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Caceres1999 PDF
Caceres1999 PDF
1, JANUARY 1999
I. INTRODUCTION
(2)
Fig. 3. A basic approach to achieve dc–ac conversion, with boost charac-
teristics.
(3)
A. System Description
The boost dc–ac converter is shown in Fig. 7. It includes dc
supply voltage , input inductors and , power switches
– , transfer capacitors and , free-wheeling diodes
Fig. 5. The proposed dc–ac boost converter. – , and load resistance .
The principal purpose of the controllers A and B is to
conduction mode given by make the capacitor voltages and follow as faithfully
as possible a sinusoidal reference.
The operation of the boost inverter is better understood
(1) through the current bidirectional boost dc–dc converter shown
in Fig. 8.
In the description of the converter operation, we assume that
where is the duty cycle. all the components are ideal and that the converter operates in
The voltage gain, for the boost inverter, can be derived as a continuous conduction mode. Fig. 9 shows two topological
follows: assuming that the two converters are 180 out of modes for a period of operation.
136 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 14, NO. 1, JANUARY 1999
where is the status of the switches, and are the vectors A. Selection of Control Parameters
of the state variables ( ) and their time derivatives,
respectively, Once the boost inverter parameters are selected, inductances
and are designed from specified input and output current
ripples, capacitors and are designed so as to limit
ON OFF the output voltage ripple in the case of fast and large load
(5) variations, and maximum switching frequency is selected from
OFF ON.
CÁCERES AND BARBI: BOOST DC–AC CONVERTER 137
if
(15)
if .
for
(16)
for .
Fig. 10. Sliding mode controller scheme. The existence condition (15) can be expressed in the form
the converter ratings and switch type. The system behavior is (17)
completely determined by coefficients and , which must (18)
be selected so as to satisfy existence and ensure stability and
fast response, even for large supply and load variations. From a practical point of view, assuming that error variables
According to the variable structure system theory, the are suitably smaller than references , (17) and (18) can
converter equations must be written in the following form: be rewritten in the form
(10)
(19)
where represents the vector of state-variables errors, given (20)
by
(11) By substituting matrices B and D in (19) and (20), one
obtains
where is the vector of references.
By substituting (11) in (4), one obtains
(12) (21)
(22)
(13a)
(27)
Fig. 11. Switching function
.
C. Duty Cycle
The duty cycle is defined by the ratio between the
conduction time of the switch and the switch period time,
as represented by
(28)
The conduction time is derived from (21), and it is It is interesting to note that the switching frequency, inductor
given by current ripple, and capacitor voltage ripple depend on the
following: the control parameters, circuit parameters, reference
voltage, output voltage of the other boost converter , and
inductor current .
It is important to determine the circuit parameters and coeffi-
(26) cients and that agree with desirable values of maximum
inductor current ripple, maximum capacitor voltage ripple,
The maximum switching frequency is obtained substituting maximum switching frequency, stability, and fast response for
(25) and (26) in (24) in the assumption that the converter is any operating condition.
CÁCERES AND BARBI: BOOST DC–AC CONVERTER 139
Fig. 14. Output voltage, nonload (50 V/div–2 ms/div). Fig. 17. Voltage across the capacitor C1 (50 V/div–2 ms/div).
Fig. 15. Resistive load operation (50 V/div–2A/div–2 ms/div). Fig. 18. Inductive load operation (50 V/div–2 A/div–2 ms/div).
REFERENCES
[1] F. Barzegar and S. Cuk, “Solid-state drives for induction motors: Early
technology to current research,” in Proc. IEEE Region 6 Conf., Anaheim,
CA, Feb. 15–18, 1982.
[2] , “A new switched-mode amplifier produces clean three-phase
power,” in Proc. Powercon 9, 9th Int. Solid-State Power Electronics
Conf., Washington, DC, July 13–15, 1982.
[3] R. Cáceres and I. Barbi, “A boost dc–ac converter: Operation, analysis,
control and experimentation,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Industrial Electronics,
Control and Instrumentation (IECON’95), Nov. 1995, pp. 546–551.
[4] , “A boost dc–ac converter: Design, simulation and implemen-
tation,” in Proc. Power Electronic Brazilian Conf. (COBEP’95), Dec.
1995, pp. 509–514.
[5] R. Cáceres, “DC–AC converters family, derived from the basic dc–dc
Fig. 20. Voltage V01 and current through the inductor Lf (50 V/div–2 converters,” Ph.D. dissertation, Federal Univ. Santa Catarina, Brazil,
A/div–2 ms/div). 1997 (in Portuguese).
[6] H. Sira-Ramirez, “Sliding mode control of ac to ac converters,” in Proc.
Brazilian Automatic Control Conf. (CBA’88), pp. 452–457.
[7] M. Rios-Bolivar and H. Sira-Ramirez, “An extended linearization ap-
proach to sliding mode control of dc to dc power supplies,” in Proc.
Power Electronic Brazilian Conf. (COBEP’91), pp. 21–26.
[8] M. Carpita, P. Farina, and S. Tenconi, “A single-phase, sliding mode
controlled inverter with three levels output voltage for UPS or power
conditioning applications,” in Proc. European Power Electronic Conf.
(EPE’93), pp. 272–277.
[9] L. Malesani, L. Rossetto, G. Spiazzi, and P. Tenti, “Performance
optimization of Cuk converter by sliding mode control,” in Proc.
Applications Power Electronic Conf. (APEC’92), pp. 395–402.
[10] , “General purpose sliding mode controller for dc–dc converter
applications,” in Proc. Power Electronic Specialist Conf. (PESC’93),
pp. 609–615.
[11] H. Pinheiro, A. Martins, and J. Pinheiro, “Single-phase voltage inverters
controlled by sliding mode,” in Proc. Brazilian Automatic Control Conf.
(CBA’94), pp. 1177–1182.
Fig. 21. Voltage and current in the nonlinear load (100 V/div–2 A/div–2
ms/div).
The boost inverter was also implemented with a nonlinear Ramón O. Cáceres (M’97) was born in San
load, as is shown in Fig. 19. The component values are Cristóbal, Táchira, Venezuela, in 1959. He received
the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the
, F, and mH. Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela, in
Fig. 20 shows the inverter output voltage and the current 1983 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the
through the inductor . The THD is 4.74%. Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis,
Brazil, in 1993 and 1997, respectively.
Fig. 21 shows the voltage and the current in the load. The In 1985, he joined the Department of Electronics,
average load voltage is 165 V, the average load current is 0.9 Universidad de los Andes, where he is currently
A, and the output power is 148.5 W. an Associate Professor and a Member of the
Power Electronics Research Group. His research
interests include dc/dc and dc/ac converters, PF correction, and soft-switching
VII. CONCLUSION techniques.