University of Al-Qadisiyah Subject: Thermodynamic

College of Engineering Class: 2nd Year

Department of Materials Engineering Time: 2 hour
Second Semester Examination (2016- Max. Mark: 100 mark
2017) Date: / /2017
Examiner: Kadhim k. Idan
Answer all questions

Q1: Answer TWO only (30mark)

A- Proof that steady-flow devices deliver the most and consume the least work when
the process is reversible.
B- Derive a relation for the volume expansivity 𝛽 and the isothermal compressibility 𝛼
for an ideal gas whose equation of state is 𝑃𝑣 = 𝑅𝑇
C- Show that 𝐶𝑃 − 𝐶𝑣 = 𝑅 for an ideal gas.
𝜕𝑣 2 𝜕𝑃 1 𝜕𝑣 1 𝜕𝑣
(Hint : 𝐶𝑃 − 𝐶𝑣 = −𝑇 ( ) ( ) , β= (𝜕𝑇) , α=− ( )
𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑣 𝑃 𝑇 𝑣 𝑃 𝑣 𝜕𝑃 𝑇

Q2: The radiator of a steam heating system has a volume of 20 L and is filled with
superheated water vapor at 200 kPa and 150°C. At this moment both the inlet and the
exit valves to the radiator are closed. After a while the temperature of the steam drops
to 40°C as a result of heat transfer to the room air. Determine the entropy change of
the steam during this process. (30 mark)

Q3: A- Air is compressed from an initial state of 100 kPa and 17°C to a final state of
600 kPa and 57°C. Determine the entropy change of air during this compression
process.
(20 mark)
B- Consider a gas mixture that consists of 3 kg of O2, 5 kg of N2, and 12 kg of CH4.
Determine (a) the mass fraction of each component, (b) the mole fraction of each
component, and (c) the average molar mass and gas constant of the mixture.
(20 mark)

Good Luck

Examiner Head of Department

Solution:
Q1
A- Consider two steady-flow devices, one reversible and the other irreversible, operating
between the same inlet and exit states. Again taking heat transfer to the system and work
done by the system to be positive quantities, the energy balance for each of these devices can
be expressed in the differential form as:

The right-hand sides of these two equations are identical since both devices are operating
between the same end states. Thus,

Substituting this relation into the preceding equation and dividing each term by T, we obtain:

Also, T is the absolute temperature, which is always positive. Thus,

Therefore, work-producing devices such as turbines (w is positive) deliver more work, and
work-consuming devices such as pumps and compressors (w is negative) require less
work when they operate reversibly .
B-

C-

Q2/
Q3/
A- The entropy change of air during this process can be determined approximately by using
a Cp value at the average temperature of 37°C (Table A–2b) and treating it as a constant:

B-