining rate has increased several times. It results in
the loss of biodiversity of both flora and fauna and physiographic features of the concerned
region.

CHAPTER-22
REMEDIAL MEASURE TO MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF MINING ON THE

ENVIRONMENT
Air environment
Mitigation Measures
For Fugitive Dust Emission:
• All trucks should be covered by tarpaulin sheet to prevent dust emission.

• Water spraying should be there in haul road, crusher and mining area.
• Wet drilling should be preferred
• Sharp drill rods should be used to reduce dust generation
• Dust extractor should be used to reduce dust generation
For Vehicular Emission
• Overloading of trucks and trolleys should be prevented.
• Vehicular emission can pose serious health hazard. During the earth mining extraction,
tractor/truck should be used for transportation. Tractor/truck comprises of diesel engine
produce particles are dangerously fine of PM10 & PM2.5. It is well known fact that
combustion of diesel generates small particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and sulphur
dioxide.
• Ultra low sulphur diesel should be used in vehicle. CPCB prescribed emission Standards
for the vehicle would be followed.
•
Water environment
Mitigation measures
• Safeguards will be adopted against health risks on account of breeding of vectors in the
water bodies created due to excavation.
• Labourers should not be allowed to through trashes in water bodies.
• Utmost care should be taken to minimize or control oil spills or leakage from vehicles
used for soil transportation.

• Water Quality Monitoring for the, ground water should be carried out seasonally to
ensure that the water quality is not affected by the project activities.
• The contractor should adhere all guidelines and rules for proper and scientific method of
mining during the period of extracting of minerals that the project activities should not
have any adverse effect on the physical components of the environment including
recharge of ground waters or water quality.
Land environment
Mitigation measures
• No foreign material like polythene bag, jute bag and useless articles should not be
allowed to remain/spill on the land, or no pits/pockets should be allowed to be filled with
such material.
• Mining should not exceeds beyond the agreed extraction depth.
• Development of thick plantation around mine lease area
Noise environment
Mitigation measures
• Well maintained vehicles should be used in order to reduce the noise during movement of
vehicles.
• Regular and proper maintenance of transportation vehicles (trucks, tractor etc.) should be
ensured.
• Proper and timely maintenance of machineries. .
• Major noise generating Equipments like DG set shall be housed.
Flora and Fauna
Mitigation measures
• Sediment and erosion control by planting native trees and shrubs to stabilize degraded
farming land;
• Regular monitoring of plants and animals on site;
• Salvaging and reusing materials where practical;
• Establishing and maintaining habitat corridors;
• Controlling access to the site to protect habitats.

CHAPTER-23
RECLAMATION ON MINED OUT AREA IN THE DISTRICT
Once the deposit will be mined out then only the question of land reclamation will come. It is
proposed that after the completion of quarrying operation the excavated area should be converted
into water logging and will be utilized for irrigation and pisciculture purpose or green belt zone.
When active mining ceases, mine facilities and the site are reclaimed and closed. The goal of
mine site reclamation and closure should always be to return the site to a condition that most
resembles the pre-mining condition. Mines that are notorious for their immense impact on the
environment often made impacts only during the closure phase, when active mining operations
ceased. These impacts can persist for decades and even centuries. Therefore, the EIA for every
proposed mining project should must include a detailed discussion of the mine Reclamation and
Closure Plan offered by the mining proponent. Mine reclamation and closure plans must describe
in sufficient detail how the mining company will restore the site to a condition that most
resembles pre-mining environmental quality; how it will prevent – in perpetuity – the release of
toxic contaminants from various mine facilities (such as abandoned open pits and tailings
impoundments); and how funds will be set aside to insure that the costs of reclamation and
closure should be paid for.

CHAPTER-24
RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The multi-disaster prone state of Bihar requires a multi-disciplinary approach to deal with these
disasters requiring participation of various stakeholders. It requires a continuous and integrated
process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures that are necessary for
risk prevention, mitigation of risk impacts, preparing to face the disaster event, response,
rehabilitation and reconstruction. Some of the prominent disasters and their impacts are –
Flood:-
Bihar’s topography is marked by a number of perennial and non-perennial rivers of which, those
originating from Nepal are known to carry high sediment loads that are then deposited on the
plains of Bihar. A majority of the rainfall in this region is concentrated in the 3 months of
monsoon during which the flow of rivers increases up to 50 times causing floods in Bihar.
According to the Bihar Government’s Flood Management Information Systems Cell, floods of
Bihar can be divided into 4 categories namely:
Class I: Flash floods– floods occurring due to rainfall in Nepal, lead time is short (8 hours),
receding of flood waters is fast;
Class II: River floods– lead time 24 hours, receding of flood waters is 1 week or more;
Class III: Drainage congestion in river confluence- lead time more than 24 hours, lasting full
monsoon season (i.e. receding of flood water takes 3 months).
Class IV: Permanent water logged area.
As such, 73.63% of the geographical area of North Bihar is considered to be prone to floods. Out
of 38 districts, 28 districts get flooded (of which 15 districts are worst affected) causing huge
loss of property, lives, farmlands and infrastructure. During the 2008 Kosi floods, over 350,000
acres of paddy, 18,000 acres of maize and 240,000 acres of other crops were adversely affected,
impacting close to 500,000 farmers.

Flood Zone in Bihar
Source: Bihar State Disaster Management Authority
http://bsdma.org/Know-Your-Risk.aspx?id=3
Drought:-
In the absence of adequate rainfall, most part of south Bihar including Aurangabad district north
Bihar which faces drought situations. South and South West Bihar are more vulnerable and often
experiences severe drought situations. Districts of Munger, Nawada, Rohtas, Bhojpur,
Aurangabad and Gaya are the known drought prone areas of the state.
Earthquake:-
Bihar is located in the high seismic zone that falls on the boundary of the tectonic plate joining
the Himalayan tectonic plate near the Bihar-Nepal Border and has six sub-surface fault lines
moving towards the Gangetic planes in four directions. Of the 38 districts of Bihar, 8 districts fall
in seismic zone V of which 2 districts (Madhubani and Supaul) fall entirely in seismic zone V

while 24 districts fall in seismic zone IV and 6 districts in seismic zone III with most districts
falling under multiple seismic zones (i.e. either seismic zone V & IV or seismic zone IV & III).
The new and growing urban centers in the state where building codes and control mechanisms
are not enforced, earthquake remains a major threat to cities. This could result in social
infrastructures such as schools and hospitals that are not built to be earthquake resistant could
lead to serve damage and loss of lives as well.
Earthquake Zone in Bihar
Other Hazards:-
Apart from the above hazards, the state is also prone to cold and heat waves, Cyclonic storms
(high speed winds) and other human-induced hazards like fire, epidemics, road / boat accidents,
stampedes etc. Incidences of fire are mainly local in nature but have a severe impact on villages .

Since a majority of Kucha houses have thatch roofs and wooden structures, in the summer
months when winds are high, fires from the traditional stoves spread to damage entire villages.
Multi hazards Zone in Bihar

Mine disaster:-
Thousands of miners die each year around the globe due to mining accidents, especially from
underground coal mining, although hard rock mining is not immune from accidents.
Underground mining has considerably less impact than opencast mining on land, it causes
enough damage through subsidence. Apart from this, explosive natural gases, especially
firedamp, dust explosions, collapsing of mine stones, mining-induced seismicity, flooding, or
general mechanical errors from improperly used or malfunctioning mining equipment and
improper explosives underground can also cause to catastrophe.
The study found there is no such incident happened in past in Bhagalpur district of Bihar.

CHAPTER-25
DETAILS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
(LAST FIVE YEAR DATA OF NUMBER OF PATIENT OF SILICOSISTUBERCULOSIS)
Health Hazards in Mining:-
Some are the major health Hazards in mining as below-
Physical Hazards
Traumatic injury remains a significant problem and ranges from the trivial to the fatal. Common
causes of fatal injury include rock fall, fires, explosions, mobile equipment accidents, falls from
height, entrapment and electrocution. Less common but recognized causes of fatal injury include
flooding of underground workings, wet-fill release from collapsed bulkheads and air blast from
block caving failure. The systematic application of risk management techniques has contributed
to a substantial decline in injury frequency rates in developed nations. Further improvement,
however, is required to reach rates tolerable to the broader community. Noise is almost
ubiquitous in mining. It is generated by drilling, blasting, cutting, materials handling, ventilation,
crushing, conveying and ore processing. Controlling noise has proven difficult in mining and
noise-induced hearing loss remains common.
Chemical hazards
Crystalline silica has long been a serious hazard in mining, with the risk of silicosis. Silicosis has
been subject to considerable investigation. Axial water-fed rock drills, wet techniques,
ventilation, enclosed cabins and respiratory protection facilitylargely control silicosis. Silicosis is
a big problem in India and silico-tuberculosis is important in Africa, where the high prevalence
of HIV infection among miners increases the risk.
Biological hazards
The risk of tropical diseases such as malaria and dengue fever is substantial at some remote
mining locations. Leptospirosis and ankylostomiasis were common in mines, but eradication of
rats and improved sanitation can control these hazards effectively. Regular microbiological
analysis of the water is necessary to detect Legionella contamination or high concentrations of
other heterotrophic microorganisms
Last five year data of number of patient of Silicosis & Tuberculosis
During the study no such patient of Silicosis & Tuberculosis reported.

CHAPTER-26
PLANTATION AND GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT IN RESPECT OF LEASE ALREADY

GRANTED
Green Belt Development

The basic approach towards the development of Green belt /plantation in the lease area is with a
view to provide an aesthetic look, eliminating fugitive emissions and for controlling the impact
of noise, etc.
Green Belt will be developed based on the following principles:
 Plants that grow fast should be preferred
 Preference for high canopy covers plants with local varieties
 Perennial and evergreen plants should be preferred
 Plants having a high Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) should be preferred
The development of green belt is an important aspect for any project because
 It improves the ambient air quality by controlling Suspended Particulate Matter in air
 It helps in noise attenuation for the surrounding area
 It helps in attracting new birds and insects as their habitation
 It maintains the ecological balance
 It increases the aesthetic value of site.
Greenbelt Development & Plantation Programme
Plantation should be developed at 2 M x 2 M spacing, the rate of survival should be aimed at
80% by regular watering & fencing to keep plants safe from animal grazing. Local species will
be planted in consultation with local horticulturist. Diseased plants should be replaced by
planting new saplings.
Recommendation for Green Belt Development
It is strongly recommended to create greenbelt around the project site or in case lease failed the
authority should take proper action to stop mining operation or revoke mining permission with
necessary action.

PROPOSED AFFORESTATION PROGRAM (YEAR WISE)
Year No. of Sapling

1 st year 100
2nd year 100
3rd year 100
4th year 100
5th year 100
Total 500

REFERENCES
1. Singh,U,(1965):“Ditribution and Character of Cities of The Ganga

Plain.”National Geographical Journal of India,Vol.XI P.37
2. Optimum Utilisation of Surface Water and Ground Water Potential Using Fuzzy
Approach National Systems Conference, NSC 2008, 17–19 December 2008
3. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov results/Census2011Bihar.pdf
4. Census of India 2011- Provisional Population Totals - Bihar - Data Sheet" (PDF).
Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Vital Statistics Division. Office
of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2011. pp. 1 & 2.
Retrieved 16 August 2012.
5. www.cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Bihar/ Bhagalpur.pdf
6. cgwb.gov.in/gw profiles/st_Bihar.htm
7. www.cgwb.gov.in/Regions/GW-year.../GWYB%20MER%20(Bihar)%202015-16.pdf
8. www.census2011.co.in › Bihar
9. http://www.cwc.nic.in
10. http://www.ecobrick.in
11 https://en.climate-data.org/location

DSR SM Bhagalpur

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF BHAGALPUR

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENT & ECO- DEVELOPMENT, PATNA

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 1

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 2

Sl. No. Chapters Page No.

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 3

Location, Area and Administrative Details:-

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 4

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 5

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 6

A convenient road network covers

Bhagalpur district is well connected

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 7

OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY IN THE DISTRICT

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 8

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 9

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 10

MAUZA: - TUNDWA MUNDWA

MAUZA: - PURANI KHERHI

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 11

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 12

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 13

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 14

GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 15

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 16

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 17

Basin/Sub-Basin and Drainage:-

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 18

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 19

The soils in the district are

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 20

GEOLOGY OF THE DISTRICT

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 21

Geological succession and their occurrences distribution

Tertiary Sand Stones& Clay Stones North Champaran Hills

Vindhyans Sandstones, shales, Limestones Parts of Bahbhua and Rohtas Disricts

Satpura Schist,Phyllite,Quartzite Part of Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada, Nalanda,

Proterozoic Schist, amphibolites, quartzite, Nawada, Jamui and Banka

Archaean Gneisses, Part of Aurangabad ,Gaya, Nawada ,Jamui,

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 22

DRAINAGE OF IRRIGATION PATTERN

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 23

Drainage System with description of main rivers:-

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 24

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 25

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 26

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 27

SURFACE WATER AND GROUND WATER SCENARIO OF THE DISTRICT

Water bearing formations:-

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 28

Pre- monsoon 2011 depth to water level

Post- monsoon 2011 depth to water level

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - STONE MINING - BHAGALPUR - BIHAR Page 29

Electrical conductance 450 to 1400 micromhos/cm at 250C

Total Dissolved Solids 145 to 826 ppm

Total Hardness as CaCO3 70 to 488 ppm

Calcium 12 to 158 ppm

Magnesium 9.7 to 60 ppm

Sodium 14 to 189 ppm

Potassium 0.18 to 4.0 ppm

Chloride 10.6 to 200 ppm