Department of Civil Engineering

 Main principles of statics

 Internal resultant loading
• Coplanar loadings Fx  0; F y  0: M o 0

Beam Truss
2 kN 1 kN
12 m 12 m

A B C

8m

D
E

6m 12 m 6m

pin pin
two-force member

T T
tension

C C
compression

1
 4

Various Types of Beam Loading and Support

• Beam - structural member (long and prismatic)
designed to support loads applied at various
points along its length.

• Beam can be subjected to concentrated loads or

distributed loads or combination of both.

• Beams are classified according to way in which they are supported.

2
 Example
Determine the internal normal force, shear force, and bending moment in
the beam at points C and D. Assume the support at A is a roller and B is a
pin.

3
 10

11

• Bending moment and shearing force

diagrams = graphical representation
of internal forces at any point in a
beam subjected to concentrated and
distributed loads.

12

4
Shear and moment functions for constructing shear
and moment diagram:
 Origin and positive direction of x

13

 Discontinuity of internal shear and moment functions of x

 Distributed load (Start & End)
 Concentrated forces and reactions
 Couple moments
Different shear &
Moment Functions:
A B
B C
C D

14

 Beam sign convention

15

5
 Procedure for analysis

 Support reaction

 Shear and moment functions

 Shear and moment diagrams

 Plot V vs. x and M vs. x

16

 Example 1
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown below.

17

Under uniformly distributed load

shear varies linearly and bending
moment has parabolic shape (2nd
degree)

18

6
 Example 2
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown below.

19

 Example 3
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown below.

20

 Regions of distributed load

 0  k  1

F y  0; V  w( x)x  V  V   0
V  w( x)x

M o  0;  V x  M  w( x)x  k x    M  M   0
M  V x  w( x)k  x 
2

=0

21

7
  Regions of distributed load

x  0
F y  0; V  w( x)x  V  V   0
dV
V  w( x)x  w( x)
dx
Slope of shear Distributed load
diagram at each = intensity at each
point point

M  0;  V x  M  w( x)x  k x    M  M   0
o
dM
V
M  V x  w( x)k  x 
2
dx
Slope of moment Shear at each
diagram at each = point
point

22

dV
 w( x)
dx

dM
V
dx

23

 Regions of distributed load

V   w( x)dx
Change in shear = Area under
distributed
loading

M   V ( x)dx
Change in Area under shear
moment = diagram

24

8
 Regions of concentrated force and moment

F y  0; V  F  V  V   0 M o  0; M  M  Mo  V x  M  0

V  F x  0, M  M o

() F  ()V  jump upward ( )M o  ()M  jump upward

25

 Example 4
Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for
a simple beam AB supporting two equal concentrated loads P

26

 Example 5
Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam
shown below.

27

9
 Example 6
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beams shown
below.

28

 Example 7
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beams shown
below.

29

 Example 8
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown
below.

30

10