Chapter 06 Systems Development: Phases, Tools, and Techniques Answer

Key

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following systems development techniques requires IT specialists that

are in-house to develop information systems?

A. Outsourcing

B. Insourcing

C. In-house specialization

D. Selfsourcing

Insourcing involves in-house IT specialists within your organization to develop the

system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Introduction
2. Which of the following systems development techniques allows end users to
develop information systems?

A. Outsourcing

B. Insourcing

C. Netsourcing

D. Selfsourcing

Selfsourcing is the development and support of IT systems by end users

(knowledge workers) with little or no help from IT specialists.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Introduction
3. If you were developing marketing strategies and you decided to create a database
that tracked the progress of your marketing efforts, what kind of development
would you be engaging in?

A. Outsourcing

B. Netsourcing

C. Selfsourcing

D. Insourcing

Selfsourcing is the development and support of IT systems by end users

(knowledge workers) with little or no help from IT specialists.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Introduction
4. Which of the following systems development techniques delegate development
tasks to a third party for a specified cost, period of time, and level of service?

A. Netsourcing

B. Outsourcing

C. Insourcing

D. Selfsourcing

Outsourcing is the delegation of specific work to a third party for a specified length
of time, at a specified cost, and at a specified level of service.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Introduction
5. What is the difference between insourcing and selfsourcing?

A. Selfsourcing requires the use of internal consultants; insourcing requires staff

from the IT department.

B. Selfsourcing is self-regulating; insourcing requires internal quality controls.

C. Selfsourcing allows for end user development; insourcing requires internal IT

staff.

D. Selfsourcing allows for one person to complete the systems development life
cycle; insourcing is a team effort.

Insourcing involves in-house IT specialists within your organization to develop the

system. Selfsourcing is the development and support of IT systems by end users
(knowledge workers) with little or no help from IT specialists.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Introduction
6. The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is:

A. a method for testing new IT applications.

B. a structured approach for developing information systems.

C. the analysis and assessment tasks that need to be completed when designing
and developing information systems.

D. a set of guidelines that an end user follows when developing their own business
applications.

The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a structured step-by-step approach

for developing information systems.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
7. The waterfall methodology is:

A. a sequential, activity-based process in which one phase of the SDLC is followed

by another.

B. an assessment methodology that ensures quality applications.

C. an outsource development methodology to information systems.

D. a process management technique that identifies and includes end users and
management in the SDLC.

The waterfall methodology is a sequential, activity-based process in which one

phase of the SDLC is followed by another, from planning through implementation.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
8. The SDLC contains seven phases. Which phase is devoted to creating a solid plan
for developing your information system?

A. Initiation

B. Planning

C. Design

D. Analysis

During the planning phase of the SDLC you create a solid plan for developing your
information system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
9. Which of the following is a characteristic of a proposed system that is essential to
the success of your organization?

A. Quality and essence metric

B. Vital requirement

C. Critical success factor

D. Essential design feature

A critical success factor (CSF) is simply a factor critical to your organization's

success. This process allows your organization to strategically decide which
systems to build.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
10. A project scope document is:

A. a document that outlines the project's strategy, the responsibilities of project

team members, and the assessment measures that will determine the rate of
success

B. a one-paragraph statement about the scope of the proposed project

C. a detailed document identifying the goals, scope and strategy for the proposed
project

D. a document that identifies the parameters or boundaries of the proposed

system and how it fits into existing systems

A project scope document is a written document of the project scope and is

usually no longer than a paragraph.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
11. Which of the following occurs when the scope of the project increases beyond its
original intentions?

A. Scope creep

B. Feature creep

C. Milestone

D. Rolling stone

Scope creep occurs when the scope of the project increases beyond its original
intentions.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
12. Which of the following occurs when developers and end users add extra features
that were not part of the initial requirements?

A. Scope creep

B. Feature creep

C. Milestone

D. Rolling stone

Feature creep occurs when developers (and end users) add extra features that
were not part of the initial requirements.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
13. What document defines the what, when, and who questions of systems
development including all activities to be performed, the individuals, or resources,
who will perform the activities, and the time required to complete each activity?

A. Requirements

B. Project plan

C. Project milestones

D. Critical success factors

The project plan defines the what, when, and who questions of systems
development including all activities to be performed, the individuals, or resources,
who will perform the activities, and the time required to complete each activity.
The project plan is the guiding force behind ensuring the on time delivery of a
complete and successful information system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
14. _____ defines and develops the project plan, and tracks the plan to ensure that all
key project milestones are completed on time.

A. End user

B. Project manager

C. Project executive

D. IT Administrator

A project manager is an individual who is an expert in project planning and

management, defines and develops the project plan, and tracks the plan to ensure
that all key project milestones are completed on time.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
15. _____ represent key dates by which you need a certain group of activities
performed.

A. Enduring goals

B. Business plans

C. Feature creeps

D. Project milestones

Project milestones represent key dates by which you need a certain group of
activities performed.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
16. Which phase in the SDLC involves end users and IT specialist working together to
gather, understand, and document the business requirements for the proposed
system?

A. Initiation

B. Planning

C. Design

D. Analysis

The analysis phase of the SDLC involves end users and IT specialists working
together to gather, understand, and document the business requirements for the
proposed system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
17. Business requirements are:

A. the strategic and tactical goals that a business establishes for itself that software
must align with.

B. the detailed set of requests that the proposed information system must meet to
be successful.

C. the planning documents identifying the characteristics and functionality of the

proposed information system.

D. the logical designs for the proposed information system.

Business requirements are the detailed set of end-user requests that the system
must meet to be successful. The business requirements drive the entire system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
18. "The proposed information system must connect 25,000 employees, working in
five satellite sites of Europe, U.S., and Africa" is an example of a(n) ____.

A. company mission

B. milestone

C. feature creep

D. business requirement

Business requirements are the detailed set of end-user requests that the system
must meet to be successful. The business requirements drive the entire system.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
19. When IT specialists and end users meet in one location to define and review the
business requirements of a proposed system, the meeting is called a ____.

A. requirements meeting

B. planning and analysis meeting

C. joint application development session

D. rapid prototyping

During a joint application development (JAD) session users and IT specialists meet,
sometimes for several days, to define and review the business requirements for the
system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
20. Once all the business requirements are defined, you must prioritize them in order
of business importance and place them in a formal comprehensive document,
called a(n) ____.

A. requirements assessment document

B. requirements definition document

C. document of requisites

D. essential requirements document

Once you define all the business requirements, you prioritize them in order of
business importance and place them in a formal comprehensive document, the
requirements definition document.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
21. The primary goal of which phase in the SDLC is to build a technical blueprint of
how the proposed system will work?

A. Design

B. Planning

C. Analysis

D. Development

The primary goal of the design phase of the SDLC is to build a technical blueprint
of how the proposed system will work.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
22. Which of the following is considered a technical architecture for a proposed
system?

A. A description of the needed hardware, software, and telecommunications

equipment.

B. A drawing or graphical representation of the proposed system including

proposed screens, reports, software, and databases.

C. A logical model that defines the structure of needed modules and sub modules
and their interrelationships.

D. The needed data structures, definitions and business rules.

The technical architecture defines the hardware, software, and telecommunications

equipment required to run the system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
23. What is the difference between the design phase and the analysis phase?

A. The analysis phase follows the design phase and examines the requirements
developed during the design phase.

B. The design phase creates the code from the logical requirements developed in
the analysis phase.

C. Analysis and design belong to the same phase and create an iterative process
between the two activities.

D. The design phase takes the requirements developed in the analysis phase and
creates a design based on that.

The design phase takes the requirements developed in the analysis phase and
creates a design from them.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
24. The SDLC contains seven phases. Which phase transforms the design into an
actual system?

A. Design

B. Expansion

C. Development

D. Transformation

During the development phase of the SDLC, you take all your detailed design
documents from the design phase and transform them into an actual system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
25. Which phase in the SDLC verifies that the system works and meets all the business
requirements developed in the analysis phase?

A. Development

B. Transformation

C. Implementation

D. Testing

The testing phase of the SDLC verifies that the system works and meets all the
business requirements defined in the analysis phase.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
26. To ensure that the newly developed information systems functions properly, what
should you create that lists the expected steps that the system should perform and
expected results from these steps?

A. Requirement documents

B. Test conditions

C. Design specifications

D. Logical design specifications

Test conditions are the detailed steps the system must perform along with the
expected results of each step. The tester will execute each test condition and
compare the expected results with the actual results to verify that the system
functions correctly.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
27. _____ verifies that separate systems can work together.

A. Unit testing

B. System testing

C. Integration testing

D. User acceptance testing

Integration testing verifies that separate systems can work together.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
28. The SDLC contains seven phases. Which phase distributes the system to all the
users so that they can use it to perform their jobs?

A. Implementation

B. Testing

C. Maintenance

D. Expansion

During the implementation phase of the SDLC you distribute the system to all the
users and they begin using the system to perform their everyday jobs.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
29. When you install the system, you must provide employees with _____ that
highlights how to use the system.

A. test conditions

B. user documentation

C. technical architecture

D. requirements definition document

When you install the system, you must also provide employees with user
documentation that highlights how to use the system. Users find it extremely
frustrating to have a new system without documentation.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
30. _____ training is most suitable for difficult systems for which employees need one-
on-one time with an individual instructor.

A. Online

B. Virtual

C. Workshop

D. Correspondence

Workshop training is held in a classroom environment and is led by an instructor.

Workshop training is most suitable for difficult systems for which employees need
one-on-one time with an individual instructor.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
31. If you were to implement the new system while the existing system continued to
run, what type of implementation method would you be following?

A. Pilot implementation

B. Phase implementation

C. Parallel implementation

D. Plunge implementation

Parallel implementation uses both the old and new systems until you're sure that
the new system performs correctly.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
32. If you were to allow only a select group of people to use the new system so that
you could determine if it was working correctly, what type of implementation
method would you be following?

A. Pilot implementation

B. Parallel implementation

C. Plunge implementation

D. Phase implementation

Pilot implementation has only a small group of people using the new system until
you know it works correctly and then the remaining people are added to the
system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
33. During the _____ phase of the SDLC, the new system is monitored and supported
to ensure it continues to meet the business goals.

A. implementation

B. testing

C. maintenance

D. operations

Maintaining the system is the final phase of any systems development effort.
During the maintenance phase of the SDLC, you monitor and support the new
system to ensure it continues to meet the business goals.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
34. What is the difference between the implementation phase and the maintenance
phase?

A. The implementation phase creates the physical design (code) and tests it; the
maintenance phase places it into operations.

B. The implementation phase monitors new systems to ensure that they are
working properly; the maintenance phase makes minor adjustments when
needed to meet existing business goals.

C. The maintenance phase monitors new systems to ensure that they are working
properly; the implementation phase makes minor adjustments when needed to
meet new business goals.

D. The maintenance phase monitors and adjusts new and existing systems; the
implementation phase places new systems into operation.

The maintenance phase monitors and adjusts new and existing systems; the
implementation phase places new systems into operation.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
35. _____ focuses on building small self-contained blocks of code that can be reused
across a variety of applications within an organization.

A. Rapid prototyping

B. Project scoping

C. Agile development

D. Component-based development

Component-based development (CBD) is a general approach to systems

development that focuses on building small self-contained blocks of code
(components) that can be reused across a variety of applications within an
organization.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Component-Based Development
36. Which of the following methodologies emphasizes extensive user involvement in
the rapid and evolutionary construction of working prototypes?

A. SDLC

B. Waterfall modeling

C. Project scoping

D. Rapid application development (RAD)

The rapid application development (RAD) (also called rapid prototyping)

methodology emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary
construction of working prototypes of a system to accelerate the systems
development process.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Component-Based Development
37. Which of the following methodologies breaks a project into tiny phases;
programmers must develop the code for each phase before they can continue to
the next phase?

A. Project milestones

B. Extreme programming

C. Operational prototyping

D. Design and build prototyping

The extreme programming (XP) methodology breaks a project into tiny phases
and developers cannot continue on to the next phase until the current phase is
complete.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Component-Based Development
38. _____ is a form of XP, which aims for customer satisfaction through early and
continuous delivery of useful software components.

A. The agile methodology

B. The service-oriented architecture

C. Vista

D. Macintosh

The agile methodology, a form of XP, aims for customer satisfaction through early
and continuous delivery of useful software components.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development
39. What is the difference between extreme programming (XP) and the agile
methodology to software development?

A. XP focuses on component-base development; the agile methodology focuses

on the RAD.

B. XP uses prototyping; the agile methodology does not.

C. Agile methodology involves users much more than XP.

D. XP focuses more on team coding; the agile methodology focuses on limiting

project scope.

Agile is similar to XP but with less focus on team coding and more on limiting
project scope.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Component-Based Development
40. _____ is a high-level, holistic organizational approach to how your organization
views and acts on all its software needs.

A. Service-oriented architecture

B. Rapid prototyping

C. RAD

D. XP

A service-oriented architecture (SOA or SoA) is a software architecture perspective

that focuses on the development, use, and reuse of small self-contained blocks of
code (called services) to meet all the application software needs of an
organization. An SoA is a high-level, holistic organizational approach to how your
organization views and acts on all its software needs. If adopted, your organization
would, in essence, be saying that all software will be developed and managed as a
series of reusable services (blocks of code).

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development
41. _____ is the development and support of IT systems by knowledge workers with
little or no help from IT specialists.

A. End-user involvement

B. Outsourcing

C. Insourcing

D. Requirements definition

Selfsourcing (end-user development) is the development and support of IT

systems by end users (knowledge workers) with little or no help from IT specialists.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)
42. What group of people knows little about IT but a lot about their own domain?

A. Domain experts

B. Project managers

C. End users

D. Field professionals

End users are individuals who will use a system, who, although skilled in their own
domain, are not IT or computer experts, and yet they know very well what they
want from a system and are capable of developing such systems.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)
43. Which of the following is not an advantage of selfsourcing?

A. It increases the speed of systems development.

B. It analyses the various design alternatives which lead to subpar IT systems.

C. It increases end user participation and sense of ownership.

D. It improves requirements determination.

Insufficient analysis of design alternatives leads to subpar IT systems. Some end

users jump to immediate conclusions about the hardware and software they
should use without carefully analyzing all the possible alternatives. If this happens,
end users may develop systems whose components are inefficient.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)
44. Which of the following is a potential risk of selfsourcing?

A. Reduced technological know-how for future innovation.

B. Lack of documentation and external support leads to short-lived systems.

C. Reduced degree of control.

D. Increased dependency on outside organizations.

When end users develop a system, they often forgo documentation of how the
system works and fail to realize that they can expect little or no support from IT
specialists. All systems—no matter who develops them—must change over time.
End users must realize that anticipating those changes is their responsibility and
making those changes will be easier if they document their system well.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)
45. What type of selfsourcing development tool is paramount to the success of the
proposed software?

A. Easy to use development tools

B. Evolutionary prototyping tools

C. Extreme programming (XP) tools

D. Video editing tools

Easy to use development tools are essential for rapid, low-cost development. For
application programs, specific characteristics of ease-of-use include: simple data
entry, error checking for values in lists and ranges, easy report generation (e.g.,
drag and drop), and ease of Web publishing.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)
46. Because end users work with a wide range of data, what toolset should they select
for selfsourcing support?

A. Sophisticated GUI development

B. Online meeting software

C. Collaboration software

D. Database management systems

By its very nature, data is dynamic. Therefore, the toolset should support all the
features normally found in database management system products.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)
47. _____ is the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a
proposed product, service, or system.

A. RAD

B. XP

C. Prototyping

D. Modeling

Prototyping is the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a

proposed product, service, or system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prototyping
48. What is used to prove the technical feasibility of a proposed system?

A. Technical prototype

B. Virtual Prototype

C. Proof-of-concept prototype

D. Selling prototype

A prototype you use to prove the technical feasibility of a proposed system is a

proof-of-concept prototype.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prototyping
49. A prototype you use to convince people of the worth of a proposed system is a(n)
____.

A. buying prototype

B. physical prototype

C. proof-of-concept prototype

D. selling prototype

A prototype you use to convince people of the worth of a proposed system is a

selling prototype.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prototyping
50. What is the first step in the prototyping process?

A. Revise and enhance the prototype

B. Develop initial prototype

C. Identify basic requirements

D. End user reviewing

During the first step, you gather the basic requirements for a proposed system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prototyping
51. What is the fourth and last step in the prototyping process?

A. Identify basic requirements

B. Develop initial prototype

C. Users reviewing

D. Revise and enhance the prototype

The final sequential step in the prototyping process is to revise and enhance the
prototype according to any end user suggestions. In this step, you make changes
to the current prototype and add any new requirements.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prototyping
52. Which of the following is an advantage of prototyping?

A. Encourages active user participation

B. Helps resolve discrepancies among end users

C. Gives users a feel for the final system

D. All of the above

Encourages active user participation, helps resolve discrepancies among end users,
and gives users a feel for the final system are all advantages of prototyping.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Prototyping
53. Which of the following is a disadvantage to prototyping?

A. Prototyping does not encourage active user participation.

B. Prototyping does not give an indication of performance under operational

conditions.

C. Prototyping does not help determine technical feasibility.

D. Prototyping does not help resolve discrepancies among users.

Prototypes seldom take all operational conditions into consideration. This is

potentially the most significant drawback to prototyping. You must prototype
operational conditions as well as interfaces and processes.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Prototyping
54. According to the Outsourcing Research Council, which business function is the top
outsourcing area for many contemporary companies?

A. IT

B. Accounting

C. Human Resources

D. Finance

The Outsourcing Research Council recently completed a study indicating that

human resources (HR) is the top outsourcing area for many companies.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Outsourcing
55. Which SDLC phase is performed with both internal software development and
outsourcing?

A. Design

B. Development

C. Maintenance

D. Analysis

Regardless of your choice of insourcing or outsourcing, you must still perform the
analysis phase—especially the primary activity of gathering the business
requirements for the proposed system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Outsourcing
56. _____ is a formal document that describes in detail your logical requirements for a
proposed system and invites vendors to submit bids for its development.

A. Requirements document

B. Design specification

C. Request for proposal (RFP)

D. Project scope document

A request for proposal (RFP) is a formal document that describes in excruciating

detail your logical requirements for a proposed system and invites outsourcing
organizations (which we'll refer to as vendors) to submit bids for its development.
An RFP is one of the two most important documents in the outsourcing process.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Outsourcing
57. If you were constructing a legal document for your software vendor that stipulated
needed requirements, schedules, costs, acceptance criteria, and assessment
metrics, what would you be creating?

A. Service level agreement

B. Critical milestones

C. Critical success factors

D. Request for proposal

A service level agreement (SLA) is a formal contractually obligated agreement

between two parties. Within different environments, an SLA takes on different
meanings. In the context of systems development, an SLA defines the work to be
done, the time frame, the metrics that will be used to measure the success of the
systems development effort, and the costs. Most SLAs are business oriented and
void of detailed technical specifications.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Outsourcing
58. If your U.S.-based company were to hire a vendor located in New York City, you
would be using _____ outsourcing.

A. nearshore

B. domestic

C. onshore

D. interior

Onshore outsourcing is the process of engaging another company in the same

country for services.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Outsourcing
59. If your U.S.-based company were to hire a vendor from Mexico City, you would be
using _____ outsourcing.

A. offshore

B. onshore

C. nearshore

D. exterior

Nearshore outsourcing is contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company

in a nearby country. Often, this country will share a border with the native country.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Outsourcing
60. What is the trend called when a U.S. company outsources IT functions to other
countries that are geographically far away?

A. Foreign outsourcing

B. Offshore outsourcing

C. External outsourcing

D. Outer outsourcing

Offshore outsourcing is contracting with a company that is geographically far

away.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Outsourcing
61. Which of the following is an advantage of outsourcing?

A. Increases technical know-how for future innovation

B. Reduces costs

C. Increases degree of control

D. Reduces vulnerability of your strategic information

Outsourcing is often seen as a money saver for organizations. Reducing costs is

one of the important reasons organizations outsource.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Outsourcing
62. Which of the following is a disadvantage of outsourcing?

A. It acquires outdated technology.

B. It increases dependency on other organizations.

C. It decreases performance accountability.

D. It cannot predict future costs.

As soon as you start outsourcing, you immediately begin depending on another

organization to perform many of your business functions.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Outsourcing

True / False Questions

63. The systems development life cycle is an unstructured approach for developing
information systems.

FALSE

The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a structured step-by-step approach

for developing information systems.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

64. Project scope clearly defines the high-level system requirements.

TRUE

A project scope document is a written document of the project scope and is

usually no longer than a paragraph. The project scope clearly defines the high-
level requirements.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
65. Adding additional features that were not part of the initial project definition is an
example of scope creep.

FALSE

Scope creep occurs when the scope of the project increases beyond its original
intentions.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

66. Scope creep and feature creep lead to better systems development projects.

FALSE

Project scoping is important for many reasons; most importantly it helps you avoid
scope creep and feature creep. Either of the two creeps alluded to above can
throw off a project plan.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
67. The project plan defines the what, when, and who questions of system
development.

TRUE

The project plan defines the what, when, and who questions of systems
development including all activities to be performed, the individuals, or resources,
who will perform the activities, and the time required to complete each activity.
The project plan is the guiding force behind ensuring the on-time delivery of a
complete and successful information system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
68. Joint application development is a meeting between users and IT specialists to
define and review business requirements for the project.

TRUE

An extremely useful way to gather business requirements is to perform a joint

application development session. During a joint application development (JAD)
session users and IT specialists meet, sometimes for several days, to define and
review the business requirements for the system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

69. Sign-off occurs when users and IT specialists meet to define or review the business
requirements for the system.

FALSE

Sign-off is the users' actual signatures indicating they approve all the business
requirements.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
70. During the development phase, you develop a technical blueprint of how the
proposed system will work.

FALSE

The primary goal of the design phase of the SDLC is to build a technical blueprint
of how the proposed system will work. During the development phase of the
SDLC, you take all your detailed design documents from the design phase and
transform them into an actual system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

71. Users are usually involved in the testing phase as they are the most familiar with
the business requirements and test conditions.

TRUE

User acceptance testing (UAT) determines if the system satisfies the business
requirements and enables users to perform their jobs correctly.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
72. Online training is excellent when employees need one-on-one time with a trainer.

FALSE

Online training runs over the Internet or off a CD or DVD. Workshop training is
most suitable for difficult systems for which employees need one-on-one time with
an individual instructor.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

73. Plunge implementation discards the old system completely and immediately uses
the new system.

TRUE

Plunge implementation discards the old system completely and immediately uses
the new system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
74. Once a system has been created and implemented, no changes should be made
to it.

FALSE

As changes arise in the business environment, you must react to those changes by
assessing their impact on the system. It might well be that the system needs to be
adapted or updated to meet the ever-changing needs of the business
environment. If so, you must modify the system to support the new business
environment.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
75. Component based development is a general approach to systems development
that focuses on building small self-contained blocks of code that can be reused
across a variety of applications within an organization.

TRUE

Component-based development (CBD) is a general approach to systems

development that focuses on building small self-contained blocks of code
(components) that can be reused across a variety of applications within an
organization.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development
76. Rapid application development discourages end user involvement as it tends to
slow down the systems development process.

FALSE

The rapid application development (RAD) (also called rapid prototyping)

methodology emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary
construction of working prototypes of a system to accelerate the systems
development process.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development
77. Extreme programming (XP) methodology breaks the project down into many
smaller pieces or phases.

TRUE

The extreme programming (XP) methodology breaks a project into tiny phases
and developers cannot continue on to the next phase until the current phase is
complete.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development

78. The XP methodology, unlike the RAD methodology, relies heavily on reusing
existing software components contained in a software library.

FALSE

The XP methodology, much like the RAD methodology, does rely heavily on
reusing existing software components contained in a software library.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development
79. One of the reasons for XP's success is that it stresses customer satisfaction.

TRUE

One of the reasons for XP's success is that it stresses customer satisfaction.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development

80. The agile methodology is similar to XP but with more focus on team coding and
less on limiting project scope.

FALSE

Agile is similar to XP but with less focus on team coding and more on limiting
project scope.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development
81. The services within the SoA architecture perspective are exactly the same as
components in any of the component-based development methodologies.

TRUE

The services within the SoA architecture perspective are exactly the same as
components in any of the component-based development methodologies.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development

82. End users often use tools like DBMSs and spreadsheets to develop applications for
their own needs.

TRUE

The major tools for selfsourcing have been, and still continue to be, spreadsheets
and database management systems and Web development.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)
83. Rather than combating the trend toward end-user application development, IT
staff should leverage it to offload solution building to end users.

TRUE

Rapidly gaining in acceptance is the idea that selfsourcing can be a potent source
of stress relief rather than a cause of stress. Rather than combating the trend
toward end-user application development, IT staff should leverage it to offload
solution building to end users.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)
84. When you're developing a system just for yourself, you don't need to document
how it works.

FALSE

Even if you're developing a system just for yourself, you still need to document
how it works. When you get promoted, other people will come in behind you and
probably use the system you developed and might even make changes to it. For
this reason, you must document how your system works from a technical point of
view as well as create an easy-to-read user's manual.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)
85. One of the advantages of selfsourcing is that it increases the speed of systems
development.

TRUE

Many small systems do not lend themselves well to insourcing and the traditional
SDLC. These smaller systems may suffer from "analysis paralysis" because they
don't require a structured step by step approach to their development. In fact,
insourcing may be slower than selfsourcing for smaller projects.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)

86. One of the potential pitfalls of selfsourcing is that it increases the invisible backlog.

FALSE

Self-sourcing reduces the invisible backlog. If end users can take on the
development of some of the smaller systems, the end result is the reduction of the
backlog of systems that the organization needs to develop.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)
87. Lack of organizational focus creates "privatized" IT systems.

TRUE

Many selfsourcing projects are done outside the IT systems plan for an
organization, meaning there may be many private IT systems that do not interface
with other systems and that contained uncontrolled and duplicated information.
Such systems serve no meaningful purpose in an organization and can only lead to
more problems.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)
88. Lack of documentation and external support leads to short-lived systems.

TRUE

When end users develop a system, they often forgo documentation of how the
system works and fail to realize that they can expect little or no support from IT
specialists. All systems—no matter who develops them—must change over time.
End users must realize that anticipating those changes is their responsibility and
making those changes will be easier if they document their system well.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)

89. Prototyping is an essential part of the RAD methodology.

TRUE

Prototyping is an invaluable tool in the component-based development

methodologies (RAD, XP, and agile), selfsourcing, and insourcing.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prototyping
90. An initial prototype cannot just include only user interfaces.

FALSE

Most often, your initial prototype will include only user interfaces, such as data
entry screens and reports.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prototyping

91. Prototyping gives no indication of performance under operational conditions.

TRUE

Prototypes seldom take all operational conditions into consideration. This is

potentially the most significant drawback to prototyping. You must prototype
operational conditions as well as interfaces and processes.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prototyping
92. The Internet is one of the main reasons behind the rapid growth of the
outsourcing industry.

TRUE

Barriers to entry, such as the lack of capital, are dramatically reduced in the world
of e-business. New competitors enter the market daily.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Outsourcing

93. A service level agreement is an informal agreement between two parties.

FALSE

A service level agreement (SLA) is a formal contractually obligated agreement

between two parties.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Outsourcing
94. A U.S. bank doing onshore outsourcing of some of its work is using another U.S.
company.

TRUE

Onshore outsourcing is the process of engaging another company in the same

country for services.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Outsourcing
95. A U.S. media company is paying an Indian company to do its help desk support.
This would be an example of nearshore outsourcing.

FALSE

Nearshore outsourcing is contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company

in a nearby country. Often, this country will share a border with the native country.
In this case, nearshore outsourcing will take place in either Canada or in Mexico,
usually.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Outsourcing
96. Outsourcing increases the technical know-how for future innovation.

FALSE

It reduces the technical know-how for future innovation. Outsourcing is a way of

exploiting the intellect of another organization, so it can also mean that your
organization will no longer possess that expertise internally. If you outsource
because you don't have the necessary technical expertise today, you'll probably
have to outsource for the same reason tomorrow.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Outsourcing

Fill in the Blank Questions

97. _____ occurs when IT specialists within the company develop new systems.

Insourcing

Insourcing involves in-house IT specialists within your organization to develop the

system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Introduction

98. The _____ is a structured step-by-step approach for developing information

systems.

systems development life cycle

The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a structured step-by-step approach

for developing information systems.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
99. The _____ phase of the SDLC involves determining a solid plan for developing your
information system.

planning

During the planning phase of the SDLC you create a solid plan for developing your
information system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

100. A(n) _____ is a factor critical to your organization's success.

critical success factor

A critical success factor (CSF) is simply a factor critical to your organization's

success.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
101. A(n) _____ document clearly defines the high-level system requirements.

Project scope

The project scope clearly defines the high-level requirements. A project scope
document is a written document of the project scope and is usually no longer than
a paragraph.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

102. Sometimes the overall project scope may increase gradually. This is known as ____.

scope creep

Scope creep occurs when the scope of the project increases beyond its original
intentions.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
103. _____ occurs when developers add features that were not part of the initial
requirements.

Feature creep

Feature creep occurs when developers (and end users) add extra features that
were not part of the initial requirements.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
104. The _____ defines the what, when, and who questions of system development
including all activities to be performed, the individuals, or resources, who will
perform the activities, and the time required to complete each activity.

project plan

The project plan defines the what, when, and who questions of systems
development including all activities to be performed, the individuals, or resources,
who will perform the activities, and the time required to complete each activity.
The project plan is the guiding force behind ensuring the on time delivery of a
complete and successful information system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
105. A(n) _____ is an individual who is an expert in project planning and management,
defines and develops the project plan and tracks the plan to ensure all key project
milestones are completed on time.

project manager

A project manager is an individual who is an expert in project planning and

management, defines and develops the project plan, and tracks the plan to ensure
that all key project milestones are completed on time.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

106. _____ represents key dates for which you need a certain group of activities
performed.

Project milestones

Project milestones represent key dates by which you need a certain group of
activities performed.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
107. The _____ phase in the SDLC involves end users and IT specialists working together
to gather, understand, and document the business requirements for the proposed
system.

analysis

The analysis phase of the SDLC involves end users and IT specialists working
together to gather, understand, and document the business requirements for the
proposed system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

108. _____ are the detailed set of end-user requests that the system must meet to be
successful.

Business requirements

Business requirements are the detailed set of end-user requests that the system
must meet to be successful. The business requirements drive the entire system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
109. _____ is a session in which end users and IT specialists meet to define and review
business requirements.

Joint Application Development (JAD)

During a joint application development (JAD) session users and IT specialists meet,
sometimes for several days, to define and review the business requirements for the
system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

110. A(n) _____ document is used to prioritize the business requirements and place
them in a formal comprehensive document.

requirements definition

Once you define all the business requirements, you prioritize them in order of
business importance and place them in a formal comprehensive document, the
requirements definition document.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
111. During the _____ phase of the SDLC, you build a technical blue print of how the
proposed system will work.

design

The primary goal of the design phase of the SDLC is to build a technical blueprint
of how the proposed system will work.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

112. _____ defines the hardware, software, and telecommunication equipment required
to run the system.

Technical architecture

The technical architecture defines the hardware, software, and telecommunications

equipment required to run the system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
113. _____ is the activity of drawing a graphical representation of a design.

Modeling

Modeling is the activity of drawing a graphical representation of a design.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

114. During the _____ phase of the SDLC, you take all your detailed design documents
from the design phase and transform them into an actual system.

development

During the development phase of the SDLC, you take all your detailed design
documents from the design phase and transform them into an actual system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
115. During the _____ phase of the SDLC, the organization verifies if the new system
works and meets all business requirements.

testing

The testing phase of the SDLC verifies that the system works and meets all the
business requirements defined in the analysis phase.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

116. _____ are the detailed steps the system must perform along with the expected
results of each step.

Test conditions

Test conditions are the detailed steps the system must perform along with the
expected results of each step.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
117. _____ testing focuses on individual pieces of code within a new system.

Unit

Unit testing tests individual units or pieces of code for a system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

118. _____ testing verifies that separate systems can work together.

Integration

Integration testing verifies that separate systems can work together.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
119. _____ implementation has only a small group of people using the new system until
you know it works correctly and then the remaining people are added to the
system.

Pilot

Pilot implementation has only a small group of people using the new system until
you know it works correctly and then the remaining people are added to the
system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

120. The _____ phase of the SDLC involves monitoring an information system to be sure
it meets business needs.

maintenance

During the maintenance phase of the SDLC, you monitor and support the new
system to ensure it continues to meet the business goals.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle
121. A group of people who responds to end users' questions is called a(n) ____.

help desk

A group of people who responds to end users' questions is called a help desk.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-01 Define the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) and describe the seven major phases within it.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle

122. _____ is a general approach to system development that focuses on building small
self-contained blocks of code that can be reused across a variety of applications
within an organization.

Component-based development (CBD)

Component-based development (CBD) is a general approach to systems

development that focuses on building small self-contained blocks of code
(components) that can be reused across a variety of applications within an
organization.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development
123. _____ emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary
construction of working prototypes of a system to accelerate the systems
development process.

Rapid application development (RAD)

The rapid application development (RAD) (also called rapid prototyping)

methodology emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary
construction of working prototypes of a system to accelerate the systems
development process.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development
124. _____ programming methodology breaks a project into tiny phases.

Extreme

The extreme programming (XP) methodology breaks a project into tiny phases
and developers cannot continue on to the next phase until the current phase is
complete.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development

125. _____ methodology, a form of XP, aims for customer satisfaction through early and
continuous delivery of useful software components.

Agile

The agile methodology, a form of XP, aims for customer satisfaction through early
and continuous delivery of useful software components. Agile is similar to XP but
with less focus on team coding and more on limiting project scope.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development
126. A(n) _____ is a software architecture perspective that focuses on the development,
use, and reuse of small self-contained blocks of code to meet all the application
software needs of an organization.

Service-oriented architecture (SOA)

A service-oriented architecture (SOA or SoA) is a software architecture perspective

that focuses on the development, use, and reuse of small self-contained blocks of
code (called services) to meet all the application software needs of an
organization.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Compare and contrast the various component-based development methodologies.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Component-Based Development
127. _____ is the development and support of IT systems by end users with little or no
help from IT specialists.

Selfsourcing or end-user development

Selfsourcing or end-user development is the development and support of IT

systems by end users with little or no help from IT specialists.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)

128. The _____ is the list of all systems that an organization needs to develop but -
because of the prioritization of systems development needs - never get funded
because of the lack of organizational resources.

invisible backlog

The invisible backlog is the list of all systems that an organization needs to develop
but—because of the prioritization of systems development needs—never get
funded because of the lack of organizational resources.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe the selfsourcing process as an alternative to the traditional systems development life cycle.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Selfsourcing (End-User Development)
129. _____ is the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a
proposed product, service, or system.

Prototyping

Prototyping is the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a

proposed product, service, or system.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prototyping

130. _____ prototype is used to prove the technical feasibility of a proposed system.

Proof-of-concept

A prototype you use to prove the technical feasibility of a proposed system is a

proof-of-concept prototype.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prototyping
131. _____ prototype is used to convince people of the worth of a proposed system.

Selling

A prototype you use to convince people of the worth of a proposed system is a

selling prototype.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-04 Discuss the importance of prototypes and prototyping within any systems development methodology.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prototyping

132. _____ is the delegation of specific work to a third party for a specified length of
time, at a specified cost, and at a specific level of service.

Outsourcing

Outsourcing is the delegation of specific work to a third party for a specified length
of time, at a specified cost, and at a specified level of service.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Outsourcing
133. A(n) _____ is a formal document that describes in detail your logical requirements
for a proposed system and invites outsourcing organizations to submit bids for its
development.

request for proposal

A request for proposal (RFP) is a formal document that describes in excruciating

detail your logical requirements for a proposed system and invites outsourcing
organizations to submit bids for its development.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Outsourcing
134. A(n) _____ is a formal contractual obligation agreement that defines the work to be
done, the time frame, the metrics that will be used to measure the success of the
systems development effort, and the costs.

service level agreement

Broadly, a service level agreement (SLA) is a formal contractually obligated

agreement between two parties. Within different environments, an SLA takes on
different meanings. In the context of systems development, an SLA defines the
work to be done, the time frame, the metrics that will be used to measure the
success of the systems development effort, and the costs.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Outsourcing
135. In most service level agreements, the technical specifications are included in a
supporting document called a(n) ____.

service level specification (SLS) or service level objective (SLO)

Technical specifications are included in a supporting document (similar to a

contract addendum) called a service level specification (SLS) or service level
objective (SLO).

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Outsourcing

136. _____ outsourcing is using another company in the same country to perform IT
functions.
Onshore

Onshore outsourcing is the process of engaging another company in the same

country for services.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Outsourcing
137. A U.S. company using a Canadian outsourcing company would be an example of
_____ outsourcing.

nearshore

Nearshore outsourcing is contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company

in a nearby country. Often, this country will share a border with the native country.

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-05 Describe the outsourcing environment and how outsourcing works.
Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Outsourcing

138. _____ outsourcing is contracting with a company that is geographically far away.

Offshore

Offshore outsourcing is contracting with a company that is geographically far

away.